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until 1897, when a northern burial section was established and used until 1952. The cemetery was used as a burial ground for the La
Perouse Aboriginal reserve, though it served predominantly as a burial ground for patients who died of infectious diseases at Prince Henry Hospital. There are 90 marked graves in the Coast Hospital Cemetery, but it is estimated that up to 3,000 people are buried there. The area was selected as an Aboriginal repatriation and reburial site because of its long-standing significance to the local Aboriginal people. The cemetery contains the burials of several family members. Aboriginal ancestral remains were reburied within the Dharawal Resting Place (previously known as the Little Bay Cemetery Resting Place) in 2002 and 2005. Members of the La Perouse and Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land councils and other Dharawal descendants regularly visit the area, maintaining close connections to Country and ancestors.
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south to Potter Point. Within the cliff landscape and dunes of this area there have been archaeological excavations, these areas are also considered to have archaeological potential. Dune landscape characterises the southern part of the park inland. Vegetation is mainly
Kurnell dune forest, which grows on the sand hills that overlook the coast where Cook is said to have landed. There are pockets of dry eucalypt forest on the higher reaches, and this forest continues over Cape Solander Drive and up to the sandstone heights approaching the sandstone cliffs falling to the ocean on the east.
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980:, which was located within the boundaries of the Botany Bay National Park behind Congwong Beach. Those who arrived at Happy Valley simply selected a spot and erected their home from corrugated iron or whatever could be found. Reputedly there was much positive interaction between residents at Happy Valley and those on the Aboriginal reserve. While life was hard at Happy Valley, some unemployed residents valued the site for its carefree existence and beach access. In 1939, after intense lobbying by the neighbouring golf club,
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Cultures ceremony and the structured involvement of local
Aboriginal elders in the ceremony. In addition Aboriginal people have been closely involved in other important events in the park, such as the start to the Olympic Torch Relay in 2000, which was begun by one of the Aboriginal park rangers. A significant amount of work has been done to the interpret the history and connections of the site: in particular, the opening of interpretive walks and the re-opening of the freshwater stream.
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with spears, to which Cook ordered either one or two muskets fired. One shot found its mark and hit one of the warriors, who ran to find a shield and continued the defence of his country. As Cook and his party landed, one of the warriors threw a spear before they retreated and commenced to ignore the intruders for the entire time the
British were anchored in the bay. This is consistent with the customary right of country owners to demand to meet visitors on their own terms.
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1733:. The two-storey octagonal sandstone tower with castellated turret top built in circa1811, as a military guardhouse and lookout station, is a distinctive feature on the headland. The Doric column memorial to the Lapérouse expedition is another feature of the grouping on the northern headland. On the southern headland a commemorative obelisk marking Captain Cook's landing site erected in to 1822 is another distinctive landmark.
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it is the home of their ancestors, it is the place where their ancestors are buried and where they lived before
Europeans arrived. It is also important to Aboriginal people as one of the earliest sites of resistance to British colonisation. The place is also an important site of cultural renewal as the story of the arrival of Cook and those that followed remains an important story within the Aboriginal community.
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837:, where they intended to establish the first British settlement in the colony. While anchored in Botany Bay a number of officers established seemingly friendly contact with the Aboriginal people, exchanging whistling tunes, confirming humanity and gender and exchanging gifts. On the southern shores they introduced a child travelling with the fleet to the Aboriginal people there.
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Indigenous people and the colonisers. The place plays a central role in the
European history of arrival and the history of Indigenous dispossession and devastation through illness, land grants, cultivation and development. The meeting of Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australia is a story that is central to the development of the colony and of symbolic importance to the state .
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place where the shared history of
Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australia began. It was the place where Lieutenant James Cook first stepped ashore to claim the country for Britain and plays a central role in the European history of arrival, the history of Indigenous resistance, dispossession and devastation through illness, land grants, cultivation and development.
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The place is of state significance as a place of important technical achievement with the collecting efforts of Banks and
Solander who during their visit in 1770 made the first important collection of fauna and flora from Australia. The Banks and Solander collection included many items that had never
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Kamay Botany Bay
National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve are historically significant as the place where Joseph Banks's and Daniel Solander's unique botanical collection was sourced and later classified using the Linnaean system of classification. Kurnell Peninsula and Towra Point were the sites
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reserve of 386 ha is located on the shores of Botany and
Wooloware bays to the west of Kurnell village. The Towra Point landscape of alluvial and marine sands supports vegetation communities that are now rare in the Sydney region. There are vegetated dunes and coastal banksia woodlands, littoral
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An important element, historically and environmentally is the stream that flows into Botany Bay near the landing place. It was here that Cook and his party restocked their fresh water supplies under the eye of the local Aboriginal people. There have been a number of archaeological excavations in this
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The former cable station is a two-storey rendered masonry building situated on a grassy knoll of La Perouse Headland facing north overlooking Frenchman's Bay. The orientation of the building is attributed to the positioning of the telegraph cable, which came ashore at Frenchman's Bay. Designed by the
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The total area of the proposed listing is 878 hectares (2,170 acres). 492 hectares (1,220 acres) of the listing comprises Kamay Botany Bay National Park, situated on the north and south sandstone headlands of Botany Bay. The headlands create the dramatic entrance to Botany Bay, which is located about
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Like La Perouse, the Kurnell section of Botany Bay National Park had a shanty town. This was established in the cliff overhangs and caves overlooking the Pacific Ocean at Cape Solander and Tabbagi Gap. The earliest dwelling was built in 1919, and others were constructed during the Great Depression in
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Holt established a scientific oyster farming program at Quibray Bay, attempted to raise sheep on specially planted pastures of imported grass and dabbled in timber and even coal mining on the Kurnell Peninsula. This work was done with the assistance of many employees, including a number of Aboriginal
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Many Aboriginal people who had traditionally lived in the La Perouse area left after the establishment of European settlement, but by the 1870s Aboriginal people, including descendants from families associated with La Perouse and Botany Bay, along with Aboriginal people from the south coast, began to
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In traditional Aboriginal culture it is customary for visitors to wait to be invited to approach the custodians of that area, so when Cook and his men landed, the local people attempted to discourage the strangers from entering the land: two warriors painted in ceremonial ochre threatened the British
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The Towra Point Keeping Place Aboriginal Place and the Dharawal Resting Place - Coast Hospital Cemetery repatriation sites are highly significant places to members of the La Perouse Local Aboriginal Land Council and the Dharawal Aboriginal people associated with Botany Bay. Visitation to these sites
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Both the northern and southern sections of the Botany Bay National Park are of state heritage significance for members of the local and statewide Aboriginal community as it is the site of the first meeting of Indigenous and European cultures. For many people who live locally and throughout the state
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Traditional Aboriginal custodians of the land and the current Aboriginal community have strong historical association with Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve. Gweagal warriors resisted the arrival of Cook and continue to be important symbols of Aboriginal resilience. There
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Within the nature reserve is the Towra Point Keeping Place Aboriginal Place, which is an Aboriginal reburial site where ancestral remains have been returned to Country. Evidence of past Aboriginal occupation (campsites evidenced by shell middens and stone artefact scatters) can be found in the local
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The Meeting Place contains a number of monuments and memorials to Cook; the botanist Solander; Sir Joseph Banks; and Forby Sutherland, an Endeavour crew member who died at Botany Bay. It also contains Alpha House, previously known as the Kurnell accommodation house, constructed by the Captain Cook's
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The huge sand dunes and their large freshwater ponds were a strong memory for Sonny Simms, who as a child regularly swam in these. The dunes survived relatively unaffected up until the 1950s, when the oil refinery was established there. It was not until the Sydney building boom in the late 1960s and
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The Aboriginal people of La Perouse retained a strong link with the Kurnell section of the Botany Bay National Park throughout the 20th century. Kurnell was a frequent destination for family groups who would travel over by ferry and spend the day fishing, swimming, foraging for bush foods. The banks
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The reserve was the responsibility of the Department of Lands up until 1967 and was managed by a trust right up until 1974. The trust employed a caretaker and field staff to maintain the reserve. It also spent considerable time and money on siting and erecting monuments to Cook and his crew. In 1918
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Aboriginal ancestral remains have been reburied in the park. These remains, taken from the Botany Bay region, were stored in various museum collections until repatriation. For Aboriginal people, the return of ancestors' remains to Country is highly significant because it then reunites ancestors with
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Banksia Scrub community, the littoral rainforest and Kurnell dune forest, a vast array of threatened and endangered bird species such as the little tern, frogs such as the green and gold bell frog and mammals like the grey headed flying fox. The park is an important link in the network of parks and
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The northern shores of Botany Bay, the La Perouse peninsula, has a very special association for the French community in Australia and French people overseas as it was the last landfall of the noted French explorer, Jean-Francois Galaup de Lapérouse. The esteem the expedition is held in is marked by
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park is historically significant as it was the first point of landing of the first fleet of settlers in Australia and the site of later developments in colonial defences and customs regulation. It also demonstrates the early development of communications in the colony. The
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bushland include Botany Cone at 55 metres (180 ft) above sea level and Long Nose at 101 metres (331 ft). There are many small points and cliff formations and several walking tracks. The carpark and lookout at the end of the Yena Track is popular for whale watching in the migration season.
