542:) is the most prominent animal exploited by Eastern Himalayan groups ... The mithun is a semi-domesticate, managed in fenced tracts of forests rather than being kept in or near villages. Outside North East India, mithun are primarily imported for the purpose of cross- breeding with other bovids, for example in Bhutan. It is very common among Eastern Himalayan languages to find lexical sets denoting fauna in which the mithun is lexicalized as a âprototypicalâ meat animal, with all other terms being derived ... Terms for âmithunâ in other languages of Arunachal Pradesh are typically cognate with Aka fu (e.g. Miji Ęu, Koro sĂš, Puroik ʧa and Proto-Tani *Éo), suggesting that this is probably not a case of semantic shift from a wild species. The implication is that the semi-wild mithun was seen as the core species, and the true domesticates such as cattle, which arrived subsequently, as marginal to the system.
85:
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733:. It is the most essential and valuable commodity; the wealth of a person is often counted by the number of gayals. It is the sole animal used for sacrificial purposes and feast of merit. The tribes regard a human to be honourable if and when he holds a community feast of one or more gayal on one or more occasions.
706:
incl pasi, padam, minyong, Galong now Galo), the possession of gayal is the traditional measure of a family's wealth. Gayal are not milked or put to work but given supplementary care while grazing in the woods, until they are ritually slaughtered or killed for local consumption. Mithuns are wild and
612:
In
Nagaland, the animals are kept semi-wild, and live in herds, being watched over by special caretakers assigned by the villages or the owner of the herd. They respond to a horn kept specially for the individual caretaker or actual owner to call them. From birth until the time of butchering or
400:
The thick and massive horns are less flattened and much less curved than in the gaur, extending almost directly outwards from the sides of the head, and curving somewhat upwards at the tips, but without any inward inclination. Their extremities are thus much farther apart than in the
721:
Gayals are left in the forest, where they usually stay within a small perimeter. Females are usually aggressive when with calves, and there are instances known when people have been severely injured after being gored by one. Males are usually more docile.
909:
Guolong, M.; Hong, C.; Shiping, L.; Hongyu, C.; Dejun, J.; Rongqing, G.; Chunfang, C.; Yonghong, L. (2007). "Phylogenetic
Relationships and Status Quo of Colonies for Gayal Based on Analysis of Cytochrome b Gene Partial Sequences".
448:
In 2020, Ranganathan
Kamalakkannan et Al. found "phylogenetic analysis using complete mitochondrial genome sequences unambiguously suggested that gaur is the maternal ancestor of domestic mithun."
718:. Gayals play an important role in the social life of the people in Arunachal Pradesh. Marriages are not fixed until the bridegroom's family gives at least one gayal to the bride's household.
1150:
Blench, R. and M. W. Post (2013). "Rethinking Sino-Tibetan phylogeny from the perspective of North East Indian languages: Blench, R. and M. W. Post". In Owen-Smith, T.; Hill, N. (eds.).
329:
based on a wild population that the name for this wild species is valid by virtue of its being antedated by a name based on a domestic form. Most authors have adopted the binomial
538:
Although livestock is highly characteristic of the high
Himalayan way of life in general, with yaks and sheep being predominant species until recently, the mithun, or gayal (
322:
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is functioning for developing the scientific and sustainable mithun rearing system and for catering the needs of mithun farmers with the following mandates:
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The skin colour of the head and body is blackish-brown in both sexes, and the lower portion of the limbs are white or yellowish.
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Zhang, Y.-P.; Wu, D.-D.; Dong, Y.; Wang, W.; Yang, M.-M.; Yan, S.-Q.; Qu, K.-X.; Wang, S.; Xiong, Z.-J. (2017).
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The head is shorter and broader, with a perfectly flat forehead and a straight line between the bases of the
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2010:
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31:
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Gayals are essentially inhabitants of hill-forests. In India, semi-domesticated gayals are kept by several
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954:. Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Pages 179â181.
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981:"The complete mitochondrial genome of Indian gaur, Bos gaurus and its phylogenetic implications"
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The role of the mithun is central to the lives of many residents of these areas, including
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The female gayal is much smaller than the bull, and has scarcely any dewlap on the throat.
276:
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It is somewhat smaller, with proportionately shorter limbs, and stands much lower at the
1152:
Trans-Himalayan
Linguistics Historical and Descriptive Linguistics of the Himalayan Area
996:
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market, the Mithun remain in the herd, and roam mostly freely throughout the forests.
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Some domesticated gayals are parti-coloured, while others are completely white.
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2001:
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The mandate of the institute was redefined in 1997 and 2006. Currently, the
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849:(Second ed.). London: British Museum of Natural History. p. 380.
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corroborates the taxonomic assessment that the gayal is an independent
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862:"The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives"
782:
Act as a repository of germplasm and information centre on mithun.
703:
621:
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488:
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432:
descendant from crossing of wild gaur and domestic cattle, either
334:
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966:
Cattle
Production in the Tropics: General introduction and breeds
386:
The ridge on the back is less developed, and bulls have a larger
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3344:
2748:
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1705:
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1036:
Uzzaman, M. R.; Bhuiyan, M. S. A.; Edea, Z.; Kim, K.-S. (2014).
