64:
458:
81:
777:
in north
Patagonia, both in Argentina and in Chile. The paintings are largely abstract and mostly consist of complex patterns of straight lines, with zig-zag lines, diamonds and triangles, and sometimes concentric circles. There is some figurative art showing humans and animals and the colour most
140:
The forest is divided into four regions; deciduous forest, Magellan forest, Valdivia forest and Del Pehuén. Rainfall is more plentiful in the Andean area than in other parts of
Patagonia and there are several lakes, reservoirs and hydro-electric projects within the forested area. There is also an
171:
move inland and precipitation is high at low altitudes in southern
Patagonia, making the fiord region one of the wettest places on earth outside the tropics, with rainfall topping 7,000 mm (276 in) per year in places. To the east of the Andes precipitation declines to nearly nil. In
172:
northern
Patagonia, the seasons vary as the anticyclone oscillates northwards in summer and southwards in winter. More frontal systems cross the coast during the winter and that is the season when most precipitation occurs on the western slopes of the mountains. Some places suffer prolonged
184:
and prevailing westerly winds help to reduce temperature variations and the mean air temperature is 12 °C (54 °F) at 36°S and is 6 °C (43 °F) at 55°S. On the eastern side of the mountains the temperature variations are much more severe and there is a more
176:
in summer, and further east, on the
Patagonian plateau, the air is no longer moist and little rain falls at any time of year. Over a west-east distance of 80 kilometres (50 mi), precipitation can fall from 2,000 mm (79 in) per year to 200 mm (8 in).
76:
The Bosque Andino Patagónico represents one of the few relatively undisturbed temperate forests that has been little changed by man. It occupies approximately 6.5 million hectares of land. It is culturally significant because of its archaeological and historical value.
104:
The Andean
Patagonian forest region is located between 37°S and 55°S latitude, and clothes both sides of the Cordillera. The forest extends for about 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) parallel to the Pacific coast, extending from just south of
163:
The climate of these forests is governed by atmospheric, topographical and oceanic factors. The prevailing westerly winds are laden with moisture and come from the
Pacific Ocean, being linked to the
272:
growing on the rocks and scree. Generally speaking soils in the northern
Argentine area are arranged in the following pattern by decreasing longitude and altitude lithosols,
854:
411:
The southern end of the forest is characterised by a colder, dry climate and the number of species growing here are more limited. The predominant tree is the evergreen
1116:
1101:
1067:
997:
941:
885:
1121:
481:), have an average rainfall of 4,000 mm (157 in) per year, and the impression is of jungle. Here the most common trees are the
246:
469:
The
Valdivian forest lies in a discontinuous belt on the west of the area. The precipitation is greater here. Some parts, such as at
1015:"Rock art in the mountain passes of the Andean-Patagonic Forest (the Manso, Lakes Region and Province of Rio Negro, Chile-Argentina"
602:). This area has been the location of much logging in the past. The understorey is scanty and consists of such shrubs as the bamboo
1096:
861:
452:
114:
1054:(2007). "Temperate Forest of the Southern Andean Region". In Veblen, Thomas T.; Young, Kenneth R.; Orme, Anthony R. (eds.).
1091:
663:
1013:
Podesta, Maria
Mercedes; Bellelli, Cristina; Labarca, Rafael; Albornoz, Ana M.; Vasini, Anabella; Tropea, Elena (2008).
1111:
1106:
698:
406:
121:. It is a narrow strip of land, with a maximum width of 75 km (47 mi), dwindling to zero in places near the
63:
141:
increase in population in nearby urban areas and greater tourism in the forest, resulting in increasing pollution.
