769:
44:
886:
65:
647:
456:
2770:
464:
432:
visible at wound sites where the fungus begins to rot the plant. Gray masses with a velvety appearance are conidia on the plant tissues are a sign of plant pathogen. These conidia are asexual spores that will continue to infect the plant and surrounding hosts throughout the growing season making this a polycyclic disease.
903:
A range of phenotypic alterations due to the mycoviral infection have been observed from symptomless to mild impact, or more severe phenotypic changes including reduction in pathogenicity, growth/suppression of mycelia, sporulation and sclerotia production, formation of abnormal colony sectors (Wu et
731:
available on the market. Generally, these should be applied at bloom, bunch closure and veraison (the most important being the bloom application). Some winemakers are known to use the German method of fermentation and prefer having a 5% bunch rot rate in their grapes and will usually hold the grapes
601:
Standing water on plant leaf surfaces provides a place for spores to germinate. Humid conditions can result from improper irrigation practice, plants placed too close together, or the structure of the greenhouse not allowing for efficient ventilation and air flow. Ventilation at night significantly
431:
is a soft rot that will have a collapsed and water soaked appearance on soft fruit and leaves. Brown lesions may develop slowly on undeveloped fruit. Twigs infected with gray mold will die back. Blossoms will cause fruit drop and injury, such as ridging on developing and mature fruit. Symptoms are
418:
can infect mature or senescent tissues, plants prior to harvest, or seedlings. There is a wide variety of hosts infected by this pathogen including protein crops, fiber crops, oil crops, and horticultural crops. Horticultural crops include vegetables (examples are chickpeas, lettuce, broccoli, and
755:
and bulb crops. Unlike wine grapes, the affected strawberries are not edible and are discarded. To minimize infection in strawberry fields, good ventilation around the berries is important to prevent moisture being trapped among leaves and berries. A number of bacteria have been proven to act as
937:
by removing dead or dying plant tissue in the fall will decrease inoculum levels as there is no debris for the sclerotium or mycelia to overwinter. Removing debris in the spring will remove inoculum from the site. Disposal of berries during harvest that have signs and symptoms of gray mold will
918:
There are no resistant species to the gray mold rot. Gray mold can be culturally controlled by monitoring the amount and timing of fertilizer applications to reduce the amount of fruit rot. Excessive application of nitrogen will increase the incidence of disease while not improving yields.
726:
that causes great losses for the wine industry. It is always present on the fruitset, however, it requires a wound to start a bunch rot infection. Wounds can come from insects, wind, accidental damage, etc. To control botrytis bunch rot there are a number of
926:
that have an upright or dense growth habit can reduce disease as these limit airflow and are favorable for the pathogen. Spacing of plants so they are not touching will increase airflow allowing the area to dry out and reduce the spread of disease.
1821:
Cannabis is highly susceptible to diseases caused by fungal growth. Densely packed buds and flowering tops hold high content of moisture that allows for infestation by molds such as
Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium species
419:
beans) and small fruit crops (examples are grape, strawberry, raspberry, and blackberry), these are most severely affected and devastated by gray mold. Plant organs affected include fruits, flowers, leaves, storage organs, and shoots.
685:), the fungus removes water from the grapes, leaving behind a higher percent of solids, such as sugars, fruit acids and minerals. This results in a more intense, concentrated final product. The wine is often said to have an aroma of
1855:
Urban, L.; Chabane Sari, D.; Orsal, B.; Lopes, M.; Miranda, R.; Aarrouf, J. (2018). "UV-C light and pulsed light as alternatives to chemical and biological elicitors for stimulating plant natural defenses against fungal diseases".
692:
A distinct fermentation process initially caused by nature, the combination of geology, climate and specific weather led to the particular balance of beneficial fungus while leaving enough of the grape intact for harvesting. The
586:
Gray mold favors moist, humid, and warm environmental conditions between 65â75 °F (18â24 °C). Temperature, relative humidity, and wetness duration produce a conducive environment that is favorable for inoculation of
212:
The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of infections on grapes. The first, grey rot, is the result of consistently wet or humid conditions, and typically results in the loss of the affected bunches. The second,
413:
plants found in temperate and subtropical regions, and potentially over a thousand species. Serious economic losses can be a result of this disease to both field and greenhouse grown crops. The causal agent,
2014:
Harel, Yael Meller; Elad, Yigal; Rav-David, Dalia; Borenstein, Menachem; Shulchani, Ran; Lew, Beni; Graber, Ellen R. (2012). "Biochar mediates systemic response of strawberry to foliar fungal pathogens".