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1209:
1042:) Needs Effective Genetic Conservation in Bangladesh: A Review"
707:
each family has a very indigenous marking as a cut on the ear.
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2103:
631:
545:
272:
166:
1038:"Semi-domesticated and Irreplaceable Genetic Resource Gayal (
729:, it is called Sial, Siel, Se/Sia amongst the tribes of the
371:
The gayal differs in several important particulars from the
417:
There are two major hypotheses on the origin of the gayal:
772:
Identification, evaluation and characterization of mithun
779:
Conservation and improvement of mithun for meat and milk.
846:
Checklist of
Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946
410:
The horns are of uniform blackish tint from base to tip.
511:, and in adjacent Yunnan are found only in the Trung (
860:
Gentry, A.; Clutton-Brock, J.; Groves, C. P. (2004).
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323:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
964:Payne, W. J. A. (1970). "Breeds and Breeding VI".
843:Ellerman, J. R.; Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966).
801:"World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity"
536:
943:
941:
808:World Watch List for Domestic Animal Diversity
1221:
1046:Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
821:
819:
817:
8:
56:A gayal bull in Bandarban, Bangladesh, 2007
979:Kamalakkannan, Ranganathan (20 July 2020).
666:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
580:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1228:
1214:
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333:for the domestic species as valid for the
47:
38:
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1073:
1012:
686:Learn how and when to remove this message
600:Learn how and when to remove this message
1154:. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 71â104.
791:
759:Indian Council of Agricultural Research
507:. In northern Burma, they occur in the
530:ones who pair mithun management with
314:to a domestic specimen probably from
7:
698:To the Idu Mishmi, Nyishi people or
664:adding citations to reliable sources
578:adding citations to reliable sources
455:of the gayal was published in 2017.
766:National Research Centre on Mithun
743:National Research Centre on Mithun
737:National Research Centre on Mithun
303:In his first description of 1804,
25:
869:Journal of Archaeological Science
831:Evolution of Domesticated Animals
710:The gayal is the state animal of
1191:
1177:
912:Journal of Genetics and Genomics
636:
550:
83:
1580:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
833:. Longman, London. Pages 34â38.
2369:Central American red brocket (
516:
421:It was domesticated from wild
1:
924:10.1016/S1673-8527(07)60045-9
5908:Symbols of Arunachal Pradesh
3076:Large subfamily listed below
3064:Large subfamily listed below
3052:Large subfamily listed below
1099:"Draft genome of the gayal,
968:. London: Longman Group Ltd.
1571:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1562:Indian spotted chevrotain (
5929:
1119:10.1093/gigascience/gix094
1005:10.1038/s41598-020-68724-6
947:Lydekker, R. (1888â1890).
325:fixed the first available
29:
27:Species of domestic cattle
5903:Mammals described in 1804
5554:
5540:
5507:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5498:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5422:
5408:
5062:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5028:
5014:
4118:
4097:
3653:
3632:
3110:
3089:
2567:
2551:
2351:Amazonian brown brocket (
1713:
1697:
1684:Large family listed below
1672:Large family listed below
1649:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1297:
1283:
1245:
889:10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006
829:. In: Mason, I. L. (ed.)
776:available in the country.
625:An albino akin mithun in
503:. They also occur in the
220:
213:
195:
188:
80:Scientific classification
78:
69:
60:
55:
46:
41:
3748:Domestic water buffalo (
2113:Central Asian red deer (
1738:Bornean yellow muntjac (
459:Distribution and habitat
30:Not to be confused with
4626:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4413:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2518:Yucatan brown brocket (
1747:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1631:Philippine mouse-deer (
1058:10.5713/ajas.2014.14159
950:The new natural history
825:Simoons, F. J. (1984).
479:living in the hills of
5336:White-lipped peccary (
5272:Philippine warty pig (
4897:Yellow-backed duiker (
4861:Black-fronted duiker (
4834:White-bellied duiker (
4455:Przewalski's gazelle (
3678:Four-horned antelope (
2476:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
2035:Visayan spotted deer (
1894:European fallow deer (
1837:Northern red muntjac (
1783:Southern red muntjac (
799:Scherf, Beate (2000).
