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as in a pot, and allowed to spread on a trellis or roof. In rural areas, many houses with thatched roofs are covered with the gourd vines. Bottle gourds grow very rapidly and their stems can reach a length of 9 m in the summer, so they need a solid support along the stem if they are to climb a pole or trellis. If planted under a tall tree, the vine may grow up to the top of the tree. To obtain more fruit, farmers sometimes cut off the tip of the vine when it has grown to 6–8 feet in length. This forces the plant to produce side branches that will bear flowers and yield more fruit.
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2230:, who is associated with medicine. Li Tieguai's gourd was said to carry medicine that could cure any illness and never emptied, which he dispensed to the poor and needy. Some folk myths say the "gourd had spirals of smoke ascend from it, denoting his power of setting his spirit free from his body," and that it "served as a bedroom for the night..." The gourd is also an attribute of the deity
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The plant produces night blooming white flowers. The male flowers have long peduncles and the females have short ones with an ovary in the shape of the fruit. Sometimes the female flowers drop off without growing into a gourd due to the failure of pollination if there is no night pollinator (probably
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Bottle gourds are grown by direct sowing of seeds or transplanting 15- to 20-day-old seedlings. The plant prefers well-drained, moist, organic rich soil. It requires plenty of moisture in the growing season and a warm, sunny position, sheltered from the wind. It can be cultivated in small places such
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cucurbitacins present in fruits and vegetables of the cucumber family are responsible for the bitter taste, and could cause stomach ulcers. In extreme cases, people have died from drinking the juice of gourds. The toxic cases are usually due to the gourd being used to make juice, which the drinkers
2871:
Calabash's watertight features allowed it to be often used as container to ship seeds across the translantic slave trade. They were also used by enslaved people to carry seeds for planting on plantation fields. On plantations that held enslaved
African Americans, the Calabash symbolized freedom—as
724:, which may be source plants and not merely domesticated stands, were reported in Zimbabwe in 2004. This apparent wild plant produces thinner-walled fruit that, when dried, would not endure the rigors of use on long journeys as a water container. Today's gourd may owe its tough, waterproof wall to
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culture, the gourd is eaten during Rosh
Hashana (Jewish New Year's Eve). According to the texts the gourd is eaten as a symbol of tearing apart the enemies who may come and attack. It is called Qaraa, which in Hebrew means "torn" קרע. "שיקרעו אויבנו מעלינו" meaning "may our enemies be torn apart
2330:
the word "calabash" refers to a large serving bowl, usually made from hardwood rather than from the calabash gourd, which is used on a buffet table or in the middle of the dining table. The use of the calabash in Hawaii has led to terms like "calabash family" or "calabash cousins", indicating an
758:
The mystery of the bottle gourd – namely that this
African or Eurasian species was being grown in the Americas over 8,000 years ago – comes from the difficulty in understanding how it arrived in the Americas. The bottle gourd was theorized to have drifted across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to
1952:
In Sicily, mostly in the
Palermo area, a traditional soup called "Minestra di Tenerumi" is made with the tender leaves of var. Longissima along with peeled tomato and garlic. The young leaves are themselves called "tenerumi", and Lagenaria in Sicily is cultivated both professionally and in home
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described as being unusually bitter. In three of the lethal cases, the victims were diabetics in their 50s and 60s. In 2018, a healthy woman in her 40s was hospitalized for severe reactions after consuming the juice and died three days later from complications.
3838:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1504:
2895:. According to American consular reports from the early 20th century calabash pipes were commonly used in South Africa. Calabash was said to bestow a "special softness" of flavor that could not be duplicated by other materials. The lining was made of
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Dried calabash were also used as containers for liquids, often liquors or medicines. Calabash gourds were also grown in earthen molds to form different shapes with imprinted floral or arabesque designs. Molded gourds were also dried to house
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genomes of a broad sample of bottle gourds, and concluded that North and South
American specimens were most closely related to wild African variants and could have drifted over the ocean several or many times, as long as 10,000 years ago.
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708:, whereas in Africa, despite decades of high-quality archaeobotanical research, the earliest record of its occurrence remains the 1884 report of a bottle gourd being recovered from a 12th Dynasty tomb at Thebes dating to ca. 4,000
2097:
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Decker-Walters, Deena S; Wilkins-Ellert, Mary; Chung, Sang-Min; Staub, Jack E (2004). "Discovery and
Genetic Assessment of Wild Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria Siceraria (Mol.) Standley; Cucurbitaceae] from Zimbabwe".
579:. The gourd was one of the world's first cultivated plants grown not primarily for food, but for use as containers. The bottle gourd may have been carried from Asia to Africa, Europe, and the Americas in the course of
880:
1935:
In Sri Lanka, it is used in combination with rice to make a variety of milk rice, which is a popular dish in Sri Lanka. Different types of curries are also made using this, specially white curries with coconut milk.
771:, which they based on a study of the genetics of archaeological samples. This study purportedly showed that gourds in American archaeological finds were more closely related to Asian variants than to African ones.
