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was effectively broken. Nationalist
Catalan historians consider this the point at which "Catalonia" became a sovereign power, and the millennium of their independence was celebrated in 1987 with conferences and numerous publications; but it appears that other "Catalan" counties, other than Borrell's,
286:
From 988, Borrell's sons Ramon
Borrell and Ermengol appear as rulers in a divided territory, with Ramon Borrell being count of Barcelona, Girona, and Osona and Ermengol being count of Urgell. Borrell II continued to issue documents and tour his domains, however, and when he was taken ill in 993 in
277:
resulted in a letter from Hugh to
Borrell promising aid if the count preferred "to obey us rather than the Ishmaelites", but in any event Hugh could not persuade his nobles to support a southern expedition. No answer to Hugh's letter is known from Borrell, and the connection between the March and
496:
Catalunya i França
Meridional a l'entorn de l'any mil: la Catalogne et la France méridionale autour de l'an mil. Colloque International du D. N. R. S./Generalitat de Catalunya « Hugues Capet 987-1987 : la France de l'an mil », Barcelona 2-5 juliol
456:
Diplomatari de la vila de
Cardona, anys 966–1276: Arxiu Parroquial de Sant Miquel i Sant Vicenç de Cardona, Arxiu Abacial de Cardona, Arxiu Históric de Cardona, Arxius Patrimonials de les masies Garriga de Bergus, Pala de Coma i
147:
in 945 at the consecration of the nunnery church of Sant Pere de les
Puelles in Barcelona. In 947, Sunyer retired to monastic life and ceded the government of his realms jointly to his sons Borrell and
313:
Los Condes de
Barcelona Vindicados, y CronologĂa y GenealogĂa de los Reyes de España considerados como Soberianos Independientes de su Marca. Tomo I: abraza los siete primeros, desde el año 874 al 1035
273:, but although documents of Borrell's refer to royal orders that must have come from this embassy, actual military assistance was beyond Lothar's power. What appears to have been a similar plea to
620:
311:
An old historiography confuses
Borrell's father Sunyer with Sunifred I Count of Cerdanya (928-66). The correct succession to the Catalan counties was clarified by Prosper de Bofarull,
499:
Edited by Xavier Barral i Altet, Dominique Iogna-Prat, Anscari M. MundĂł, Josep MarĂa
Salrach & Michel Zimmermann. Col·lecció Actes de Congressos 2. Barcelona 1991, pp. 21–44.
344:. Editors Santiago Sobrequés i Vidal, S. Riera i Viader, Manuel Rovira i Solà , completed by Ramon Ordeig i Mata. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2005. Doc. no. 457.
207:
Borrell's military career seems to have been undistinguished—he is recorded as fighting only two battles and seems to have lost both—and it was under his rule that
250:. He was also taken on the 970 embassy to Rome, during which the Pope persuaded Otto to employ Gerbert as a tutor for his young son, the future emperor
404:
355:
Marca
Hispanica sive Limes Hispanicus, hoc est geographica & historica descriptio cataloniae, ruscinonis, & circumiacentium populorum
215:. On the other hand, he had far greater success as a diplomat. Before the attacks of the 980s, and discounting a single raid by the Caliph
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Barcelona, which was pillaged and sacked. Many citizens were taken prisoner by the Muslim forces. Borrell sent a request for help to King
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242:) with him so that the boy could study mathematics in Spain. In the following years, Gerbert studied under the direction of Bishop
370:
Philippe Sénac, "Note sur les relations diplomatiques entre les comtes de Barcelone et le califat de Cordoue au X siècle".
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and also sent emissaries to the kings of the Franks. Furthermore, in 970, he voyaged to Rome to meet with both
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446:. Translated by H. P. Lattin. Records of Civilisation: sources and studies 60. New York 1961. No. 77
247:
459:. Edited by A. Galera i Pedrosa. ColleciĂł Diplomataris 15. Barcelona: FundaciĂł Noguera 1998. Doc. no. 7
357:. Edited by Étienne Baluze. Paris 1688; reprinted Barcelona 1972 & 1989. Translated by J. Icart as
113:
494:
J. Dufour, "Obédience respective des Carolingiens et des Capétiens (fin X siècle–début XI siècle)".
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The Letters of Gerbert with his Papal Privileges as Sylvester II, translated with an introduction
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393:. Editor Harmut Hoffmann. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 38. Hannover: Hahn 2000.