1165:
Sare, Abdoul Razack; Jijakli, M. Haissam; Massart, Sebastien (2021). "Microbial ecology to support integrative efficacy improvement of biocontrol agents for postharvest diseases management".
1954:
McLoughlin, Austein G.; Wytinck, Nick; Walker, Philip L.; Girard, Ian J.; Rashid, Khalid Y.; Kievit, Teresa de; Fernando, W. G. Dilantha; Whyard, Steve; Belmonte, Mark F. (9 May 2018).
1590:
523:
The hypothetical protein BcKMO was shown to positively regulate growth and development. It showed a great similarity to the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase encoding gene in eukaryotes.
1645:
Amselem, Joelle; Cuomo, Christina A.; Kan, Jan A. L. van; Viaud, Muriel; Benito, Ernesto P.; Couloux, Arnaud; Coutinho, Pedro M.; Vries, Ronald P. de; Dyer, Paul S. (2011-08-18).
951:
Gray mold can be chemically controlled with well-timed fungicide applications starting during the first bloom. Timing can reduce the chance of resistance and will save on costs.
1786:
Van Eerden, E. (1974, August). Growing season production of western conifers. In Proc. North
American Containerized Forest Tree Seedling Symp., Denver, Colorado (pp. 93-103)
443:, as a necrotrophic pathogen, exploits the dead tissue for its pathogenicity or its ability to cause disease. Susceptible plants cannot use the HR to protect against
3143:
2923:
595:. Controlled environments, such as crop production greenhouses, provide the moisture and high temperatures that favor the spreading and development of the pathogen
2975:
3251:
2696:
2634:
3117:
2897:
2374:
1084:
Williamson, Brian; Tudzynski, Bettina; Tudzynski, Paul; Van Kan, Jan a. L. (2007-09-01). "Botrytis cinerea: the cause of grey mould disease".
624:, like oxalic acid. By acidifying its surroundings, cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) are enhanced, plant-protection enzymes are inhibited,
2998:
2250:
1814:
1138:
313:
3261:
2871:
2300:
768:
497:, both of which germinate in spring to produce conidiophores. The conidia, dispersed by wind and by rain-water, cause new infections.
2354:
2280:
613:
to survive for years in the soil. Sclerotia and the asexual conidia spores contribute to the widespread infection of the pathogen.
2116:
1956:"Identification and application of exogenous dsRNA confers plant protection against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea"
3281:
3024:
3266:
3271:
1338:
1275:
435:
Plants can produce localized lesions when a pathogen attacks. An oxidative burst causes hypersensitive cell death called a
3256:
3182:
2962:
2727:
2359:
985:
547:
931:
or purposeful removal of diseased, dead, or overgrown limbs on a regular schedule can also help to improve air movement.
2737:
1167:
1047:
871:
852:
571:
1064:
2379:
965:
837:
948:
to strawberry plants to reduce the severity of the fungal disease by stimulating defense pathways within the plant.
2506:
1059:
2980:
2069:
1840:
B. cinera often colonizes senescent leaves and flowers, and from these footholds it invades the rest of the plant.
43:
2701:
2599:
2511:
2429:
2243:
64:
1601:
Morgan, Walter M. (1984-06-01). "The effect of night temperature and glasshouse ventilation on the incidence of
3246:
2629:
2609:
1453:
1215:
575:
719:
and often results in the fermentation stopping before the wine has accumulated sufficient levels of alcohol.
3286:
2711:
2564:
2305:
2285:
1858:
1269:
Cosseboom, Scott D.; Schnabel, Guido; Hu, Mengjun (2020). "Competitive ability of multi-fungicide resistant
436:
198:
2788:
2732:
2586:
2439:
309:
288:
958:
used for disease suppression, have been successfully used in Europe and Brazil in the form of fungi-like
2668:
2614:
2434:
2061:
960:
159:
2826:
694:
3197:
3109:
3078:
3029:
2990:
2889:
2858:
2773:
2236:
1967:
1911:"Genome characterization of a debilitation-associated mitovirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus
955:
3174:
2954:
2686:
2663:
1720:
van Kan, Jan A. L. (May 2006). "Licensed to kill: the lifestyle of a necrotrophic plant pathogen".