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Calabash fruits have a variety of shapes: they can be huge and rounded, small and bottle-shaped, or slim and serpentine, and they can grow to be over a metre long. Rounder varieties are typically called
2911:, never mentioned Holmes using a calabash pipe. It was the preferred pipe for stage actors portraying Holmes, because they could balance this pipe better than other styles while delivering their lines.
1987:
Hollowed-out and dried calabashes are a very typical utensil in households across West Africa. They are used to clean rice, carry water, and as food containers. Smaller sizes are used as bowls to drink
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The calabash is used as a resonator in many string instruments in India. Instruments that look like guitars are made of wood, but can have a calabash resonator at the end of the strings table, called
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First crop is ready for harvest within two months; first flowers open in about 45 days from sowing. Each plant can yield 1 fruit per day for the next 45 days if enough nutrients are available.
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have two large calabash resonators at both ends of the strings table. The instrument, Gopichand used by the Baul singers of Bengal is made out of calabash. The practice is also common among
3736:
Puri, Rajesh; Sud, Randhir; Khaliq, Abdul; Kumar, Mandhir; Jain, Sanjay (September 2011). "Gastrointestinal toxicity due to bitter bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)─a report of 15 cases".
2453:. These gourds are valuable items and they are carefully tended; for example, they are sometimes given injections to stop worms and insects from making holes in them while they are drying.
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2923:. Along the upper Congo River an enema apparatus is made by making a hole in one end of the gourd for filling it, and using a resin to attach a hollow cane to the gourd's neck.
1949:
In
Southern Italy and Sicily, the variety Lagenaria siceraria var. longissima, called zucca da vino, zucca bottiglia, or cucuzza, is grown and used in soup or along with pasta.
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In Burma, it is a popular fruit. The young leaves are also boiled and eaten with a spicy, fermented fish sauce. It can also be cut up, coated in batter and deep fried to make
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The plant is not normally toxic when eaten. The excessively bitter (and toxic) gourds are due to improper storage (temperature swings or high temperature) and over-ripening.
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South
America, but in 2005 a group of researchers suggested that it may have been domesticated earlier than food crops and livestock and, like dogs, was brought into the
2091:
Calabash also has a large cultural significance. In many
African legends, Calabash (commonly referred to as gourds) are presented as a vessel for knowledge and wisdom.
1477:
In Central America the seeds of the bottle gourd are toasted and ground with other ingredients (including rice, cinnamon, and allspice) to make one type of the drink
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in certain parts of country like eastern India. (However, "kaddu" popularly translates to "pumpkin" in northern India.) It can be consumed as a dish with rice or
4374:. National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) & Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (ICHCAP), UNESCO. p. 232. Archived from
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extended family grown up around shared meals and close friendships. This gourd is often dried when ripe and used as a percussion instrument called an
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alluded to in the song "Follow the Drinking Gourd" that referenced the Big Dipper constellation that was used to guide the Underground Railroad.
2044:) musical instruments. Sometimes large calabashes are simply hollowed, dried and used as percussion instruments by striking them, especially by
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are made of dried calabash gourds, using special cultivars that were originally imported from Africa and Madagascar. They are mostly grown in
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739:. Polynesian specimens of calabash were found to have genetic markers suggesting hybridization from Asian and American cultivars. In Europe,
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Kistler, Logan; Montenegro, Álvaro; Smith, Bruce D.; Gifford, John A.; Green, Richard E.; Newsom, Lee A.; Shapiro, Beth (25 February 2014).
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Puca, Davide (2019). "Che cos'è una minestra? Il sistema delle minestre siciliane" [What is a soup? The system of Sicilian soups].
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being independently brought under domestication first in Asia, and more than 4,000 years later, in Africa. The bottle gourd is a commonly
3677:
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4649:
3845:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
583:, or by seeds floating across the oceans inside the gourd. It has been proven to have been globally domesticated (and existed in the
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is an ancient symbol for health. Hulu had fabled healing properties due to doctors in former times carrying medicine inside it. The
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2242:. The texture of the gourd lends itself nicely to the sound of the insect, much like a musical instrument. The musical instrument,
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may not be functional, but if the instrument is large, it is retained because of its balance function, which is the case of the
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the calabash has been used by some motorcyclists as an imitation helmet in an attempt to circumvent motorcycle helmet laws. In
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as well as the calabash from which the drinking vessels are made. In Peru it is used in a popular practice for the making of
2084:, is known as The Calabash as its shape takes inspiration from the calabash. The calabash is also used in the manufacture of
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3208:"Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana ò romance que oi se usa en España ideas lingüísticas de Aldrete · Volume 2"
804:
a kind of moth) in the garden. Hand pollination can be used to solve the problem. Pollens are around 60 microns in length.
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2604:. The juice of a bottle gourd is considered to have medicinal properties and be very healthy (see juice toxicity above).
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There is sometimes confusion when discussing "calabash" because the name is shared with the unrelated calabash tree (
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2970:"calabash noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes | Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at"
774:
In 2014 this theory was repudiated based on a more thorough genetic study. Researchers more completely examined the
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plant in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, and was eventually domesticated in southern Africa. Stands of
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was used for low-grade models. A typical design yielded by this squash is recognized (theatrically) as the pipe of
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3410:
Clarke, Andrew C.; Burtenshaw, Michael K.; McLenachan, Patricia A.; Erickson, David L.; Penny, David (May 2006).