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Approximately 168 hectares (420 acres) of Kamay Botany Bay National Park is located on the northern headland and includes Cape Banks, the coast land at Cruwee Cove, Henry Head, Congwong Beach, scrub-covered dune to Anzac Parade and the peninsula on the north-eastern corner of Botany Bay known as La
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Despite Holt's efforts at Kurnell, none of the enterprises were very successful, and by 1881 he began subdividing the estate. Even this exercise was not successful, and unsold lots within the current national park were set aside as a public reserve in the 1899, along with an area similarly reserved
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In 1821, another grant was made of 1,000 acres at the nearby Quibray Bay to John Connell, a free settler who arrived in NSW in 1801 and set up a large ironmongery in Sydney. When in 1828 Birnie was declared insane, Connell bought Alpha Farm, and by 1838 he owned almost the entire Kurnell Peninsula.
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A small Anglican Aboriginal mission was established in the area in 1885 and a church built in 1894. In 1895 the camp at Frenchmans Bay, La Perouse was gazetted as an Aboriginal reserve. The people who lived there worked as fishermen, in the Chinese Gardens, or at the timber mills and wool washes in
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La Perouse headland was the site where the overseas underwater telegraphic cable emerged in 1876. The first makeshift facility of tents and huts was replaced in 1881 by a brick cable station sited centrally on the west of the headland overlooking Frenchman's Beach. After 1917, when it was no longer
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Perhaps the most significant events to have been held in the park in recent years have been the repatriation burials. These events are of great importance to the local Aboriginal community as local elders received back the remains of their ancestors from public institutions where they were studied
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The Coast Hospital Cemetery is an Aboriginal Place and is an important burial, repatriation, and reburial site for the La Perouse and Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land councils and Dharawal Aboriginal people. In 1881, the first part of the Coast Hospital Cemetery was opened. This section was used
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even constructed huts for them at the camp, justifying the decision to parliament by arguing that the camp was economically viable. By 1881 there were two camps with 35 Aboriginal people recorded to be living at La Perouse and a further 15 in Botany Bay within the boundaries of what is today Kamay
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reserve. From about 1820, a small contingent of Government troops were stationed at La Perouse headland to scout for the unexpected arrival of ships and to monitor and control smuggling activity. By 1822, these troops were housed in Macquarie's Tower, a sandstone castellated watchtower. From 1829,
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to "Gurung-gubba", the pelican of their Dreamtime stories. The Endeavour entered Botany Bay and lay anchor opposite the location of a small bark hut village on the southern shores of Kamay Botany Bay. Here James Cook and some of his crew prepared to land on the shores of Gweagal country. It is now
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve have aesthetic value as landmark headlands and natural areas with a collection of historic monuments that, combined, have important symbolism to the state of NSW. Both northern and southern parts of the national park, together with the
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The southern and eastern boundary of the park follows the 40-metre (130 ft) high Hawkesbury sandstone cliff landscape of Cape Solander, which is punctuated by deep narrow gorges at Tabagai Gap and Yena Gap. Further to the south this rocky coastal boundary gives way to sand dunes which extend
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Behind the headland is the original Coast Hospital Cemetery, which is now a designated Aboriginal Place: the Dharawal Resting Place – Coast Hospital Cemetery. It contains approximately 3,000 burials. There are some headstones and the remains of a paved stone road to the site. Aboriginal ancestral
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Rare vegetation communities in the park include the wet heath between Henry Head and Cape Banks and the closed forest around Happy Valley. The stands of Eastern Suburbs banksia scrub are considered to be an endangered community. An area of land bordering on Grose Street contains over 140 species,
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Sonny Simms, who grew up at La Perouse in the 1930s and 1940s, recalled that the resources of the bay, its fish and shellfish, were an important supplement to the family's food resources when his father left and his mother became the sole provider for her family of nine children. The family would
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and Bonna Point were subject to a buildup of sand from about 6,500 years ago. At about the same time a series of parallel dunes formed behind Bate Beach and Towra Point as the Georges River estuary shifted and sand and mud were dropped to the north of the Kurnell isthmus. The mud and sand deposit
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are of outstanding state heritage significance as a rare place demonstrating the continuous history of occupation of the east coast of Australia. The place holds clear and valuable evidence of Indigenous occupation prior to European settlement and the natural history of the state. It is also the
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From the 1820s Captain Cook's Landing Place was a popular destination for people with an interest in European history in Australia. Many people visited various places of interest, such as the plaque at Inscription Point, which had been installed by the Philosophical Society of Australasia in the
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By 1869, in response to the perceived threat of armed attack by foreign forces, a program to bolster the colony's defences was in place and a military road was constructed to the La Perouse headland. By 1871 a gun battery was in place on Henry Head. In 1881 a large "mass concrete" fort was under
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explored the shores and hinterland areas around Botany Bay. The main purpose of visiting Botany Bay was to obtain fresh water for the next leg of the journey. On the second day of their stay, Cook and his men found a stream located near the bark hut village, from which they replenished the ships
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The people living on the headlands and shores at the entrance to Botany Bay benefited from the many food and other resources and the mild climate of the area. On both shorelines are many midden sites providing evidence of the rich variety of sea foods enjoyed by the Indigenous people, as well as
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park is a representative example of a site with an extensive grouping of memorials commemorating highly significant historic events: the historic meeting of Indigenous and British cultures, the exploration of Captain James Cook, the important scientific collection work
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The Kurnell Peninsula has an important association with one of the colony's noted entrepreneurs and politicians, Thomas Holt. It also has historic association with members of the Aboriginal community who lived and worked with the first settlers on the Kurnell Peninsula and those who lived at La
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Traditional Aboriginal owners of the land and the current Aboriginal community have strong historical association with Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve. The place is associated with the Gweagal warriors who resisted the arrival of arrival of Cook and the crew of the
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The Meeting Place precinct contains many items of pre-contact Aboriginal heritage: shell middens, burial sites, a bora ring, a birthing tree and other items of Aboriginal heritage significance. It also contains post-contact heritage items of significance to both European and Aboriginal history.
