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periods in the form of quiescent cells or by repeated antigenic restimulation. Bone marrow protects and optimizes immunological memory during dietary restriction. In cancer patients, cancer-reactive memory T cells can arise in bone marrow spontaneously or after specific vaccination. Bone marrow is a center of a variety of immune activities: i) hematopoiesis, ii) osteogenesis, iii) immune responses, iv) distinction between self and non-self antigens, v) central immune regulatory function, vi) storage of memory cells, vii) immune surveillance of the central nervous system, viii) adaptation to energy crisis, ix) provision of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue repair.
49:
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860:(DCs). These have a capacity of antigen uptake, processing, and presentation. Cognate interactions between antigen-specific T cells and antigen-presenting DCs (APCs) in parenchyma lead to rapid T-APC cluster formation followed by T cell activation, T cell proliferation and T cell re-circulation to blood. These findings were corroborated and extended in 2013 by in situ two-photon dynamic imaging of mice skulls.
1276:
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406:
1303:). If the donor and recipient are compatible, these infused cells will then travel to the bone marrow and initiate blood cell production. Transplantation from one person to another is conducted for the treatment of severe bone marrow diseases, such as congenital defects, autoimmune diseases or malignancies. The patient's own marrow is first killed off with drugs or
316:. While the precise mechanisms underlying marrow regulation are not understood, compositional changes occur according to stereotypical patterns. For example, a newborn baby's bones exclusively contain hematopoietically active "red" marrow, and there is a progressive conversion towards "yellow" marrow with age. In adults, red marrow is found mainly in the
1134:
imaging has somewhat better capacity for assessing the marrow cavity of bones, although with low sensitivity and specificity. For example, normal fatty "yellow" marrow in adult long bones is of low density (-30 to -100 Hounsfield units), between subcutaneous fat and soft tissue. Tissue with increased
1153:
When "yellow" fatty marrow becomes replaced by tissue with more cellular composition, this change is apparent as decreased brightness on T1-weighted sequences. Both normal "red" marrow and pathologic marrow lesions (such as cancer) are darker than "yellow" marrow on T1-weight sequences, although can
1141:
is more sensitive and specific for assessing bone composition. MRI enables assessment of the average molecular composition of soft tissues and thus provides information regarding the relative fat content of marrow. In adult humans, "yellow" fatty marrow is the dominant tissue in bones, particularly
1381:
Using quantitative
Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) a maximum of five DNA viruses per individual have been identified. Included were several herpesviruses, hepatitis B virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and human papillomavirus 31. Given the reactivation and/or
868:
Bone marrow is a nest for migratory memory T cells and a sanctuary for plasma cells. This has implications for adaptive immunity and vaccinology. Memory B and T cells persist in the parenchyma in dedicated survival niches organized by stromal cells. This memory can be maintained over long time
425:
At the cellular level, the main functional component of bone marrow includes the progenitor cells which are destined to mature into blood and lymphoid cells. Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day. Marrow contains
295:
The composition of marrow is dynamic, as the mixture of cellular and non-cellular components (connective tissue) shifts with age and in response to systemic factors. In humans, marrow is colloquially characterized as "red" or "yellow" marrow
855:
was first described in 2003. Mature circulating naïve T cells home to bone marrow sinuses after they have passed through arteries and arterioles. They transmigrate sinus endothelium and enter the parenchyma which contains
1154:
often be distinguished by comparison with the MR signal intensity of adjacent soft tissues. Normal "red" marrow is typically equivalent or brighter than skeletal muscle or intervertebral disc on T1-weighted sequences.
1360:
is inserted into the donor's arm, and the stem cells are then filtered out of the blood. This procedure is similar to that used in blood or platelet donation. In adults, bone marrow may also be taken from the
1150:, T1-weighted imaging sequences show "yellow" fatty marrow as bright (hyperintense). Furthermore, normal fatty marrow loses signal on fat-saturation sequences, in a similar pattern to subcutaneous fat.
2365:"Clinical and prognostic significance of bone marrow abnormalities in the appendicular skeleton detected by low-doe whole-body multidetector computed tomography in patients with multiple myeloma"
223:. Bone marrow comprises approximately 5% of total body mass in healthy adult humans, such that a man weighing 73 kg (161 lbs) will have around 3.7 kg (8 lbs) of bone marrow.
768:. Stromal cells may be indirectly involved in hematopoiesis, providing a microenvironment that influences the function and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. For instance, they generate
1234:), it is sometimes necessary to examine the source of the blood cells in the bone marrow to obtain more information on hematopoiesis; this is the role of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
2607:
2066:
Mahnke, Yolanda; Schwendemann, Jochen; Beckhove, Philipp; Schirrmacher, Volker (9 June 2005). "Maintenance of long-term tumour-specific T-cell memory by residual dormant tumour cells".
1984:
Milo, Idan; Sapoznikov, Anita; Kalchenko, Vyacheslav (2013). "Dynamic imaging reveals promiscuous crosspresentation of blood-borne antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells in the bone marrow".
2498:
Vande Berg, BC; Lecouvet, FE; Galant, C; Maldague, BE; Malghem, J (July 2005). "Normal variants and frequent marrow alterations that simulate bone marrow lesions at MR imaging".
