380:. They generally breed from early May to the end of August and remain within their breeding range throughout the year, but sometimes move south in winter. When a female chickadee finds a high quality male to mate with this provides direct and indirect benefits such as exceptional parental care and high quality genes. The pair remains together year round and may mate for life. Winter movements south of their range, however, appear to have become increasingly rare. Large bodies of water and mountain ranges may restrict dispersal of the boreal chickadee into places such as the Vancouver Islands and Haida Gwaii. They nest in a hole in a tree; the pair excavates the nest, using a natural cavity or sometimes an old
360:
communicate with each other and convey information. Certain notes/calls can be used as a mating tactic or to indicate a bird's rank to neighbouring fertile females in the area. Females have also been known to be more attracted to a male chickadee if he portrays complex and larger song repertoires. Calls can also be used in territory defence or to warn others of an invader that come to close to a nesting female. Cross species comparisons can be made by comparing the vocal similarities between other species of chickadee's.
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nest. This nest can be made of hair, fur or dead plants. Five to seven eggs are laid, white with fine reddish-brown spotting. Eggs are laid between May and July and hatch within 13–16 days. After the eggs have hatched it takes another 16–18 days for the birds to fully develop wings large enough to
393:
These birds forage on conifer branches or probe into the bark, gleaning insects and foraging for conifer seeds, which may be stored in preparation for winter months. Boreal chickadees are known to store large amounts of food in different trees, each location containing several food items. Food is
394:
usually stored in the mid-region of trees at a lower level than at which they foraged. They generally forage in black spruce, white spruce and tamarack trees which minimizes competition with black-capped chickadees who forage in more deciduous and mixed forests. Boreal chickadees often forage in
263:
Adults are 12.5–14.5 cm (4.9–5.7 in) long with a weight of 7–12.4 g (0.25–0.44 oz). They have grey-brown upperparts with a brown cap and greyish wings and tail; their face is mainly grey with white on the sides. Their underparts are white with brown on the flanks and a black
359:
a variant on the call which gives chickadees their name. This call is composed of five distinct note-type categories consisting of A, B, C, D and D-hybrid with the beginning and end note both displaying a high frequency pitch. Boreal chickadees use specialized notes within their vocal range to
406:
With the advantage of being a winged bird, the boreal chickadee has few predators. These consist of larger birds such as small owls, hawks and shrikes. Predators of eggs and baby boreal chickadees generally consist of tree climbing animals such as squirrels, chipmunks, mice, bears and rats.
1012:
Tritsch, Christian; Martens, Jochen; Sun, Yue-Hua; Heim, Wieland; Strutzenberger, Patrick; Päckert, Martin (2017). "Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma – A case study of two enigmatic
Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae,
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415:
The largest threat that is placed on boreal chickadees is clearcutting and logging that occurs in the boreal forest regions. These practices are causing dramatic reductions in mature forests and rapidly modifying the habitat of boreal chickadees.
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of Alaska, Canada and the northern United States and remains within this range all year. This bird is known for its high pitched trill patterns used in communication with other birds and food storage habits in preparation for winter months.
968:
Johansson, Ulf S.; Ekman, Jan; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Halvarsson, Peter; Ohlson, Jan I.; Price, Trevor D.; Ericson, Per G. P. (2013). "A complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (Aves: Paridae)".
523:
Weisman, Ronald; Balkwill, Laura-Lee; Hoeschele, Marisa; Moscicki, Michele; Bloomfield, Laurie; Strudy, Christipher (2010). "Absolute pitch in boreal chickadees and humans: exceptions that test a phylogenetic rule".
636:
Moscicki, M.K.; Hoeschele, M.; Bloomfield, L.L.; Modanu, M; Charrier, I.; Sturdy, C.B. (2011). "Note types and coding in Parid vocalizations: The chick-a-dee call of the boreal chickadee (People hudsonicus)".
264:
throat. They have a short dark bill, short wings and a long notched tail. Their flight consists of brief gliding patterns followed by fast and bouncy wing beats as they travel through the air.
776:
Haftorn, Svein (1974). "Storage of
Surplus Food by the Boreal Chickadee Paris hudsonicus in Alaska, with some records on the mountain chickadee parts gamble in Colorado".
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Gill, F.B.; Slikas, B.; Sheldon, F.H. (2005). "Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-
813:
Gayk, Z.G.; Lindsay, A.R. (2012). "Winter microhabitat foraging preferences of sympatric Boreal and Black-capped chickadees in
Michigan's upper Peninsula".
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726:"When east meets west: Population structure of a high-latitude resident species, the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)"
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Mahon, C.L.; Martin, K (2006). "Nest
Survival of Chickadees in Managed Forests: Habitat, Predator, and Year Effects".
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Hadley, Adam; Desrochers, André (2008). "Winter habitat use by boreal chickadee flocks in a managed forest".
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Breeding biology and genetic mating system of the Boreal
Chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)
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10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2
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10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[1257:NSOCIM]2.0.CO;2
584:. Ottawa: National Museum of Canada. pp. 279–280.