629:
544:
505:Chittagong Hill Tracts
472:
467:A gayal cow and calf,
271:, is a large domestic
242:Bibos gaurus frontalis
5898:Mammals of Bangladesh
5832:Paleobiology Database
5516:Wild Bactrian camel (
5218:Bornean bearded pig (
5209:Palawan bearded pig (
4798:White-legged duiker (
4224:Red-fronted gazelle (
1903:Persian fallow deer (
1819:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1492:Himalayan musk deer (
1401:Reticulated giraffe (
751:ChĂźmoukedima District
624:
466:
341:Phylogenetic analysis
305:Aylmer Bourke Lambert
263:), also known as the
5873:Domesticated animals
5603:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5263:Oliver's warty pig (
4888:Red-flanked duiker (
4293:Erlanger's gazelle (
4013:Harnessed bushbuck (
3739:Wild water buffalo (
3216:East Caucasian tur (
3207:West Caucasian tur (
2360:Little red brocket (
1828:Truong Son muntjac (
1640:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1622:Greater mouse-deer (
1501:Siberian musk deer (
1188:at Wikimedia Commons
660:improve this section
574:improve this section
347:species originating
237:Bos gaurus frontalis
5913:Symbols of Nagaland
5236:Celebes warty pig (
5227:Visayan warty pig (
4843:Red forest duiker (
4575:GĂźnther's dik-dik (
4437:Mongolian gazelle (
4242:Heuglin's gazelle (
4233:Thomson's gazelle (
3387:Long-tailed goral (
2782:Mountain reedbuck (
2773:Southern reedbuck (
2625:East African oryx (
2527:White-tailed deer (
2306:Small red brocket (
2273:South Andean deer (
2216:Siberian roe deer (
2207:European roe deer (
2044:Philippine sambar (
2011:Père David's deer (
1613:Lesser mouse-deer (
1474:Kashmir musk deer (
997:2020NatSR..1011936K
881:2004JArSc..31..645G
745:was established at
63:Conservation status
5893:Mammals of Myanmar
5384:Collared peccary (
5254:Flores warty pig (
5095:Giant forest hog (
4957:Maxwell's duiker (
4879:Ruwenzori duiker (
4825:Jentink's duiker (
4734:Sharpe's grysbok (
4490:Tibetan antelope (
4395:Bright's gazelle (
4329:Goitered gazelle (
4302:Mountain gazelle (
4275:Cuvier's gazelle (
4215:Mongalla gazelle (
3603:Pyrenean chamois (
3029:Tibetan antelope (
2983:Black wildebeest (
1810:Reeves's muntjac (
1774:Sumatran muntjac (
1765:Gongshan muntjac (
1538:Water chevrotain (
1465:Alpine musk deer (
1392:Southern giraffe (
1383:Northern giraffe (
630:
473:
233:Subspecies Level:
5860:
5859:
5819:Open Tree of Life
5655:Taxon identifiers
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5615:
5614:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5360:Chacoan peccary (
5311:
5310:
5299:Javan warty pig (
5290:Timor warty pig (
5097:H. meinertzhageni
5071:Togian babirusa (
5010:
5009:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4966:Walter's duiker (
4906:Abbott's duiker (
4870:Ogilby's duiker (
4816:Harvey's duiker (
4780:Brooke's duiker (
4746:
4745:
4526:
4525:
4467:
4466:
4404:Peter's gazelle (
4386:Grant's gazelle (
4320:Speke's gazelle (
4093:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
3970:
3940:
3939:
3928:African buffalo (
3759:B. depressicornis
3714:
3713:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3396:Himalayan goral (
3218:C. cylindricornis
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3041:
3040:
3004:
3003:
2992:Blue wildebeest (
2926:Common tsessebe (
2877:
2876:
2840:
2839:
2803:
2802:
2715:K. ellipsiprymnus
2688:
2687:
2547:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2487:P. mephistophiles
2443:P. mephistophiles
2134:
2133:
1830:M. truongsonensis
1792:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1661:
1660:
1604:Java mouse-deer (
1513:
1512:
1483:Black musk deer (
1456:Dwarf musk deer (
1447:Anhui musk deer (
1422:
1421:
1385:G. camelopardalis
1334:
1333:
1182:Media related to
1161:978-3-11-031083-2
712:Arunachal Pradesh
696:
695:
688:
610:
609:
602:
493:Arunachal Pradesh
469:Arunachal Pradesh
251:
250:
181:B. frontalis
73:
16:(Redirected from
5920:
5888:Mammals of India
5883:Mammals of China
5853:
5852:
5840:
5839:
5827:
5826:
5814:
5813:
5801:
5800:
5788:
5787:
5775:
5774:
5762:
5761:
5749:
5748:
5736:
5735:
5723:
5722:
5710:
5709:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5650:
5565:
5556:
5542:
5433:
5424:
5410:
5322:
5128:Common warthog (
5119:Desert warthog (
5039:
5030:
5016:
4915:Weyns's duiker (
4789:Peters' duiker (
4771:Aders's duiker (
4757:
4644:Royal antelope (
4602:Salt's dik-dik (
4593:Silver dik-dik (
4584:Kirk's dik-dik (
4537:
4514:Saiga antelope (
4476:
4415:N. soemmerringii
4284:Dorcas gazelle (
4129:
4120:
4113:
4099:
3986:Mountain nyala (
3969:
3968:
3960:
3951:
3906:P. nghetinhensis
3808:European bison (
3799:American bison (
3725:
3664:
3655:
3648:
3634:
3510:Domestic sheep (
3354:Himalayan tahr (
3321:Mainland serow (
3303:Japanese serow (
3112:
3105:
3091:
3015:
2888:
2851:
2814:
2791:Bohor reedbuck (
2699:
2678:A. nasomaculatus
2601:Sable antelope (
2578:
2569:
2562:
2553:
2315:Merida brocket (
2145:
2086:Thorold's deer (
1938:A. calamianensis
1821:M. rooseveltorum
1767:M. gongshanensis
1724:
1715:
1708:
1699:
1524:
1433:
1412:G. tippelskirchi
1345:
1308:
1299:
1285:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1196:Data related to
1195:
1181:
1166:
1165:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1077:
1052:(9): 1368â1372.