1346:. The procedure is minimally invasive and does not require stitches afterwards. Depending on the donor's health and reaction to the procedure, the actual harvesting can be an
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1318:
Bone marrow stem cells can be induced to become neural cells to treat neurological illnesses, and can also potentially be used for the treatment of other illnesses, such as
1556:
2025:
Salaming, Stephan A.; Nolte, Martijn A. "The bone marrow as sanctuary for plasma cells and memory T-cells: Implications for adaptive immunity and vaccinology".
2085:
Collins, Nicolas; Han, Seong-Ji; Enamorado, Michel (22 August 2019). "The bone marrow protects and optimizes immunological memory during dietary restriction".
1803:
Poulton, T B; Murphy, W D; Duerk, J L; Chapek, C C; Feiglin, D H (1 December 1993). "Bone marrow reconversion in adults who are smokers: MR Imaging findings".
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1315:, some of the patient's hematopoietic stem cells are sometimes harvested and later infused back when the therapy is finished to restore the immune system.
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pass through soft tissues such as marrow and do not provide visualization, although any changes in the structure of the associated bone may be detected.
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Poulton, TB; Murphy, WD; Duerk, JL; Chapek, CC; Feiglin, DH (December 1993). "Bone marrow reconversion in adults who are smokers: MR Imaging findings".
3027:
2104:
Schirrmacher, Volker (12 October 2015). "Cancer-reactive memory T cells from bone marrow: Spontaneous induction and therapeutic potential (Review)".
1611:
Hindorf, C.; Glatting, G.; Chiesa, C.; Lindén, O.; Flux, G. (2010). "EANM Dosimetry
Committee guidelines for bone marrow and whole-body dosimetry".
2709:
1950:
Feuerer, Markus; Beckhove, Philipp; Garbi, Natalio (10 August 2003). "Bone marrow as a priming site for T-cell responses to blood-borne antigen".
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infiltration when the water to fat ratio is not sufficiently altered, as may be seen with lower grade tumors or earlier in the disease process.
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427:
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and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma,
1913:
124:
2195:
Bonnet, D; Dick, JE (1997). "Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell".
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constitute the primary lymphoid tissues involved in the production and early selection of lymphocytes. Furthermore, bone marrow performs a
1353:
Another option is to administer certain drugs that stimulate the release of stem cells from the bone marrow into circulating blood. An
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cellular composition, such as normal "red" marrow or cancer cells within the medullary cavity will measure variably higher in density.
1075:, leading to a decrease in the production of blood cells and blood platelets. The bone marrow can also be affected by various forms of
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of the bone marrow constitute a barrier, inhibiting immature blood cells from leaving the marrow. Only mature blood cells contain the
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360:. In circumstances of chronic hypoxia, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production.
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48:
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oncogenic potential of these viruses, their repercussion on hematopoietic and malignant disorders calls for further studies.
2455:
Shah, LM; Hanrahan, CJ (December 2011). "MRI of spinal bone marrow: part I, techniques and normal age-related appearances".
1760:
Chan, Brian Y.; Gill, Kara G.; Rebsamen, Susan L.; Nguyen, Jie C. (1 October 2016). "MR Imaging of
Pediatric Bone Marrow".
1165:. Diffuse marrow T1 hypointensity without contrast enhancement or cortical discontinuity suggests red marrow conversion or
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1476:
143:
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3213:
2659:
1481:
2953:"CXCR4(+)CD45(-) BMMNC subpopulation is superior to unfractionated BMMNCs for protection after ischemic stroke in mice"
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is sometimes performed. This typically involves using a hollow needle to acquire a sample of red bone marrow from the
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1322:. In 2013, following a clinical trial, scientists proposed that bone marrow transplantation could be used to treat
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2845:"The humerus of Eusthenopteron: a puzzling organization presaging the establishment of tetrapod limb bone marrow"
2241:
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is evident within the bone marrow, in that certain cell types tend to aggregate in specific areas. For instance,
671:
2047:
Chang, Hyun-Dong; Radbruch, Andreas (19 May 2021). "Maintenance of quiescent immune memory in the bone marrow".
3728:
3241:
3013:
1249:, such as leukemia and anemia. The normal myeloid-to-erythroid ratio is around 3:1; this ratio may increase in
895:
772:, which have a significant effect on hematopoiesis. Cell types that constitute the bone marrow stroma include:
658:
107:
2738:
McGuckin, C. P.; Forraz, N.; Baradez, M. -O.; Navran, S.; Zhao, J.; Urban, R.; Tilton, R.; Denner, L. (2005).
2363:
Nishida, Y; Matsue, Y; Suehara, Y; Fukumoto, K; Fujisawa, M; Takeuchi, M; Ouchi, E; Matsue, K (August 2015).
1965:
Mazo, I.B.; von Adrian, U.H. (1999). "Adhesion and homing of blood-borne cells in bone marrow microvessels".
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will kill many of the rapidly dividing cells of the bone marrow, and will therefore result in a depressed
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2003:
Di Rosa, Francesca; Pabst, Reinhard (2005). "The bone marrow: A nest for migratory memory T cells".