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From 4,500 years ago swamps developed in the low parts of the dunes and a series of moving dunes formed as a result of violent weather events. These new dunes covered the peninsula and the tidal flats of Botany Bay. Here again, swamps formed in these new dunes, allowing soils and dune forest to
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Under the management of National Parks and Wildlife Service much work has been done to redress the balance in articulating the Aboriginal and European historical and cultural values of the place. This is evidenced in the renaming of the longstanding Commemoration Day ceremony as the Meeting of
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In 1967 the reserve at Kurnell was handed over to the National Parks and Wildlife Service, which, besides its environmental charter, had custody of historic sites, of which Captain Cook's Landing Place at Kurnell was one. By 1974 National Parks and Wildlife Service was able to take on the full
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On the Kurnell Peninsula, about 20,000 years ago at the height of the ice age, the Kurnell headland was a sandstone hill. The old dunes formed much of what is now Botany Bay and the Kurnell headland. Between 18,000 and 10,000 years ago, as the sea level rose, seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves
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The departure of Phillip and then Lapérouse from Botany Bay marked a period of time where, at least on the southern shores of the bay, Aboriginal people did not come into much contact with Europeans. The Kurnell headland was a remote spot and was not subject to a land grant until 1815. On the
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The cliffs edging the sea side entrance to Kamay Botany Bay National Park in both the northern and southern sections are of state heritage significance for their strong and dramatic landmark qualities that take on a symbolic aspect in relation to the historic events that took place after the
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Kamay Botany Bay Park is of exceptional heritage significance for the state as the place where the shared Indigenous and European history of Australia began. It was the place where Lieutenant James Cook first stepped ashore to claim the country for Britain and the first meeting place between
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The French spent six weeks at La Perouse, during which time they repaired damage done during the Samoan battle. An observatory was established on the northern headland for the use of Joseph Lepaute Dagelet, whose observations and scientific experiments are among the first European scientific
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Kurnell was possibly a semi-permanent home for the Gweagal. A marker tree distinguished by a ring-shaped hole in its trunk marks the site of a women's camp. The area also contains carved trees from which the bark for canoes and coolamons were taken and a women's birthing site, indicating the
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park has an important association with the First Fleet and Governor Arthur Phillip, first Governor of NSW. Governor Macquarie is also associated with the site as he commissioned the erection of the earliest known sandstone tower building in Australia, the Macquarie
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The place is of state significance for the technical achievement of Banks and Solander who during their visit in 1770 made the first important collection of fauna and flora from Australia which included some items that had never before been described and classified. Previous archaeological
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Cook's landing place is important to the European community as it marks the arrival of the British and the establishment of Britain's southernmost colony. It is regarded as the birthplace of the European Australian Nation and the first meeting place of Aboriginal and British communities.
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In the years after the Second World War, under the management of the trust, the area became a hugely popular holiday destination for campers. Families who faithfully returned to camp there each year set up semi-permanent camps in small timber cabins and tents painted with calcimine for
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reptiles and mammals which also lived in the heath and forests. Fishing was the major source of food for the Indigenous people of the area. Fish hooks were made from turban shells, and fishing lines and nets were made from bark and native grasses. Timber from the forests at Kurnell and
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including plants regarded as rare and the last remaining example of the full diversity of Eastern Suburbs banksia scrub. It also contains several rare freshwater swamps. This part of the park attracts over 70 species of native birds, as well as possums, flying foxes, bats and snakes.
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Similarly, the La Perouse section of the park contains evidence of everyday lives of Aboriginal people before European settlement, including middens and engravings that illustrate the everyday observations and preoccupations of the Indigenous people before European contact.
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Because of its bountiful resources, the north and south headlands of Botany Bay were important ceremonial gathering places for the Dharawal on the south of Botany Bay and the Darug on the northern shores. At Kurnell there are several important ceremonial sites, including a
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Behind Congwong Beach is the location of a former settlement known as Happy Valley, a collection of shacks erected during the Depression. The shacks have been removed and vegetation has regenerated. There is potential for archaeology dating from this period of occupation.
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early 1820s. In 1870 Thomas Holt erected Cook's Obelisk to mark the European arrival at Botany Bay. To cope with the area's increasing visitation, Holt built the first wharf at Kurnell just adjacent to the obelisk, and a steam ferry began to operate some time around 1882.
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The southern section of Kamay Botany Bay National Park covers an area of about 324 hectares (800 acres) on the eastern end of the Kurnell Peninsula. The area of the park to the north-east of Kurnell village is bounded by the waters of Botany Bay and large rock platforms.
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The coast is characterised by rocky sandstone cliffs demonstrating a fine example of the stratification of Hawkesbury sandstone. The cliff formations are punctuated by large gorges, the result of eroded basalt dykes which formed in the sedimentary rock in the early
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weatherproofing, with stoves and camp beds. Most of their food they brought with them, but fresh milk was sourced daily from the caretaker's wife, who managed a herd of cows which roamed the reserve. Holiday camping at the park continued until around 1977, when the
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made a grant of 700 acres of land to James Birnie at Kurnell. Here Birnie established a farm, raising vegetables and stock and constructing a homestead on the site of the current Alpha House near Captain Cooks Landing Place in the Kamay Botany Bay National Park.
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Other resources found in the park and at Towra Point were the mangrove knees, which up until the late 1960s were harvested to make boomerangs for the tourist trade. The shells for the La Perouse women's shell craft work were collected from the beach at Wanda.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve are of state heritage significance as they contains rare remnant vegetation and flora communities and is a critical link in the network of parks and reserves that conserve the biodiversity of NSW.
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just north of the northern section of the Botany Bay National Park and also a cave on Cape Solander in the southern section of the park in which it is believed that skeletal remains from these outbreaks were found, though this has not been confirmed.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve also have the ability to clearly demonstrate Indigenous pre-contact history of the state and to demonstrate aspects of the way of life of the Aboriginal people before European settlement.
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the 1930s. These dwellings were constructed of tin and timber, and stoves and other home wares were installed to make the place comfortable. They continued to be used during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s by recreational fishermen and local eccentrics.
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The extent and quality of the specimens collected led Cook to name the bay Botany Bay in acknowledgment of the important work undertaken by Banks and Solander. Besides being described and classified by Solander, every specimen was sketched by
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the area, or they made boomerang and other artefacts for sale to tourists, who flocked to the area after the construction of the tramway to La Perouse at the turn of the century. Many women and children crafted shell decorations for sale.
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By 7,400 years ago the sea level stopped rising and the cliffs and rock platforms at Kurnell were eroded by wave action to form sheer cliffs. Between 9,000 and 6,000 years ago the Kurnell isthmus began to form as the mud and sand of the
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park is a unique place with state level rarity values as it is the place where the British colonisers first stepped ashore in Eastern Australia and the meeting place of Indigenous and white colonial Australia.
883:. Receveur died at La Perouse on 17 February 1788 and was the first French person to be buried on the mainland. He was interred in a headland grave marked with a common headstone. In 1829, a tomb was erected over the site of his grave.
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The La Perouse headland is significant as the place where the crew of Lapérouse's expedition of exploration made camp was where Joseph Lapaute Dagelet set up his observatory and made the first astronomical observations in Australia.
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A number of memorials commemorating Australia's history are located at the entrance to the Kurnell Peninsula portion of the park. This area has a coast walk connecting the memorials and is near the information centre and a museum.
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area, on the flat between the wharf and the stream, and in the vicinity of the Alpha House site. The area is considered to have high archaeological potential. The place is marked by a plaque and by more recent interpretive works.
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In the days preceding 29 April 1770 Dharawal people of the southern coastal area between Nowra and Kurnell observed a large "white bird" (oral tradition of the local people) or "floating island" which was Lieutenant James Cook's
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve is significant for its association with important European explorers and scientists and their life's work. These include James Cook, Joseph Banks, Daniel Solander,
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The La Perouse part the national park provides evidence of the history of French exploration in the Pacific in the late 19th century and continues to have ongoing cultural associations with the French community today.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park contains evidence of the intensive occupation by Indigenous people before the arrival and settlement by Europeans and is representative of the pre-contact Indigenous cultural landscape.
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and regarded as curiosities in their own land. The La Perouse museum precinct in Botany Bay National Park is to be reinvigorated, with the NSW Government and Randwick City Council moving to lease the historic site.