885:
708:
230:
2196:"Molecular phylogeny of the plant pathogenic genus Botrytis and the evolution of host specificity"
2644:
2394:
2151:
2040:
2032:
1887:
1434:
1312:
1196:
512:
59:
3148:
2928:
3276:
3218:
3065:
3011:
2845:
2624:
2217:
2143:
2105:
1993:
1936:
1879:
1810:
1745:
1737:
1702:
1684:
1622:
1568:
1560:
1426:
1418:
1304:
1296:
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1238:
1188:
1134:
1109:
1101:
136:
3223:
2655:
2554:
2207:
2180:
2135:
2122:
BĂŒttner P, Koch F, Voigt K, et al. (May 1994). "Variations in ploidy among isolates of
2095:
2024:
1983:
1975:
1926:
1871:
1729:
1692:
1676:
1666:
1614:
1550:
1540:
1476:
1408:
1288:
1246:
1228:
1180:
1093:
803:
776:
505:
241:
for "grapes like ashes"; although poetic, the "grapes" refers to the bunching of the fungal
222:
3016:
455:
3205:
2747:
2706:
2691:
2482:
2472:
1069:
807:
682:
672:
126:
667:
1971:
3104:
2884:
2649:
2541:
2467:
2335:
1988:
1955:
1697:
1646:
1251:
1210:
945:
820:
526:
1413:
1393:"The hypersensitive response facilitates plant infection by the necrotrophic pathogen
1392:
1184:
3240:
2444:
2404:
2185:
2164:
2100:
2079:
1906:
1618:
1316:
1200:
1097:
1055:
1023:
410:
106:
2155:
2044:
1891:
1438:
2619:
2531:
2521:
2449:
2369:
2295:
2275:
1795:
Brix, Holger, and H. Barker. "Rooting studies of western hemlock cuttings." (1975).
716:
698:
629:
621:
486:
218:
206:
191:
3070:
2850:
1875:
1733:
1233:
217:, occurs when drier conditions follow wetter, and can result in distinctive sweet
2163:
Vallejo, I.; Santos, M.; Cantoral, J. M.; Collado, I. G.; Rebordinos, L. (2004).
1671:
1292:
1128:
3187:
3169:
3130:
2967:
2949:
2910:
2820:
2497:
2424:
2259:
1931:
1910:
1836:
Hemp
Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control: An Advanced Treatise
1368:"UC IPM: UC Management Guidelines for Botrytis Diseases And Disorders on Citrus"
1339:"Botrytis Fruit Rot / Gray Mold on Strawberry | NC State Extension Publications"
1211:"Non-Target Site Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: A Review"
811:
686:
677:
646:
493:
as survival structures in older cultures. It overwinters as sclerotia or intact
406:
202:
3056:
2811:
1979:
1545:
1524:
1523:
Ciliberti, Nicola; Fermaud, Marc; Roudet, Jean; Rossi, Vittorio (August 2015).
2757:
2639:
2487:
2389:
2084:
virulence factors: new insights into a necrotrophic and polyphageous pathogen"
2028:
1529:
Infection of Mature Grape
Berries More Than the Strain or Transposon Genotype"
1480:
1130:
Botrytis â the Fungus, the
Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems
934:
752:
606:
490:
467:
262:
258:
116:
96:
1883:
1766:
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1002:
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897:
728:
651:
641:
471:
463:
295:
284:
214:
76:
2221:
2109:
1997:
1940:
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1308:
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1113:
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2147:
17:
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2310:
1867:
1284:
1176:
923:
815:
799:
655:
592:
588:
537:
482:
254:
246:
2036:
197:
that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be
3122:
2902:
2574:
2569:
2526:
2477:
2384:
2139:
1680:
1555:
941:
928:
841:
795:
628:
closure is deregulated, and pH signaling is mediated to facilitate its
494:
3135:
2915:
1805:
Lata, Hemant; ElSohly, Mahmoud A.; Chandra, Suman, eds. (2017-05-23).
