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1366:, said: "There is something phoney about this war." "Phoney War" customarily appears using the British spelling (with an 'e') even in North America, rather than adopt the American spelling, "Phony", although some American sources do not follow the pattern. The first known recorded use of the term in print was in September 1939 in a U.S. newspaper which used the British spelling. Other contemporaneous American usages specified "Phony" since both spellings were acceptable. In Great Britain, the term first appeared in print in January 1940.
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2400:"There is something phoney about this war," told questioners yesterday, explaining that he meant the comparative inactivity on the Western Front. "You would think," he continued, "that Britain and France would do what they are going to do now while Germany and Russia are still busy in the East, instead of waiting until they have cleaned up the eastern business." He did not expect an early end to hostilities.
1624:. The French Army had advanced to a depth of 8 km (5.0 miles) and captured about 20 villages evacuated by the German army, without any resistance. But the half-hearted offensive was halted after France seized the Warndt Forest, 7.8 km (3.0 sq mi) of heavily mined German territory. The Saar Offensive did not result in the diversion of any German troops from the Polish Front.
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air bombardment of
British cities. At that stage in the war, the combatants feared massive retaliation for attacking civilian targets. German pilots who bombed Scottish naval bases said they would have been court-martialed and executed if they bombed civilians. But both sides found that attacks on military targets, such as the British attack on Wilhelmshaven, could lead to high losses of aircraft.
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it's a world war after all. He sees it this way. England and France, it is true, are formally fulfilling their obligations to Poland. For a week they have been formally at war with
Germany. But has it been war? they ask. The British, it is true, sent over twenty-five planes to bomb Wilhelmshaven. But if it is war, why only twenty-five? And if it is war, why only a few leaflets over the
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1593:. The preliminary mobilization had occurred in France on 26 August. By 1 September, full mobilization was declared. The French forces were to gain control over the area between the French border and the German lines, and then to probe the German defenses. On the 15th day of the mobilization, the French Army was to start an all-out assault on Germany.
1848:
1279:, eliciting much debate in France and Britain about mounting an offensive to help Finland. However, the necessary forces for the offensive weren't assembled until after the Winter War concluded in March. The Allied discussions about a Scandinavian campaign triggered concern in Germany and resulted in the
1662:âthat the major offensive on the Western Front planned from 17 to 20 September had to be postponed. At the same time, French divisions were ordered to withdraw to their barracks along the Maginot Line. This quick cessation of fighting by the French contributed to the "Phoney War" characterization.
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Apparently the war in Poland is all but over. Most of the correspondents a bit depressed. Britain and France have done nothing on the western front to relieve the tremendous pressure on Poland.⊠One week after the Anglo-French declaration of a state of war the average German is beginning to wonder if
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When, on
September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, which Britain had pledged to defend, Britain declared war. But it did nothing to help Poland; for eight months, the conflict remained strictly the "Phoney War." In May 1940, in what the British press had taken to calling the "sitzkrieg" became
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In March 1939, Britain and France formalized plans for how they would conduct war against Nazi
Germany. Knowing their enemy would be more prepared and have land and air superiority, the Allies' strategy was to fight off any specific German aggressive actions, but to essentially maintain a defensive
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on 30 November 1939. Public opinion, particularly in France and
Britain, quickly sided with Finland and demanded action from their governments in support of "the brave Finns" against the much larger Soviet aggressors. The public believed that effective defense of the Finns was more achievable
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still hoped to persuade
Germany to agree to peace. Although London hospitals prepared for 300,000 casualties in the first week of the war (Britain and France did not realise that Germany used 90% of its frontline aircraft in the Polish invasion), Germany did not launch the expected full-scale
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proposed a ban on bombing raids which might endanger civilians, Britain and France agreed at once, and
Germany agreed two weeks later. The RAF therefore conducted a large number of combined reconnaissance and propaganda leaflet flights over Germany. These operations were jokingly termed "pamphlet
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Accordingly, the Allies first devised Plan E whereby they would advance into
Belgium as far as the Scheldt River, but after months of inactivity that the British press termed "sitzkrieg," a bolder Plan D emerged that called for an advance as far as the Dyle River, a few miles east of
1714:
should be bombed with incendiaries to burn its ammunition dumps, Wood amazed the MP by responding that the forest was "private property" and could not be bombed; neither could weapons factories, as the
Germans might do the same to England. In 1939, some officers of the
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After World War II, it was discovered that Nazi
Germany's armed forces were vulnerable throughout the September Campaign. They had not yet reached full fighting strength and might have succumbed to a determined opponent, or at least suffered serious damage. At the
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stated: "We soldiers had always expected an attack by France during the Polish campaign, and were very surprised that nothing happened.... A French attack would have encountered only a German military screen, not a real defense." According to General
2220:, hoping for territorial gains when France was defeated, entered the European war on 10 June 1940, although the thirty-two Italian divisions which crossed the border with France enjoyed little success against five defending French divisions.
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in April 1940. This caused the Allied troops previously earmarked for Finland to be redirected to Norway. Fighting there continued until June, when the Allies evacuated, ceding Norway to Germany in response to the German invasion of France.
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on 7 September was allegedly intended to assist Poland by diverting German troops from the Polish Front. But the half-hearted Saar operation fizzled out within days and France withdrew. In November 1939, the Soviets attacked Finland in the
1670:
In the war's early months, antagonism between the British and German populations was not as bitter as it would later become. British pilots mapped the Siegfried Line while German troops waved at them. On 30 April 1940 when a German
1792:. The Allies openly discussed a possible expedition to northern Scandinavia (even though they had not received a request or consent from the neutral Scandinavian countries) and the occupation of Norway. These developments alarmed the
1355:. Eventually, the Americanism "Phoney War" became the favoured phrase on both sides of the Atlantic. This term gained currency in the British Empire and Commonwealth in large part to avoid confusion with the South African conflict.
1405:, assumed the Allies would quickly undertake a significant Western Front offensive that would provide relief to the Polish forces in the East. However, the Poles' assumption was proven wrong by the passivity of the Phoney War.
89:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 marked the beginning of World War II. Within 48 hours, in fulfillment of their treaty obligations to Poland, the United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany.
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who were stationed in France tried to set up recreational hunting to pass the time. They imported packs of foxhounds and beagles, but were thwarted by French authorities who refused to make the countryside available.
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1683:âkilling its crew and injuring 160 people on the groundâthe German crew members were laid to rest in the local cemetery with RAF support. Wreaths with messages of sympathy were displayed on the coffins.
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was occupied in the attack on Poland, the French soldiers enjoyed a decisive numerical advantage along their border with Germany. Eleven French divisions advanced along a 32 km (20 miles) line near
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side during the Phoney period, Nazi Germany initiated attacks at sea in the autumn of 1939 and winter of 1940 against British aircraft carriers and destroyers, sinking several, including the carrier
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ordered his troops to stop no closer than 1 km (0.62 miles) from German positions along the Siegfried Line. Poland was not notified of this decision. Instead, Gamelin incorrectly informed
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was a principal pilot in both the destruction of the first German attacker over water and over British soil. McKellar (KIA 1 Nov. 1940) went on to be credited with 20 kills during the
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close to France. From there come most of the munitions that are blowing up Poland with such deadly effect. Yet not a bomb has fallen on a Rhineland factory. Is that war? they ask.