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14 km south of the centre of Sydney. The listing boundary also includes the Towra Point Nature Reserve, an area of 386.4 hectares (955 acres) of wetlands located to the west of Kurnell village in Botany Bay.
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While their land was not immediately settled by Europeans, white colonisation had a profound impact on the people of the area, the most significant being the spread of disease such as smallpox. There are caves at
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Phillip was disappointed at the lack of water on the shores of the bay and dismayed by the large numbers of Aboriginal people inhabiting the place. By 26 January 1788, Phillip had left Botany Bay and sailed for
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Banks and Solander collected many plant and animal specimens at Botany Bay, including many which had not been collected or described previously and became the type specimens of species and genera, including the
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The sandy soils are covered with diverse vegetation comprising over 350 species once common in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, including rare species and communities. The most common vegetation cover is heath
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Hospital and then in 1934 became Prince Henry Hospital. Associated with the Coast Hospital is the Coast Cemetery, which is located south of the hospital and now is enclosed by Kamay Botany Bay National Park.
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The geological and botanical features of Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve are of state heritage significance for their ability to demonstrate the natural history of the state.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park and the Towra Point Nature Reserve wetlands contain rare remnant vegetation and fauna communities threatened and endangered species and vegetation communities such as: the
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northern shores of the bay, the La Perouse peninsula remained relatively unsettled until the 1860s and 1880s, when a pioneering fishing community worked the waters at Botany Bay and lived in La Perouse.
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Receveur, the priest and naturalist of the French expedition, was erected many years after his death. The grave was initially marked by an inscription on a tree and over time became more formalised.
876:, where they had been involved in a battle with the Samoans. Numerous people on both sides were killed and injured. One of those injured in the event was the expedition's priest and naturalist,
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The remnant vegetation communities of Towra Point Nature Reserve and Kamay Botany Bay National Park are representative of the original vegetation communities which would have been evident from
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The place is also significant for its historical association with important European explorers and scientists and their life's work. These include James Cook, Joseph Banks, Daniel Solander,
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Receveur's grave, the cable station (now the La Perouse Museum), the Coast Cemetery, fortifications including Henry Head Battery and Fort Banks, and the site of the Happy Valley settlement.
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Watchtower. The place is also associated with French explorers under the command of Comte de Lapérouse who were the first Europeans to stay in the place for an extended period of 6 weeks.
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A cottage was erected on the site of the first Alpha Farm House, providing accommodation for visitors as well as for the reserve caretaker, whose wife operated a kiosk from the kitchen.
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Perouse Headland. As Bare Island and the causeway joining it to the mainland are already listed on the State Heritage Register, they are not included in the curtilage of this listing.
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The green peninsula of Towra Point Nature Reserve is an aesthetically appealing natural landscape amidst an otherwise industrial or suburban setting on the south side of Botany Bay.
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The former Cable Station at La Perouse is significant for its role in telegraphic communication connecting New Zealand with Australia by sub-marine cable for the first time in 1876.
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endeavours in Australia. Dagelet undertook calculations on map positions of Botany Bay and carried out astronomical observations which he later shared with Englishman William Dawes.
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develop. As these dunes eroded, sandstone was exposed and eventually sandstone heath colonised that area. Between 3,000 and 2,000 years ago the sea level dropped to current levels.
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developed and moved inland. The first evidence of Indigenous occupation of the area appears to be about 12,000 years ago. At this time the swales of the old dunes contained swamps.
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Previous archaeological excavations indicate that Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve have significance for their high level of archaeological potential.
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This area, which is sometimes referred to as "The Meeting Place", extends over approximately 20 hectares (49 acres) of the eastern part of the park. Silver Beach is located here.
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The northern section of Kamay Botany Bay National Park contains a number of sites relating to the pre-contact Aboriginal occupation, including rock engravings and shell middens.
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As well as the natural features of the site there are significant structures which have aesthetic value. The former cable station was designed by the noted colonial architect,
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In 1831, the watchtower was acquired by the Customs Department to house a tide waiter, or customs officer, and two boatmen who manned the La Perouse customs house outstation.
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breached sea level and a dune formed on the deposit. This dune was vegetated with Kurnell dune forest, treed wetland, littoral rainforest, mangroves, sheoaks and saltmarsh.
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travel to Kurnell, where their mother taught them how to catch fish, lobster and abalone. The fish caught would be cooked in an old five-gallon drum and eaten on the spot.
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Bay. The Aboriginal community has resisted these efforts and the La Perouse community remains one of the strongest and most established Aboriginal communities in Sydney.
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are two important burial repatriation sites within the curtilage which are designated Aboriginal Places and have high social significance for the Aboriginal community.
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used as offices for the telegraph company, it became a nurses' home and later a home run by the Salvation Army. Most recently it is used as the La Perouse Museum.
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Landing Place Trust in 1902. The accommodation house was built on the remains of two earlier dwellings, and a cellar of one of these remains beneath the cottage.
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nature reserve, contain a valuable research resource relating to Indigenous occupation, the natural history of the state and the early settlement of the colony.
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In 1881, there was an outbreak of smallpox in the colony. To deal with the epidemic, an isolation hospital was established at Little Bay; it became known as the
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Receveur. These monuments are still frequently visited by the French and are the site of events such as a memorial ceremony on Bastille Day each year, a mass to
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The location of the Endeavour's landfall and Cook's claim of the east coast of the continent for Britain is now commonly known as Captain Cook's Landing Place.
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anchored near Frenchman's Beach on 24 January 1788. Captain Hunter of the First Fleet established contact with the French in the absence of Governor Phillip.
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The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.
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excavations indicate that Kamay Botany Bay National Park and Towra Point Nature Reserve have significance for their high level of archaeological potential.
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Most archaeological evidence relates to Indigenous occupation in the area from about 3,000 to 2,000 years ago. People living to the south of Botany Bay to
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The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.
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There are coastal fortifications located on Henry Head and Cape Banks designed and constructed by the British army from the late 19th century onwards.
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815:. These sketches were rendered as watercolours when Banks and Solander returned to England and then engraved and later included in the publication
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Also situated on the La Perouse Headland is a monument to the French expedition of 1788 led by Jean-Franois de Galaup Lapérouse and the grave of
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The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.
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The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
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Receveur were erected, the watchtower was used as accommodation for a caretaker employed to look after the Lapérouse Monument and the tomb of
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His grandson John inherited the estate on John senior's death in 1851. He cleared the land heavily and sold the timber to the Sydney market.
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Towra Point Nature Reserve and Kamay Botany Bay National Park represent the role of parks and reserves in the conservation of biodiversity.
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The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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at an earlier date. The reserve, totalling 100 hectares at the time, was managed by a trust under the auspices of the Department of Lands.
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remains were reburied within the Dharawal Resting Place (previously known as the Little Bay Cemetery Resting Place) in 2002 and 2005.
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understood that Cook's bold arrival and landing on Dharawal land was a severe breach of Indigenous etiquette and an affront to the
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language group. The people moving through and living in the Kurnell area were the northernmost clan of the Dharawal speakers, the
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Among the diversity of fauna living on the Kurnell Peninsula are endangered or vulnerable species. The green and gold bell frog (
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The area down to Potters Point supports heath lands on sandstone and heath on dunes, which are characterised by old man banksia (
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The area is recognised for its outstanding cultural and historic heritage values to Australia. It is a place where botanist Sir
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rainforest patches and stands of rare bangalay and swamp oak forests. There are also a few stands of the magenta brush cherry (
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the Monument to Lapérouse commissioned in 1829 by the French and the annual ceremonies celebrating the visit of Lapérouse.
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management of the park and the reserve trust was disbanded. The Botany Bay National Park was finally gazetted in 1988.
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on 10 September 2017. It is also included in a UNESCO World Heritage serial nomination 'The Rise of Systemic Biology'.