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
991:(11936): 11936.
976:
970:
969:
961:
955:
945:
936:
935:
906:
900:
899:
897:
891:. Archived from
866:
857:
851:
850:
840:
834:
823:
812:
811:
805:
796:
691:
684:
680:
677:
671:
640:
632:
605:
598:
594:
591:
585:
554:
546:
518:
451:Analysis of the
201:
88:
87:
72:
51:
39:
21:
5928:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5917:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5848:
5843:
5835:
5830:
5822:
5817:
5809:
5804:
5796:
5791:
5783:
5778:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5752:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5726:
5718:
5713:
5705:
5700:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5657:
5647:
5634:
5611:
5587:
5550:
5524:
5482:
5418:
5392:
5368:
5344:
5307:
5274:S. philippensis
5211:S. ahoenobarbus
5193:
5185:Red river hog (
5160:
5136:
5103:
5079:
5053:Buru babirusa (
5024:
4998:
4990:Common duiker (
4974:
4932:
4742:
4700:
4676:
4652:
4610:
4559:
4522:
4498:
4463:
4448:P. picticaudata
4421:
4361:
4337:
4331:G. subgutturosa
4250:
4199:
4175:
4151:
4114:
4103:
4081:
4048:
4040:Cape bushbuck (
4033:T. strepsiceros
3962:
3961:
3959:
3936:
3912:
3888:
3783:
3775:Mountain anoa (
3710:
3704:B. tragocamelus
3686:
3680:T. quadricornis
3649:
3638:
3620:
3587:
3563:
3519:Bighorn sheep (
3485:
3461:
3437:
3429:Mountain goat (
3413:
3405:Chinese goral (
3362:
3338:
3323:C. sumatraensis
3287:
3270:Siberian ibex (
3234:Domestic goat (
3182:
3158:
3134:
3126:Barbary sheep (
3106:
3095:
3077:
3065:
3053:
3037:
3000:
2967:
2943:
2910:
2873:
2836:
2799:
2757:
2684:
2660:
2634:Scimitar oryx (
2609:
2592:Roan antelope (
2563:
2557:
2535:
2493:
2485:Northern pudu (
2459:
2451:Southern pudu (
2441:Northern pudu (
2425:
2401:
2377:
2342:Pygmy brocket (
2324:Dwarf brocket (
2281:
2248:
2224:
2191:
2167:
2130:
2070:
2019:
1995:
1962:
1936:Calamian deer (
1911:
1905:D. mesopotamica
1878:
1854:
1848:M. vuquangensis
1846:Giant muntjac (
1756:Fea's muntjac (
1709:
1703:
1685:
1673:
1657:
1588:
1546:
1509:
1467:M. chrysogaster
1418:
1410:Masai giraffe (
1367:
1330:
1293:
1279:
1241:
1234:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1035:
1034:
1030:
978:
977:
973:
963:
962:
958:
946:
939:
908:
907:
903:
895:
864:
859:
858:
854:
842:
841:
837:
827:Gayal or mithan
824:
815:
803:
798:
797:
793:
789:
739:
725:In Mizoram and
702:(Bangni-Booker
692:
681:
675:
672:
657:
641:
619:
606:
595:
589:
586:
571:
555:
461:
369:
367:Characteristics
301:
277:Northeast India
275:distributed in
227:Bibos frontalis
223:Species Level:
209:
203:
197:
184:
82:
74:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5926:
5924:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5841:
5828:
5815:
5802:
5789:
5776:
5763:
5750:
5737:
5724:
5711:
5698:
5683:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5623:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:C. liberiensis
5599:
5597:
5589:
5588:
5586:
5585:
5579:Hippopotamus (
5575:
5573:
5562:
5560:Hippopotamidae
5552:
5551:
5545:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5513:
5509:C. dromedarius
5504:
5494:
5492:
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5471:
5462:
5453:
5443:
5441:
5430:
5420:
5419:
5413:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5332:
5330:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5296:
5292:S. timoriensis
5287:
5278:
5269:
5260:
5251:
5245:Domestic pig (
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5182:
5172:
5170:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5148:
5146:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5125:
5121:P. aethiopicus
5115:
5113:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5089:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5073:B. togeanensis
5068:
5059:
5049:
5047:
5036:
5026:
5025:
5019:
5012:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4963:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4924:Zebra duiker (
4921:
4912:
4903:
4899:C. silvicultor
4894:
4885:
4876:
4867:
4858:
4852:Black duiker (
4849:
4840:
4836:C. leucogaster
4831:
4822:
4813:
4804:
4795:
4786:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4731:
4725:Cape grysbok (
4722:
4712:
4710:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4668:Klipspringer (
4664:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4599:
4595:M. piacentinii
4590:
4581:
4571:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4547:
4545:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4473:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4457:P. przewalskii
4452:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4383:
4377:Dama gazelle (
4373:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4326:
4317:
4311:Rhim gazelle (
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4239:
4230:
4221:
4211:
4209:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4169:A. marsupialis
4163:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4126:
4116:
4115:
4102:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4073:Common eland (
4070:
4060:
4058:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4037:
4031:Greater kudu (
4028:
4019:
4010:
4001:
3992:
3983:
3973:
3971:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3859:
3850:
3844:Domestic yak (
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3772:
3768:B. mindorensis
3763:
3757:Lowland anoa (
3754:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3661:
3651:
3650:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3477:Nilgiri tahr (
3473:
3471:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3330:Taiwan serow (
3327:
3318:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3261:Iberian ibex (
3258:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3222:
3213:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3150:Arabian tahr (
3146:
3144:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3094:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2788:
2784:R. fulvorufula
2779:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2652:Arabian oryx (
2649:
2640:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:O. virginianus
2524:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2437:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:O. bezoarticus
2389:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2335:M. gouazoubira
2333:Gray brocket (
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2088:C. albirostris
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1872:E. cephalophus
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1801:Leaf muntjac (
1798:
1794:M. puhoatensis
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:T. williamsoni
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:M. moschiferus
1498:
1494:M. leucogaster
1489:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1458:M. berezovskii
1453:
1443:
1441:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1303:Antilocapridae
1295:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1275:Laurasiatheria
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1202:at Wikispecies
1189:
1173:
1172:External links
1170:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1142:
1089:
1028:
971:
956:
937:
918:(5): 413â419.
901:
898:on 2011-04-08.
875:(5): 645â651.
852:
835:
813:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
777:
738:
735:
731:Chin-Kuki-Mizo
694:
693:
644:
642:
635:
618:
615:
608:
607:
558:
556:
549:
460:
457:
446:
445:
426:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
391:
390:on the throat.
384:
368:
365:
300:
297:
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
239:
231:
230:
229:
218:
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211:
210:
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193:
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186:
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76:
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61:
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57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5925:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5851:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5693:Bos frontalis
5688:
5684:
5679:
5673:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5663:Bos frontalis
5660:
5656:
5651:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5608:
5606:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5539:
5521:
5519:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5500:C. bactrianus
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5479:
5477:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5454:
5452:
5450:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5407:
5389:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5301:S. verrucosus
5297:
5295:
5293:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5247:S. domesticus
5243:
5241:
5239:
5238:S. celebensis
5234:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5167:Potamochoerus
5163:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5064:B. celebensis
5060:
5058:
5056:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5013:
4995:
4993:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4948:Blue duiker (
4946:
4945:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4863:C. nigrifrons
4859:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4845:C. natalensis
4841:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4791:C. callipygus
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4718:R. campestris
4714:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4670:O. oreotragus
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4313:G. leptoceros
4309:
4307:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:E. albonotata
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4193:A. cervicapra
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4100:
4096:
4078:
4076:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4064:Giant eland (
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4042:T. sylvaticus
4038:
4036:
4034:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4004:Lesser kudu (