1241:. They meanwhile formulated elaborate plans for large-scale operations designed to cripple the German war effort. The plans included opening an Anglo-French front in the Balkans,
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commenced on 9 April. From the 14th, Allied troops were landed in Norway, but by the end of the month, southern parts of Norway were in German hands. The fighting continued in
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said that "if we did not collapse already in the year 1939 that was due only to the fact that during the Polish campaign, the approximately 110 French and British
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was won by 281 to 200, but many of Chamberlain's supporters had voted against him while others had abstained. Chamberlain found it impossible to continue to lead a
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posture. This would allow time for Britain and France to build up their own military resources and eventually attain economic and naval superiority over Germany.
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was debated. However, the British forces that were assembled to aid Finland were not dispatched in time before the Winter War ended. Instead, they were sent to
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1635:. It decided all offensive actions were to be halted immediately as the French opted to fight a defensive war, forcing the Germans to come to them. General
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In contrast to the lack of hostilities on land between the Allies and Germany, the fighting on the seas was real. On 3 September, the British liner
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People of Warsaw outside the British Embassy with a banner which says "Long live England!" just after the British declaration of war with Nazi Germany
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1977:. She went down in 15 minutes with the loss of 519 of her crew, including her captain. She was the first British warship to be lost in the war.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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on 18 December 1939 which resulted in the loss of 12 out of 22 Wellingtonsâled to the abandonment of daylight operations by RAF heavy bombers.
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To this end, Britain initially committed to sending two divisions to France, and two more eleven months later. The Polish Army's plan for defense,
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which was Germany's primary oil supplier. By April 1940, the execution of the Norway plan was considered, by itself, inadequate to stop the German
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was assigned to Berlin at the onset of World War II. In his diary entries on 9 and 10 September 1939, he wrote about the puzzlement felt by many:
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The invasion of France brought France and Britain into the war. For more than six months, the two sides sat idle â the British press called it
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2600:â as Germany sought to avoid war with Britain without ceding Poland. With war unavoidable, the Germans attacked France on May 10, 1940.
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with himself as the leader. So on 10 May, Chamberlain resigned the premiership but retained the leadership of the Conservative Party.
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1578:. The assault, whose strategic purpose was ostensibly to assist Poland, was stopped after a few kilometres and the French forces withdrew.
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a German blitzkrieg throughout Western Europe, Hitler-colluder-with-Chamberlain was replaced by Hitler-antagonist-of-Winston Churchill.
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to prevent her importing food and raw materials to sustain her war effort; the Germans immediately declared a counter-blockade, while
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port on the 4th of September, though this proved costly. There were occasional dogfights between fighter planes, and the RAF dropped
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to withdraw at least six divisions from Poland. The following day, the commander of the French Military Mission to Poland, General
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The Saar Offensive on 7 September was the one limited land action by the Allies during the Phoney War. The French attacked
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1540:, if the French had attacked in force in September 1939, the German army "could only have held out for one or two weeks."
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against weak German opposition. The assault was to have been carried out by roughly 40 divisions, including one
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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2078:" status by shooting down five Bf 109s; a feat accomplished by only 24 RAF pilots during the entire war.
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Although the Western Allies did not conduct major military actions during the Phoney War, they did implement
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3226:"Operation WeserĂŒbung (Unternehmen WeserĂŒbung) â The German invasion of Denmark and Norway; 9th April 1940"
1895:, became Chamberlain's successor. Churchill formed a new coalition government that included members of the
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Imlay, Talbot Charles (2004). "A reassessment of Anglo-French strategy during the Phoney War, 1939â1940".
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3268:"Osteel - Ein ostfriesisches Dorf im Zweiten Weltkrieg" Lars Zimmermann, Tredition 2016, 4. Luftangriffe.
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bombers were shot down without any ships being hit. Further ineffective anti-shipping raidsâsuch as the
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that half of his divisions were in contact with the enemy and that French advances had forced the
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resigned as Prime Minister of France, in part due to his failure to come to Finland's defense.
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2190:. However, there was considerable apprehension about German retaliation, and when President
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The Phoney War was also referred to as the "Twilight War" (by Winston Churchill) and as the
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in the West were held completely inactive against the 23 German divisions." General
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harbour to carry out repairs on the damage sustained during the battle. She was later
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2775:"This Day in History - September 3, 1939 - Britain and France declare war on Germany"
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2019:
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On 1 September 1939, the first day of the war, a German submarine sank the ship
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during which Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was under constant attack. A nominal
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On 4 September 1939, British bombs killed eleven German sailors on the cruiser
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As a consequence of its attack on Finland, the Soviet Union was expelled from the
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was to start preparations for a major offensive three days after the beginning of
2858:. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. xvâxvii – via Internet Archive.
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The quiet of the Phoney War was punctuated by a few isolated Allied actions. The
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The Popular Front and Central Europe: The Dilemmas of French Impotence 1918-1940
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supplies and gave a strong argument for Germany to secure the Norwegian coast.
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The Collapse of the Third Republic: An Inquiry into the Fall of France in 1940
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British Army and French Air Force personnel outside a dugout in France in 1939
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2908:"Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal"
2870:"Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal"
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2174:. En route, two destroyers were lost due to mines and friendly fire from the
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to help in its campaign against Germany. On 20 March, shortly after the
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2128:
2014:
1632:
1621:
1614:
1466:
1402:
1300:
1259:
1218:. Two days later, the "Phoney" period began with declarations of war by the
1141:
158:
4293:
2046:
over the firth. In a raid on Scapa Flow the next day, one Ju 88 was hit by
1503:
with the loss of 112 lives in what was to be the start of the lengthy
61:
3474:
2135:
believed, incorrectly, was awaiting her departure. The support vessel for
4277:
4005:
1996:
1799:
1788:
In February 1940, Norway became a focus of attention as evidenced by the
1617:
1571:
1500:
1348:
1246:
1242:
839:
1937:
in port Wilhelmshaven. On that same date, RAF daylight bombing raids on
17:
3091:
2830:
2571:
Patricia S. Daniels; Stephen Garrison Hyslop; Douglas Brinkley (2006).
2094:
1847:
1743:
1250:
111:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
27:
Initial months of WWII, during which minimal actual warfare took place
4894:
2260:
Perhaps because of mishearing or a mistranslation, French journalist
2023:
1992:
1915:
Throughout the Phoney War, most of the military clashes, such as the
1763:
1747:
than what had been provided for the Poles in the September Campaign.
1343:"Bore War" was the initial term used by the British. It was likely a
1223:
2148:
was captured by the Royal Navy in February 1940 in southern Norway.
1513:
the Soviet Union helped Germany with supplies bypassing the blockade
1383:
created by the British press). In French, it is referred to as the
1358:
Credit for coining "Phoney War" is generally given to U.S. Senator
5082:
2264:
or other French sources read the English "phoney" as "funny." See
1846:
1685:
1680:
1597:
1553:
1470:
1416:
142:
1798:
and the Nazi government. Such an expedition would threaten their
1907:, as well as several ministers from a non-political background.