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486:. The 456-hectare (1,130-acre) national park is situated approximately 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) south-east of the
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During the 1960s, a wave of new white residents arrived at La Perouse and lobbied for the removal of the reserve at
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The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
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The La Perouse Headland contains significant historic items including Macquarie Watchtower, Lapérouse Monument,
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people such as William Rowley, a Gweagal man, who was also an enterprising local fisherman born at Towra Point.
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The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
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Perouse throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and whose descendants continue to live in the area.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park (North and South) and Towra Point Nature Reserve; La Perouse Monument; Tomb of
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park is historically significant as it contains evidence of French exploration during the late 18th century.
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Draft Kamay Botany Bay La Perouse Headland and Bare Island Interpretation, Landscape and Architectural Plan
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2191:"Kamay Botany Bay: botanical collection sites, Captain Cook Dr, Kurnell, NSW, Australia (Place ID 106162)"
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undertaken on the site by Banks and Solander, the noted French explorer Comte de Lapérouse and his party.
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1179:). In sheltered areas such as behind little Congwong Bay lies a low closed forest of smooth-barked apple (
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Design 5 Architects & Biosis Research and Geoffrey Brittan 2006 The Meeting Place Heritage Assessment
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of Cook's Stream was a source of warrigal greens, and further afield one could find five-corner berries,
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first set foot on Australian soil in 1770, marking the beginning of Britain's interest in Australia.
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on its northern facade and a U-shaped plan. Originally symmetrical, the building has had additional
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The Kurnell Peninsula portion includes much of the eastern half of the promontory, adjacent to the
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area. Local vegetation is dominated by sclerophyll forest and includes coast banksia and tea tree.
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By 1830, the land which is now the northern section of Botany Bay National Park was dedicated as a
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pit located near the current site of the oil refinery which provided pigment for such ceremonies.
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tower approximately seven metres (twenty-three feet) tall. The walls are topped by a castellated
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in Australia. Banks and Solander collected many iconic Australian plant species, including some
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Council moved all the residents to more suitable accommodation and demolished the shanty town.
584:; these have important scientific and research value. The national park is also the site where
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
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Receveur and Joseph Lepaute Dagelet. It is also associated with the First Fleet and the first
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1441:), a species listed as vulnerable. The area contains saltmarshes which support a rare sedge,
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
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of the first scientific investigation of the east coast of Australia by British scientists.
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1329:). There are also wetlands on sandstone and wetlands in dunes which sustain native grasses (
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One of the most significant activities undertaken that week was the botanical collecting by
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comprising modified sedimentary deposits laid down about 270 million years ago during the
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reserves in NSW and plays an important role in conserving the biodiversity of the state.
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Facing financial ruin in 1860, John Connell Jr mortgaged his landholdings at Kurnell to
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At the same time, Botany Bay was visited by the French expedition under the command of
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Kamay Botany Bay: botanical collection sites, Captain Cook Dr, Kurnell, NSW, Australia
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and there are two mapped lookouts, Kurnell Lookout and Houston Lookout. Hills of dry
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789:. On completing his studies in Sweden, Solander travelled to England to promote the
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Receveur. The Lapérouse monument has a central obelisk topped by a spherical brass
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797:. He was employed by Banks in 1768 to assist him on Cook's voyage of exploration.
2143:"Kamay Botany Bay National Park (North and South) and Towra Point Nature Reserve"
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enables Dharawal people to maintain close connections to Country and ancestors.
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park (North and South) and Towra Point Nature Reserve
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Many of the local plants were edible, such as the roots of the common fern and
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Kamay Botany Bay National Park (North and South) and Towra Point Nature Reserve
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1902:. Department of Environment Climate Change and Water: 274–275. November 2010.
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Endeavour laid anchor inside Botany Bay and Cook stepped onto Dharawal land.
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Essays on Danial Solander, Joseph Banks, Compte de La Perouse, Pere Receuver
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1896:"Department of Environment Climate Change and Water Annual Report 2009-10"
1161:). To the west of the park is a thick covering of coastal tea tree scrub (
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1970s that the demand for sand resulted in the dunes becoming degraded by
2745:"Kamay Botany Bay National Park: Exploring cultural heritage in the park"
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On 18 January 1788, eighteen years after the first visit by the British,
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Kurnell Peninsula, a guide to the plants animals, ecology and landscapes
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Kurnell Peninsula, a guide to the plants animals, ecology and landscapes
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the trust erected the Solander Obelisk and in 1947 the Banks Memorial.
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known as the Botany Basin which in turn is situated within the larger
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collected plant specimens in 1770 as part of the first landing of the
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discontinued this use and disposed of the semi-permanent dwellings.
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1019:, was a prominent and influential figure in the New South Wales.
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Design5 Architects, Biosis Research and Geoffry Britton (2006).
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intensive use of the area by the pre-contact Gweagal community.
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During the following eight days the passengers and crew of the
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on 29 November 2013 having satisfied the following criteria.
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Colonial Architects Office, the building has a single-storey
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and soon took up a position classifying collections at the
2832:"The Meeting Place Precinct: Conservation Management Plan"
2607:. Sutherland Shire Environmental Centre. 7 February 2008.
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before been described and classified. The publication of
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Settlement during the 19th and 20th centuries: La Perouse
2575:"Happy Valley, Chinese market gardens and migrant camps"
616:. The northern and southern headlands feature cliffs of
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As at 29 July 2013, Kamay Botany Bay National Park and
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668:. On the northern headland the people were most likely
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2774:"The Cape Bailey Light at the entrance to Botany Bay"
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This Knowledge (XXG) article contains material from
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Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
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The Macquarie Watchtower is a two-storey, octagonal
976:, La Perouse was the site of a shanty town known as
845:, where the first settlement in Australia was made.
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Location of Kamay Botany Bay National Park in Sydney
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402:(Fr.) Receveur; Macquarie Watchtower; Cable Station
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2851:Towra Point - internationally significant wetlands
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2919:La Perouse Headland: Conservation Management Plan
2532:La Perouse Mission Church SHR Nomination OEH 2012
2398:La Perouse Headland: Conservation Management Plan
1656:Kamay Botany Bay National Park was listed on the
995:Settlement in the 19th and 20th century: Kurnell
709:which lived in the stems of banksia and wattle.
2944:NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (2013).
2917:Jill Sheppard Heritage Consultants P/L (2009).
2830:Context Pty Ltd with Urban Initiatives (2008).
2667:NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (2013).
2477:"1788 Joseph Dagelet's Letter to William Dawes"
2396:Jill Sheppard Heritage Consultants P/L (2009).
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775:water supplies. The stream still flows today.
4955:Walter Burley Griffin Incinerator, Willoughby
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2722:Towra Point Nature Reserve Plan of Management
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513:area at Cape Solander Drive is also known as
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2221:National Heritage Places - Kurnell Peninsula
1547:introducing citations to additional sources
490:, on the northern and southern headlands of
29:Protected area in New South Wales, Australia
2890:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2860:Botany Bay National Park Plan of Management
2704:Botany Bay National Park Plan of Management
1288:, toward the east of the Kurnell Peninsula.
209:Historic site in New South Wales, Australia
4393:
4379:
4371:
3017:
3003:
2995:
2803:Andersen, Sue; Hamilton, Mary Ann (2006).
2649:Andersen, Sue; Hamilton, Mary Ann (2006).
2412:Andersen, Sue; Hamilton, Mary Ann (2006).
2327:Andersen, Sue; Hamilton, Mary Ann (2006).
2293:Andersen, Sue; Hamilton, Mary Ann (2006).
559:on 29 November 2013, and was added to the
211:
58:
31:
2878:Heritage Assessment for the Meeting Place
2579:New South Wales Migration Heritage Centre
692:leaves were woven together to make bags.
624:, between 200 and 250 million years ago.
545:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
190:NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service
4502:Sydney Cove West Archaeological Precinct
2356:Department of Planning & Environment
2153:Department of Planning & Environment
1537:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5047:New South Wales State Heritage Register
2978:New South Wales State Heritage Register
2351:New South Wales State Heritage Register
2148:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1887:
1658:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1055:NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service
1040:New South Wales State Heritage Register
1038:Captain Cooks Landing Place Reserve, a
557:New South Wales State Heritage Register
470:that is located in the eastern part of
384:
5062:Nature conservation in New South Wales
2883:
2481:Australia's migration history timeline
541:NSW Office of Environment and Heritage
313:NSW Office of Environment and Heritage
4563:Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan
2955:La Perouse Headland: A Shared History
2258:La Perouse Headland: A Shared History
1709:Receveur and Joseph Lepaute Dagelet.
1233:added to either end of the building.
437:
429:
421:
413:
405:
393:
372:
364:
354:
346:
338:
330:
321:
7:
4998:Parks and gardens in New South Wales
2749:Office of Environment & Heritage
2611:from the original on 31 October 2018
2554:Office of Environment & Heritage
2487:from the original on 31 October 2018
2185:
2183:
1089:over much of the Kurnell Peninsula.
913:when the monuments to Lapérouse and
785:and Daniel Solander, noted pupil of
684:provided bark for huts, canoes, and
620:cliffs, which was formed during the
555:. Kamay Botany Bay was added to the
5037:Protected areas established in 1984
4588:Bents Basin State Conservation Area
4536:In all other local government areas
2844:from the original on 21 March 2011.
5052:Historic preservation in Australia
4745:Joseph Banks Native Plants Reserve
4362:Protected areas of New South Wales
2935:Migration Heritage Centre (2011).
2928:A Contextual History of Botany Bay
2546:"Dharawal Coast Hospital Cemetery"
2447:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2432:A Contextual History of Botany Bay
1876:Protected areas of New South Wales
179:4.56 km (1.8 sq mi)
25:
5072:Australian National Heritage List
5022:National parks of New South Wales
4700:Garawarra State Conservation Area
2899:Disctionary of Biography (2011).
2550:New South Wales Heritage Database
2483:. NSW Migration Heritage Centre.
872:The French ships had sailed from
855:Jean-Francois Galaup de Lapérouse
791:Linnaean system of classification
561:Australian National Heritage List
388:New South Wales Heritage Register
325:Australian National Heritage List
52:V (protected landscape/seascape)
5067:Research institutes in Australia
5042:1984 establishments in Australia
2967:
2946:"NSW Atlas of Aboriginal Places"
2669:"NSW Atlas of Aboriginal Places"
2367:
2165:
1848:
1834:
1558:"Kamay Botany Bay National Park"
1530:relies largely or entirely on a
1519:
1499:Also present in the park is the
498:and the southern headland is at
488:Sydney central business district
410:State heritage (complex / group)
231:
224:
85:
78:
4765:Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park
2780:. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.
2520:OEH Comments on Draft Text 2012
1167:) consisting of coast banksia (
833:arrived at Botany Bay with the
4750:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
4665:Central Gardens Nature Reserve
2778:Lighthouses of New South Wales
1341:), lemon-scented bottlebrush (
936:; it was operational by 1890.
494:. The northern headland is at
458:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
215:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
93:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
36:Kamay Botany Bay National Park
1:
4977:Wetherill Park Nature Reserve
4715:George Kendall Riverside Park
2805:Kamay Botany Bay Oral History
2753:Government of New South Wales
2651:Kamay Botany Bay Oral History
2647:Elder Gloria Ardler cited in
2414:Kamay Botany Bay Oral History
2410:Aunty Beryl Timbery cited in
2329:Kamay Botany Bay Oral History
2295:Kamay Botany Bay Oral History
1211:
652:Aboriginal people pre-contact
553:Government of New South Wales
4970:Western Sydney Regional Park
4945:Wadim (Bill) Jegorow Reserve
4920:Sydney Harbour National Park
4790:Lower Prospect Canal Reserve
4593:Berowra Valley Regional Park
4452:Chinese Garden of Friendship
2987:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
2976:, entry number 01918 in the
2196:Australian Heritage Database
1362:) and the tinkling froglet (
925:Receveur and Lapérouse Day.
5082:La Perouse, New South Wales
4860:Penrith Lakes Regional Park
4720:Georges River National Park
4402:Parks and gardens of Sydney
3204:Narriearra Caryapundy Swamp
717:ring used for rites and an
639:The locations now known as
539:. The property is owned by
100:Location in New South Wales
5098:
4890:Rockdale Bicentennial Park
4543:Anderson Park, Neutral Bay
4088:Southeast & Tablelands
3233:Hunter & Central Coast
1612:Towra Point Nature Reserve
1422:Towra Point Nature Reserve
953:Botany Bay National Park.
745:Cook landing with his crew
164:23 November 1984
4995:
4982:Yellomundee Regional Park
4950:Wallumatta Nature Reserve
4359:
2821:Clendinnen, Inga (2003).
2460:Clendinnen, Inga (2003).
1871:New South Wales Golf Club
944:return to the area. When
450:
446:
381:
318:
219:
73:
57:
47:
5077:Kurnell, New South Wales
5057:Farms in New South Wales
4965:Western Sydney Parklands
3041:Central West & Orana
2908:Karskens, Grace (2009).
2506:Karskens, Grace (2009).
2475:Dagelet, Joseph (1788).
1465:) and peregrine falcon (
1152:Leptospermum juniperinum
763:of the land at Kurnell.
505:The visitor attraction,
18:Botany Bay National Park
4880:Prospect Nature Reserve
4850:Oxford Falls Peace Park
4840:Oatley Pleasure Grounds
4780:Lane Cove National Park
4775:Lane Cove Bushland Park
4770:Lake Parramatta Reserve
4730:Heathcote National Park
4685:Fairfield Park Precinct
2937:At the Beach Exhibition
2812:Bear, Virginia (2011).
2274:Bear, Virginia (2011).
1456:Haematopis longirostris
1210:that was reconstructed
1164:Leptospermum laevigatum
831:Governor Arthur Phillip
68:from Inscription Point.
4900:Rosford Street Reserve
4815:Mortdale Memorial Park
4785:Louise Sauvage Pathway
4558:Auburn Botanic Gardens
4244:Sydney & Surrounds
3505:New England-North West
2926:Nugent, Maria (2005).
2823:Dancing with Strangers
2581:. 2011. Archived from
2462:Dancing with Strangers
2430:Nugent, Maria (2005).
1842:New South Wales portal
1432:Ramsar listed wetlands
1412:New Holland honeyeater
1347:), and heath banksia (
1289:
1274:
1123:
1042:
746:
145:34.02056°S 151.22472°E
4810:Moore Reserve, Oatley
4705:Garigal National Park
4578:Bede Spillane Gardens
4467:Jessie Street Gardens
4413:local government area
3978:Yarrahapinni Wetlands
2681:NPWS, 22 August 2016.
2201:Australian Government
1371:Chelodina longicollis
1326:Xanthorrhoea resinosa
1320:Allocasuarina distyla
1284:
1270:
1176:Eucalyptus botryoides
1149:), prickly tea tree (
1121:
1037:
744:
511:heritage conservation
4885:Queen Elizabeth Park
4870:Prince Alfred Square
4845:Oatley Point Reserve
4760:Koala Park Sanctuary
4695:Fred Hollows Reserve
4670:Chipping Norton Lake
4643:Centennial Parklands
4497:Royal Botanic Garden
4482:Paddington Reservoir
4472:Macquarie Place Park
4435:Centennial Parklands
3419:Illawarra-Shoalhaven
1543:improve this article
1459:), terek sandpiper (
1438:Syzygium paniculatum
1344:Callistemon citrinus
1170:Banksia integrifolia
849:Arrival of Lapérouse
618:Hawkesbury sandstone
604:lies within a small
533:Macquarie Watchtower
507:natural conservation
293:34.0195°S 151.2258°E
185:Managing authorities
150:-34.02056; 151.22472
111:Nearest town or city
4915:St Thomas Rest Park
4420:Balfour Street Park
4059:Murrumbidgee Valley
2605:"Earliest Settlers"
2291:Merv Ryan cited in
1485:Caltex Oil Refinery
1388:common eastern tern
1323:) and grass trees (
1017:Legislative Council
606:tectonic depression
543:and managed by the
519:La Perouse Monument
289: /
141: /
4940:Terry Lamb Complex
4830:Nurragingy Reserve
4618:Brickpit Ring Walk
4573:Balls Head Reserve
4487:Prince Alfred Park
4425:Barangaroo Reserve
4215:South East Forests
2953:Tuck, Dan (2008).