427:). The understorey shrubs are similar to the deciduous forest apart from the absence of bamboo. There are also
97:
474:
357:). Underneath these large trees there is usually a lower layer which includes such shrubs and small trees as
1086:
1059:
989:
A Wildlife Guide to Chile: Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago
774:
578:
209:
and wind-redeposited ash deposits that can reach several meters in height. These kind of soils have high
706:
412:
366:
318:
778:
often used is different shades of red. The style of the work makes it likely to have been performed by
736:
647:
611:
522:
506:
382:
150:
820:
591:
538:
302:
250:
186:
130:
951:
889:
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731:
595:
482:
350:
310:
164:
106:
92:
1063:
993:
937:
931:
687:
655:
374:
358:
342:
285:
245:
develop, these soils are not restricted to old ash parent material but do also originate from
126:
987:
1051:
1028:
923:
750:
553:
436:
306:
230:
181:
158:
154:
118:
963:
779:
714:
671:
603:
390:
334:
514:
420:
1080:
927:
205:
that can allow the vegetation to withstand drought. These soils develop chiefly from
197:
Much of the soils around the Andes are derived from volcanic material. In this soils
168:
47:
39:
1033:
1014:
722:
470:
326:
214:
206:
122:
802:
457:
530:
462:
936:. Elsevier, Volume 11 of Developments in Quaternary Science. pp. 411–413.
1019:
888:(in Spanish). Bosques Nativos Argentinos para la Biodiversidad. Archived from
261:
198:
80:
56:
43:
260:
and contain little organic matter. Much of the ground here may be subject to
549:
478:
202:
134:
110:
86:
31:
27:
626:
The fauna of the Andean Patagonian forest region is very varied with many
783:
627:
582:), with a shell length of 6.5 cm (2.6 in), is also found here.
490:
432:
277:
257:
210:
35:
679:
561:
498:
301:
This is the easternmost and driest part of the forest and extends from
281:
273:
242:
234:
226:
222:
173:
639:
631:
569:
269:
218:
765:). There are many species of native fish in the lakes and rivers.
79:
62:
51:
325:), which is found typically in lower and damp locations, and the
265:
428:
590:
This region lies in the centre of the forest to the west of
548:
Mammals present in the Valdivian forest include an arboreal
26:, is a type of temperate to cold forest located in western
125:
and Santa Cruz Province. It is bounded to the east by the
54:. The flora is dominated by trees, usually of the genus
50:
which lose most of their moisture as they rise over the
241:
originate from recent ashes on ancient ashes brown and
860:(in Spanish). Government of Argentina. Archived from
697:
There is a wide range of bird life, ranging from the
309:. The three main species here are all deciduous, the
42:. The climate here is influenced by humid air masses
773:
Rock paintings have been found in the valley of the
461:
Valdivian vegetation around Termas Geométricas near
129:. Ecologically the forest have no equivalent in the
933:Understanding Climate from Patagonian Tree Rings
537:). There is a dense understorey of bamboos, the
757:), and there are also numerous lizards and the
284:. The last ones occur at the boundary with the
992:. Princeton University Press. pp. 52–61.
117:and to the island portion of the province of
8:
729:). Amphibians are represented by the toad (
180:On the western side of the Andes, the cold
256:In the high Andes, the soils are known as
1032:
917:
915:
568:), and South America's smallest cat, the
456:
794:
630:species. Predatory mammals include the
959:
949:
849:
1117:Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
823:. One Earth. Retrieved 24 April 2023.
397:), as well as a wide range of herbs.
165:South Pacific subtropical anticyclone
7:
1056:Physical Geography of South America
694:) and numerous species of rodents.
594:. The dominant species here is the
560:), the world's smallest deer, the
264:and the vegetation is scant, with
14:
333:). Other species present are the
419:), sometimes accompanied by the
67:Old-growth southern beech forest
1102:Flora of southern South America
1034:10.4067/S0718-22442008000200009
986:Sharon Chester, Sharon (2010).
453:Valdivian temperate rain forest
137:and environmental differences.