1891:, who had been a consistent opponent of Chamberlain's policy of
1441:
invasion of Poland, the assault was called off. In the air, the
1438:
1362:
who, commenting in September 1939 on the inactivity on the
86:
3489:
3485:
3280:
Air Force Blue: The RAF in World War Two â Spearhead of Victory
570:
162:
2823:
Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent 1934-1941
2360:
McNaughton, Frank (19 September 1939). Edward T. Leech (ed.).
2058:
plane to be shot down on the British mainland was a He 111 at
2005:. The death toll reached 833 men, including Rear-Admiral
1429:
was engaged in Poland, a much smaller German force manned the
1344:
1316:
was not involved militarily in the European war at this time.
42:
2210:, marking the end of the Phoney War and the beginning of the
3087:"British newsreel 1940: Heinkel 111 crash at Clacton on Sea"
1821:
until the Allies evacuated in early June in response to the
2615:
Champagne and Meatballs: Adventures of a Canadian Communist
1226:
against Germany, but with little actual warfare occurring.
2738:
Marshal Edward ĆmigĆy-Rydz Rydz and the Defense of Poland
2182:
British war planning had called for a "knockout blow" by
1304:
launched air raids on British warships. There were minor
2531:
Fort Eben Emael: The key to Hitler's victory in the west
1964:
On 17 September 1939, the British aircraft carrier
3220:
3218:
1600:
river valley area began on 7 September. Since the
32:"Bore War" redirects here. Not to be confused with the
4147:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
3361:. Peak District Air Accident Research. 3 August 2016.
2966:"The Saar Offensive 1939: When France invaded Germany"
2042:
Squadrons succeeded in shooting down two Ju 88s and a
1855:
poster of a type that was common during the Phoney War
1919:, occurred at sea. Among the notable incidents were:
2618:. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press. p. 17.
82:
6522:
6250:
6091:
5909:
5668:
5520:
5458:
5362:
5353:
5234:
4960:
4870:
4711:
4414:
4405:
4163:
3988:
3841:
3603:
3596:
2703:. London: Naval & Military Press. p. 5.
2664:. London: Naval & Military Press. p. 4.
1469:? The industrial heart of Germany lies along the
3026:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 294â295.
2983:Shirer, William L (1971). "La DrĂŽle de Guerre".
2131:rather than face a large British fleet that the
2009:, commander of the 2nd Battleship Division.
1980:On 14 October 1939, the British battleship
2195:raids" or "Confetti War" in the British press.
1462:
1335:, the Phoney War ended and the real war began.
1321:German invasion of France and the Low Countries
1298:. Aerial combat began in October 1939 when the
2919:. NĂŒremberg. 1948. p. 519. Archived from
2881:. NĂŒremberg. 1948. p. 350. Archived from
2844:
2842:
2840:
2355:
2353:
2186:of German industry with the RAF's substantial
1507:. On 4 September, the Allies announced a
107:accompanying your translation by providing an
73:Click for important translation instructions.
60:expand this article with text translated from
3501:
3282:. London: William Collins. pp. 117â119.
3071:. Aircrew Remembrance Society. Archived from
1245:to seize control of Germany's main source of
1198:) was an eight-month period at the outset of
582:
174:
8:
2577:. National Geographic Society. p. 297.
2574:National Geographic Almanac of World History
1384:
1376:
1370:
2469:(Updated and expanded ed.). New York:
2420:(Updated and expanded ed.). New York:
1930:, killing 117 civilian passengers and crew.
1210:. WWII began on 1 September 1939 with
5359:
4411:
3600:
3508:
3494:
3486:
3316:RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War
3185:"USSR expelled from the League of Nations"
3114:. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. p. 29.
3069:"30.04.1940 3./KGr.126 Heinkel He 111 H-4"
1331:in that same month along with the massive
1323:on 10 May 1940, and the ascension of
589:
575:
567:
181:
167:
159:
3410:The Second World War: A Narrative History
6811:Western European theatre of World War II
3412:. London: Cassell & Co. p. 58.
3335:. DeltaWeb International. Archived from
3141:(1992) pp. 108â109, Guinness Publishing
2324:. Oxford University Press. p. 199.
1481:in Poland, the British government under
3139:The Guinness Book of Military Anecdotes
2786:
2784:
2283:
2253:
1445:(RAF) launched a bombing raid over the
5340:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3395:
3383:
3302:
3209:
3197:
3046:
3007:
1987:was sunk in the British fleet base at
1945:proved a costly failure. Seven of the
1613:, three mechanised divisions, 78
6846:Diplomatic crises of the 20th century
6218:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
5643:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
5289:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
5245:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4343:Rape during the occupation of Germany
3365:from the original on 19 February 2012
3333:The Spitfire â An Operational History
2964:Drescher, Nathan (21 December 2023).
2759:Richie, Alexandra (17 October 2023).
2717:from the original on 13 February 2022
2678:from the original on 13 February 2022
2321:Britain's War: Into Battle, 1937-1941
1778:German invasion of Denmark and Norway
1281:German invasion of Denmark and Norway
1202:during which there were virtually no
7:
5333:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4358:Rape during the liberation of France
3165:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc. 2016
2362:"Roosevelt Deplores German Bombings"
3444:
3432:
2528:Dunstan, Simon (20 November 2012).
1574:, which was defended by the German
1375:("the sitting war": a word play on
5559:German invasion of the Netherlands
3832:Weather events during World War II
2612:Bert Whyte; Larry Hannant (2011).
2390:from the original on 17 March 2022
1756:proposed Franco-British expedition
25:
6831:Wars involving the United Kingdom
6197:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2509:from the original on 2 April 2013
2338:from the original on 5 April 2024
6757:
3473:
3461:L'armĂ©e du sacrifice (1939â1940)
3250:from the original on 7 June 2016
2798:. 8 October 1980. Archived from
2777:. History.com. 1 September 2020.
2018:air raids on England began when
1629:Anglo-French Supreme War Council
1206:military land operations on the
47:
2166:destroyer flotilla embarked on
1631:gathered for the first time at
1456:The U.S. foreign correspondent
1351:fought four decades earlier in
155:in France during the Phoney War
6444:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
4140:Territorial changes of Germany
4048:Indonesian National Revolution
2700:The war in France and Flanders
2661:The war in France and Flanders
117:You may also add the template
1:
5837:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5788:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
5552:German invasion of Luxembourg
3926:Mediterranean and Middle East
2987:. Pocket Books. p. 511.
2825:. New York: Popular Library.
2467:Safire's Political Dictionary
2418:Safire's Political Dictionary
2081:In December 1939, the German
2022:attacked British warships at
379:Mediterranean and Middle East
5744:Invasion of the Soviet Union
5433:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
4744:Independent State of Croatia
3187:. History.com. 22 June 2024.
3112:Pillar of Fire: Dunkirk 1940
2736:Seidner, Stanley S. (1978).
2453:"This is not a phoney war".