2256:Tuck, Dan (2008).
1856:Environment portal
1768:Banks' Florilegium
1637:, Arthur Phillip.
1450:Sternula albifrons
1338:Scirpus littoralis
1290:
1275:
1146:Banksia ericifolia
1124:
1043:
1001:Governor Macquarie
825:Arrival of Phillip
818:Banks' Florilegium
761:traditional owners
747:
597:Geological history
586:Captain James Cook
570:and naturalist Dr
423:Reference no.
356:Reference no.
298:-34.0195; 151.2258
200:Protected areas of
5027:Kurnell Peninsula
5004:
5003:
4960:Waverley Cemetery
4598:Bicentennial Park
4548:Angophora Reserve
4368:
4367:
4301:Ku-ring-gai Chase
3863:Limeburners Creek
3677:Oxley Wild Rivers
1608:
1607:
1593:
1501:Cape Bailey Light
1332:Gahnia sieberiana
1182:Angophora costata
1155:) and paperbark (
857:, whose frigates
454:
453:
351:10 September 2017
207:
206:
16:(Redirected from
5089:
4910:St Leonards Park
4755:Kellys Bush Park
4725:Grey Box Reserve
4638:Centenary Square
4583:Ben Buckler Park
4522:Wild Life Sydney
4477:Observatory Park
4395:
4388:
4381:
4372:
4311:Malabar Headland
4291:Kamay Botany Bay
3898:Mount Nothofagus
3843:Guy Fawkes River
3647:Mount Nothofagus
3607:Guy Fawkes River
3496:Seven Mile Beach
3133:Weddin Mountains
3078:Gardens of Stone
3019:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2971:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2889:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2782:
2781:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2682:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2585:on 21 April 2018
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2542:
2533:
2530:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2393:
2380:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2342:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2299:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2139:
1912:
1911:
1892:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1551:
1523:
1515:
1511:Heritage listing
1468:Falco peregrinus
1416:superb fairywren
1408:red-browed finch
1396:red-necked stint
1392:peregrine falcon
1263:Southern section
1216:
1213:
1204:Sydney sandstone
1173:) and bangalay (
1158:Melaleuca nodosa
1114:Northern section
974:Great Depression
932:construction on
813:Sydney Parkinson
787:Carolus Linnaeus
783:Sir Joseph Banks
676:language group.
418:29 November 2013
304:
303:
301:
300:
299:
294:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
235:
234:
228:
212:
186:
171:
169:
156:
155:
153:
152:
151:
146:
142:
139:
138:
137:
134:
112:
89:
88:
82:
62:
43:
37:
32:
21:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5017:IUCN Category V
5007:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4991:
4855:Parramatta Park
4648:Centennial Park
4628:Carss Bush Park
4603:Birchgrove Park
4531:
4440:Centennial Park
4404:
4399:
4369:
4364:
4355:
4341:Thirlmere Lakes
4239:
4083:
3997:Riverina-Murray
3992:
3918:Nymboi-Binderay
3893:Mount Jerusalem
3833:Gibraltar Range
3753:Bellinger River
3731:
3602:Gibraltar Range
3500:
3414:
3320:Hunter Wetlands
3245:Barrington Tops
3228:
3142:
3036:
3030:New South Wales
3023:
2993:
2965:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2882:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2820:
2811:
2802:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2360:
2358:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2283:
2273:
2272:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2158:
2156:
2141:
2140:
1915:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1792:Eastern Suburbs
1635:Governor of NSW
1604:
1598:
1595:
1552:
1550:
1536:
1524:
1513:
1507:built in 1950.
1489:above sea level
1477:
1424:
1314:Banksia serrata
1293:
1265:
1214:
1133:Tertiary period
1116:
1107:
997:
946:George Thornton
906:
851:
827:
739:
737:Arrival of Cook
707:witchetty grubs
654:
622:Triassic period
599:
594:
572:Daniel Solander
480:New South Wales
462:heritage-listed
390:
327:
297:
295:
291:
288:
283:
280:
278:
276:
275:
265:New South Wales
244:
243:
242:
241:
238:
237:
236:
210:
202:New South Wales
201:
184:
167:
165:
149:
147:
143:
140:
135:
132:
130:
128:
127:
110:
105:
104:
103:
102:
101:
97:
96:
95:
94:
90:
69:
53:
41:New South Wales
39:
38:
35:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5095:
5093:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5009:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4865:Petersham Park
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:McLeod Reserve
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4735:Iloura Reserve
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4710:Garrison Point
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4675:Coral Sea Park
4672:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4640:
4635:
4633:Centenary Park
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4553:Astrolabe Park
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4517:Wentworth Park
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4336:Sydney Harbour
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Blue Mountains
4253:
4251:Berowra Valley
4247:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4180:Macquarie Pass
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4115:Blue Mountains
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4039:Lachlan Valley
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Richmond Range
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Mount Pikapene
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Middle Brother
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:Cottan-Bimbang
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Cottan-Bimbang
3574:
3569:
3567:Cathedral Rock
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:Macquarie Pass
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:Scone Mountain
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3330:Middle Brother
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3310:Goulburn River
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Brisbane Water
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Lachlan Valley
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3026:National parks
3024:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2999:
2992:
2991:External links
2989:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2932:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2873:
2867:DECCW (2001).
2864:
2858:DECCW (2002).
2855:
2849:DECCW (2010).
2846:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2765:
2736:
2727:
2720:DECCW (2001).
2709:
2702:DECCW (2002).