701:
Sauternes, largely due to the vineyard's susceptibility to noble rot.
257:(asexual form) name, because the sexual phase is rarely observed. The
3161:
2941:
915:
can be managed through cultural, chemical, and biological practices.
788:
242:
226:
194:
86:
2782:
3096:
2492:
2328:
2290:
1496:"Disease Management: Gray Mold on Tomato and Ghost Spot on Pepper"
884:
767:
645:
625:
567:
462:
454:
238:
175:
3003:
2752:
2594:
2549:
1224:
825:
542:
3083:
2863:
2786:
2232:
2228:
874:(a respiratory allergic reaction in predisposed individuals).
439:(HR). This soft rot can trigger HR to assist in colonization.
249:, and "ashes" just refers to the greyish colour of the spores
1048:
2078:
Choquer M, Fournier E, Kunz C, et al. (December 2007).
722:
Botrytis bunch rot is another condition of grapes caused by
1809:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International. p. 275.
982:
species especially, have been shown to control gray mold.
616:
A low pH is preferred by the gray mold to perform well.
1647:"Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens
1771:
on
Strawberry Fruit by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria
2194:
Staats M, van
Baarlen P, van Kan JA (February 2005).
855:. Potassium bicarbonate-based fungicide may be used.
2126:: implications for genetic and molecular analyses".
1765:
Donmez, M. F.; Esitken, A.; Yildiz, H.; Ercisli, S.
751:
It is economically important on soft fruits such as
485:(asexual spores) borne on grey, branching tree-like
209:, it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold".
3040:
2795:
2720:
2677:
2583:
2540:
2458:
2415:
2345:
2266:
1850:
1848:
787:is well known as a cause of considerable damage in
205:, it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in
1761:
1759:
1589:Elad, Y. and Evensen, K.. Publication 3 April 1995
501:performs an asexual cycle over the summer season.
1838:. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CABI. p. 95.
1834:McPartland, JM; Clarke, RC; Watson, DP (2000).
1454:"Morphological development and interactions of
896:not only infects plants, it also hosts several
427:Symptoms vary across plant organs and tissues.
405:The disease, gray mold, affects more than 200
2244:
1807:Cannabis Sativa L. - Botany and Biotechnology
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1127:Fillinger, Sabine; Elad, Yigal, eds. (2016).
294:(ÎČÏÏÏÏ
Ï) meaning "grapes", combined with the
8:
2697:Effects of climate change on wine production
1273:in a blackberry planting over three years".
715:produces an anti-fungal compound that kills
489:. The fungus also produces highly resistant
1777:, 21(4), 2011: pp. 758-763, ISSN 1018-7081.
1391:Govrin, Eri M.; Levine, Alex (2000-06-01).
253:. The fungus is usually referred to by its
2783:
2251:
2237:
2229:
1775:The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences
944:, a form of charcoal, can be applied as a
42:
31:
2211:
2184:
2099:
1987:
1930:
1696:
1670:
1554:
1544:
1412:
1250:
1232:
620:can acidify its environment by secreting
938:reduce inoculum for the following year.
1585:Physiological Aspects of Resistance to
1014:
988:is a problem in many production areas.
732:on the vine a week longer than normal.
556:. An even higher overexpression yields
508:show considerable genetic variability.
2009:
2007:
1905:Wu M. D.; Zhang L.; Li G.; Jiang D.;
1640:
1638:
1636:
1276:Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
1133:. Springer International Publishing.
481:is characterized by abundant hyaline
316:. Synonyms for the sexual stage are:
7:
3198:57eff20f-d284-4f59-8a85-d49af88f9793
2991:167a5bbd-7b01-4ce3-bf12-6567f964be46
1362:
1360:
1358:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1079:
1077:
1022:Richards, Helen (22 December 2014).
602:reduces the incidence of gray mold.
314:Karl Wilhelm Gottlieb Leopold Fuckel
3252:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
1469:Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology
1209:Hu, Mengjun; Chen, Shuning (2021).
689:and a bitter finish on the palate.