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Erickson, David L.; Smith, Bruce D.; Clarke, Andrew C.; Sandweiss, Daniel H.; Tuross, Noreen (20 December 2005).
39:
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and Samuel Morrison (January 1940). "The History of the Enema with Some Notes on Related Procedures (Part I)".
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2651:(National Living Treasures Award). He was cited for his dedication to practising and teaching the craft as an
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The bottle gourd has been recovered from archaeological contexts in China and Japan dating to ca. 8,000–9,000
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2076:. Erbore children of Ethiopia wear hats made from the calabash to protect them from the sun. South Africa's
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1704:, it is a very popular vegetable, commonly cooked in soup with shrimp, meatballs, clams, various fish like
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2511:, the calabash resonator is not always functional but it is kept in place because of the balancing effect.
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Clarke, Andrew C; Burtenshaw, Michael K; McLenachan, Patricia A; Erickson, David L; Penny, David (2006).
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orchards mostly to use the leaves as a vegetable, the fruit being treated almost as a secondary product.
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fish or crab. It is also commonly stir-fried with meat or seafood, or incorporated as an ingredient of a
1006:(table). In a reference amount of 100 grams (3.5 oz), cooked calabash supplies a moderate amount of
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3463:(in German). Schandelah: VEN – Verein zur Erhaltung der Nutzpflanzen Vielfalt e.V. 2002. Archived from
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In Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and southern Brazil, calabash gourds are dried and carved into
896:
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3890:[ What japchae impressed Gwanghaegun so much that he gave it a title of a public official?].
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Nancy White University of South Florida – South American Archaeology: Archaic, Preceramic, Sedentism
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it is commonly used as a drinking vessel and a vessel for carrying food by communities, such as the
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Calabash varieties, illustration from the Japanese agricultural encyclopedia Seikei Zusetsu (1804)
600:), whose hard, hollow fruits are also used to make utensils, containers, and musical instruments.
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1550:. Fresh calabash flesh, scraped out, seeded, salted and squeezed to draw out moisture, is called
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The calabash is frequently used in southern Chinese cuisine in either a stir-fry dish or a soup.
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3412:"Reconstructing the Origins and Dispersal of the Polynesian Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)"
3371:"Reconstructing the Origins and Dispersal of the Polynesian Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)"
1927:
In Pakistan, the calabash is cultivated on a large scale as its fruit are a popular vegetable.
735:
Gourds were cultivated in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas for thousands of years before
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on 19 March 2014 – via Small Encyclopedia of Indian Instruments at India-instruments.de.
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culture applied symbols from folklore to gourds, this practice is still familiar and valued.
2584:(although not in this picture), a resonator made of calabash at the end of the strings table.
1716:. It is also used as a medicine. Americans have called calabashes from Vietnam "opo squash".
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cultivars as water gourds. They believed the gourd as a representation of Pū-tē-hue, one of
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Brief discussion of the species, uses, ecology, and etymology of generic and specific names
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In the Philippines, dried calabash gourds are one common material for making a traditional
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for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
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This article is about the gourd. For the winter squash with the same English name, see
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3919:[Naembi udong, bakgoji gimbap... "Come to taste the happiness of 5,000 won].
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meaning gourd or pumpkin. The Spanish word is of pre-Roman origin. It comes from the
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4095:. Translated and edited by Joanne O'Brien. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 93–94.
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4257:"Kanailal and Brother, Calcutta: The History of an Indian Musical Instrument Maker"
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3568:"Transoceanic drift and the domestication of African bottle gourds in the Americas"
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for its medicinal benefits. In Gujarat, a traditional Gujarati savoury cake called
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vegetable and the outside cut in half to make bowls. Both fresh and dried flesh of
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When considered together, the genetic and archaeological information points toward
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Calabashes used for flotation and to store fish during huge Nigerian fish festival
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In Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador calabash gourds are used for medicinal purposes. The
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4240:. Wellington, New Zealand: A. R. Shearer. pp. 245–255 – via NZETC at
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1865:), sesame seeds, flour, and often lentils. In Karnataka, bottle gourd is called
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Erickson, D. L; Smith, B. D; Clarke, A. C; Sandweiss, D. H; Tuross, N (2005).
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In Japan, it is commonly sold in the form of dried, marinated strips known as
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571:. When it is fresh, the fruit has a light green smooth skin and white flesh.
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played in Indian classical music, it has two calabash gourd resonators. The
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3258:"An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas"
3113:"An Asian origin for a 10,000-year-old domesticated plant in the Americas"
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grown for its fruit. It can be either harvested young to be consumed as a
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1809:, usually prepared for festive occasions. In Andhra Pradesh it is called
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Among some New Guinea highland tribes, the calabash is used by men as a
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In parts of India a dried, unpunctured gourd is used as a float (called
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southern plains, preparations other than as a normal vegetable include
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3492:(in Latin and German). Näf, W.; és Gabathuler, M. (ford.). Thorbecke.