4002:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3819:B. domesticus
3817:Bali cattle (
3815:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3707:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3617:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3521:O. canadensis
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3468:Nilgiritragus
3464:
3458:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3431:O. americanus
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3359:
3357:
3356:H. jemlahicus
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3252:Nubian ibex (
3250:
3248:
3246:
3243:Alpine ibex (
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3088:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Pantholopinae
3007:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2961:A. buselaphus
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2865:Grey rhebok (
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2809:Aepycerotinae
2806:
2796:
2794:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2740:Nile lechwe (
2738:
2736:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2573:Hippotraginae
2570:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2550:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2419:B. dichotomus
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2396:
2393:Pampas deer (
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2353:M. nemorivaga
2349:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:Red brocket (
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2266:H. antisensis
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2106:C. canadensis
2102:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2055:R. timorensis
2051:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2013:E. davidianus
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1980:R. duvaucelii
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1945:Bawean deer (
1943:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1870:Tufted deer (
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1803:M. putaoensis
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1749:M. crinifrons
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1642:T. versicolor
1638:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1449:M. anhuiensis
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:G. reticulata
1399:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:Bos frontalis
1093:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1040:Bos frontalis
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
972:
967:
960:
957:
953:
951:
944:
942:
938:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
905:
902:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
863:
856:
853:
848:
847:
839:
836:
832:
828:
822:
820:
818:
814:
809:
802:
795:
792:
786:
781:
778:
775:
771:
770:
769:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
736:
734:
732:
728:
723:
719:
717:
713:
708:
705:
701:
690:
687:
679:
676:November 2017
669:
665:
661:
655:
654:
650:
645:This section
643:
639:
634:
633:
628:
623:
616:
614:
604:
601:
593:
590:November 2017
583:
579:
575:
569:
568:
564:
559:This section
557:
553:
548:
547:
543:
541:
540:Bos frontalis
535:
533:
529:
524:
522:
521:Salween River
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:ethnic groups
470:
465:
458:
456:
454:
449:
443:
442:
437:
436:
431:
427:
424:
420:
419:
418:
415:
409:
406:
403:
399:
396:
392:
389:
385:
382:
378:
377:
376:
374:
366:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:matrilineally
346:
342:
338:
336:
332:
331:Bos frontalis
328:
327:specific name
324:
321:In 2003, the
319:
317:
313:
312:Bos frontalis
310:
306:
298:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:
260:Bos frontalis
256:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
232:
228:
225:
224:
222:
221:
219:
216:
212:
207:
202:
200:
199:Bos frontalis
194:
191:
190:Binomial name
187:
183:
182:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
81:
77:
71:Domesticated
68:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
18:Bos frontalis
5662:
5604:
5592:
5581:H. amphibius
5580:
5570:Hippopotamus
5568:
5548:Whippomorpha
5517:
5508:
5499:
5487:
5475:
5466:
5457:
5448:
5436:
5385:
5373:
5361:
5349:
5337:
5325:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5273:
5264:
5255:
5246:
5237:
5229:S. cebifrons
5228:
5219:
5210:
5198:
5186:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5130:P. africanus
5129:
5120:
5110:Phacochoerus
5108:
5096:
5084:
5072:
5063:
5055:B. babyrussa
5054:
5042:
4991:
4979:
4967:
4959:P. maxwellii
4958:
4950:P. monticola
4949:
4937:
4925:
4916:
4907:
4898:
4890:C. rufilatus
4889:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4853:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4807:Bay duiker (
4800:C. crusalbum
4799:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4760:
4752:Cephalophini
4735:
4727:R. melanotis
4726:
4717:
4705:
4693:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4645:
4637:N. moschatus
4636:
4627:
4615:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4577:M. guentheri
