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the city. These included the improving design and construction of pumping stations to move the sewerage from low-lying areas, construction and research into the safe removal of noxious gases from the sewers, better ways of treating raw effluent, advances in engineering methods and construction for tunnelling across waterways and many more.
578:
By 1859 Sydney's sewerage system consisted of five outfall sewers which drained to the
Harbour. By the 1870s, the Harbour had become grossly polluted and an alternative means of disposing of the city's sewage was investigated. This led to the construction of the Main Northern Ocean Outfall Sewer and
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The historical significance of the sewerage system primarily relates to its role in the growth of Sydney and suburbs and the expansion of municipal services from the early 1900s to the present. The construction of these systems is evidenced by the sewage pumping stations, vents and other associated
525:
The significance of the Sydney's sewerage systems primarily relates to its role in the growth of Sydney and the expansion of municipal services from the turn of the century to the present. The construction in these systems is evidenced in the sewage pumping stations, vents, pipes, tunnels and other
490:
in shape and was constructed from brick. The dimensions of the main outfall are 2.4 by 2.2 metres (7 ft 10 in by 7 ft 3 in) and this reduces by decrements to 2.1 by 1.8 metres (6 ft 11 in by 5 ft 11 in) at the major Oxford and
Liverpool street junction. Other
538:
periods. Many of these systems are still in use today with little change to their original fabric. In addition, the development of the major sewerage systems also represented a major advance in the protection of public health of Sydney by reducing the discharge of sewage from inner city areas into
521:
The BOOS reduced the volume of polluted waters entering the
Harbour and improved the health of the city's residents by moving polluted waters off shore. The construction of the BOOS saw other advances in technology related to the removal of sewerage from the sewers, houses and water courses within
485:
and
Waverley. The Bondi sewer is a gravitational system and gradually rises as it extends inland. Consequently, it can only serve land directly above itself. Therefore, after the initial scheme was completed in 1889 a considerable portion of the sewage continued to flow into the harbour. Over time
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It is now known that the large volume expansion chamber near the ocean was tunnelled from the ocean end so that the spoil did not need to be hauled to the surface nor trundled along the tunnel under Blair Street. This meant that the extended tunnel could not drain out seepage water. This was dealt
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The development of the main sewerage systems represented part of the advance in the protection of public health in Sydney by collectively reducing the discharge of sewage from Port
Jackson via the city's early sewers and divert to the Tasman Sea. As such the system is of high significance to the
517:
As at 5 November 2001, the Main
Northern Ocean Outfall, or Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer (BOOS), was the first ocean outfall sewer of its type to be designed and built in the country. It is one of the most significant engineering structures in Australia. It was a marvel of surveying accuracy for its
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was getting its first reticulated sewer, Sydney was diverting its existing sewers from harbour outfalls to ocean outfall. It was a marvel of surveying accuracy for its time which allowed bricking to commence before breakthrough of the tunnel. This system reduced the flow into the harbour sewers,
616:
Sewerage systems demonstrate a variety of construction styles ranging from sandstone blocks, solid rock and reinforced concrete. The construction of these systems contributed to our understanding of the development and use of these materials in
Australia and reflects the technological change in
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The system includes the sewers, ventshafts, pumping stations and other associated structures. Many of these features are of aesthetic and cultural significance and have landmark values. Some of these items include nineteen of the first twenty pumping stations, large brick sewer vents at
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Bondi was a masterpiece of surveying accuracy which meant that brick lining was commenced even before tunnel "breakthrough". The Nepean Water Tunnel had been similarly completed by T. W. Keele, but being a water tunnel did not require internal brick lining.
377:. By the 1870s, the harbour had become grossly polluted and an alternative means of disposing of the city's sewage was investigated. This led to the construction of the Main Northern Ocean Outfall Sewer and a southern sewer draining to a sewage farm at
440:
in North Bondi. It was constructed as an intercepting sewer to reduce the amount of sewage discharging to Sydney
Harbour via the earlier City Council sewers. The sewer rises from Ben Buckler to the major junction chamber at the corner of
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The sewer was lined with brick. It is 2.4 by 2.2 metres (7 ft 10 in by 7 ft 3 in) diminishing to 2.1 by 1.8 metres (6 ft 11 in by 5 ft 11 in) at the junction chamber at the corner of junction of
405:. It is from this point that the main branches extended in northerly, westerly and south-westerly directions. Two sections of the system have pitched roofs at the junction of Oxford and College Streets and also at
409:. A number of engineers who worked on the system later worked on other notable landmarks such as T. Keele, L. A. B. Wade (father of dams) and W. C. Bennett (Chief Engineer), who were also both board members.