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is often used when taking samples from infants. In newborns, stem cells may be retrieved from the
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of the bone marrow includes all tissue not directly involved in the marrow's primary function of
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279:, which can be isolated from the primary culture of bone marrow stroma, can give rise to bone,
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2910:"The origins of bone marrow as the seedbed of our blood: from antiquity to the time of Osler"
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Toppinen, Mari; Sajantila, Antti; Pratas, Diogo; Hedman, Klaus; Perdomo, Maria F. (2021).
2713:
1230:. While much information can be gleaned by testing the blood itself (drawn from a vein by
1206:
Bone marrow examination is the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained via
1161:, can occur with normal aging, though it can also be seen with certain treatments such as
1147:
1118:
Bone marrow derived stem cells have a wide array of application in regenerative medicine.
1060:
991:
979:
462:
2904:) – specialist scientific journal with articles on bone marrow biology and clinical uses.
2740:"Production of stem cells with embryonic characteristics from human umbilical cord blood"
2314:
Ellmann, Stephan; Beck, Michael; Kuwert, Torsten; Uder, Michael; Bäuerle, Tobias (2015).
1330:
drugs; however, it was later found that HIV remained in the bodies of the test subjects.
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can be conducted to treat severe diseases of the bone marrow, including certain forms of
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People have used animal bone-marrow in cuisine worldwide for millennia, as in the famed
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cells is relevant to bone marrow function, and also to diseases of the bone marrow and
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1848:"Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow"
1527:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott William & Wilkins.
1295:, hematopoietic stem cells are removed from a person and infused into another person (
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Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the
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Medical imaging may provide a limited amount of information regarding bone marrow.
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which give rise to the three classes of blood cells that are found in circulation:
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2316:"Multimodal imaging of bone metastases: From preclinical to clinical applications"
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1440:, finding organised tubular structures akin to modern vertebrate bone marrow.
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may also cross the bone marrow barrier, and may thus be harvested from blood.
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Importance for storage and long-term survival of memory B and memory T cells
612:
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249:, are created in bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other
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The stem cells are typically harvested directly from the red marrow in the
1079:, which attacks its hematologic progenitor cells. Furthermore, exposure to
2441:
2216:
1832:
1773:
1506:
Schmidt, Richard F.; Lang, Florian; Heckmann, Manfred (30 November 2010).
1410:
The earliest fossilised evidence of bone marrow was discovered in 2014 in
1307:, and then the new stem cells are introduced. Before radiation therapy or
3617:
3126:
2265:"Stem cells application in regenerative medicine and disease threpeutics"
1445:
1421:
1402:
1219:
1218:. The bone marrow produces the cellular elements of the blood, including
1200:
1174:
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1043:
899:
741:
341:
268:
212:
208:
2536:. Stedman's Medical Dictionary via MediLexicon.com. 2006. Archived from
2468:
2380:
3559:
3493:
2895:
2208:
2123:
Schirrmacher, Volker (2023). "Bone marrow: The central immune system".
1684:
1437:
915:
903:
852:
357:
216:
2951:
Wang J, Liu X, Lu H, Jiang C, Cui X, Yu L, Fu X, Li Q, Wang J (2015).
312:, respectively) depending on the prevalence of hematopoietic cells vs
161:
3580:
3488:
3308:
3248:
3236:
3180:
3103:
3072:
2181:
Fabricant, Florence. "Begging for Bones: A New
Craving for Marrow".
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1312:
1211:
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into a variety of cell types. MSCs have been shown to differentiate,
848:
321:
275:
in the bone marrow can give rise to hematopoietic lineage cells, and
264:
254:
220:
1512:. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. pp. 3/7.
2686:"HIV Returns in Two Men Thought 'Cured' by Bone Marrow Transplants"
1059:
The normal bone marrow architecture can be damaged or displaced by
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1190:
1040:
987:
373:
353:
95:
3514:
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887:(MSCs), which are also known as marrow stromal cells. These are
794:
333:
184:
3312:
3009:
187:. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new
2789:"The Human Bone Marrow Is Host to the DNAs of Several Viruses"
1323:
2608:"Research Supports Promise of Cell Therapy for Bowel Disease"
1724:
Lindberg, Matthew R.; Lamps, Laura W. (2018). "Bone Marrow".
1905:
Rubin's
Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine
1424:
period approximately 370 million years ago. Scientists from
950:, that are required to attach to and pass the blood vessel
207:. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the
2582:"Antibody Transforms Stem Cells Directly into Brain Cells"
1401:, a species of prehistoric fish with close links to early
271:. Several types of stem cells are related to bone marrow.
446:
Cellular constitution of the red bone marrow parenchyma
2849:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
1659:
Birbrair, Alexander; Frenette, Paul S. (1 March 2016).
1350:, or can require 1–2 days of recovery in the hospital.
1169:. Falsely normal marrow on T1 can be seen with diffuse
1935:(9th edition). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger (1993).
1095:
are due to damage sustained by the bone marrow cells.
2726:
Bone marrow donation: What to expect when you donate
3651:
3573:
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3422:
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3222:
3179:
3102:
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3044:
2843:Sanchez, S.; Tafforeau, P.; Ahlberg, P. E. (2014).