2374:: Pittsburgh Press Company.
2162:On 19 February 1940, a
2050:, crashing on the island of
1837:Change of British government
1523:, German military commander
1389:("funny" or "strange" war).
1237:, and they shut down German
360:Manchuria and Northern Korea
6735:End of World War II in Asia
6575:Western invasion of Germany
6082:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
6059:Second Battle of El Alamein
5622:Hundred Regiments Offensive
5594:Battle of the Mediterranean
5447:Italian invasion of Albania
3614:Air warfare of World War II
2821:Shirer, William L. (1961).
2763:. The National WWII Museum.
1717:British Expeditionary Force
1558:A French soldier outside a
153:British Expeditionary Force
119:{{Translated|de|Sitzkrieg}}
6862:
6661:Naval bombardment of Japan
6022:First Battle of El Alamein
5941:Battle of Christmas Island
5886:Japanese invasion of Burma
5650:Italian invasion of Greece
5566:German invasion of Belgium
5538:German invasion of Denmark
5511:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
5380:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
3637:Comparative military ranks
2457:. London. 19 January 1940.
1840:
1811:German invasion of Denmark
1781:
1770:concluded the Winter War,
1727:
1708:Secretary of State for Air
1627:On 12 September, the
1547:
1268:French invasion of Germany
1157:Raids on the Atlantic Wall
1152:Strategic Bombing Campaign
81:Machine translation, like
31:
6750:
6582:BratislavaâBrno offensive
6513:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
6137:Allied invasion of Sicily
5990:Aleutian Islands campaign
5962:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5900:Greek famine of 1941â1944
5795:Second Battle of Changsha
5700:German invasion of Greece
5545:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
3880:North and Central Pacific
3523:
2505:. History Learning Site.
2461:Safire, William (2008) .
2412:Safire, William (2008) .
2293:English Historical Review
2117:Battle of the River Plate
2083:Deutschland-class cruiser
2012:On 16 October 1939,
1861:Allied campaign in Norway
1853:Ministry of Home Security
1823:German invasion of France
1566:during the Saar Offensive
1409:German invasion of Poland
1235:naval blockade of Germany
608:
199:
62:the corresponding article
6816:Politics of World War II
6174:Allied invasion of Italy
6151:Solomon Islands campaign
5893:Third Battle of Changsha
5490:First Battle of Changsha
5396:Second Sino-Japanese War
4329:German military brothels
4195:United States war crimes
3278:Bishop, Patrick (2017).
2761:"The Invasion of Poland"
1959:Wilhelmshaven naval base
365:pre-war border conflicts
6596:Second Guangxi campaign
6451:Philippines (1944â1945)
5948:Battle of the Coral Sea
5851:Fall of the Philippines
5497:Battle of South Guangxi
5403:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4802:Italian Social Republic
3163:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3020:Jordan, Nicole (2002).
2471:Oxford University Press
2422:Oxford University Press
2367:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
2318:Todman, Daniel (2016).
2305:10.1093/EHR/119.481.333
1833:at midnight on 9 June.
128:For more guidance, see
6821:Wars involving Denmark
6181:Armistice of Cassibile
5976:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5927:Battle of the Java Sea
5830:Attack on Pearl Harbor
5730:SyriaâLebanon campaign
5723:Battle of South Shanxi
5693:Invasion of Yugoslavia
5476:Battle of the Atlantic
5090:Korean Liberation Army
4796:(until September 1943)
4753:(until September 1944)
4731:(until September 1944)
3110:Atkin, Ronald (1990).
1917:Battle of the Atlantic
1856:
1691:
1583:Franco-Polish Alliance
1567:
1505:Battle of the Atlantic
1499:was torpedoed off the
1475:
1422:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1329:British Prime Minister
1310:reconnaissance flights
1195:
1182:
156:
6826:Wars involving France
6345:Second Battle of Guam
6241:Bengal famine of 1943
6211:Second Battle of Kiev
6167:Battle of the Dnieper
6036:Kokoda Track campaign
5865:Battle of Wake Island
5737:East African campaign
5679:Battle of South Henan
5324:atrocities by Germans
5097:Korean Volunteer Army
4071:Occupation of Germany
3825:Music in World War II
3075:on 24 September 2017.
2697:Ellis, L. F. (2004).
2658:Ellis, L. F. (2004).
2192:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1850:
1689:
1596:The offensive in the
1557:
1420:
850:Battle of Britain Day
290:Yugoslavian Partisans
146:
130:Knowledge:Translation
101:copyright attribution
6631:Surrender of Germany
6109:Battle of West Hubei
6066:Guadalcanal campaign
6029:Battle of Stalingrad
5955:Battle of Madagascar
4722:Albania protectorate
4509:(formerly Swaziland)
4218:Wehrmacht war crimes
4034:Expulsion of Germans
3818:Art and World War II
3716:British contribution
3665:Governments in exile
3482:at Wikimedia Commons
3359:"Junkers Ju88 4D+EK"
3329:"1939 â Into Action"
2090:was attacked by the
1885:coalition government
1831:laid down their arms
1807:Operation WeserĂŒbung
1696:Member of Parliament
1147:Defence of the Reich
628:The Heligoland Bight
6721:Potsdam Declaration
6610:Italy (Spring 1945)
6373:Liberation of Paris
5823:Siege of Sevastopol
4834:(until August 1944)
4737:Wang Jingwei regime
4559:from September 1943
4519:from September 1944
4457:from September 1944
4317:Romanian war crimes
4308:Persecution of Jews
4294:Croatian war crimes
4264:Japanese war crimes
4078:Occupation of Japan
4027:First Indochina War
3739:Military production
3651:Declarations of war
3318:(1995) chap. 3
3240:"Winston Churchill"
3200:, pp. 534â535.
3159:"Russo-Finnish War"
3058:Regan, pp. 198â199.
2916:Library of Congress
2878:Library of Congress
2241:Why Die for Danzig?
1995:(north of mainland
1881:National Government
1859:The debacle of the
1829:in mainland Norway
1768:Moscow Peace Treaty
1509:blockade of Germany
1486:Neville Chamberlain
1451:propaganda leaflets
1136:Strategic campaigns
739:YpresâComines Canal
6714:Surrender of Japan
6547:Battle of Iwo Jima
6396:Belgrade offensive
5802:Siege of Leningrad
5686:Battle of Shanggao
5615:British Somaliland
5580:Dunkirk evacuation
5531:Norwegian campaign
5469:Invasion of Poland
5296:Japanese prisoners
4257:Italian war crimes
4188:British war crimes
4103:Soviet occupations
3887:South-West Pacific
3774:Allied cooperation
3732:Military equipment
3463:, Guy Victor, 1965
3459:Pierre Porthault,
3408:Ray, John (2000).
2740:. pp. 89â91.