1992:. Calabashes are used in making the West African instruments like the
2724:
2555:
2442:
2327:
2288:
2156:
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2022:(a traditional fiddle). They also serve as resonators underneath the
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3780:"Pune woman dies after drinking bottle gourd juice - Times of India"
2747:, adopted into the Spanish language), the traditional container for
1841:. The edible leaves and young stems of the plant are widely used in
1805:(grated bottle gourd, sugar and milk preparation) is a dessert from
1782:
is popular. The skin of the vegetable is used in making a dry spicy
4093:
The Eight Immortals of Taoism: Legends and Fables of Popular Taoism
3251:
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is similar but larger and with lower sounds (something like a bass
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Bengali dish made with the stems and leaves of a bottle gourd plant
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Yield ranges from 35 to 40 tons/ha, per season of 3 months cycle.
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Multilingual taxonomic information at the University of Melbourne
4237:
Maori Agriculture - Part VII The Hue or Gourd. Lagenaria Vulgaris
2709:, the 18th-century Ilocano revolutionary leader, shown wearing a
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of the Philippines under the Traditional Craftsmanship category.
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from the Philippines (c.1900), the top one is made from calabash
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2018:
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is often simmered in sauce or stir-fried before being added to
4145:
Wilson, Eddie W. (April 1951). "The Gourd in Folk Symbolism".
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1895:
In Bangladesh the fruit is served with rice as a common dish.
1082:
1003:
4462:
How Bottle Gourds were brought to America by Native Americans
3627:"Not all bitter veggies are good, they can kill you: Doctors"
2354:
grew several cultivars of calabash for particular uses like
1849:
in Hindi in northern part of the country, it is also called
3534:(in Latin). Fachhochschule Augsburg: bibliotheca Augustana.
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10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0501:DAGAOW]2.0.CO;2
2950:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
2214:
854:
A female Calabash flower with a visible ovary at night, in
633:, from -cal which means house or shell. It is a doublet of
502:
4404:. Cochabamba: Editorial Los Amigos del Libro. p. 171.
3809:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
3170:
Price, Sally (1982). "When is a calabash not a calabash".
2829:
carved and decorated as a drinking container (also called
2543:, also with two large resonators, is a similar instrument.
1536:
Traditionally in Korea, the inner flesh has been eaten as
511:
926:
Collection of bowls and spoons made of bottle gourd from
563:, or harvested mature to be dried and used as a utensil,
508:
496:
4315:"Veena, Saraswati Veena, Rudra Veena and Vichitra Veena"
2611:
in Tamil) to help people learn to swim in rural areas.
3006:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2218:(energy) that would otherwise affect health, and is a
1774:
and diced gourd in a semi-dry gravy). In the state of
493:
4050:
Carney, Judith (2019). "Food and the African Past".
2676:
Money Museum, with the bottom one made from calabash
2598:) traditionally use a dried gourd vessel called the
1558:, is usually soaked before being stir-fried. Soaked
505:
499:
4991:
4514:
2755:plant. In the region the beverage itself is called
1861:is made primarily using bottle gourd (in Gujarati,
1430:
1418:
1393:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1302:
1281:
1260:
1243:
1227:
1210:
1193:
1176:
1159:
1138:
1103:
1079:
1061:
1045:
1031:
1026:
490:
3842:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2751:, the caffeinated, tea-like drink brewed from the
655:("gourd, pumpkin, squash; calabash (container)"),
4402:Diccionario Qhëshwa—Castellano Castellano—Qhëshwa
4054:. University of California Press. pp. 6–26.
2558:(one string) resonator made from a calabash gourd
1887:) is one of the popular breakfasts in Karnataka.
1293:
1150:
2292:, the calabash gourd flute or bottle gourd flute
3888:"[정재훈의 밥상 공부] 광해군이 먹고 감탄해 벼슬까지 내린 잡채는?"
3572:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3531:De cultura hortorum sive Hortulus VII Cucurbita
3262:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3117:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2486:Sitar with resonator made from a bottle gourd.
1631:In the Philippines, calabash (known locally as
1554:. Scraped and sun-dried calabash flesh, called
4114:
4112:
3664:"Toxin in lauki kills diabetic city scientist"
3551:. Bloomington: Indiana University Bloomington
3106:
3104:
2919:The gourd is used traditionally to administer
2891:The gourd can be dried and used to smoke pipe
2767:" is the technique adopted for decorating the
1641:. They are also common ingredients in noodle (
1027:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2212:was believed to absorb negative, earth-based
1685:
1679:
1659:
1632:
8:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3091:"Ingredient Spotlight: Cucuzza ("Googootz")"
2645:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1021:
755:as one of the 23 plants of an ideal garden.
2643:variant using calabash, was awarded by the
2032:). The calabash is also used in making the
1996:, a Yoruba instrument similar to a maraca,
4502:
4360:
4358:
4189:. New York: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd
3805:United States Food and Drug Administration
3460:Gemüse des Jahres 2002: Der Flaschenkürbis
2802:Calabash used as a container for drinking
2246:, is a kind of flute made from the gourd.