2301:International Grape Genome Program
1168:Postharvest Biology and Technology
25:
2281:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1525:"Environmental Conditions Affect
1185:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111572
2769:
2768:
2186:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1996.00031.x
2101:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2007.00930.x
1605:in a late-planted tomato crop".
1098:10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x
665:infection known as "noble rot" (
312:in honor of another mycologist,
63:
836:, 2017. They find it increases
900:itself (see the table/image).
1:
2728:Glossary of viticulture terms
2360:Diurnal temperature variation
2165:"Chromosomal polymorphism in
1876:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.057
1734:10.1016/j.tplants.2006.03.005
1414:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00560-1
1234:10.3390/microorganisms9030502
986:Multiple fungicide resistance
548:multiple fungicide resistance
2738:Glossary of winemaking terms
1672:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002230
1619:10.1016/0261-2194(84)90058-9
1293:10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.008
872:hypersensitivity pneumonitis
832:was investigated by VĂ squez
783:In greenhouse horticulture,
540:of the transcription factor
1932:10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.010
840:activity and production of
838:phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
794:The infection also affects
743:affects many other plants.
711:process during winemaking.
3303:
3262:Fungal strawberry diseases
2507:Integrated pest management
1980:10.1038/s41598-018-25434-4
1546:10.1094/PHYTO-10-14-0264-R
1049:
904:al., 2010) and virulence.
866:mold on grapes may cause "
639:
570:phenotypes with even more
2766:
2702:Environmental stewardship
2029:10.1007/s11104-012-1129-3
1481:10.1080/07060669709500518
1086:Molecular Plant Pathology
844:. This in turn decreases
546:, which in turn confer a
538:produces altered versions
165:
158:
60:Scientific classification
58:
50:
41:
34:
2630:Great French Wine Blight
1649:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
1452:Yu H, Sutton JC (1997).
516:is a fungal parasite of
409:plant species and a few
389:(de Bary) Fuckel, (1870)
308:was named by mycologist
54:infection on strawberry
3282:Fungi described in 1794
2712:Sustainable agriculture
2493:Frost damage prevention
2375:Regional climate levels
2062:Genome information for
1722:Trends in Plant Science
1065:A GreekâEnglish Lexicon
954:Biological controls or
760:in controlled studies.
756:natural antagonists to
470:with a ring of visible
437:hypersensitive response
370:Phymatotrichum gemellum
333:(Bonord.) Sacc., (1881)
3267:Fungal citrus diseases
3042:Botryotinia fuckeliana
2733:Glossary of wine terms
1859:Scientia Horticulturae
890:
780:
773:Botryotinia fuckeliana
658:
475:
460:
386:Sclerotinia fuckeliana
341:(Schwein.) Fr., (1832)
310:Heinrich Anton de Bary
305:Botryotinia fuckeliana
287:" is derived from the
268:Botryotinia fuckeliana
3272:Fungal grape diseases
2213:10.1093/molbev/msi020
1056:Liddell, Henry George
1024:"What is... Botrytis"
961:Trichoderma harzianum
956:microbial antagonists
888:
771:
699:Premier Cru Supérieur
649:
466:
458:
3257:Small fruit diseases
2088:FEMS Microbiol. Lett
1343:content.ces.ncsu.edu
275:(see taxonomy box).
261:(sexual form) is an
237:is derived from the
2687:Adaptive management
2070:Genome analysis of
1972:2018NatSR...8.7320M
1267: •
1207: •
1163: •
560:composed partly of
550:phenotype known as
349:(Pers.) Fr., (1832)
325:N.F. Buchw., (1949)
322:Botrytis fuckeliana
273:Botryotinia cinerea
233:. The species name
2605:Botrytis bunch rot
2425:Grapevine planting
2355:Climate categories
2140:10.1007/BF00351784
1456:Gliocladium roseum
976:Gliocladium roseum
967:Clonostachys rosea
891:
870:", a rare form of
828:treatment against
781:
659:
572:anilinopyrimidine-
513:Gliocladium roseum
476:
474:(dark brown balls)
461:
423:Symptoms and signs
396:Hosts and symptoms
378:Polyactis vulgaris
3234:
3233:
3219:Open Tree of Life
3012:Open Tree of Life
2789:Taxon identifiers
2780:
2779:
2625:Grapevine yellows
2117:TheWineDoctor.com
1816:978-3-319-54563-9
1587:Botrytis cinerea.