1487:
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
1436:to study the fossilised interior of the skeleton's
241:. All types of hematopoietic cells, including both
142:
130:
118:
106:
94:
89:
69:
64:
41:
2143:"The Red Cell Membrane: structure and pathologies"
1654:
1652:
1650:
1572:"Haematology of amphibians and reptiles: a review"
1448:, which ultimately evolved into the land-dwelling
1098:To diagnose diseases involving the bone marrow, a
843:Central hematopoietic and antigen-responsive organ
1908:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 90.
27:Semi-solid tissue in the spongy portions of bones
1846:Nombela-Arrieta, Cesar; G. Manz, Markus (2017).
1755:
1753:
1199:bone marrow aspirate smear from a patient with
1157:Fatty marrow change, the inverse of red marrow
2838:
2836:
2834:
3324:
3021:
2172:. Allonhealth.com. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
1902:Raphael Rubin & David S. Strayer (2007).
8:
2914:Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings
2660:"Stem-Cell Transplants Erase HIV in Two Men"
1555:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
966:The red bone marrow is a key element of the
833:, which are also present in the bone marrow.
1299:) or into the same person at a later time (
382:showing normal "trilineage hematopoiesis":
3419:
3331:
3317:
3309:
3099:
3050:
3028:
3014:
3006:
2728:. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
1665:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
1025:gather at the borders of the bone marrow.
990:-like function to prevent the backflow of
47:
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2933:
2868:
2814:
2804:
2763:
2707:National Marrow Donor Program Donor Guide
2396:
2339:
2290:
2280:
1871:
1700:
1509:What are the organs of the immune system?
1114:Application of stem cells in therapeutics
2716:. Marrow.org. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1661:"Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow"
1525:Pathology of bone marrow and blood cells
444:
404:
30:For bone marrow as eaten by humans, see
2148:. Australian Centre for Blood Diseases/
1498:
1430:European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
1271:Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
847:That bone marrow is a priming site for
183:(also known as cancellous) portions of
3001:Bone marrow histology photomicrographs
2638:"Bone marrow 'frees men of HIV drugs'"
2457:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
2422:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
1726:Diagnostic Pathology: Normal Histology
1598:Official CPC Certification Study Guide
1570:Arikan, Hüseyin; Çiçek, Kerim (2014).
1548:
1395:Bone marrow may have first evolved in
159:
38:
2269:International Journal of Cell Biology
2236:
2234:
2042:
2040:
2020:
2018:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1287:The preferred sites for the procedure
344:, and variably found in the proximal
7:
2688:. RH Reality Check. 10 December 2013
1146:. Because fat molecules have a high
2500:Radiologic Clinics of North America
2242:"Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy"
257:) in order to complete maturation.
2897:Nature Bone Marrow Transplantation
2614:. 28 February 2013. Archived from
2612:Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
2320:Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
1734:10.1016/B978-0-323-54803-8.50035-8
25:
2106:International Journal of Oncology
1805:American Journal of Roentgenology
1434:X-ray synchrotron microtomography
1279:A bone marrow harvest in progress
789:, which contribute especially to
2756:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2005.00346.x
1864:10.1182/bloodadvances.2016003194
1579:North-Western Journal of Zoology
1444:is closely related to the early
883:The bone marrow stroma contains
3149:Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths
1600:. American Medical Association.
1003:Biological compartmentalization
409:Hematopoietic precursor cells:
53:A section of bone marrow tissue
2926:10.1080/08998280.2011.11928697
2793:Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol
2049:European Journal of Immunology
1933:Wintrobe's clinical hematology
1:
2560:"Bone marrow transplantation"
1477:National Marrow Donor Program
1967:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
1482:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
1265:Donation and transplantation
978:from immature hematopoietic
924:beta-pancreatic islets cells
793:production, as they deliver
781:reticular connective tissue
544:Eosinophilic metamyelocytes
531:Neutrophilic metamyelocytes
421:from a bone marrow aspirate
3750:
1613:Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
1320:inflammatory bowel disease
1268:
1257:, and reverse in cases of
1184:
1091:. Many of the symptoms of
1032:
876:
770:colony stimulating factors
470:
398:erythroblast marked), and
367:
29:
3214:Waldeyer's tonsillar ring
2969:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.12.015
2806:10.3389/fcimb.2021.657245
2534:"Definition: 'M:E Ratio'"
2512:10.1016/j.rcl.2005.01.007
2434:10.2214/ajr.161.6.8249729
2332:10.1016/j.jot.2015.07.004
1817:10.2214/ajr.161.6.8249729
1625:10.1007/s00259-010-1422-4
1523:C., Farhi, Diane (2009).
994:in the lymphatic system.
851:responses to blood-borne
683:
672:Orthochromatic normoblast
659:Polychromatic normoblasts
624:
154:
46:
3242:High endothelial venules
2712:8 September 2008 at the
1596:Katherine, Abel (2013).