340:
and then travels in a more-or-less easterly direction for 6.1 kilometres (3.8 mi) passing through a number of suburbs until it reaches Blair Street in North Bondi. It was designed and built by the
595:. It displays a high level of workmanship which is evident in the brickwork. Other features of the system include several large ornate brick sewer ventshafts at Glebe, Bellevue Hill and
417:
to help dry out the wetland/swamp which is now a golf course. The spoil was dumped at the bottom of the cliff face. The remnants of the ladderway by which miners descended was removed
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The sewer is unique as the first such system in
Australia. Technically significant as it contains important information relating to the construction of earlier sewers.
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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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Represents the first ocean outfall sewer to be built in Sydney. One of only a few oviform outfalls, but the only one discharging into the ocean.
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The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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works which display in their character, a gradual change in architectural style spanning the
Federation, InterWar and Post War periods.
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The vast majority of the sewer is located underground. A section can be observed at the entrance to Bondi STP and at Lough Reserve in
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until the introduction of the electric pumping stations. This system was instrumental in reducing the pollution entering the harbour.
62:
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563:. It also includes the construction of the cavern which later housed the treatment plant which began partial operation in 1953.
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The Main Northern Outfall Sewer (BOOS) was the first ocean outfall sewer to be designed and built in Sydney. At the time when
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low level pumping stations were added to collect sewage from such areas and pump it to the Bondi Sewer. The Bondi Sewer is
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components of the sewer system include a number of large brick sewer ventshafts and Bondi Sewerage Treatment Plant.
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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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509:, Bellevue Hill Sewer Ventshaft, The Obelisk, Glebe Sewer Ventshaft, and Bondi Sewerage Treatment Plant.
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associated works which display in their character, a gradual change in architectural style spanning the
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473:. Large sewers junctioning with the outfall sewer were constructed to provide reticulation for
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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time. The surveying allowed for the lining of the sewer before the tunnelling was completed.
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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and College streets, from which the main branch sewers extend to the city,
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The system was extended to Balmain and Newtown during the late 1890s.
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BOOS (Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer); Main Northern Ocean Outfall Sewer
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Other components of the system developed over time include the
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NSW Department of Commenrce, Heritage Design Services (2004).
15:
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on 15 November 2002 having satisfied the following criteria.
328:, Australia. The sewer line commences at the intersection of
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construction to meet the increasing population of Sydney.
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a southern sewer draining to a sewage farm at Botany Bay.
792:
Pollen, Frances; Healy, Gerald, eds. (1990). "Waverley".
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Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer : National Trust Listing
43:
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in the city. These have substantial landmark values.
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413:with by digging a side drain from Bondi across to
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820:This Knowledge article was originally based on
144:Location of Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer in Sydney
985:Guildford West pipehead and water supply canal
702:
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690:
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783:Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd (1996).
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803:Alexandra Canal Conservation Management Plan
566:Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer was listed on the
48:introducing citations to additional sources
345:between 1880 and 1889. It is also known as
1755:Buildings and structures completed in 1889
1038:
860:
846:
838:
115:
1197:Double Bay Compressed Air Ejector Station
718:Department of Planning & Environment
38:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1730:New South Wales State Heritage Register
826:New South Wales State Heritage Register
713:New South Wales State Heritage Register
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568:New South Wales State Heritage Register
369:'s sewerage system consisted of five
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7:
1604:NSW Department of Primary Industries
751:President of The Water Board in 1904
494:The sewer is substantially intact.
1740:Buildings and structures in Sydney
708:"BOOS (Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer)"
113:Historic site in Sydney, Australia
14:
1745:Sewerage infrastructure in Sydney
351:Main Northern Ocean Outfall Sewer
240:New South Wales Heritage Register
1750:1880 establishments in Australia
822:BOOS (Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer)
815:
730:
347:BOOS (Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer)
320:infrastructure at Blair Street,
135:
128:
31:relies largely or entirely on a
20:
1125:Sydenham Pit and Drainage (#1)
432:The Bondi Scheme discharges at
1:
1573:Riverina Water County Council
975:Potts Hill Reservoirs 1 and 2
418:
1735:North Bondi, New South Wales
1684:Lower Prospect Canal Reserve
1599:Energy & Water Ombudsman
835:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
824:, entry number 01623 in the
774:Godden Mackay Logan (1999).
785:Sydney Water Heritage Study
353:. The property is owned by
59:"Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer"
1771:
1694:Mosman Bay Sewage Aqueduct
1627:Sydney Catchment Authority
1207:Western Outfall Main Sewer
1030:other water infrastructure
794:The Book of Sydney Suburbs
1540:Sydney Desalination Plant
1192:Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer
909:Centennial Park Reservoir
765:Collocott, J. M. (1999).
314:Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer
306:
302:
233:
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119:Bondi Ocean Outfall Sewer
1620:1998 Sydney water crisis
373:sewers which drained to
1568:Murrumbidgee Irrigation
970:Prospect Hill Reservoir
498:Modifications and dates
343:Public Works Department
298:Public Works Department
218:Public Works Department
1434:Snowy Mountains Scheme
919:Crown Street Reservoir
258:State heritage (built)
1202:Middle Harbour Syphon
316:is a heritage-listed
1699:Paddington Reservoir
1185:Other infrastructure
992:Wahroonga Reservoirs
924:Penshurst Reservoirs
914:Chatswood Reservoirs
776:Quakers Hat Aqueduct
290:Utilities - Sewerage
190:33.8858°S 151.2815°E
44:improve this article
1551:government agencies
1533:Other water sources
1344:Happy Jacks Pondage
1011:Woollahra Reservoir
1006:Waverley Reservoirs
939:Upper Nepean Scheme
929:Petersham Reservoir
904:Bankstown Reservoir
608:general community.
186: /
1639:Boothtown Aqueduct
980:Upper Canal System
965:Prospect Reservoir
899:Ashfield Reservoir
361:Bondi Sewer System
271:Reference no.
195:-33.8858; 151.2815
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1634:Balmain Reservoir
1429:Shoalhaven Scheme
1220:Regional dams and
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647:Bondi Sewer Vent
513:Heritage listing
507:Bondi Sewer Vent
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42:. Please help
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61: –
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55:Find sources:
49:
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35:
34:
33:single source
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1649:Busby's Bore
1578:Sydney Water
1563:Hunter Water
1524:Yellow Pinch
1444:Spring Creek
1279:Clarrie Hall
1191:
1171:North Sydney
1166:Marrickville
1105:Mascot (#38)
1074:Whites Creek
999: /
941:comprising:
869:Water supply
814:
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759:Bibliography
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722:. Retrieved
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541:Port Jackson
536:World War II
524:
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431:
411:
403:Darlinghurst
391:
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355:Sydney Water
350:
346:
338:Darlinghurst
313:
311:
228:Sydney Water
110:
97:
87:
80:
73:
66:
54:
30:
1709:Tank Stream
1499:Winburndale
1419:Rocky Creek
1354:Island Bend
1329:Grahamstown
1139:Vent stacks
1130:Ultimo (#1)
1079:Wolli Creek
1049:Cooks River
875:, Australia
811:Attribution
549:North Bondi
475:East Sydney
434:Ben Buckler
428:Description
422: 1990
322:North Bondi
193: /
181:151°16′53″E
169:Coordinates
164:, Australia
158:North Bondi
1724:Categories
1613:Historical
1592:Regulators
1494:Tumut Pond
1474:Tareelaroi
1469:Tantangara
1439:Split Rock
1399:Murray Two
1389:Medlow Dam
1294:Deep Creek
1269:Chichester
1249:Burrinjuck
1244:Burrendong
1222:reservoirs
1064:Mosman Bay
997:Warragamba
886:reservoirs
653:References
593:Double Bay
528:Federation
479:Paddington
463:Leichhardt
451:Darlington
438:Tasman Sea
379:Botany Bay
263:Designated
178:33°53′09″S
100:March 2022
70:newspapers
1689:Manly Dam
1504:Windamere
1489:Tumut Two
1484:Toonumbar
1454:Suma Park
1374:Khancoban
1359:Jindabyne
1299:Eucumbene
1234:Blowering
1042:Aqueducts
830:CC-BY 4.0
737:CC-BY 4.0
557:Hyde Park
534:and post
532:Inter-war
483:Woollahra
459:Annandale
447:Liverpool
436:into the
386:Melbourne
214:Architect
40:talk page
1583:WaterNSW
1519:Wyangala
1459:Talbingo
1314:Glenbawn
1284:Cochrane
1229:Bendeela
1176:Stanmore
1161:Lewisham
1069:Old Como
1059:Lewisham
1026:Sewerage
1016:Woronora
955:Cordeaux
950:Cataract
720:. H01623
641:See also
415:Rose Bay
365:By 1859
318:sewerage
295:Builders
287:Category
153:Location
1464:Tallowa
1414:Pindari
1379:Lostock
1364:Jounama
1339:Guthega
1324:Googong
1289:Copeton
1274:Chifley
1264:Chaffey
1254:Carcoar
1156:Croydon
1151:Burwood
833:licence
740:licence
488:oviform
471:Balmain
455:Newtown
371:outfall
84:scholar
1404:Oberon
1369:Keepit
1034:Sydney
960:Nepean
891:Sydney
724:2 June
443:Oxford
367:Sydney
326:Sydney
162:Sydney
86:
79:
72:
65:
57:
1479:Tooma
1424:Rydal
1409:Pejar
1309:Geehi
1239:Brogo
1146:Bondi
553:Glebe
467:Glebe
224:Owner
206:Built
91:JSTOR
77:books
1349:Hume
1120:Ryde
1028:and
945:Avon
884:and
882:Dams
726:2018
559:and
469:and
397:and
349:and
332:and
312:The
279:Type
274:1623
255:Type
63:news
1032:in
889:in
871:in
401:in
336:in
46:by
1726::
716:.
710:.
661:^
555:,
551:,
543:.
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419:c.
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324:,
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102:)
98:(
88:·
81:·
74:·
67:·
50:.
36:.
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