1494:Roberts, Pamela.
1140:978-3-319-23370-3
868:winegrower's lung
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
346:Botrytis vulgaris
342:
334:
326:
183:
182:
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
3294:
3227:
3226:
3214:
3213:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:NBNSYS0000017072
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3019:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2968:NBNSYS0000143107
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:Botrytis cinerea
2816:
2815:
2814:
2797:Botrytis cinerea
2784:
2772:
2771:
2656:Uncinula necator
2645:Pierce's disease
2253:
2246:
2239:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2190:
2188:
2167:Botvytis cinerea
2159:
2124:Botrytis cinerea
2113:
2103:
2082:Botrytis cinerea
2072:Botrytis cinerea
2064:Botrytis cinerea
2049:
2048:
2023:(1â2): 245â257.
2011:
2002:
2001:
1991:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1913:Botrytis cinerea
1902:
1896:
1895:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1769:Botrytis Cinerea
1763:
1754:
1753:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1674:
1653:Botrytis cinerea
1642:
1631:
1630:
1603:Botrytis cinerea
1598:
1592:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1558:
1548:
1539:(8): 1090â1096.
1527:Botrytis cinerea
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1466:
1460:Botrytis cinerea
1449:
1443:
1442:
1416:
1395:Botrytis cinerea
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1335:
1324:
1320:
1271:Botrytis cinerea
1264:
1254:
1236:
1204:
1158:
1145:
1144:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1081:
1072:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
913:Botrytis cinerea
894:Botrytis cinerea
880:Botrytis cinerea
864:Botrytis cinerea
850:
804:white meadowfoam
785:Botrytis cinerea
741:Botrytis cinerea
707:complicates the
668:pourriture noble
565:
564:
555:
554:
535:
534:
479:Botrytis cinerea
441:Botrytis cinerea
416:Botrytis cinerea
411:monocotyledonous
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
330:Botrytis gemella
324:
271:, also known as
235:Botrytis cinerea
231:GrasÄ de Cotnari
187:Botrytis cinerea
171:
169:Botrytis cinerea
68:
67:
52:Botrytis cinerea
46:
36:Botrytis cinerea
32:
21:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3247:Sclerotiniaceae
3237:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3222:
3217:
3209:
3206:Observation.org
3204:
3196:
3194:
3186:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2791:
2781:
2776:
2762:
2748:Outline of wine
2716:
2707:Organic farming
2692:Biodynamic wine
2679:
2673:
2664:Red spider mite
2585:
2579:
2536:
2498:Green harvest (
2483:Erosion control
2460:
2454:
2435:Row orientation
2417:
2411:
2347:
2341:
2286:Grape varieties
2268:
2262:
2257:
2200:Mol. Biol. Evol
2193:
2162:
2121:
2077:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1764:
1757:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1665:(8): e1002230.
1644:
1643:
1634:
1607:Crop Protection
1600:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1580:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1407:(13): 751â757.
1401:Current Biology
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1337:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1268:
1208:
1164:
1159:
1148:
1141:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1070:Perseus Project
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1011:
994:
910:
883:
878:Mycoviruses of
861:
848:
808:western hemlock
766:
749:
738:
695:Chateau d'Yquem
650:Manifesting as
644:
638:
584:
562:
561:
552:
551:
532:
531:
453:
425:
403:
398:
393:
373:Bonord., (1851)
354:Haplaria grisea
338:Botrytis grisea
281:
179:
173:
167:
154:
151:B. cinerea
127:Sclerotiniaceae
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3300:
3298:
3290:
3289:
3287:Fungus species
3284:
3279:
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3269:
3264:
3259:
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3249:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
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2755:
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2730:
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2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2650:Powdery mildew
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2500:Vendange verte
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2440:Trellis design
2437:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
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2407:
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2397:
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2351:
2349:
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2340:
2339:
2336:Vitis vinifera
2332:
2325:
2320:
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2303:
2298:
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2283:
2278:
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2256:
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2241:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2191:
2160:
2119:
2114:
2075:
2067:
2057:
2056:External links
2054:
2051:
2050:
2017:Plant and Soil
2003:
1946:
1925:(1): 117â126.