2266:fr:DrĂŽle de guerre
2168:Operation Wikinger
2048:anti-aircraft fire
1951:Vickers Wellington
1873:vote of confidence
1857:
1784:Norwegian campaign
1692:
1675:bomber crashed at
1660:WacĆaw Stachiewicz
1654:, told the Polish
1644:Edward Rydz-ĆmigĆy
1568:
1560:Reichskolonialbund
1538:Siegfried Westphal
1479:September Campaign
1425:While most of the
1423:
1333:Dunkirk evacuation
1249:, and imposing an
1216:invasion of Poland
1162:Battle of Atlantic
492:French West Africa
333:South West Pacific
241:Denmark and Norway
157:
109:interlanguage link
6806:Conflicts in 1940
6801:Conflicts in 1939
6788:
6787:
6746:
6745:
6589:Battle of Okinawa
6488:Burma (1944â1945)
6322:Mariana and Palau
6102:Tunisian campaign
5920:Fall of Singapore
5844:Fall of Hong Kong
5587:Battle of Britain
5440:Operation Himmler
5349:
5348:
5013:Dutch East Indies
4649:Southern Rhodesia
4401:
4400:
4301:Genocide of Serbs
4204:German war crimes
4181:Soviet war crimes
4174:Allied war crimes
4020:Division of Korea
3999:Chinese Civil War
3797:Strategic bombing
3709:Manhattan Project
3478:Media related to
3447:, pp. 75â77.
3435:, pp. 61â63.
3419:978-0-304-35673-7
3289:978-0-00-743313-1
3099:on 1 August 2019.
2796:Markville History
2792:"The Phoney War!"
2625:978-1-926836-08-9
2584:978-0-7922-5911-4
2545:978-1-78200-692-3
2536:Osprey Publishing
2480:978-0-19-534334-2
2431:978-0-19-534334-2
2331:978-0-19-062180-3
2184:strategic bombing
2152:Battles of Narvik
2137:Admiral Graf Spee
2121:Admiral Graf Spee
2087:Admiral Graf Spee
2072:Battle of Britain
1889:Winston Churchill
1883:or to form a new
1752:League of Nations
1738:started with the
1620:and 40 tank
1581:According to the
1325:Winston Churchill
1200:World War II
1170:
1169:
564:
563:
485:Strategic bombing
401:Mediterranean Sea
141:
140:
74:
70:
16:(Redirected from
6853:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6764:World portal
6762:
6761:
6737:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6684:
6677:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6649:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6624:Prague offensive
6619:
6617:Battle of Berlin
6612:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6561:Vienna offensive
6556:
6549:
6542:
6540:Battle of Manila
6535:
6515:
6506:
6497:
6490:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
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6439:
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6299:
6290:
6283:
6281:KorsunâCherkassy
6276:
6265:
6243:
6234:
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6220:
6213:
6206:
6199:
6192:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6123:Bombing of Gorky
6118:
6111:
6104:
6084:
6077:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6045:
6038:
6031:
6024:
6017:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5983:Battle of Midway
5978:
5971:
5969:Battle of Gazala
5964:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5879:Battle of Borneo
5874:
5872:Malayan campaign
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5816:Bombing of Gorky
5811:
5809:Battle of Moscow
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5709:
5702:
5695:
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5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5617:
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5603:
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5575:
5573:Battle of France
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5426:Munich Agreement
5421:
5414:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5382:
5375:
5360:
5342:
5335:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5311:Soviet prisoners
5305:
5298:
5291:
5282:
5275:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5251:German prisoners
5247:
5227:
5218:
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4797:
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4782:
4780:French Indochina
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4704:
4695:
4688:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4627:from August 1944
4618:
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4604:
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4271:Nanjing Massacre
4266:
4259:
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4248:Nuremberg trials
4241:
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4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3981:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3852:Asia and Pacific
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3781:Mulberry harbour
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3623:
3616:
3601:
3589:
3582:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3487:
3477:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3325:
3319:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3149:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3095:. Archived from
3083:
3077:
3076:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2961:
2955:
2947:The World at War
2944:"France Falls".
2942:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2925:
2912:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2874:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2846:
2835:
2834:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2503:"The Phoney War"
2499:
2493:
2492:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2299:(481): 333â372.
2288:
2272:
2270:
2258:
2235:Western betrayal
2212:Battle of France
2156:Altmark Incident
1947:Bristol Blenheim
1943:Heligoland Bight
1941:warships in the
1869:House of Commons
1827:Norwegian forces
1790:Altmark Incident
1772:Ădouard Daladier
1521:Nuremberg trials
1393:Pre-war planning
1388:
1382:
1374:
1231:economic warfare
1190:
999:Atlantic Pockets
603:
599:Western Front of
591:
584:
577:
568:
551:French Indochina
194:
183:
176:
169:
160:
120:
114:
87:Google Translate
72:
68:
51:
50:
43:
21:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6756:
6754:
6742:
6733:
6726:
6719:
6712:
6703:
6696:
6689:
6680:
6675:Atomic bombings
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6636:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6552:
6545:
6538:
6531:
6518:
6511:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6433:
6424:
6417:
6408:
6401:
6394:
6387:
6378:
6371:
6366:Eastern Romania
6364:
6359:Warsaw Uprising
6357:
6352:Tannenberg Line
6350:
6343:
6338:Western Ukraine
6336:
6327:
6320:
6311:
6302:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6268:
6259:
6246:
6239:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6130:Battle of Kursk
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6087:
6080:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6011:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5934:St Nazaire Raid
5932:
5925:
5918:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5779:
5772:
5758:
5749:
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5716:Anglo-Iraqi War
5714:
5707:Battle of Crete
5705:
5698:
5691:
5684:
5677:
5664:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5636:Eastern Romania
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5454:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5378:
5371:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5322:
5315:
5310:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5278:
5271:
5262:
5255:
5250:
5243:
5230:
5223:
5214:
5207:
5202:
5197:Western Ukraine
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5141:Northeast China
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4840:Slovak Republic
4838:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4811:Empire of Japan
4809:
4800:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4727:
4720:
4707:
4700:
4691:
4684:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4513:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4397:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4356:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4323:Sexual violence
4322:
4315:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4092:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4053:
4046:
4041:Greek Civil War
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3984:
3977:
3968:
3961:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3866:South-East Asia
3864:
3857:
3850:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3725:Military awards
3723:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3519:
3514:
3470:
3456:
3454:Further reading
3451:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3420:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3368:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3339:on 16 July 2011
3327:
3326:
3322:
3314:Denis Richards
3313:
3309:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3277:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3253:
3251:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2943:
2939:
2929:
2927:
2926:on 18 July 2023
2923:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2889:
2888:on 18 July 2023
2885:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2848:
2847:
2838:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2802:on 7 April 2022
2790:
2789:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2672:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2638:
2636:
2626:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2546:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2481:
2473:. p. 539.
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2432:
2424:. p. 539.
2411:
2410:
2406:
2393:
2391:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2332:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2262:Roland DorgelĂšs
2259:
2255:
2250:
2226:
2068:Archie McKellar
1913:
1865:a heated debate
1845:
1839:
1786:
1780:
1732:
1726:
1668:
1637:Maurice Gamelin
1552:
1546:
1443:Royal Air Force
1411:
1395:
1386:drĂŽle de guerre
1341:
1312:on both sides.