2222:cure. The bottle gourd is a symbol of the
1120:
1020:
55:
46:
3973:
3936:"For Bangladesh, Kishwar has already won"
3625:Adhyaru-Majithia, Priya (13 March 2010).
3601:
3591:
3427:
3386:
3337:
3291:
3281:
3146:
3136:
1798:and also fried with potato and tomatoes.
1637:) is commonly cooked in soup dishes like
3035:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1833:, a dish prepared with bottle gourd and
1518:and is used as an ingredient for making
4300:from the original on 25 September 2022.
4272:"Classical Musical Instruments - Sitar"
2931:
2773:
2657:
2455:
2248:
2093:
1962:
1778:in India, a similar preparation called
1649:
1584:
812:
233:
2907:, but the inventor of this character,
2887:Smoking pipe (tobacco) § Calabash
2036:(a Sierra Leonean women's rattle) and
4255:Landsberg, Steven (4 February 2000).
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
3989:Nicastro, Francesca (1 August 2017).
3004:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
7:
4834:3b503363-0d8d-4a56-b7e7-0f0671936426
4497:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
3886:Jeong, Jaehoon (14 September 2016).
2366:(their god of forests)'s offspring.
1879:(a south Indian stew). Also, crispy
677:("gourd; calabash (container)") and
4434:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
4024:"Nigeria bikers' vegetable helmets"
4013:, "Origin of the Gullah", yale.edu.
3700:"Bitter 'lauki' juice can kill you"
728:pressures over its long history of
641:. The English word is cognate with
64:Green calabash growing on its vine
4416:"Daily Consular and Trade Reports"
3819:from the original on 27 March 2024
3738:Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
3089:Hill, Kathryn (1 September 2009).
2636:, an expert artisan who makes the
1731:of the plant may also be eaten as
751:kings, discussed the gourd in his
25:
4242:Victoria University of Wellington
2358:cultivars as food containers and
1821:(curry with milk and spices) and
994:Boiled calabash is 95% water, 4%
963:Like other members of the family
870:Crook-necked "geese" cultivar in
737:Columbus' arrival to the Americas
4932:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:134809-2
4213:Te Māra Reo: The Language Garden
3917:"냄비우동·박고지김밥…"5000원의 행복 맛보러 오세요""
2972:. Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
2842:
2819:
2795:
2776:
2698:
2681:
2660:
2563:
2548:
2516:
2501:
2479:
2458:
2279:
2267:
2251:
2201:), as the calabash is called in
2168:
2148:
2128:
2121:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2111:) are used to collect and store
2096:
1965:
1672:
1652:
1587:
1018:in significant amounts (table).
935:
919:
907:
895:
879:
863:
847:
831:
815:
486:
73:
5123:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:72112-2
4126:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008
3867:from the original on 9 May 2024
3416:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3375:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2833:, and the infusion also called
2523:Rudra veena is a large plucked
2315:The plant is spread throughout
1786:preparation. It is consumed in
1764:A popular north Indian dish is
1619:, which are eaten with Burmese
838:Slim, elongated upo squash, in
743:(808–849), abbot and poet from
4124:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
3934:Waheed, Karim (14 July 2021).
3708:. 28 June 2011. Archived from
3662:Chandra, Neetu (9 July 2010).
2649:"Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan"
767:by the native hunter-gatherer
1:
3186:"Romance Philology Volume 13"
1600:(seasoned calabash side dish)
975:at a high concentration. The
619:, which in turn derived from
27:Species of bottle gourd plant
5172:Fruits originating in Africa
4186:Myths & Legends of China
2653:intangible cultural heritage
2531:. One of the major types of
2400:south of India), may have a
2339:in contemporary and ancient
2335:(double gourd drum) or just
2220:traditional Chinese medicine
1845:. Although popularly called
1453:Percentages estimated using
822:Pear-shaped bottle gourd in
648:("pumpkin; orange colour"),
5247:Decorative fruits and seeds
5192:Crops originating from Asia
4274:(in German). Archived from
4215:. Benton Family Trust. 2022
2674:Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
2628:In 2012, Teófilo García of
2323:in many related languages.
2234:and a symbol of longevity.
1446:Link to USDA Database entry
886:Serpentine snake gourds in
5273:
4368:Salakot and Other Headgear
4365:Peralta, Jesus T. (2013).
4270:Kasliwal, Suneera (2001).
3991:"How to Cook with Cucuzza"
3486:Strabo, Walahfrid (2000).
2948:Plants of the World Online
2884:
2529:Hindustani classical music
2143:with his instrument (2007)
1002:, and contains negligible
29:
4060:10.1525/9780520949539-004
3750:10.1007/s12664-011-0110-z
2414:. Other instruments like
2040:(a Sierra Leonean type of
1572:. Sometimes uncooked raw
1452:
1442:
1438:
1414:
1406:
1277:
1273:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1099:
1095:
1075:
1071:
1041:
1037:63 kJ (15 kcal)
1022:Calabash, cooked, no salt
334:Lagenaria cochinchinensis
226:
219:
197:
190:
70:Scientific classification
68:
63:
54:
49:
40:Calabash (disambiguation)
5257:Austronesian agriculture
4052:In the Shadow of Slavery
1956:It is also grown by the
5232:Native American culture
4482:6 December 2016 at the
3915:김, 민지 (14 March 2012).