1907:Ghabrial S. A.
1897:
1844:
1826:
1815:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1767:Biocontrol of
1755:
1728:(5): 247â253.
1712:
1632:
1613:(2): 243â251.
1593:
1578:
1533:Phytopathology
1515:
1486:
1475:(3): 237â246.
1444:
1383:
1354:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1265:
1216:Microorganisms
1205:
1160:
1146:
1139:
1119:
1092:(5): 561â580.
1073:
1040:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
993:
990:
974:Bainier (syn.
946:soil amendment
909:
906:
882:
876:
860:
857:
853:susceptibility
821:Lactuca sativa
765:
762:
748:
745:
737:
734:
640:Main article:
637:
634:
583:
580:
576:phenylpyrrole-
527:Overexpression
452:
449:
424:
421:
407:dicotyledonous
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
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383:
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351:
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327:
318:
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2445:Vine training
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2346:Environmental
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2133:
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2010:
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1659:PLOS Genetics
1656:
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1372:ipm.ucanr.edu
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1060:Scott, Robert
1057:
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922:Not planting
920:
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859:Human disease
858:
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623:
622:organic acids
619:
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536:
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521:
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488:
487:conidiophores
484:
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446:
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433:
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420:
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381:Pers., (1809)
379:
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344:
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331:
328:
323:
320:
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302:for disease.
301:
297:
293:
290:
289:Ancient Greek
286:
278:
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264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:conidiophores
244:
240:
236:
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228:
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216:
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160:Binomial name
157:
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105:
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2654:
2620:Downy mildew
2604:
2532:Weed control
2522:Millerandage
2499:
2370:Microclimate
2334:
2327:
2309:
2296:Hybrid grape
2276:Ampelography
2269:horticulture
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1506:. Retrieved
1503:IPM Floridia
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1489:
1472:
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1455:
1447:
1404:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
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1220:
1214:
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1129:
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1033:24 September
1031:. Retrieved
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772:
764:Other plants
757:
753:strawberries
750:
747:Strawberries
740:
739:
736:Horticulture
723:
721:
712:
709:fermentation
704:
703:
697:is the only
691:
676:
666:
662:
660:
630:pathogenesis
617:
615:
610:
604:
600:
596:
585:
578:resistance.
557:
541:
530:
529:of the gene
525:
522:
517:
511:
510:
503:
498:
478:
477:
459:Conidiophore
444:
440:
434:
428:
426:
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385:
377:
369:
361:
357:Link, (1809)
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
304:
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299:
291:
282:
272:
267:
266:
250:
234:
211:
207:horticulture
192:necrotrophic
186:
185:
184:
168:
166:
150:
149:
137:
51:
35:
29:
3170:NatureServe
3131:iNaturalist
2950:NatureServe
2911:iNaturalist
2821:Wikispecies
2430:Propagation
2267:Biology and
2260:Viticulture
2128:Curr. Genet
2094:(1): 1â10.
1966:(1): 7320.
1870:: 452â459.
1681:10871/25762
1556:10807/69950
1508:11 December
980:Trichoderma
898:mycoviruses
889:Mycoviruses
812:Douglas-fir
687:honeysuckle
636:Viticulture
597:B. cinerea.
582:Environment
566:, yielding
203:viticulture
199:wine grapes
3241:Categories
2758:Winemaking
2680:and issues
2678:Approaches
2640:Phylloxera
2610:Bot canker
2512:Irrigation
2488:Fertilizer
2461:management
2390:Topography
2380:Soil types
1377:2017-12-11
1348:2017-12-11
1179:: 111572.
1009:References
964:Rifai and
935:Sanitation
908:Management
830:B. cinerea
777:Goudreinet
758:B. cinerea
729:fungicides
724:B. cinerea
618:B. cinerea
611:B. cinerea
607:sclerotium
605:Melanized
518:B. cinerea
504:Different
499:B. cinerea
468:Petri dish
445:B. cinerea
429:B. cinerea
362:fuckeliana
263:ascomycete
259:teleomorph
221:, such as
117:Helotiales
97:Ascomycota
93:Division:
18:Botrytized
3175:2.1072580
2955:2.1072584
2669:Vine moth
2635:Nematodes
2600:Black rot
2584:Pests and
2560:Noble rot
2555:Festivals
2400:elevation
2348:variation
2318:Rootstock
2179:: 31â38.