4576:
4564:
4553:D. megalotis
4552:
4540:
4515:
4503:
4492:P. hodgsonii
4491:
4479:
4456:
4447:
4439:P. gutturosa
4438:
4426:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4378:
4366:
4354:
4342:
4330:
4321:
4312:
4303:
4295:G. erlangeri
4294:
4285:
4276:
4268:G. bennettii
4267:
4255:
4243:
4235:E. thomsonii
4234:
4226:E. rufifrons
4225:
4216:
4204:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4074:
4066:T. derbianus
4065:
4053:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4014:
4005:
3997:T. eurycerus
3996:
3987:
3978:
3954:
3946:Tragelaphini
3929:
3917:
3905:
3893:
3881:
3872:
3864:B. javanicus
3863:
3854:
3846:B. grunniens
3845:
3836:
3828:B. frontalis
3827:
3825:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3788:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3740:
3728:
3703:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3614:R. rupicapra
3613:
3605:R. pyrenaica
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3556:
3547:
3546:Snow sheep (
3538:
3529:
3528:Dall sheep (
3520:
3511:
3502:
3490:
3479:N. hylocrius
3478:
3466:
3455:O. moschatus
3454:
3442:
3430:
3418:
3406:
3397:
3388:
3379:
3367:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3279:Walia ibex (
3271:
3263:C. pyrenaica
3262:
3253:
3244:
3235:
3227:C. falconeri
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3187:
3176:B. taxicolor
3175:
3163:
3151:
3139:
3127:
3115:
3031:P. hodgsonii
3030:
3018:
2993:
2984:
2974:Connochaetes
2972:
2960:
2959:Hartebeest (
2948:
2936:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2891:
2883:Alcelaphinae
2867:P. capreolus
2866:
2854:
2829:
2817:
2792:
2783:
2775:R. arundinum
2774:
2762:
2750:
2742:K. megaceros
2741:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2702:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2644:
2635:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2593:
2581:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2477:
2464:
2452:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2417:Marsh deer (
2406:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2299:M. americana
2298:
2286:
2274:
2265:
2255:Hippocamelus
2253:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2209:C. capreolus
2208:
2196:
2184:
2183:Water deer (
2172:
2160:
2148:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2054:
2046:R. mariannus
2045:
2036:
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1987:Eld's deer (
1979:
1978:Barasingha (
1967:
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1859:
1847:
1839:M. vaginalis
1838:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1740:M. atherodes
1739:
1727:
1650:
1641:
1633:T. nigricans
1632:
1623:
1614:
1606:T. javanicus
1605:
1593:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1551:
1540:H. aquaticus
1539:
1527:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1436:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1372:
1361:O. johnstoni
1360:
1348:
1324:A. americana
1323:
1311:
1273:Superorder:
1267:Infraclass:
1238:Artiodactyla
1198:
1184:
1151:
1145:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1031:
988:
984:
974:
965:
959:
949:
915:
911:
904:
893:the original
872:
868:
855:
845:
838:
830:
826:
807:
794:
763:
740:
724:
720:
709:
697:
682:
673:
658:Please help
646:
627:Thrissur Zoo
611:
596:
587:
572:Please help
560:
539:
537:
525:
509:Kachin State
474:
450:
447:
439:
433:
416:
413:
370:
344:
339:
330:
320:
311:
307:applied the
302:
268:
264:
259:
258:
254:
252:
241:
236:
226:
198:
196:
180:
179:
167:
137:Artiodactyla
36:
5687:Wikispecies
5458:L. guanicoe
5317:Tayassuidae
5281:Wild boar (
5220:S. barbatus
5178:P. larvatus
5154:P. salvania
5152:Pygmy hog (
5086:Hylochoerus
4939:Philantomba
4827:C. jentinki
4809:C. dorsalis
4762:Cephalophus
4646:N. pygmaeus
4604:M. saltiana
4542:Dorcatragus
4516:S. tatarica
4406:N. petersii
4344:Litocranius
4244:E. tilonura
4191:Blackbuck (
4167:Springbok (
4110:Antilopinae
4108:(subfamily
4055:Taurotragus
4022:Sitatunga (
4015:T. scriptus
4006:T. imberbis
3963:(including
3956:Tragelaphus
3777:B. quarlesi
3659:Boselaphini
3643:(subfamily
3548:O. nivicola
3389:N. caudatus
3378:Red goral (
3369:Naemorhedus
3332:C. swinhoei
3312:Red serow (
3294:Capricornis
3272:C. sibirica
3209:C. caucasia
3200:C. aegagrus
3198:Wild goat (
3152:A. jayakari
3141:Arabitragus
3100:(subfamily
3071:Antilopinae
2994:C. taurinus
2937:D. pygargus
2830:A. melampus
2751:K. vardonii
2713:Waterbuck (
2654:O. leucoryx
2583:Hippotragus
2511:O. hemionus
2509:Mule deer (
2408:Blastocerus
2317:M. bricenii
2275:H. bisulcus
2242:R. tarandus
2218:C. pygargus
2140:Capreolinae
2122:Sika deer (
2064:R. unicolor
2053:Rusa deer (
1956:A. porcinus
1776:M. montanus
1573:M. kathygre
1322:Pronghorn (
1313:Antilocapra
1113:(11): 1â7.
1107:GigaScience
810:. FAO: 651.
534:harvesting:
528:transhumant
435:Bos indicus
153:Subfamily:
5867:Categories
5594:Choeropsis
5476:L. vicugna
5362:C. wagneri
5265:S. oliveri
5256:S. heureni
4992:S. grimmia
4981:Sylvicapra
4968:P. walteri
4881:C. rubidis
4872:C. ogilbyi
4818:C. harveyi