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more adequately expresses these birds' relationships.
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398:including other small birds, especially in winter.
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509:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711759A94307879.en
640:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
566:. Toronto: Dorling Kindersley. pp. 306–328.
455:studies have shown that the boreal chickadee is
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883:
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424:The species was formerly placed in the genus
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709:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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355:, as well as a high pitched trill sound,
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376:, and the northernmost portions of the
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310:63.2–66.2 mm (2.49–2.61 in)
1019:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
971:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
575:
573:
7:
1145:Audio recordings of Boreal chickadee
340:16–17.5 mm (0.63–0.69 in)
330:7.6–9.8 mm (0.30–0.39 in)
320:59–65.9 mm (2.32–2.59 in)
1612:IUCN Red List least concern species
1353:boreal-chickadee-poecile-hudsonicus
1085:Article on "Maine's Boreal Species"
495:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
853:The Journal of Wildlife Management
14:
893:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
816:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
724:Lait, L. A.; Burg, T. M. (2013).
1064:Boreal chickadee Species Account
280:130–140 mm (5–5.5 in)
73:
1162:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1094:BirdLife species factsheet for
1070:Canadian boreal chickadee stamp
484:BirdLife International (2016).
1079:Boreal chickadee photo gallery
1:
695:Trout-Haney, Jessica (2010).
1081:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1066:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
250:Paridae. It is found in the
1039:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014
991:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.06.019
829:10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.820
699:. Ann Arbor. pp. 1–47.
606:. New York: Knopf. p.
300:210 mm (8.25 in)
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540:10.1016/j.lmot.2010.04.002
430:with most other tits, but
368:Their breeding habitat is
364:Breeding/nesting behaviour
1133:Interactive range map of
602:The Sibley Guide to Birds
580:Godfrey, W. Earl (1966).
461:chestnut-backed chickadee
290:10 g (0.35 oz)
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70:Scientific classification
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1125:Internet Bird Collection
1120:"Boreal chickadee media"
502:: e.T22711759A94307879.
447:suggest that separating
378:contiguous United States
1632:Birds described in 1772
527:Learning and Motivation
1622:Native birds of Alaska
453:Molecular phylogenetic
270:Standard Measurements
1103:"Poecile hudsonicus"
351:The call is a husky
347:Vocal communications
1089:Maine Birding Trail
1074:www.bird-stamps.org
1031:2017MolPE.107..538T
983:2013MolPE..69..852J
742:10.1038/hdy.2013.54
653:2011ASAJ..129.3327M
596:Sibley, David Allen
582:The Birds of Canada
40:Conservation status
1470:Poecile-hudsonicus
1230:Poecile hudsonicus
1200:Poecile hudsonicus
1156:Poecile hudsonicus
1140:IUCN Red List maps
779:Ornis Scandinavica
562:Bird, D.M (2010).
488:Poecile hudsonicus
389:Foraging behaviour
236:Poecile hudsonicus
206:Poecile hudsonicus
179:Poecile hudsonicus
161:P. hudsonicus
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1584:Open Tree of Life
1452:Open Tree of Life
1192:Taxon identifiers
661:10.1121/1.3560925
465:Poecile rufescens
372:woods in Canada,
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1361:iNaturalist
1224:Wikispecies
1174:media from
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941:: 121–143.
900:: 139–145.
786:: 145–161.
435:cytochrome
259:Description
1606:Categories
1465:Xeno-canto
1149:Xeno-canto
471:References
445:morphology
382:woodpecker
370:coniferous
1497:Q22233687
705:cite book
443:data and
402:Predators
241:passerine
204:Range of
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1563:11126070
1491:Wikidata
1418:2.106548
1405:22711759
1379:10209656
1268:22711759
1263:BirdLife
1209:Wikidata
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955:86067032
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730:Heredity
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598:(2000).
441:sequence
420:Taxonomy
296:wingspan
213:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1617:Poecile
1550:2487794
1330:2487793
1317:borchi2
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1087:at the
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979:Bibcode
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459:to the
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411:Threats
189:, 1772)
187:Forster
148:Poecile
143:Genus:
137:Paridae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
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457:sister
374:Alaska
336:tarsus
326:culmen
286:weight
276:length
248:family
1558:IRMNG
1537:14490
1524:76586
1444:76617
1374:IRMNG
1312:eBird
1304:4KSC3
1288:BOW:
951:S2CID
910:S2CID
870:S2CID
833:S2CID
796:JSTOR
432:mtDNA
427:Parus
1571:ITIS
1545:GBIF
1426:NCBI
1400:IUCN
1387:ITIS
1325:GBIF
1276:BOLD
1043:PMID
1017:)".
995:PMID
756:PMID
711:link
665:PMID
612:ISBN
500:2016
316:tail
306:wing
229:The
117:Aves
1519:CoL
1348:IBC
1299:CoL
1239:ABA
1165:on
1159:in
1147:on
1138:at
1072:at
1035:doi
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987:doi
943:doi
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