1071:, or infections such as
956:Hematopoietic stem cells
428:hematopoietic stem cells
364:Hematopoietic components
273:Hematopoietic stem cells
3063:Hematopoietic stem cell
2902:Nature Publishing Group
1420:which lived during the
1187:Bone marrow examination
972:primary lymphoid organs
570:Eosinophilic band cells
557:Neutrophilic band cells
518:Eosinophilic myelocytes
505:Neutrophilic myelocytes
261:Bone marrow transplants
2861:10.1098/rspb.2014.0299
1407:
1293:bone marrow transplant
1288:
1280:
1203:
1100:bone marrow aspiration
1017:tend to gather around
982:. The bone marrow and
885:mesenchymal stem cells
873:Mesenchymal stem cells
831:endothelial stem cells
646:Basophilic normoblasts
422:
402:
309:
301:
277:mesenchymal stem cells
156:Anatomical terminology
3365:fibrocartilage callus
2244:. Lab Tests Online UK
1774:10.1148/rg.2016160056
1393:
1286:
1278:
1251:myelogenous leukemias
1194:
1144:appendicular skeleton
1050:Clinical significance
879:Mesenchymal stem cell
596:Segmented eosinophils
583:Segmented neutrophils
408:
377:
201:marrow adipose tissue
195:). It is composed of
3081:Hassall's corpuscles
2369:Blood Cancer Journal
2282:10.1155/2016/6940283
2185:. 16 September 1998.
2170:The Lymphatic System
2005:Trends in Immunology
1728:. pp. 130–137.
1456:of the present day.
1348:outpatient procedure
1326:in conjunction with
1142:in the (peripheral)
998:Compartmentalization
829:. These derive from
438:(erythrocytes), and
400:megakaryocytic cells
384:myelomonocytic cells
370:Hematopoietic system
310:medulla ossium flava
302:medulla ossium rubra
228:systemic circulation
76:Hematopoietic system
3164:Trabecular arteries
2469:10.2214/ajr.11.7005
2381:10.1038/bcj.2015.57
1677:2016NYASA1370...82B
1093:radiation poisoning
970:, being one of the
930:Bone marrow barrier
609:Segmented basophils
447:
413:in the center, two
390:myelocyte marked),
221:bones of the pelvis
197:hematopoietic cells
2957:Brain Behav. Immun
2908:Cooper, B (2011).
2855:(1782): 20140299.
2744:Cell Proliferation
2640:. BBC. 3 July 2013
2209:10.1038/nm0797-730
2183:The New York Times
1685:10.1111/nyas.13016
1426:Uppsala University
1408:
1377:Persistent viruses
1344:general anesthesia
1289:
1281:
1237:The ratio between
1204:
1104:crest of the ilium
1035:Bone marrow (food)
445:
423:
403:
32:Bone marrow (food)
3691:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3596:connective tissue
3591:Volkmann's canals
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3132:Cords of Billroth
3089:
3088:
2506:(4): 761–70, ix.
2263:Mahla RS (2016).
2150:Monash University
1915:978-0-7817-9516-6
1228:white blood cells
1163:radiation therapy
1128:Plain film x-rays
1106:under general or
940:membrane proteins
920:marrow adipocytes
825:, which form the
823:endothelial cells
813:(synthesize bone)
753:
752:
432:white blood cells
247:lymphoid lineages
203:, and supportive
179:found within the
170:
169:
165:
18:Bone marrow cells
16:(Redirected from
3741:
3724:Lymphatic system
3714:Endocrine system
3638:medullary cavity
3613:Sharpey's fibres
3586:Haversian canals
3541:epiphyseal plate
3531:subchondral bone
3420:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3232:Lymphatic vessel
3209:Tonsillar crypts
3169:Trabecular veins
3100:
3095:Secondary organs
3051:
3038:lymphatic system
3030:
3023:
3016:
3007:
2990:
2980:
2947:
2937:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2840:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2808:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2618:on 8 August 2017
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2192:
2186:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1875:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1811:(6): 1217–1221.
1800:
1794:
1793:
1768:(6): 1911–1930.
1757:
1748:
1747:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1619:(6): 1238–1250.
1608:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1546:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1418:lobe-finned fish
1247:peripheral blood
1197:Wright's-stained
1171:multiple myeloma
1108:local anesthesia
1069:multiple myeloma
980:progenitor cells
968:lymphatic system
448:
442:(thrombocytes).
318:central skeleton
239:medullary cavity
175:is a semi-solid
162:edit on Wikidata
84:lymphatic system
51:
39:
21:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3729:Skeletal system
3694:
3693:
3692:
3683:
3647:
3569:
3545:epiphyseal line
3519:
3498:
3472:
3446:
3437:intramembranous
3409:
3346:
3337:
3307:
3298:
3294:Germinal center
3270:
3254:Germinal center
3218:
3175:
3154:Germinal center
3085:
3067:
3040:
3034:
2997:
2950:
2907:
2892:
2890:Further reading
2887:
2886:
2842:
2841:
2832:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2720:
2714:Wayback Machine
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2588:. 22 April 2013
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2463:(6): 1298–308.
2454:
2453:
2449:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2197:Nature Medicine
2194:
2193:
2189:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2093:(5): 1088–1101.
2084:
2083:
2079:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1954:(9): 1151–1157.