4782:C. brookei
4736:R. sharpei
4716:Steenbok (
4707:Raphicerus
4659:Oreotragus
4532:Neotragini
4481:Pantholops
4397:N. notatus
4355:L. walleri
4304:G. gazella
4277:G. cuvieri
4266:Chinkara (
4158:Antidorcas
4145:A. clarkei
4134:Ammodorcas
4124:Antilopini
4024:T. spekeii
3988:T. buxtoni
3979:T. angasii
3871:Wild yak (
3855:B. indicus
3810:B. bonasus
3750:B. bubalis
3693:Boselaphus
3669:Tetracerus
3539:O. gmelini
3407:N. griseus
3380:N. baileyi
3345:Hemitragus
3314:C. rubidus
3305:C. crispus
3254:C. nubiana
3117:Ammotragus
3020:Pantholops
2950:Alcelaphus
2935:Bontebok (
2928:D. lunatus
2917:Damaliscus
2904:B. hunteri
2793:R. redunca
2694:Reduncinae
2645:O. gazella
2594:H. equinus
2520:O. pandora
2500:Odocoileus
2384:Ozotoceros
2240:Reindeer (
2185:H. inermis
2174:Hydropotes
2097:C. elaphus
2095:Red deer (
2037:R. alfredi
1954:Hog deer (
1812:M. reevesi
1785:M. muntjak
1615:T. kanchil
1582:M. meminna
1529:Hyemoschus
1519:Tragulidae
1476:M. cupreus
1394:G. giraffa
1340:Giraffidae
1291:Ruminantia
787:References
757:under the
747:Medziphema
700:Adi people
617:In culture
441:Bos taurus
316:Chittagong
281:Bangladesh
5546:Suborder
5456:Guanaco (
5428:Camelidae
5414:Suborder
5386:D. tajacu
5375:Dicotyles
5351:Catagonus
5338:T. pecari
5283:S. scrofa
5187:P. porcus
5176:Bushpig (
5044:Babyrousa
5020:Suborder
4917:C. weynsi
4908:C. spadix
4773:C. adersi
4694:O. ourebi
4628:N. batesi
4617:Neotragus
4586:M. kirkii
4388:N. granti
4353:Gerenuk (
4322:G. spekei
4286:G. dorcas
4143:Dibatag (
3930:S. caffer
3895:Pseudoryx
3882:B. taurus
3862:Banteng (
3837:B. gaurus
3766:Tamaraw (
3612:Chamois (
3594:Rupicapra
3581:P. nayaur
3557:O. vignei
3537:Mouflon (
3236:C. hircus
3225:Markhor (
3128:A. lervia
2893:Beatragus
2819:Aepyceros
2643:Gemsbok (
2636:O. dammah
2478:P. carlae
2371:M. temama
2362:M. rufina
2326:M. chunyi
2308:M. bororo
2198:Capreolus
2124:C. nippon
2115:C. hanglu
2002:Elaphurus
1947:A. kuhlii
1861:Elaphodus
1729:Muntiacus
1564:M. indica
1553:Moschiola
1485:M. fuscus
1428:Moschidae
1289:Suborder
1249:Kingdom:
1066:1011-2367
774:germplasm
647:does not
561:does not
532:sago palm
175:Species:
103:Kingdom:
97:Eukaryota
5798:14200675
5759:11037721
5672:Wikidata
5518:C. ferus
5474:VicuĂąa (
5467:L. pacos
5465:Alpaca (
5449:L. glama
5416:Tylopoda
4926:C. zebra
4854:C. niger
4428:Procapra
4206:Eudorcas
4182:Antilope
3919:Syncerus
3880:Cattle (
3873:B. mutus
3801:B. bison
3741:B. arnee
3702:Nilgai (
3579:Bharal (
3570:Pseudois
3530:O. dalli
3512:O. aries
3503:O. ammon
3501:Argali (
3453:Muskox (
3420:Oreamnos
3398:N. goral
3281:C. walie
3165:Budorcas
3102:Caprinae
3047:Caprinae
2902:Hirola (
2846:Peleinae
2828:Impala (
2733:K. leche
2731:Lechwe (
2627:O. beisa
2603:H. niger
2264:Taruca (
2231:Rangifer
2161:A. alces
2062:Sambar (
1989:R. eldii
1969:Rucervus
1927:Chital (
1719:Cervinae
1706:Cervidae
1667:Cervidae
1595:Tragulus
1269:Eutheria
1263:Mammalia
1257:Chordata
1255:Phylum:
1251:Animalia
1137:29048483
1084:25178382
1023:32686769
952:Volume 2
932:17560527
755:Nagaland
716:Nagaland
523:basins.
501:Nagaland
428:It is a
309:binomial
299:Taxonomy
265:Drung ox
215:Synonyms
143:Family:
127:Mammalia
117:Chordata
113:Phylum:
107:Animalia
93:Domain:
5785:1006259
5746:2441025
5630:Cetacea
5621:Cetacea
5489:Camelus
5447:Llama (
5327:Tayassu
5143:Porcula
4692:Oribi (
4683:Ourebia
4566:Madoqua
4551:Beira (
4472:Saigini
4379:N. dama
4257:Gazella
4106:Bovidae
4104:Family
4075:T. oryx
3995:Bongo (
3977:Nyala (
3904:Saola (
3826:Gayal (
3730:Bubalus
3645:Bovinae
3641:Bovidae
3639:Family
3555:Urial (
3245:C. ibex
3174:Takin (
3098:Bovidae
3096:Family
3059:Bovinae
2985:C. gnou
2764:Redunca
2676:Addax (
2560:Bovidae
2558:Family
2466:Pudella
2453:P. pudu
2344:M. nana
2159:Moose (
1929:A. axis
1896:D. dama
1758:M. feae
1704:Family
1679:Bovidae
1624:T. napu
1438:Moschus
1374:Giraffa
1359:Okapi (
1261:Class:
1240:species
1236:Extant
1128:5710521
1075:4150205
1014:7371690
993:Bibcode
985:Sci Rep
877:Bibcode
749:in the
727:Manipur
668:removed
653:sources
582:removed
567:sources
513:Chinese
497:Manipur
485:Mizoram
481:Tripura
471:, India
381:withers
287:and in
285:Myanmar
206:Lambert
163:Genus:
157:Bovinae
147:Bovidae
133:Order:
123:Class:
5837:473384
5772:183842
5733:328705
5707:511574
5678:Q45079
5034:Suidae
4635:Suni (
4368:Nanger
3853:Zebu (
3835:Gaur (
3720:Bovini
3444:Ovibos
2749:Puku (
2724:K. kob
2288:Mazama
2077:Cervus
1350:Okapia
1158:
1135:
1125:
1082:
1072:
1064:
1021:
1011:
930:
704:Lhobas
519:) and
515::
453:genome
430:hybrid
388:dewlap
361:cattle
289:Yunnan
273:cattle
269:mithun
208:, 1804
42:Gayal
32:Ghayal
5824:96935
5811:30520
5754:IRMNG
5720:5WP9P
5022:Suina
4505:Saiga
4446:Goa (
3965:kudus
3189:Capra
2856:Pelea
2722:Kob (
2704:Kobus
2667:Addax
2150:Alces
2104:Elk (
1199:Gayal
1185:Gayal
896:(PDF)
865:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
489:Assam
401:gaur.
395:horns
351:from
335:taxon
293:China
255:gayal
5850:2752
5806:NCBI
5767:ITIS
5741:GBIF
5702:BOLD
5628:see
5438:Lama
3492:Ovis
2616:Oryx
2432:Pudu
2026:Rusa
1918:Axis
1885:Dama
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