1243:invading Norway
1239:surface raiders
1233:, especially a
1186:
1183:DrĂŽle de guerre
1171:
1166:
893:St Nazaire Raid
845:The Hardest Day
712:Fort Eben-Emael
698:Rotterdam Blitz
656:The Netherlands
604:
600:
597:
595:
565:
560:
447:Other campaigns
441:Southern France
350:Burma and India
345:South-East Asia
340:Franco-Thai War
195:
189:
187:
149:8-inch howitzer
137:
136:
135:
118:
112:
75:
52:
48:
41:
38:Second Boer War
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6859:
6857:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6841:1940 in Europe
6838:
6836:1939 in Europe
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6793:
6792:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6768:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6744:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6694:
6691:South Sakhalin
6687:
6686:
6685:
6671:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6491:
6484:
6483:
6482:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6431:
6422:
6415:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6334:
6325:
6318:
6309:
6300:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6266:
6256:
6254:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6228:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6170:
6163:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6116:Battle of Attu
6112:
6105:
6097:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6078:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6009:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5915:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5861:
5858:Battle of Guam
5854:
5847:
5840:
5833:
5826:
5819:
5812:
5805:
5798:
5791:
5784:
5781:Battle of Kiev
5777:
5770:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5740:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5526:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5464:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5399:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5368:
5366:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5308:
5307:
5306:
5292:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:United Kingdom
5276:
5269:
5268:
5267:
5248:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5212:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5093:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4966:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4747:
4740:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4677:British Empire
4670:United Kingdom
4666:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4511:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4486:Czechoslovakia
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4418:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4386:
4383:Rape of Manila
4379:
4372:
4365:
4354:
4339:
4332:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4221:
4214:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4154:United Nations
4150:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4099:
4090:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4013:Decolonization
4009:
4002:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3922:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3705:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3686:United Kingdom
3682:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3532:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3469:
3468:External links
3466:
3465:
3464:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3418:
3400:
3398:, p. 121.
3388:
3386:, p. 116.
3376:
3350:
3320:
3307:
3305:, p. 128.
3295:
3288:
3270:
3261:
3231:
3214:
3212:, p. 534.
3202:
3190:
3176:
3150:
3135:Geoffrey Regan
3127:
3120:
3102:
3078:
3060:
3051:
3049:, p. 514.
3039:
3032:
3012:
3010:, p. 512.
3000:
2993:
2975:
2956:
2937:
2899:
2861:
2836:
2813:
2780:
2766:
2751:
2728:
2709:
2689:
2670:
2650:
2624:
2604:
2583:
2563:
2544:
2538:. p. 33.
2520:
2494:
2479:
2455:News-Chronicle
2445:
2430:
2404:
2349:
2330:
2310:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2230:Operation Pike
2225:
2222:
2188:Bomber Command
2180:
2179:
2160:
2079:
2074:, as well as "
2044:Heinkel He 111
2028:Firth of Forth
2020:Junkers Ju 88s
2010:
2007:Henry Blagrove
1978:
1962:
1931:
1912:
1909:
1841:Main article:
1838:
1835:
1782:Main article:
1779:
1776:
1742:'s assault on
1728:Main article:
1725:
1722:
1677:Clacton-on-Sea
1673:Heinkel He 111
1667:
1664:
1656:Chief of Staff
1550:Saar Offensive
1548:Main article:
1545:
1544:Saar Offensive
1542:
1533:Wilhelm Keitel
1483:Prime Minister
1458:William Shirer
1435:Saar Offensive
1431:Siegfried Line
1410:
1407:
1394:
1391:
1340:
1337:
1220:United Kingdom
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
979:
974:
969:
962:
957:
955:HĂŒrtgen Forest
952:
945:
940:
938:Siegfried Line
935:
928:
921:
914:
903:
902:
901:
900:
895:
888:Commando Raids
885:
883:Baedeker Blitz
880:
873:
860:
859:
852:
847:
842:
837:
824:
823:
822:
821:
811:
804:
799:
794:
793:
792:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
742:
741:
736:
731:
726:
719:
714:
701:
700:
695:
690:
688:The Grebbeberg
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
652:
651:
638:
637:
630:
625:
620:
609:
606:
605:
596:
594:
593:
586:
579:
571:
562:
561:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
516:Baltic Nations
507:
506:
505:
504:
494:
489:
488:
487:
477:
472:
467:
462:
461:
460:
444:
443:
438:
433:
432:
431:
426:
421:
413:
408:
403:
398:
397:
396:
391:
375:
374:
369:
368:
367:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
336:
335:
325:
312:
311:
310:
309:
299:
294:
293:
292:
282:
277:
276:
275:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
243:
238:
237:
236:
231:
226:
216:
211:
200:
197:
196:
188:
186:
185:
178:
171:
163:
139:
138:
134:
133:
126:
115:
93:
90:
79:
76:
69:(January 2024)
57:
56:
55:
53:
46:
34:First Boer War
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6858:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6780:
6776:
6773:
6769:
6766:
6765:
6760:
6753:
6752:
6749:
6736:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6698:Kuril Islands
6695:
6692:
6688:
6683:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6672:
6669:
6665:
6662:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6644:
6639:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6611:
6607:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6593:
6590:
6586:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6565:
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6530:
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6527:
6525:
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6514:
6510:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6485:
6480:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6465:Syrmian Front
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6437:
6432:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6413:
6412:
6411:Market Garden
6407:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6282:
6278:
6275:
6271:
6270:Monte Cassino
6267:
6264:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6249:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6222:
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6219:
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6208:
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6198:
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6178:
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6171:
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6160:
6155:
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6145:
6141:
6138:
6134:
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6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6099:
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6094:
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6083:
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6023:
6019:
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6001:
5998:
5994:
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5991:
5987:
5984:
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5977:
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5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
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5942:
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5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5908:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5824:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5792:
5789:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5761:
5757:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5738:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5687:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5633:
5630:
5629:Baltic states
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5281:
5277:
5274:
5273:United States
5270:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5209:Quá»c dĂąn ÄáșŁng
5206:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4909:Liechtenstein
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4862:
4861:Collaboration
4858:
4855:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4703:
4699:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:United States
4683:
4678:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:Comfort women
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4360: /
4359:
4355:
4352:
4349: /
4348:
4345: /
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:Camp brothels
4333:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:The Holocaust
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4211:forced labour
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4065:
4064:Marshall Plan
4061:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3918:
3917:Eastern Front
3914:
3911:
3910:Western Front
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3804:Puppet states
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3746:Naval history
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3693:United States
3690:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
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3530:
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3511:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3492:
3491:
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3481:
3476:
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3467:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3249:
3245:
3244:biography.com
3241:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3147:0-85112-519-0
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3123:
3121:1-84158-078-3
3117:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3055:
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3048:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2979:
2976:
2971:
2970:History Guild
2967:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2903:
2900:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:Inside Europe
2851:
2850:Gunther, John
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2801:
2797:
2793:
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2770:
2767:
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2647:
2635:
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2608:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2586:
2580:
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2564:
2560:
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2551:
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2541:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2508:
2504:
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2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2468:
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2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:. p. 8.