2173:Hereditas
1884:0304-4238
1742:1360-1385
1689:1553-7404
1627:0261-2194
1565:0031-949X
1423:0960-9822
1317:209578874
1301:0048-3575
1243:2076-2607
1201:236245543
1193:0925-5214
1106:1364-3703
1028:JFT Wines
1003:Noble rot
998:Botrydial
924:cultivars
846:L. sativa
842:phenolics
800:snowdrops
678:EdelfÀule
652:noble rot
642:Noble rot
491:sclerotia
472:sclerotia
296:Neo-Latin
279:Etymology
245:on their
223:Sauternes
215:noble rot
145:Species:
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
3277:Oenology
3157:MycoBank
3149:11317750
3105:Fungorum
3057:Q2911830
3051:Wikidata
2937:MycoBank
2929:11676247
2885:Fungorum
2835:BioLib:
2812:Q1135851
2806:Wikidata
2774:Category
2743:Oenology
2721:See also
2615:Dead arm
2587:diseases
2565:Ripeness
2517:Klopotec
2459:Vineyard
2418:planting
2416:Vineyard
2365:Drainage
2323:Vineyard
2311:Veraison
2306:Ripening
2222:15496556
2169:strains"
2156:10886741
2110:17986079
2045:16186999
2037:24370313
1998:29743510
1941:20674953
1919:Virology
1909:(2010).
1892:90436989
1868:Elsevier
1750:16616579
1707:21876677
1573:26218433
1439:17294773
1431:10898976
1309:31973844
1285:Elsevier
1261:33673517
1177:Elsevier
1114:20507522
992:See also
816:cannabis
789:tomatoes
713:Botrytis
705:Botrytis
663:Botrytis
656:Riesling
626:stomatal
589:mycelium
285:Botrytis
255:anamorph
251:en masse
138:Botrytis
123:Family:
73:Domain:
3224:5457039
3123:2583458
2903:2583139
2575:Weather
2570:Vintage
2542:Harvest
2527:Pruning
2478:Coulure
2385:Terroir
2148:8082191
1989:5943259
1968:Bibcode
1960:Sci Rep
1698:3158057
1287:: 1â7.
1252:7997439
1227:: 502.
1068:at the
942:Biochar
929:Pruning
796:rhubarb
661:In the
609:allows
593:conidia
563:Î497V/L
506:strains
495:mycelia
483:conidia
451:Biology
365:de Bary
298:suffix
292:botrys
133:Genus:
113:Order:
103:Class:
3195:NZOR:
3162:284645
3136:407496
3110:284645
3097:BOTRCI
3084:189846
3030:100261
3004:100261
2988:NZOR:
2942:217312
2916:324263
2890:217312
2864:187946
2838:255052
2468:Canopy
2395:aspect
2291:Grapes
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1996:
1986:
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683:German
673:French
243:spores
227:Tokaji
195:fungus
178:(1794)
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3144:IRMNG
3025:WoRMS
3017:17713
2981:40559
2924:IRMNG
2877:20261
2872:EUNIS
2595:Birds
2450:Yield
2405:slope
2329:Vitis
2152:S2CID
2041:S2CID
2033:JSTOR
1888:S2CID
1499:(PDF)
1465:(PDF)
1435:S2CID
1313:S2CID
1223:(3).
1197:S2CID
971:rosea
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779:apple
775:on a
717:yeast
675:, or
568:MDR1h
401:Hosts
300:-itis
239:Latin
229:, or
201:. In
190:is a
176:Pers.
87:Fungi
3118:GBIF
3092:EPPO
3071:MQGN
2999:OBIS
2976:NCBI
2898:GBIF
2851:MQKP
2753:Wine
2550:Brix
2473:Clos
2218:PMID
2144:PMID
2106:PMID
1994:PMID
1937:PMID
1880:ISSN
1822:etc.
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1651:and
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1864:235
1730:doi
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