2683:
2674:
2656:
2631:
2622:
2596:
2566:
2534:
2522:
2513:
2498:
2467:
2449:
2437:
2419:
2403:
2381:
2334:
2300:
2281:
2263:
2225:
2213:
2179:
1913:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1705:de Lapérouse,
1606:
1605:
1541:. Please help
1527:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1476:
1473:
1423:
1420:
1402:(threatened),
1376:Japanese snipe
1365:Crinia tinnula
1291:
1264:
1261:
1122:Congwong Beach
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1067:wombat berries
996:
993:
905:
902:
850:
847:
826:
823:
795:British Museum
738:
735:
672:people of the
653:
650:
614:Permian period
598:
595:
593:
590:
582:type specimens
528:(Fr.) Receveur
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
396:
392:
391:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
273:
269:
268:
250:
246:
245:
239:
230:
229:
223:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
208:
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
162:
158:
157:
125:
119:
118:
113:
107:
106:
99:
98:
92:
91:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
64:A view across
63:
55:
54:
48:
45:
44:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5094:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4987:Yurulbin Park
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Prospect Hill
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Moore Reserve
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:Ferndale Park
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4608:Bradleys Head
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4568:Ballast Point
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4512:Victoria Park
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Kanangra-Boyd
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4281:Georges River
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Murray Valley
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Border Ranges
3771:
3769:
3768:Bongil Bongil
3766:
3764:
3763:Biriwal Bulga
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Watsons Creek
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3642:Mount Kaputar
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Burral Yurrul
3535:
3533:
3532:Ben Halls Gap
3530:
3528:
3527:Boonoo Boonoo
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3260:Biriwal Bulga
3258:
3256:
3255:Ben Halls Gap
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Paroo-Darling
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Mallee Cliffs
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Kanangra-Boyd
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2499:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:Annual Report
1897:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1832:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1602:
1599:November 2022
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560: –
1559:
1555:
1554:Find sources:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1532:single source
1528:This section
1526:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:Arctic jaeger
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:Litoria aurea
1354:
1352:
1351:
1350:Banksia robur
1346:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1327:
1322:
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4905:Rowland Park
4825:Nielsen Park
4795:Magdala Park
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4658:Queen's Park
4623:Burwood Park
4527:Wynyard Park
4492:Redfern Park
4430:Belmore Park
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4235:Yanununbeyan
4185:Mimosa Rocks
4175:Mares Forest
3853:Junuy Juluum
3828:Fortis Creek
3637:Mount Clunie
3587:Crawney Pass
3522:Basket Swamp
3461:Jerrawangala
3290:Crawney Pass
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565:
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4935:Taronga Zoo
4835:Oatley Park
4820:Muston Park
4613:Brenan Park
4507:Sydney Park
4225:Tarlo River
4205:Murramarang
4200:Mount Imlay
4150:Eurobodalla
4140:Clyde River
4125:Brindabella
4095:Abercrombie
4044:Livingstone
4009:Brindabella
3963:Willi Willi
3908:New England
3868:Mallanganee
3838:Goonengerry
3788:Bungawalbin
3736:North Coast
3657:New England
3652:Mummel Gulf
3617:Kings Plain
3572:Coolah Tops
3486:Murramarang
3426:Bimberamala
3405:Wyrrabalong
3340:Myall Lakes
3335:Mount Royal
3280:Coolah Tops
3265:Booti Booti
3108:Marrangaroo
3068:Coolah Tops
3048:Abercrombie
2963:Attribution
1866:Bare Island
1809:Sydney Cove
1697:Endeavour.
1629:Lapérouse,
1493:sclerophyll
1317:), sheoak (
1215: 1961
1143:community (
1105:Description
1087:sand mining
1013:Thomas Holt
972:During the
934:Bare Island
860:La Boussole
835:First Fleet
296: /
284:151°13′33″E
272:Coordinates
267:, Australia
161:Established
148: /
136:151°13′29″E
123:Coordinates
5032:Botany Bay
5011:Categories
4930:Tania Park
4925:Sydney Zoo
4680:Fagan Park
4653:Moore Park
4457:The Domain
4445:Moore Park
4331:Scheyville
4316:Marramarra
4230:Wadbilliga
4220:Tallaganda
4170:Kosciuszko
4100:Bangadilly
4074:Woomargama
4064:Oolambeyan
4034:Kosciuszko
3983:Yarriabini
3958:Werrikimbe
3808:Crowdy Bay
3783:Bundjalung
3778:Broadwater
3748:Bago Bluff
3727:Werrikimbe
3707:Wallabadah
3667:Nullamanna
3592:Cunnawarra
3547:Capoompeta
3542:Butterleaf
3466:Jervis Bay
3360:Tilligerry
3355:Tapin Tops
3315:Gin-Doo-Ee
3305:Gir-um-bit
3295:Crowdy Bay
3199:Mutawintji
3184:Koonaburra
3164:Gundabooka
3083:Garrawilla
2734:DECCW 2002
2615:31 October
2589:31 October
2559:31 October
2491:31 October
1882:References
1569:newspapers
1505:lighthouse
910:Government
897:Little Bay
682:La Perouse
660:spoke the
636:built up.
602:Botany Bay
496:La Perouse
492:Botany Bay
472:Botany Bay
442:Aboriginal
415:Designated
348:Designated
281:34°01′10″S
257:La Perouse
168:1984-11-23
133:34°01′14″S
66:Botany Bay
4895:Rofe Park
4462:Hyde Park
4306:Lane Cove
4286:Heathcote
4069:Willandra
4014:Cocoparra
3968:Wollumbin
3943:Toonumber
3938:Sea Acres
3858:Kumbatine
3798:Chaelundi
3512:Bald Rock
3456:Heathcote
3380:Wallingat
3345:Saltwater
3285:Coorabakh
3034:Australia
2982:CC-BY 4.0
2886:cite book
2758:29 August
2374:CC-BY 4.0
2346:"{{{2}}}"
2206:4 October
2172:CC-BY 4.0
1908:1838-5958
1707:Compte de
1539:talk page
1404:silvereye
1242:astrolabe
999:In 1815,
866:Astrolabe
772:Endeavour
756:Endeavour
752:Endeavour
729:Country.
686:coolamons
577:Endeavour
484:Australia
465:protected
4266:Dharawal
4165:Kooraban
4135:Budderoo
4130:Budawang
4110:Biamanga
4024:Jindalee
4019:Jimberoo
4004:Benambra
3988:Yuraygir
3953:Washpool
3948:Ulidarra
3928:Ramornie
3923:Nymboida
3913:Nightcap
3848:Hat Head
3813:Dooragan
3758:Bindarri
3717:Washpool
3712:Warrabah
3687:Timbarra
3672:Nymboida
3662:Nowendoc
3632:Maryland
3627:Kwiambal
3622:Koreelah
3612:Indwarra
3582:Couradda
3562:Cataract
3451:Dharawal
3436:Budderoo
3431:Budawang
3390:Werakata
3385:Watagans
3375:Wallarah
3179:Kinchega
3174:Kemendok
3147:Far West
3093:Goulburn
3063:Conimbla
3058:Capertee
3053:Breelong
2839:Archived
2609:Archived
2485:Archived
2361:3 August
2155:. H01918
1826:See also
1475:Features
1380:whimbrel
982:Randwick
950:Thornton
881:Receveur
697:warrigal
690:lomandra
662:Dharawal
549:agencies
523:Tomb of
439:Category
249:Location
196:See also
4409:In the
4346:Wollemi
4276:Garigal
4155:Gourock
4120:Bournda
4049:Minjary
4029:Kalyarr
3888:Mooball
3823:Dunggir
3818:Dorrigo
3743:Arakwal
3697:Towarri
3692:Tooloom
3557:Cascade
3446:Conjola
3400:Wollemi
3370:Tomaree
3365:Towarri
3250:Belford
3240:Barakee
3219:Toorale
3169:Kalyarr
3138:Wollemi
3088:Goobang
2985:licence
2798:. 2011.
2377:licence
2175:licence
1583:scholar
1227:veranda
1208:parapet
1141:Banksia
804:Banksia
702:Banksia
670:Cadigal
666:Gweagal
592:History
551:of the
547:, both
500:Kurnell
253:Kurnell
166: (
4411:Sydney
4321:Nattai
4271:Dharug
4261:Cattai
4210:Nattai
4195:Morton
4160:Gulaga
3973:Yabbra
3878:Mebbin
3793:Carrai
3682:Single
3552:Carrai
3517:Barool
3481:Morton
3441:Bugong
3325:Karuah
3300:Dharug
3270:Bouddi
3159:Culgoa
3118:Popran
3113:Nangar
2910:Colony
2508:Colony
2159:2 June
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688:, and
476:Sydney
360:106162
343:Listed
261:Sydney
116:Sydney
4351:Yengo
4326:Royal
4190:Monga
4105:Beowa
4079:Yanga
3873:Maria
3702:Warra
3491:Royal
3476:Meroo
3410:Yengo
3224:Yanga
3214:Sturt
3194:Mungo
3123:Turon
2842:(PDF)
2835:(PDF)
1703:Comte
1625:Comte
1590:JSTOR
1576:books
989:Yarra
958:Coast
874:Samoa
719:ochre
674:Darug
658:Nowra
460:is a
309:Owner
4145:Deua
3597:Dowe
3395:Woko
2892:link
2760:2010
2617:2018
2591:2018
2561:2018
2493:2018
2363:2018
2208:2017
2161:2018
1904:ISSN
1631:Père
1562:news
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