133:. This is indebted to distinct
1:
803:"Valdivian temperate forests"
201:has produced water-retentive
16:Forest in Chile and Argentina
233:usually developed on top of
217:. Locally they are known as
1122:Valdivian temperate forests
821:Valdivian Temperate Forests
699:black-chested buzzard-eagle
407:Magellanic subpolar forests
225:. Other soil types include
1138:
886:"Bosque Andino Patagónico"
855:"Bosque Andino Patagónico"
664:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk
450:
404:
148:
662:). Other mammals include
38:, at the southern end of
711:Campephilus magellanicus
703:Geranoaetus melanoleucus
431:with various species of
98:Nahuelbuta National Park
24:Patagonian Andean forest
20:Bosque Andino Patagónico
1097:Flora of southern Chile
1060:Oxford University Press
519:Pilgerodendron uviferum
435:and plants such as the
113:to the southern end of
809:. World Wildlife Fund.
807:Terrestrial Ecoregions
579:Macrocyclis peruvianus
466:
331:Austrocedrus chilensis
101:
68:
707:Magellanic woodpecker
692:Hippocamelus bisulcus
576:). The giant snail (
535:Saxegothaea conspicua
495:Fitzroya cupressoides
460:
417:Nothofagus betuloides
371:Aristotelia chilensis
323:Nothofagus antarctica
235:glacifluvial material
83:
66:
1092:Ecology of Patagonia
1062:. pp. 217–331.
922:Fidel A. Roig &
763:Tachymenis peruviana
741:Pleurodema bufoninum
737:large four-eyed frog
676:Dolichotis patagonum
668:Conepatus humboldtii
648:southern river otter
558:Dromiciops gliroides
545:), reeds and ferns.
527:Podocarpus nubigenus
511:Eucryphia cordifolia
387:Berberis microphylla
151:Climate of Argentina
976:Veblen 2007, p. 219
909:Veblen 2007, p. 217
755:Rhinoderma darwinii
660:Leopardus geoffroyi
612:box-leaved barberry
543:Fuchsia magellanica
383:box-leaved barberry
251:Chilean Coast Range
187:continental climate
131:northern hemisphere
115:Santa Cruz Province
1112:Flora of Argentina
1107:Flora of the Andes
759:Peru slender snake
746:Pleurodema bibroni
732:Rhinella spinulosa
719:Tachycineta meyeni
644:Lycalopex culpaeus
616:Berberis buxifolia
600:Araucaria araucana
491:Patagonian cypress
487:Nothofagus dombeyi
467:
355:Nothofagus obliqua
315:Nothofagus pumilio
102:
93:Nothofagus dombeyi
69:
1069:978-0-19-531341-3
1052:Veblen, Thomas T.
999:978-1-4008-3150-0
943:978-0-08-055889-9
727:Merganetta armata
688:south Andean deer
515:Guaitecas cypress
401:Magellanic forest
389:) and the bamboo
379:Berberis darwinii
375:Darwin's barberry
367:Chilean wineberry
363:Azara microphylla
347:Nothofagus alpina
286:Patagonian steppe
247:metamorphic rocks
127:Patagonian Desert
1129:
1073:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1010:
1004:
1003:
983:
977:
974:
968:
967:
961:
957:
955:
947:
924:Ricardo Villalba
919:
910:
907:
901:
900:
898:
897:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
866:
859:
851:
824:
817:
811:
810:
799:
780:hunter-gatherers
574:Leopardus guigna
554:monito del monte
503:Gevuina avellana
447:Valdivian forest
441:Drosera uniflora
413:Magellan's beech
327:mountain cypress
307:Tierra del Fuego
297:Deciduous forest
182:Humboldt Current
159:Drought in Chile
155:Climate of Chile
119:Tierra del Fuego
84:Mixed forest of
22:, also known as
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1077:
1076:
1070:
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985:
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920:
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908:
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895:
893:
884:
883:
879:
870:
868:
864:
857:
853:
852:
827:
819:Schipper, Jan.
818:
814:
801:
800:
796:
792:
771:
715:Chilean swallow
672:Patagonian mara
652:Lontra provocax
624:
608:Chusquea culeou
588:
455:
449:
409:
403:
395:Chusquea culeou
339:Lomatia hirsuta
319:Antarctic beech
299:
294:
195:
169:Frontal systems
161:
147:
135:biota histories
74:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:Andean forests
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1027:(2): 143–153.