3593:10.1073/pnas.1318678111
3283:10.1073/pnas.0509279102
3138:10.1073/pnas.0509279102
3064:"Grow Birdhouse Gourds"
1869:and is used to prepare
1817:(with tamarind juice),
1455:US recommendations
3232:. Etimologías de Chile
2909:Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
1794:, as boiled vegetable
1761:
1753:
1686:
1680:
1660:
1633:
1509:
1459:the National Academies
796:
701:
545:New Guinea butter bean
270:Cucurbita idololatrica
38:. For other uses, see
4234:Best, Elsdon (1976).
4091:Ho, Kwok Man (1990).
4004:image at Joseph Opala
3545:White, Nancy (2005).
3429:10.1093/molbev/msj092
3388:10.1093/molbev/msj092
3172:New West Indian Guide
2404:. In some cases, the
1759:
1751:
1507:
1125:Vitamins and minerals
971:that are known to be
874:Public Market, Canada
790:
699:
466:Trochomeria rehmannii
34:. For the trees, see
4400:Lara, Jesus (1971).
4351:on 31 December 2014.
3921:Gyeongnam Domin Ilbo
3506:on 29 September 2007
2881:Tobacco smoking pipe
1813:and is used to make
1576:is seasoned to make
529:white-flowered gourd
374:Lagenaria microcarpa
350:Lagenaria idolatrica
302:Cucurbita pyriformis
241:J.R.Forst. ex Guill.
4993:Cucurbita siceraria
4883:Lagenaria siceraria
4870:Lagenaria_siceraria
4681:Lagenaria siceraria
4546:Lagenaria siceraria
4516:Lagenaria siceraria
4492:Lagenaria siceraria
4381:on 24 November 2021
4009:18 May 2008 at the
3584:2014PNAS..111.2937K
3489:De cultura hortorum
3274:2005PNAS..10218315E
3268:(51): 18315–18320.
3129:2005PNAS..10218315E
2998:Lagenaria siceraria
2942:Lagenaria siceraria
2226:, and particularly
2177:percussion calabash
2082:2010 FIFA World Cup
2080:, which hosted the
1212:Pantothenic acid (B
1023:
888:Media, Pennsylvania
840:San Rafael, Bulacan
795:(Size: ~60 microns)
793:Lagenaria siceraria
747:and advisor to the
521:Lagenaria siceraria
406:Lagenaria siceraria
394:Lagenaria siceraria
382:Lagenaria siceraria
366:Lagenaria leucantha
358:Lagenaria lagenaria
326:Lagenaria bicornuta
310:Cucurbita siceraria
286:Cucurbita leucantha
278:Cucurbita lagenaria
262:Cucurbita ciceraria
201:Lagenaria siceraria
4430:Julius Friedenwald
4290:"Dhrupad Surbahar"
3784:The Times of India
3705:The Times of India
1762:
1754:
1752:An Indian calabash
1706:freshwater catfish
1510:
1420:Other constituents
797:
763:at the end of the
702:
700:Bottle gourd curry
569:musical instrument
446:Lagenaria vulgaris
434:Lagenaria vulgaris
426:Lagenaria vulgaris
5222:Culture of Mexico
5217:Korean vegetables
5159:
5158:
4855:Open Tree of Life
4508:Taxon identifiers
4341:"Tambura/tanpura"
4069:978-0-520-94953-9
4032:. 6 January 2009.
3852:978-0-309-48834-1
3499:978-3-7995-3504-5
3467:on 10 August 2007
2525:string instrument
2396:(north of India,
2117:Bandundu Province
2016:(a lute) and the
1903:In Nepal, in the
1819:sorakaya palakura
1465:
1464:
1410:
1409:
1014:), with no other
967:, gourds contain
608:The English word
597:Crescentia cujete
589:Pre-Columbian era
523:), also known as
479:
478:
470:
462:
454:
442:
430:
422:
418:Lagenaria vittata
414:
402:
390:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
342:Lagenaria hispida
338:
330:
322:
318:Cucurbita vittata
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
246:Cucumis lagenaria
242:
183:L. siceraria
16:(Redirected from
5264:
5252:Japanese cuisine
5237:Filipino cuisine
5207:Hawaiian cuisine
5202:Fruit vegetables
5152:
5151:
5139:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5113:
5112:
5100:
5099:
5087:
5086:
5074:
5073:
5061:
5060:
5048:
5047:
5035:
5034:
5022:
5021:
5012:
5011:
5010:
4984:
4983:
4971:
4970:
4961:
4960:
4948:
4947:
4935:
4934:
4922:
4921:
4909:
4908:
4896:
4895:
4886:
4885:
4873:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4850:
4849:
4837:
4836:
4827:
4826:
4814:
4813:
4811:NHMSYS0000460067
4801:
4800:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4774:
4762:
4761:
4749:
4748:
4736:
4735:
4723:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4696:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4631:
4619:
4618:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4570:
4569:
4560:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4503:
4450:
4449:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4380:
4373:
4362:
4353:
4352:
4347:. Archived from
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4321:on 20 March 2014
4317:. Archived from
4311:
4302:
4301:
4294:Pt. Ashok Pathak
4286:
4280:
4279:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4181:Werner, E. T. C.