1952:Nature Medicine
1949:
1948:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1901:
1900:
1889:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1547:
1535:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1462:
1406:
1388:
1379:
1336:
1273:
1267:
1224:red blood cells
1189:
1183:
1124:
1116:
1061:aplastic anemia
1057:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1000:
992:lymphatic fluid
964:
932:
881:
875:
866:
858:dendritic cells
845:
840:
758:
716:Reticular cells
685:
628:
474:
464:
458:
436:red blood cells
417:next to it and
392:erythroid cells
372:
366:
293:
251:lymphoid organs
191:production (or
166:
60:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:Lymphoid organ
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3234:
3228:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3160:Blood vessels
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3048:
3046:Primary organs
3042:
3041:
3036:Organs of the
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2995:External links
2993:
2992:
2991:
2948:
2905:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2830:
2779:
2750:(4): 245–255.
2730:
2718:
2699:
2677:
2651:
2629:
2599:
2573:
2562:. UpToDate.com
2551:
2540:on 10 May 2013
2525:
2490:
2447:
2428:(6): 1217–21.
2412:
2355:
2326:(4): 166–177.
2306:
2255:
2230:
2203:(7): 730–737.
2187:
2174:
2162:
2134:
2115:
2096:
2077:
2058:
2036:
2014:
1995:
1976:
1957:
1937:
1921:
1914:
1887:
1858:(6): 407–416.
1852:Blood Advances
1838:
1795:
1749:
1742:
1716:
1646:
1603:
1588:
1562:
1533:
1515:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1442:Eusthenopteron
1413:Eusthenopteron
1398:Eusthenopteron
1394:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1371:umbilical cord
1342:, often under
1335:
1332:
1328:antiretroviral
1269:Main article:
1266:
1263:
1253:, decrease in
1239:myeloid series
1185:Main article:
1182:
1179:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1030:
1027:
999:
996:
974:that generate
963:
962:Lymphatic role
960:
931:
928:
877:Main article:
874:
871:
865:
862:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
834:
820:
814:
808:
802:
791:red blood cell
784:
757:
754:
751:
750:
747:
744:
738:
737:
734:
731:
725:
724:
721:
718:
712:
711:
708:
705:
699:
698:
695:
692:
690:Megakaryocytes
687:
681:
680:
677:
674:
668:
667:
664:
661:
655:
654:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
635:
633:Pronormoblasts
630:
626:Erythropoietic
622:
621:
618:
615:
605:
604:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
585:
579:
578:
575:
572:
566:
565:
562:
559:
553:
552:
549:
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540:
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536:
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527:
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523:
520:
514:
513:
510:
507:
501:
500:
497:
494:
488:
487:
484:
481:
476:
468:
467:
460:
455:
452:
434:(leukocytes),
415:metamyelocytes
396:orthochromatic
365:
362:
320:, such as the
292:
289:
230:via permeable
193:haematopoiesis
168:
167:
158:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
134:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
110:
104:
103:
101:medulla ossium
98:
92:
91:
87:
86:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3746:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Hematopoiesis
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:perichondrium
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3329:
3327:
3322:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3289:Peyer's patch
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3265:
3264:Marginal zone
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3137:Marginal zone
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2666:. 3 July 2013
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2587:
2586:Science Daily
2583:
2577:
2574:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2131:(3): 289–329.
2130:
2126:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2078:
2074:(3): 325–336.
2073:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:(7): 360–366.
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1992:(2): 193–208.
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1929:Appendix A:IV
1925:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:RadioGraphics
1756:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:9780323548038
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1534:9780781770934
1530:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1499:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1472:Myelonecrosis
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1386:Fossil record
1385:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:polycythemias
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:myelofibrosis
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1148:T1-relaxivity
1145:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:immune system
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:blood vessels
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:blood vessels
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:differentiate
893:
890:
886:
880:
872:
870:
863:
861:
859:
854:
850:
842:
837:
832:
828:
824:
821:
819:(resorb bone)
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
796:
792:
788:
785:
782:
778:
775:
774:
773:
771:
767:
766:hematopoiesis
763:
755:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
696:
693:
691:
688:
682:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
614:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
558:
555:
554:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
495:
493:
492:Promyelocytes
490:
489:
485:
482:
480:
477:
473:
469:
466:
461:
456:
453:
450:
449:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
420:
416:
412:
407:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:stromal cells
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
163:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
141:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
97:
93:
88:
85:
81:
80:immune system
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
58:
57:Prussian blue
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3642:
3595:
3484:bone mineral
3442:endochondral
3432:primary bone
3424:Ossification
3378:chondroblast
3054:
2960:
2956:
2920:(2): 115–8.
2917:
2913:
2896:
2852:
2848:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2721:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2680:
2668:. Retrieved
2663:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:the original
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2554:
2542:. Retrieved
2538:the original
2528:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2372:
2368:
2358:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2200:
2196:
2190:
2182:
2177:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2137:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2112:: 2005–2016.
2109:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2055:: 1592–1601.
2052:
2048:
2030:
2026:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1951:
1932:
1924:
1904:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1765:
1761:
1725:
1719:
1671:(1): 82–96.