1005:
998:
978:
969:
942:
911:
902:
877:
825:
812:
793:
791:
788:
770:
767:
656:Geoffroy's cat
623:
620:
587:
584:
451:Main article:
448:
445:
425:Drimys winteri
405:Main article:
402:
399:
298:
295:
293:
290:
243:red-clay soils
194:
191:
146:
143:
73:
70:
36:southern Chile
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1134:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
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1021:
1016:
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1001:
995:
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982:
979:
973:
970:
965:
953:
945:
939:
935:
934:
929:
925:
918:
916:
912:
906:
903:
892:on 2015-05-26
891:
887:
881:
878:
867:on 2011-09-03
863:
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826:
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798:
795:
789:
787:
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781:
776:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:Darwin's frog
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
684:Lama guanicoe
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Puma concolor
633:
629:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
583:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:southern pudú
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:hardy fuchsia
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:Chilean hazel
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
459:
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:sphagnum moss
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
408:
400:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:boxleaf azara
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
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308:
304:
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99:
95:
94:
89:
88:
82:
78:
71:
65:
61:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:Pacific Ocean
45:
41:
40:South America
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1055:
1045:Bibliography
1024:
1018:
1008:
988:
981:
972:
932:
905:
894:. Retrieved
890:the original
880:
869:. Retrieved
862:the original
815:
806:
797:
782:in the late
772:
762:
754:
744:
740:
730:
726:
723:torrent duck
718:
710:
702:
696:
691:
683:
675:
667:
659:
651:
643:
635:
625:
615:
607:
604:caña coligüe
599:
596:Chilean pine
589:
577:
573:
565:
557:
547:
542:
534:
531:female maniu
526:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
471:Puerto Blest
468:
440:
424:
416:
410:
394:
391:coligüe cane
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
300:
255:
238:
215:bulk density
207:volcanic ash
196:
179:
162:
139:
123:Chubut River
103:
91:
85:
75:
55:
34:and also in
23:
19:
18:
960:|work=
928:Rabassa, J.
351:roble beech
343:raulí beech
311:lenga beech
1081:Categories
1020:Magallania
896:2015-05-26
871:2015-05-28
790:References
721:) and the
654:) and the
610:) and the
586:Del Pehuén
529:) and the
349:) and the
262:permafrost
229:which are
221:which are
199:weathering
149:See also:
57:Nothofagus
962:ignored (
952:cite book
775:Rio Manso
713:) to the
566:Pudu puda
550:marsupial
479:Argentina
475:Rio Negro
473:near the
429:peat bogs
278:cambisols
258:lithosols
203:allophane
111:Argentina
87:Araucaria
72:Geography
46:from the
44:moving in
32:Argentina
28:Patagonia
926:(2011).
784:Holocene
769:Rock art
749:and the
523:podocarp
463:Coñaripe
282:regosols
274:andosols
237:. While
223:Andosols
213:and low
211:porosity
174:droughts
930:(ed.).
735:), the
686:), the
680:guanaco
678:), the
670:), the
646:), the
638:), the
628:endemic
592:Neuquén
521:), the
513:), the
505:), the
497:), the
489:), the
341:), the
317:), the
303:Neuquén
292:Regions
270:lichens
249:in the
239:trumaos
231:aquepts
145:Climate
107:Mendoza
100:, Chile
1066:
996:
940:
705:) and
640:culpeo
570:kodkod
552:, the
483:coihue
437:sundew
421:canelo
266:mosses
219:trumao
157:, and
865:(PDF)
858:(PDF)
786:era.
622:Fauna
335:radal
227:ñadis
193:Soils
52:Andes
1064:ISBN
994:ISBN
964:help
938:ISBN
632:puma
507:ulmo
280:and
268:and
90:and
1029:doi
743:),
618:).
443:).
373:),
365:),
305:to
109:in
96:in
60:.
30:in
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1058:.
1025:36
1023:.
1017:.
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950:{{
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