4177:
4171:
4170:
4147:Western Folklore
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4047:
4034:
4033:
4020:
4014:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3733:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3676:. Archived from
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3639:. Archived from
3622:
3616:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3578:(8): 2937–2941.
3563:
3557:
3556:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3526:Walahfrid Strabo
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3502:. Archived from
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3431:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3341:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3285:
3253:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3140:
3123:(51): 18315–20.
3108:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3037:. Archived from
3032:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2966:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2944:(Molina) Standl"
2936:
2846:
2823:
2799:
2780:
2702:
2685:
2664:
2567:
2552:
2520:
2505:
2483:
2462:
2283:
2271:
2255:
2203:Mandarin Chinese
2172:
2152:
2132:
2100:
1972:Man with cucuzza
1969:
1958:Italian diaspora
1837:, is popular in
1689:
1683:
1676:
1663:
1656:
1636:
1591:
1297:
1248:
1232:
1215:
1198:
1181:
1164:
1154:
1121:
1024:
942:Wuhua District,
939:
923:
911:
899:
883:
872:Granville Island
867:
851:
835:
819:
741:Walahfrid Strabo
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
468:
460:
452:
440:
428:
420:
413:(Naudin) M.Hiroe
412:
400:
388:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
238:Cucumis bicirrha
203:
78:
77:
59:
47:
21:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5212:Italian cuisine
5187:Chinese cuisine
5182:Burmese cuisine
5162:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5147:
5142:
5134:
5129:
5121:
5116:
5108:
5103:
5095:
5090:
5082:
5077:
5069:
5064:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5038:
5030:
5025:
5017:
5015:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4966:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4943:
4938:
4930:
4925:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4899:
4891:
4889:
4881:
4876:
4868:
4866:
4858:
4853:
4845:
4842:Observation.org
4840:
4832:
4830:
4822:
4817:
4809:
4804:
4796:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4765:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4739:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4661:
4653:
4648:
4640:
4635:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4575:
4573:
4565:
4563:
4555:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4510:
4484:Wayback Machine
4458:
4453:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4414:
4413:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4363:
4356:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4159:10.2307/1497969
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4120:"Li T'ieh-kuai"
4118:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4070:
4049:
4048:
4037:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4011:Wayback Machine
4002:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3853:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3680:on 12 July 2010
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3643:on 26 June 2010
3624:
3623:
3619:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3500:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3318:Economic Botany
3314:
3313:
3309:
3255:
3254:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3070:. 25 April 2009
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3044:on 26 June 2015
3041:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2917:
2915:Enema equipment
2905:Sherlock Holmes
2889:
2883:
2878:
2869:
2855:
2847:
2838:
2824:
2815:
2800:
2791:
2781:
2733:
2721:
2714:
2713:made from gourd
2703:
2694:
2686:
2677:
2665:
2617:
2585:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2544:
2521:
2512:
2509:Saraswati veena
2506:
2497:
2484:
2475:
2463:
2411:Saraswati veena
2372:
2313:
2307:over from us".
2304:Safaradi Jewish
2300:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2272:
2263:
2256:
2224:Eight Immortals
2187:
2180:
2173:
2164:
2153:
2144:
2141:Toumani Diabaté
2133:
2124:
2101:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1925:
1901:
1893:
1873:(stir-fry) and
1843:Bengali cuisine
1815:sorakaya pulusu
1746:
1741:
1698:
1691:
1684:being sauteed (
1677:
1668:
1657:
1629:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1592:
1534:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1475:
1473:Central America
1470:
1448:
1443:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1298:
1268:
1255:
1246:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1188:
1179:
1171:
1162:
1155:
1126:
1115:
1110:
1091:
1086:
1057:
1052:
992:
961:
954:
940:
931:
924:
915:
912:
903:
902:Calabash flower
900:
891:
890:, United States
884:
875:
868:
859:
852:
843:
836:
827:
820:
785:
694:
612:is loaned from
606:
581:human migration
577:calabash gourds
541:New Guinea bean
537:birdhouse gourd
489:
485:
475:
458:Pepo lagenarius
294:Cucurbita longa
232:
231:
215:
205:
199:
186:
72:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5270:
5268:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5164:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:wfo-0000629160
5140:
5127:
5114:
5101:
5088:
5075:
5062:
5049:
5036:
5023:
5013:
4997:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4981:wfo-0000361549
4972:
4962:
4949:
4936:
4923:
4910:
4897:
4887:
4874:
4864:
4851:
4838:
4828:
4815:
4802:
4789:
4776:
4763:
4750:
4737:
4724:
4711:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4659:
4646:
4633:
4620:
4607:
4594:
4581:
4571:
4561:
4551:
4536:
4520:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4499:
4487:
4486:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4456:External links
4454:
4452:
4451:
4421:
4407:
4392:
4354:
4332:
4303:
4281:
4262:
4247:
4226:
4200:
4172:
4153:(2): 162–164.
