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321:. Mine No. 10 did not yield sufficient results, but Mine No. 12 soon had 144 workers. Mine No. 20 employed 185 workers, and Mine No. 26 employed 76 workers. When workers and their families reached a sizable number, C.C. Woodson filed a petition to incorporate, and on November 26, 1898, the town was chartered.
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In the town the population was spread out, with 23.7% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 28.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 113.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over,
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living together, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.96.
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reported, "No one wounded during the fusillade, but
Negroes were terrorized and decided to leave", adding that "nearly all black residents had left the city" by that time. Bonanza residents' forceful expulsion of Black people through terror has led to the location being described as a
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On April 27, 1904, around 200 residents congregated west of
Bonanza to decide on and ultimately pass a resolution "demanding that about forty negroes employed by Central Coal and Coke Company leave town", which, if necessary, would be administered by force. The
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281:. At the 2010 Census, the population of Bonanza was 575. According to the 2018 US Census Bureau estimates, the population of Bonanza was 564. Bonanza began as a coal mining town of the Central Coal and Coke Company.
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On April 30, a gun battle between Black and white customers at a saloon escalated into a violent conflict consisting of armed white mobs directing gunfire into the homes of Black residents. According to the
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was 161.3 people /km (418 people/sq mi). There were 219 housing units at an average density of 68.7 units /km (178 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of the town was 95.72%
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The median income for a household in the town was $ 30,809, and the median income for a family was $ 37,344. Males had a median income of $ 30,368 versus $ 17,500 for females. The
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counties, placing
Bonanza within the boundaries. Coal was discovered near the Arkansas-Oklahoma line about 12 miles southeast of
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responded to rumors alleging its involvement as "false and unfounded" while pledging to protect its Black workers.
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There were 199 households, out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.8% were
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for the town was $ 13,407. About 6.7% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the
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313:. In 1896, the Central Coal and Coke Company developed railroads in the area as part of the
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of 2000, there were 514 people, 199 households, and 151 families residing in the town. The
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U.S. Geological Survey
Geographic Names Information System: Bonanza, Arkansas
70:
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389:, the town has a total area of 3.2 km (1.2 sq mi), all land.
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675:, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.
1251:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
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May 2, 1904, newspaper article describing the conflict, taken from the
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990:"2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Sebastian County, AR"
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691:. The sole comprehensive high school of the Hackett district is
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Racially motivated violence against
African Americans
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46:Location of Bonanza in Sebastian County, Arkansas.
1166:Map of Arkansas highlighting Sebastian County
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730:List of sundown towns in the United States
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818:"Population and Housing Unit Estimates"
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855:. May 2, 1904. p. 1 – via
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1311:African-American history of Arkansas
1291:Cities in Sebastian County, Arkansas
270:, United States. It is part of the
145:0.02 sq mi (0.05 km)
137:2.79 sq mi (7.22 km)
129:2.80 sq mi (7.27 km)
1061:Municipalities and communities of
961:"Census of Population and Housing"
687:. A small piece of land is in the
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683:Almost all of the town is in the
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937:"Negroes Leave Town of Bonanza"
892:Central Arkansas Library System
369:Central Arkansas Library System
315:St. Louis–San Francisco Railway
18:City in Arkansas, United States
913:"Negroes Warned to Leave Town"
344:United Mine Workers of America
1:
921:. April 30, 1904 – via
317:, structuring Bonanza into a
279:Metropolitan Statistical Area
1301:Fort Smith metropolitan area
882:"Bonanza (Sebastian County)"
174:210.62/sq mi (81.32/km)
969:United States Census Bureau
826:United States Census Bureau
758:United States Census Bureau
750:"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"
387:United States Census Bureau
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1064:Sebastian County, Arkansas
945:. May 7, 1904 – via
725:List of cities in Arkansas
293:was created from parts of
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1306:Company towns in Arkansas
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947:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
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857:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
664:there were 107.4 males.
374:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
153:538 ft (164 m)
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685:Hackett Public Schools
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1028:at Wikimedia Commons
618:U.S. Decennial Census
398:Historical population
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289:On October 10, 1851,
197: • Summer (
71:35.23333°N 94.41639°W
1269:United States portal
311:Fort Smith, Arkansas
272:Fort Smith, Arkansas
171: • Density
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163: • Total
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52:Coordinates:
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1238:Witcherville
1233:Slaytonville
1183:Central City
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1079:County seats
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802:September 3,
800:. Retrieved
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673:poverty line
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393:Demographics
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365:sundown town
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319:company town
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259:
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15:
1200:communities
897:January 16,
763:October 29,
642:other races
74: /
1285:Categories
1213:Jenny Lind
1142:Huntington
1122:Fort Smith
1086:Fort Smith
965:Census.gov
822:Census.gov
754:Census.gov
736:References
624:As of the
250:feature ID
158:Population
62:94°24′59″W
59:35°14′00″N
1247:Footnotes
1208:Burnville
1152:Mansfield
1127:Greenwood
1094:Greenwood
831:March 14,
793:"Bonanza"
679:Education
381:Geography
238:FIPS code
226:Area code
180:Time zone
150:Elevation
115:Sebastian
1218:Milltown
1137:Hartford
699:See also
646:Hispanic
636:, 1.17%
299:Crawford
295:Arkansas
276:Oklahoma
268:Arkansas
242:05-07540
214:ZIP code
103:Arkansas
1188:Midland
1132:Hackett
1117:Bonanza
1112:Barling
974:June 4,
367:by the
285:History
260:Bonanza
253:2403891
88:Country
1147:Lavaca
1104:Cities
650:Latino
626:census
523:−31.6%
508:−25.7%
478:−21.3%
463:−36.4%
448:−10.5%
403:Census
305:, and
110:County
1175:Towns
993:(PDF)
634:White
598:11.9%
583:−1.2%
568:−6.0%
553:61.7%
538:38.5%
493:19.7%
307:Scott
219:72916
208:(CDT)
206:UTC-5
185:UTC-6
98:State
1090:and
1004:2022
976:2015
899:2015
833:2020
804:2012
765:2021
613:2.1%
604:2020
589:2010
574:2000
559:1990
544:1980
529:1970
514:1960
499:1950
484:1940
469:1930
454:1920
439:1910
424:1900
412:Note
407:Pop.
303:Polk
248:GNIS
121:Area
33:City
648:or
608:587
593:575
578:514
563:520
548:553
533:342
518:247
503:361
488:486
473:406
458:516
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371:'s
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199:DST
166:587
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433:—
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187:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