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Borrell was also a patron of learning and culture. In 967, Borrell visited the monastery of
156:. Sunyer died in 950, and Miro died in 966, leaving Borrell sole ruler of more than half of
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based on the names given to her children. By her Borrell had two sons and two daughters:
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246:, some 60 km north of Barcelona, and probably also at the nearby monastery of
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522:"Els documents, dels anys 981–1010, de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Seu d'Urgell"
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soon after his succession in 961, he maintained cordial relations with the
180:. In 967 he married Letgarda, who is speculated to have been daughter of a
342:
Catalunya CarolĂngia V: els comtats de Girona, BesalĂş, EmpĂşries i Peralada
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212:
60:
164:, "Duke of Gothia". His own documents almost all refer to him merely as
539:"La data i el lloc de la mort del comte Borrell II de Barcelona-Urgell"
251:
405:"Gerbert d'Aurillac and the March of Spain: A Convergence of Cultures"
331:(Ph. D. thesis). Birkbeck, University of London. pp. 192–93.
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and the Abbot asked the count to take Gerbert of Aurillac (the future
143:
Borrell was first seen acting as Count during the reign of his father
295:. It was not to be, however, and his death followed soon afterwards.
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133:
27:
Count of Barcelona, Girona and Ausona and Count of Urgell (died 993)
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Marca HispĂ nica, o PaĂs de la Frontera Hispanica: versiĂł catalana
160:, a status which led outsiders and flatterers to refer to him as
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retained links with the Frankish crown for a little longer.
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was attacked by the Muslim general Almanzor, who managed to
196:(974–1010), Ermengarda and Richilda. After Letgarda's death
424:
La presa de Barcelona per Almansor. Història i mitificació
372:
Histoire et Archéologie des Terres Catalanes au Moyen Âge
374:. Edited by Philippe Sénac. Perpignan 1995, pp. 87–101.
291:, the will that he made provided for him outliving his
109:
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528:Vol. 3. Montserrat 1980. Pages 7–166. Doc. no 232.
152:. In 948, Borrell inherited Urgell from his uncle
621:10th-century people from the County of Barcelona
328:Pathways of Power in late-Carolingian Catalonia
434:. Barcelona: Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2007.
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200: 986, he married Eimeruda, perhaps of
554:
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361:. Barcelona 1965. Appendix no. CXXXIII.
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211:was sacked in 985 by the Muslim leader
545:Vol. 10. Montserrat 1990, pp. 469–72.
7:
409:Mathematical Association of America
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315:. Barcelona 1836, reprinted 1990.
86:Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona
390:Richer von Sankt-Remi: Historiae
403:Mayfield, Betty (August 2010).
34:Borrell II, Count of Barcelona
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524:. Edited by CebriĂ Baraut.
90:Ermengol I, Count of Urgell
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430:December 19, 2008, at the
325:Jarrett, Jonathan (2005).
271:King of the Western Franks
104:Sunyer, Count of Barcelona
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421:Gaspar Feliu i Montfort,
387:, cap. III.43. Edited as
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221:Muslim rulers of CĂłrdoba
176:Borrell was the son of
168:, "Count and Marquis".
248:Santa Maria de Ripoll
114:Richilda of Toulouse
616:Counts of Barcelona
606:10th-century births
287:Castellciutat near
568:Count of Barcelona
126:Count of Barcelona
66:House of Barcelona
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585:Succeeded by
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61:Noble family
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244:Atto of Vic
217:al-Hakam II
162:dux Gothiae
154:Sunifred II
611:993 deaths
600:Categories
508:Bofarull,
472:, no. 120.
275:Hugh Capet
267:Lothar III
140:from 948.
122:Borrell II
93:Ermengarda
581:(947–966)
483:Historiae
385:Histories
293:executors
209:Barcelona
145:Sunyer II
72:Spouse(s)
543:Urgellia
526:Urgellia
481:Richer,
468:Lattin,
428:Archived
383:Richer,
236:Aurillac
213:Almanzor
204:in 987.
202:Auvergne
194:Ermengol
186:Rouergue
95:Richilda
77:Eimeruda
75:Letgarda
46:Borel II
572:947–993
470:Letters
252:Otto II
172:History
577:Miro I
561:Sunyer
510:Condes
485:IV.12.
457:Pinell
280:France
178:Sunyer
150:Miro I
134:Ausona
130:Girona
110:Mother
100:Father
575:with
497:1987.
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198:circa
82:Issue
263:take
227:and
132:and
52:Died
184:or
55:993
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20:)
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