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the fungus begins by causing purple specks on infected leaves. These then enlarge to cause large spots on the leaf, developing a brown color. The spots appear to have rings of brown with a purple margin, thus giving it its frogeye appearance. The spots can then produce pycnidia which can separate
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out the infected areas on trees, to ensure transfer between trees does not occur. Fruit that is infected can stay on the tree for over a year, and therefore remaining fruit should be removed to avoid another source of inoculation for other trees. The trimmed branches or dead fruit should then be
397:, appears on the fruit. The spot on the fruit then enlarges and black/brown rings appear on the fruit. The fruit holds its shape, however, unlike other fruit diseases. The fruit will then wither up and can remain on the tree for another year before falling off. During this time
590:
Identification of phytotoxins from
Botryosphaeria obtusa, a pathogen of black dead arm disease of grapevine. Jules Désiré Djoukeng, Suzanna Polli, Philippe Larignon and Eliane Abou-Mansour, European Journal of Plant Pathology, Volume 124, Number 2, pages 303-308,
430:. These then enlarge to form cankers, which can then enlarge slightly more each year. The bark usually dies and can, after time, be pulled away from the tree. In older cankers the pycnidia appear on the bark.
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burned or disposed of immediately as the organism can survive on the dead tissue for a long period of time. Infection of leaves and fruit can be avoided by spraying them with a
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on many plant species. On the leaf it is referred to as frogeye leaf spot; this phase typically affects tree and shrubs. In fruit such as the
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can infect where there has been a winter injury or fire blight cankers. Slightly sunken reddish/brown spots appear on the infected areas of
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enters the fruit through wounds. These can be made by insects, birds or growth cracks. At first a brown spot, near the
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this species of fungus from other possible leaf fungi.
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502:"Frogeye Leaf Spot, Black Rot and Canker of Apple"
449:. It has been shown to be able to oxidise wood δ-
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401:appear on the surface of the rotted fruit.
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569:. West Virginia University. Archived from
537:"Black Rot and Frogeye Leaf Spot of Apple"
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507:. University of Kentucky. Archived from
850:Taxa named by Lewis David de Schweinitz
539:. Ohio State University. Archived from
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771:67828e10-4137-4ec2-a8e0-c56d014d2b13
617:West Virginia University - Black Rot
561:Travis, JW; Rytter, JL; Briggs, AR.
830:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
465:The most effective treatment is to
434:Black dead arm disease of grapevine
14:
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422:On twigs, branches and trunks
1:
622:Invasive.org - Image Gallery
334:Wallrothiella eunotiaespora
196:Botryodiplodia juglandicola
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597:10.1007/s10658-008-9419-6
441:is the pathogen of black
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46:Scientific classification
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840:Grapevine trunk diseases
612:USDA ARS Fungal Database
825:Fungi described in 1832
500:Hartman, John (2004).
298:Sphaeria eunotiaespora
226:Eutypella juglandicola
202:Botryosphaeria ambigua
40:Symptoms of black rot
641:Botryosphaeria obtusa
565:Botryosphaeria obtusa
461:Treatment and control
439:Botryosphaeria obtusa
391:Botryosphaeria obtusa
346:Botryosphaeria obtusa
304:Sphaeria juglandicola
280:Physalospora thyoidea
262:Physalospora cydoniae
256:Physalospora cupressi
214:Diplodia juglandicola
155:Botryosphaeria obtusa
25:Botryosphaeria obtusa
353:that causes frogeye
268:Physalospora malorum
835:Apple tree diseases
322:Sphaeropsis malorum
274:Physalospora obtusa
244:Melogramma ambiguum
328:Valsa juglandicola
208:Diplodia griffonii
190:Bagnisiella ilicis
184:Amerodothis ilicis
113:Botryosphaeriaceae
807:
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792:Open Tree of Life
633:Taxon identifiers
405:Frogeye leaf spot
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103:Botryosphaeriales
16:Species of fungus
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845:Eudicot diseases
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573:on 2007-11-11
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563:"Black Rot,
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545:. Retrieved
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717:iNaturalist
535:Ellis, MA.
451:resveratrol
445:disease of
814:Categories
577:2007-10-30
547:2007-10-30
518:2007-10-30
478:References
83:Ascomycota
79:Division:
472:fungicide
447:grapevine
424:B. obtusa
386:Black rot
371:cranberry
359:black rot
355:leaf spot
167:Shoemaker
131:Species:
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
743:MycoBank
735:10925039
691:Fungorum
656:Q4948840
650:Wikidata
443:dead arm
399:pycnidia
381:Symptoms
176:Synonyms
163:Schwein.
109:Family:
59:Domain:
797:5977271
709:2611568
363:cankers
119:Genus:
99:Order:
89:Class:
768:NZOR:
748:327121
722:381418
696:327121
683:BOTSOB
418:Canker
411:leaves
375:quince
169:(1964)
784:27984
730:IRMNG
512:(PDF)
505:(PDF)
467:prune
453:into
395:calyx
367:apple
349:is a
73:Fungi
704:GBIF
678:EPPO
670:MQD3
428:bark
373:and
361:and
756:NBN
665:CoL
593:doi
409:In
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161:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