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2356:
2354:
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1361:
1360:William Borah
1356:
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1314:Fascist Italy
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819:Haddock Force
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190:Campaigns of
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63:
58:You can help
54:
45:
44:
39:
35:
30:
19:
6772:Bibliography
6755:
6568:Project Hula
6533:VistulaâOder
6502:
6435:
6426:
6410:
6380:
6329:
6313:
6304:
6295:
6261:
6158:
6073:
6049:
6012:
5763:
5656:
5601:North Africa
5482:
5303:Soviet Union
5257:Soviet Union
5183:Soviet Union
4951:Vatican City
4854:Vichy France
4759:German Reich
4656:Soviet Union
4642:South Africa
4635:Sierra Leone
4588:Newfoundland
4407:Participants
4390:Marocchinate
4094:
4085:
4055:
3933:North Africa
3894:Indian Ocean
3753:Nazi plunder
3644:Cryptography
3517:World War II
3460:
3440:
3428:
3409:
3403:
3391:
3379:
3367:. Retrieved
3353:
3341:. Retrieved
3337:the original
3332:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3298:
3279:
3273:
3264:
3252:. Retrieved
3243:
3234:
3205:
3193:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3162:
3153:
3138:
3130:
3111:
3105:
3097:the original
3090:
3081:
3073:the original
3063:
3054:
3042:
3022:
3015:
3003:
2984:
2978:
2969:
2959:
2945:
2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2914:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2883:the original
2876:
2864:
2854:
2822:
2816:
2804:. Retrieved
2800:the original
2795:
2769:
2754:
2737:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2699:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2660:
2653:
2644:
2639:10 September
2637:. Retrieved
2614:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2590:10 September
2588:. Retrieved
2573:
2566:
2557:
2530:
2523:
2511:. Retrieved
2497:
2466:
2454:
2448:
2417:
2407:
2399:
2392:. Retrieved
2376:United Press
2365:
2340:. Retrieved
2320:
2313:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2256:
2239:
2216:
2197:
2181:
2175:
2164:Kriegsmarine
2163:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2133:Kriegsmarine
2132:
2120:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2086:
2076:ace in a day
2064:East Lothian
2055:
2054:. The first
2013:
2001:
1983:
1973:
1971:was sunk by
1967:
1939:Kriegsmarine
1938:
1934:
1926:
1914:
1858:
1804:
1795:Kriegsmarine
1793:
1787:
1758:to northern
1749:
1740:Soviet Union
1733:
1712:Black Forest
1693:
1669:
1647:
1626:
1601:
1595:
1591:mobilization
1580:
1572:the Saarland
1569:
1517:
1495:
1491:
1476:
1463:
1455:
1453:on Germany.
1424:
1412:
1400:
1396:
1368:
1357:
1353:South Africa
1342:
1318:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1265:
1258:
1255:Soviet Union
1253:against the
1228:
1212:Nazi Germany
1174:
1172:
1135:
1134:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1040:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1004:
1003:
982:
965:
948:
931:
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862:
861:
855:
826:
825:
807:
788:
744:
743:
722:
703:
702:
654:
653:
640:
639:
632:
611:
610:
601:World War II
509:
508:
497:Indian Ocean
458:EcuadorâPeru
446:
445:
415:Middle East
389:North Africa
377:
376:
316:Asia-Pacific
314:
313:
213:
201:
192:World War II
105:edit summary
96:
67:
59:
29:
6503:Bodenplatte
6389:Gothic Line
5608:West Africa
5155:Philippines
5134:Netherlands
4999:Czech lands
4937:Switzerland
4881:Afghanistan
4825:Philippines
4693:Puerto Rico
4609:Philippines
4595:New Zealand
4581:Netherlands
4534:Free France
4285:Prosecution
4086:Osoaviakhim
3956:West Africa
3940:East Africa
3587:Conferences
3396:Bishop 2017
3384:Bishop 2017
3303:Bishop 2017
3246:. A&E.
3210:Shirer 1971
3198:Shirer 1971
3047:Shirer 1971
3008:Shirer 1971
2463:"Phony War"
2414:"Phony War"
2394:9 September
2269:(in French)
2204:Netherlands
2172:Dogger Bank
1893:appeasement
1760:Scandinavia
1710:, that the
1652:Louis Faury
1607:SaarbrĂŒcken
1587:French Army
1525:Alfred Jodl
1477:During the
1427:German army
1339:Terminology
1035:Blockbuster
943:Netherlands
898:Dieppe Raid
693:Afsluitdijk
618:River Forth
480:Air Warfare
394:East Africa
6795:Categories
6603:West Hunan
6436:Pointblank
5765:Silver Fox
5751:Summer War
5504:Winter War
5483:Phoney War
5264:Azerbaijan
5225:Yugoslavia
5120:Luxembourg
4962:Resistance
4702:Yugoslavia
4567:Luxembourg
4369:Sook Ching
4165:War crimes
3767:Technology
3760:Opposition
3702:Lend-Lease
3679:Australian
3672:Home front
3630:Blitzkrieg
3580:Casualties
3571:Commanders
3543:Operations
3480:Phoney War
3033:0521522420
2994:0671785095
2831:B006K49AKG
2710:1845740564
2671:1845740564
2372:Pittsburgh
2279:References
2208:Luxembourg
2125:Montevideo
2092:Royal Navy
2060:Haddington
1989:Scapa Flow
1968:Courageous
1955:air battle
1877:government
1805:Codenamed
1736:Winter War
1730:Winter War
1724:Winter War
1666:Inactivity
1622:battalions
1564:Lauterbach
1562:office in
1379:blitzkrieg
1295:Courageous
1277:Winter War
1175:Phoney War
1042:Lumberjack
912:Baby Blitz
877:Donnerkeil
835:Kanalkampf
758:Montcornet
663:Maastricht
642:Luxembourg
612:Phoney War
521:Yugoslavia
502:Madagascar
465:Antarctica
436:Dodecanese
256:Resistance
224:Winter War
214:Phoney War
6668:Manchuria
6554:Indochina
6330:Bagration
5774:Lithuania
5419:Anschluss
5216:Viet Minh
5113:Lithuania
5055:Hong Kong
4818:Manchukuo
4773:Azad Hind
4432:Australia
4232:Aftermath
4095:Paperclip
3990:Aftermath
3790:Total war
3658:Diplomacy
3621:In Europe
2952:Thames TV
2930:21 August
2892:21 August
2746:164675876
2634:691744583
2598:Sitzkrieg
2559:Brussels.