1668:
1664:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1565:
1524:
1518:
1508:
1501:
1466:LOC100272216
1441:
1411:
1409:
1396:
1380:
1365:, while the
1352:
1337:
1317:
1311:in cases of
1309:chemotherapy
1290:
1236:
1216:pancytopenia
1205:
1156:
1152:
1137:
1125:
1117:
1097:
1085:chemotherapy
1073:tuberculosis
1065:malignancies
1058:
1038:
1023:granulocytes
1013:, and their
1007:erythrocytes
1001:
965:
933:
912:chondrocytes
882:
867:
846:
759:
703:Plasma cells
472:Myelopoietic
424:
411:promyelocyte
378:Bone marrow
352:such as the
294:
259:
225:
172:
171:
125:A13.1.01.001
100:
36:
3704:Bone marrow
3643:bone marrow
3383:chondrocyte
3259:Mantle zone
3224:Lymph nodes
3055:Bone marrow
2692:10 December
2544:20 December
2375:(7): e329.
2275:(7): 1–24.
2248:16 February
1973:(1): 25–32.
1355:intravenous
1340:iliac crest
1259:thalassemia
1159:hyperplasia
1011:macrophages
976:lymphocytes
952:endothelium
948:glycophorin
908:osteoblasts
889:multipotent
817:osteoclasts
811:osteoblasts
807:(fat cells)
801:production.
787:macrophages
777:fibroblasts
729:Lymphocytes
684:Other cell
479:Myeloblasts
237:within the
232:vasculature
173:Bone marrow
90:Identifiers
42:Bone marrow
3734:Stem cells
3698:Categories
3633:trabeculae
3628:canaliculi
3606:periosteum
3565:epicondyle
3550:metaphysis
3510:cancellous
3468:osteoclast
3458:osteoblast
3370:metaphysis
3199:Pharyngeal
3144:White pulp
3120:Trabeculae
2963:: 98–108.
2799:: 657245.
2155:24 January
2068:Immunology
2033:(6): 1508.
1585:: 190–209.
1493:References
1334:Harvesting
1301:autologous
1232:phlebotomy
1033:See also:
1015:precursors
942:, such as
892:stem cells
805:adipocytes
799:hemoglobin
736:11.1-23.2
666:17.9–29.2
613:mast cells
419:band cells
388:eosinophil
368:See also:
350:long bones
346:epiphyseal
189:blood cell
3674:irregular
3601:endosteum
3574:Structure
3555:diaphysis
3536:epiphysis
3463:osteocyte
3352:Cartilage
3344:cartilage
2389:2044-5385
2225:205381050
1825:0361-803X
1782:0271-5333
1693:1749-6632
1551:cite book
1543:191807944
1446:tetrapods
1403:tetrapods
1305:radiation
1297:allogenic
1243:erythroid
1220:platelets
1181:Histology
1081:radiation
944:aquaporin
894:that can
827:sinusoids
742:Monocytes
694:< 0.1%
590:6.0–12.0
564:9.5–15.3
538:9.6–24.6
512:8.2–15.7
463:Reference
454:Cell type
440:platelets
338:vertebrae
314:fat cells
291:Structure
285:cartilage
235:sinusoids
213:vertebrae
59:-stained)
3679:sesamoid
3618:enthesis
3515:cortical
3189:Palatine
3127:Red pulp
2987:25526817
2944:21566758
2879:24648231
2825:33968803
2774:16098183
2710:Archived
2592:24 April
2566:12 April
2520:15893536
2485:20115888
2477:22109283
2407:26230953
2350:30035055
2301:27516776
1882:29296956
1790:27726743
1711:27015419
1633:20411259
1460:See also
1428:and the
1422:Devonian
1358:catheter
1201:leukemia
1175:leukemic
1077:leukemia
1067:such as
1044:Ossobuco
1041:Milanese
1021:, while
916:myocytes
900:in vitro
853:antigens
838:Function
749:0.0-0.8
723:0.0-0.9
710:0.4-3.9
697:0.0-0.4
679:0.4–4.6
653:0.5–2.4
640:0.2–1.3
620:0.0–0.2
603:0.0–1.3
577:0.2–2.4
551:0.4–2.2
525:0.2–1.3
499:2.1–4.1
486:0.2–1.5
459:fraction
380:aspirate
348:ends of
342:scapulae
287:tissue.
269:leukemia
267:such as
3623:lacunae
3560:condyle
3524:Regions
3494:osteoid
3403:fibrous
3398:elastic
3393:hyaline
3249:B cells
3237:T cells
3194:Lingual
3181:Tonsils
2978:4342301
2935:3069519
2870:3973280
2816:8100435
2765:6496335
2622:5 March
2442:8249729
2398:4526783
2341:5986987
2292:4969512
2217:9212098
1873:5738992
1833:8249729
1702:4938003
1673:Bibcode
1641:9755621
1468:protein
1454:lizards
1450:mammals
1438:humerus
1363:sternum
1122:Imaging
1055:Disease
1029:As food
906:, into
904:in vivo
457:Average
358:humerus
330:cranium
326:sternum
281:adipose
243:myeloid
217:sternum
113:D001853
65:Details
3652:Shapes
3581:osteon
3489:ossein
3477:Matrix
3389:Types
3374:Cells
3111:Parts
3104:Spleen
3073:Thymus
2985:
2975:
2942:
2932:
2877:
2867:
2823:
2813:
2772:
2762:
2670:3 July
2664:PopSci
2644:3 July
2518:
2483:
2475:
2440:
2405:
2395:
2387:
2348:
2338:
2299:
2289:
2223:
2215:
2125:Immuno
1912:
1880:
1870:
1831:
1823:
1788:
1780:
1740:
1709:
1699:
1691:
1639:
1631:
1541:
1531:
1313:cancer
1214:, and
1212:anemia
1208:biopsy
984:thymus
849:T-cell
762:stroma
756:Stroma
322:pelvis
283:, and
265:cancer
255:thymus
253:(e.g.