2489:761162164
2459:cited in
2440:761162164
2384:1068-624X
2342:1 October
2176:Luftwaffe
2098:HMS
2056:Luftwaffe
2032:Spitfires
2015:Luftwaffe
1984:Royal Oak
1982:HMS
1966:HMS
1957:over the
1819:the north
1658:âGeneral
1648:Wehrmacht
1633:Abbeville
1618:regiments
1615:artillery
1602:Wehrmacht
1529:divisions
1467:Rhineland
1403:Plan West
1372:Sitzkrieg
1319:With the
1301:Luftwaffe
1293:HMS
1260:Wehrmacht
1196:Sitzkrieg
1188:âčSee Tfdâș
1142:The Blitz
1125:Nuremberg
1120:Heilbronn
1105:Frankfurt
1090:Paderborn
1068:Undertone
1021:Veritable
1014:Blackcock
906:1944â1945
863:1941â1943
797:Abbeville
678:Rotterdam
673:The Hague
372:Australia
268:Alps 1940
261:1944â1945
123:talk page
64:in German
6779:Category
6728:document
6638:document
6495:Ardennes
6479:Budapest
6427:Crossbow
6305:Overlord
6144:Smolensk
5355:Timeline
5190:Slovakia
5176:Thailand
5027:Ethiopia
4992:Bulgaria
4916:Portugal
4847:Thailand
4729:Bulgaria
4507:Eswatini
4500:Ethiopia
4453:Bulgaria
4278:Unit 731
4239:Response
4056:Keelhaul
4006:Cold War
3979:Americas
3970:timeline
3963:Atlantic
3843:Theaters
3445:Ray 2000
3433:Ray 2000
3363:Archived
3248:Archived
2852:(1940).
2721:27 March
2715:Archived
2682:27 March
2676:Archived
2554:57638821
2507:Archived
2388:Archived
2336:Archived
2224:See also
2129:scuttled
2123:fled to
2112:Achilles
2095:cruisers
1997:Scotland
1903:and the
1851:British
1800:iron ore
1754:, and a
1611:armoured
1576:1st Army
1501:Hebrides
1494:SS
1349:Boer War
1247:iron ore
1110:WĂŒrzburg
989:2nd Alps
983:Nordwind
925:Chastity
918:Overlord
870:Cerberus
856:Sea Lion
840:Adlertag
814:1st Alps
773:Boulogne
729:Gembloux
634:Wikinger
541:Bulgaria
470:Atlantic
453:Americas
406:Adriatic
99:provide
18:Bore War
6705:Shumshu
6472:Hungary
6419:Estonia
6403:Lapland
6381:Dragoon
6314:Neptune
6296:Ichi-Go
6262:Tempest
6204:Changde
6159:Cottage
6051:Jubilee
5760:Finland
5658:Compass
5364:Prelude
5317:Finland
5203:Vietnam
5169:Romania
5041:Germany
5020:Estonia
5006:Denmark
4985:Belgium
4978:Austria
4971:Albania
4902:Ireland
4888:Andorra
4872:Neutral
4832:Romania
4766:Hungary
4751:Finland
4623:Romania
4515:Finland
4493:Denmark
4439:Belgium
4425:Algeria
4131:Romania
4117:Hungary
3873:Pacific
3597:General
3551:Leaders
3536:Battles
3529:Outline
3369:9 April
3092:YouTube
2954:(1973).
2200:Belgium
2145:Altmark
2115:in the
2026:on the
1927:Athenia
1911:Actions
1875:in his
1867:in the
1744:Finland
1641:Marshal
1496:Athenia
1347:on the
1287:On the
1251:embargo
1130:Hamburg
1100:TF Baum
1082:Varsity
1075:Plunder
1053:Cologne
1048:Remagen
1028:Grenade
1006:Germany
972:Scheldt
932:Dragoon
828:Britain
783:Dunkirk
705:Belgium
683:Zeeland
546:Hungary
536:Romania
385:Africa
285:Balkans
280:Britain
234:Lapland
229:Karelia
219:Finland
151:of the
121:to the
103:in the
66:.
6682:Debate
6654:Taipei
6647:Borneo
6225:Tarawa
5412:Europe
5373:Africa
5162:Poland
5148:Norway
5127:Malaya
5106:Latvia
5048:Greece
5034:France
4930:Sweden
4895:Bhutan
4616:Poland
4602:Norway
4574:Mexico
4541:Greece
4527:France
4465:Canada
4446:Brazil
4416:Allies
4362:Serbia
4351:Poland
4124:Poland
4110:Baltic
3903:Europe
3605:Topics
3557:Allied
3416:
3286:
3254:5 June
3169:22 May
3145:
3118:
3030:
2991:
2829:
2806:22 May
2744:
2707:
2668:
2632:
2622:
2581:
2552:
2542:
2487:
2477:
2438:
2428:
2382:
2328:
2202:, the
2150:(See:
2141:tanker
2139:, the
2100:Exeter
2024:Rosyth
1993:Orkney
1901:Labour
1825:; the
1815:Norway
1809:, the
1764:Norway
1706:, the
1585:, the
1439:USSR's
1224:France
1204:Allied
1192:German
1179:French
1115:Kassel
1061:Gisela
960:Aachen
789:Dynamo
778:Calais
763:Saumur
746:France
734:La Lys
717:Hannut
475:Arctic
307:Sicily
209:Poland
203:Europe
6458:Leyte
6288:Narva
6274:Anzio
6232:Makin
6190:Burma
6074:Torch
6043:Rzhev
5997:Kiska
5083:Korea
5069:Japan
5062:Italy
4944:Tibet
4923:Spain
4794:Italy
4555:Italy
4548:India
4472:China
4347:Japan
3947:Italy
3859:China
3811:Women
3343:3 May
2924:(PDF)
2911:(PDF)
2886:(PDF)
2873:(PDF)
2513:3 May
2248:Notes
1999:) by
1935:Emden
1698:(MP)
1681:Essex
1598:Rhine
1471:Rhine
977:Bulge
966:Queen
808:Paula
802:Lille
768:Arras
753:Sedan
723:David
556:Japan
531:Italy
510:Coups
411:Malta
355:Japan
323:China
302:Italy
83:DeepL
6524:1945
6252:1944
6093:1943
6014:Blue
6004:Attu
5911:1942
5670:1941
5522:1940
5460:1939
5389:Asia
5236:POWs
5076:Jews
4787:Iraq
4713:Axis
4663:Tuva
4479:Cuba
3564:Axis
3414:ISBN
3371:2012
3345:2007
3284:ISBN
3256:2016
3171:2016
3143:ISBN
3116:ISBN
3028:ISBN
2989:ISBN
2932:2024
2894:2024
2827:ASIN
2808:2016
2742:OCLC
2723:2022
2705:ISBN
2684:2022
2666:ISBN
2641:2015
2630:OCLC
2620:ISBN
2592:2015
2579:ISBN
2550:OCLC
2540:ISBN
2515:2008
2485:OCLC
2475:ISBN
2436:OCLC
2426:ISBN
2396:2015
2380:ISSN
2344:2020
2326:ISBN
2206:and
2109:and
2106:Ajax
2038:and
2002:U-47
1974:U-29
1949:and
1813:and
1734:The
1308:and
1289:Axis
1222:and
1173:The
1095:Ruhr
668:Mill
623:Saar
526:Iraq
429:Iran
419:Iraq
273:1944
251:1940
97:must
95:You
2301:doi
2297:119
2052:Hoy
2040:603
2036:602
2034:of
1925:SS
1679:in
1345:pun
1327:to
1270:'s
1214:'s
147:An
85:or
36:or
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6272:/
3331:.
3242:.
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