219:, and
181:spongy
177:tissue
71:System
3664:short
3503:Types
3451:Cells
3204:Tubal
3115:Hilum
2481:S2CID
2221:S2CID
2146:(PDF)
2027:Cells
1986:Blood
1637:S2CID
1575:(PDF)
1432:used
1367:tibia
1291:In a
988:valve
733:16.2%
686:types
663:21.6%
629:cells
561:12.4%
535:15.9%
509:12.7%
475:cells
465:range
451:Group
354:femur
306:Latin
298:Latin
185:bones
160:[
96:Latin
3669:flat
3659:long
3415:Bone
3342:and
3340:Bone
3284:GALT
3276:MALT
2983:PMID
2940:PMID
2875:PMID
2821:PMID
2770:PMID
2694:2013
2672:2013
2646:2013
2624:2013
2594:2013
2568:2014
2546:2012
2516:PMID
2473:PMID
2438:PMID
2403:PMID
2385:ISSN
2346:PMID
2297:PMID
2273:2016
2250:2013
2213:PMID
2157:2015
2087:Cell
1910:ISBN
1878:PMID
1829:PMID
1821:ISSN
1786:PMID
1778:ISSN
1738:ISBN
1707:PMID
1689:ISSN
1669:1370
1629:PMID
1557:link
1539:OCLC
1529:ISBN
1452:and
1416:, a
1241:and
1226:and
946:and
934:The
922:and
797:for
795:iron
760:The
746:0.3%
720:0.3%
707:1.3%
676:2.0%
650:1.4%
637:0.6%
617:0.1%
611:and
600:0.5%
587:7.4%
574:0.9%
548:1.2%
522:0.8%
496:3.3%
394:(an
386:(an
356:and
340:and
334:ribs
245:and
209:ribs
149:9608
120:TA98
108:MeSH
2973:PMC
2965:doi
2930:PMC
2922:doi
2865:PMC
2857:doi
2853:281
2811:PMC
2801:doi
2760:PMC
2752:doi
2508:doi
2465:doi
2461:197
2430:doi
2426:161
2393:PMC
2377:doi
2336:PMC
2328:doi
2287:PMC
2277:doi
2205:doi
2091:178
2072:115
1990:122
1931:in
1868:PMC
1860:doi
1813:doi
1809:161
1770:doi
1730:doi
1697:PMC
1681:doi
1621:doi
1324:HIV
1173:or
1139:MRI
1083:or
902:or
483:0.9
144:FMA
137:388
132:TA2
3700::
2981:.
2971:.
2961:45
2959:.
2955:.
2938:.
2928:.
2918:24
2916:.
2912:.
2873:.
2863:.
2851:.
2847:.
2833:^
2819:.
2809:.
2797:11
2795:.
2791:.
2768:.
2758:.
2748:38
2746:.
2742:.
2662:.
2610:.
2584:.
2514:.
2504:43
2502:.
2479:.
2471:.
2459:.
2436:.
2424:.
2401:.
2391:.
2383:.
2371:.
2367:.
2344:.
2334:.
2322:.
2318:.
2295:.
2285:.
2271:.
2267:.
2233:^
2219:.
2211:.
2199:.
2127:.
2110:47
2108:.
2089:.
2070:.
2053:51
2051:.
2039:^
2031:10
2029:.
2017:^
2009:26
2007:.
1988:.
1971:66
1969:.
1940:^
1890:^
1876:.
1866:.
1854:.
1850:.
1827:.
1819:.
1807:.
1784:.
1776:.
1766:36
1764:.
1752:^
1736:.
1705:.
1695:.
1687:.
1679:.
1667:.
1663:.
1649:^
1635:.
1627:.
1617:37
1615:.
1583:10
1581:.
1577:.
1553:}}
1549:{{
1537:.
1373:.
1261:.
1222:,
1195:A
1132:CT
1110:.
1063:,
1046:.
1009:,
954:.
926:.
918:,
914:,
910:,
336:,
332:,
328:,
324:,
308::
304:,
300::
215:,
211:,
199:,
82:,
78:,
3543:/
3332:e
3325:t
3318:v
3029:e
3022:t
3015:v
2989:.
2967::
2946:.
2924::
2900:(
2881:.
2859::
2827:.
2803::
2776:.
2754::
2696:.
2674:.
2648:.
2626:.
2596:.
2570:.
2548:.
2522:.
2510::
2487:.
2467::
2444:.
2432::
2409:.
2379::
2373:5
2352:.
2330::
2324:3
2303:.
2279::
2252:.
2227:.
2207::
2201:3
2159:.
2129:3
1918:.
1884:.
1862::
1856:1
1835:.
1815::
1792:.
1772::
1746:.
1732::
1713:.
1683::
1675::
1643:.
1623::
1559:)
1545:.
1405:.
783:)
779:(
296:(
164:]
55:(
34:.
20:)
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