4137:
4108:
4101:
4083:
4068:
4035:
4015:
3996:
3981:
3964:(in Italian).
3952:
3940:The Daily Star
3926:
3907:
3878:
3851:
3830:
3796:
3771:
3744:(5): 233–236.
3723:
3712:on 5 July 2011
3691:
3654:
3617:
3558:
3553:MATRIX project
3537:
3517:
3498:
3478:
3450:
3422:(5): 893–900.
3402:
3381:(5): 893–900.
3361:
3307:
3243:
3221:
3199:
3177:
3162:
3100:
3081:
3055:
3027:BSBI List 2007
3017:
2983:
2961:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2916:
2913:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2841:
2839:
2825:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2794:
2792:
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2775:
2732:
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2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2666:
2659:
2616:
2613:
2587:
2586:
2569:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2540:vichitra veena
2522:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2464:
2457:
2423:vichitra veena
2371:
2368:
2312:
2309:
2299:
2298:Jewish culture
2296:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2274:A bottle gourd
2273:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2147:
2145:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2102:
2095:
2056:-speaking and
2028:(West African
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1900:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1823:sorakaya pappu
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1658:
1651:
1628:
1625:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Southeast Asia
1604:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1586:
1548:Korean cuisine
1533:
1530:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1490:
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1225:
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1220:
1218:
1208:
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1201:
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1190:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1156:
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1135:
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1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1104:
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1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
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1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1016:micronutrients
991:
988:
960:
957:
956:
955:
941:
934:
932:
925:
918:
916:
914:Calabash seeds
913:
906:
904:
901:
894:
892:
885:
878:
876:
869:
862:
860:
853:
846:
844:
837:
830:
828:
821:
814:
784:
781:
693:
690:
605:
602:
477:
476:
474:
473:
472:
471:
463:
455:
443:
431:
423:
415:
403:
391:
389:(Ser.) M.Hiroe
379:
371:
363:
361:(L.) Cockerell
355:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
254:Cucumis mairei
251:
243:
229:
228:
227:
224:
223:
217:
216:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
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166:
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161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
61:
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5269:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5014:
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5003:
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4994:
4990:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4950:
4946:
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4937:
4933:
4928:
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4911:
4907:
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4764:
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4755:
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4716:
4712:
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4660:
4656:
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4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
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4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
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4572:
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4562:
4558:
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4513:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4494:
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4350:
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4308:
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4299:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
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4273:
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4243:
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4230:
4227:
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4188:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
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4148:
4141:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4102:9780452010703
4098:
4094:
4087:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3956:
3953:
3941:
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3930:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3834:
3831:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3658:
3655:
3642:
3638:
3637:Bhaskar Group
3634:
3633:
3628:
3621:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3559:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3518:
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3501:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3479:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3451:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3406:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3365:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3308:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3210:. p. 345
3209:
3203:
3200:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3069:
3068:FineGardening
3065:
3059:
3056:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3018:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2867:North America
2866:
2864:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2851:Mate burilado
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2808:with a metal
2807:
2806:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:mate burilado
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:South America
2730:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2609:surai-kuduvai
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
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2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1978:Cultural uses
1977:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:sorekayi dosé
1878:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
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1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1758:
1750:
1743:
1738:
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1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1648:
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1645:
1640:
1635:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1468:Culinary uses
1467:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1357:
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1327:
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1296:
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1285:
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1276:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1178:Riboflavin (B
1175:
1168:
1166:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1063:Dietary fiber
1060:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:Carbohydrates
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:carbohydrates
989:
987:
984:
981:
978:
974:
970:
969:cucurbitacins
966:
965:Cucurbitaceae
958:
953:
949:
945:
938:
933:
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
898:
893:
889:
882:
877:
873:
866:
861:
857:
850:
845:
842:, Philippines
841:
834:
829:
825:
818:
813:
811:
808:
805:
801:
794:
789:
782:
780:
777:
772:
770:
769:Paleo-Indians
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
730:domestication
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
698:
691:
689:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
614:Middle French
611:
603:
601:
599:
598:
592:
590:
587:) during the
586:
582:
578:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
549:Tasmania bean
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
483:
467:
464:
459:
456:
451:
447:
444:
439:
435:
432:
427:
424:
419:
416:
411:
407:
404:
399:
395:
392:
387:
383:
380:
375:
372:
367:
364:
359:
356:
353:(Willd.) Ser.
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
263:
260:
255:
252:
247:
244:
239:
236:
235:
234:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:Cucurbitaceae
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:Tracheophytes
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
62:
58:
53:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5242:Pipe smoking
4992:
4515:
4491:
4440:(1): 75–76.
4437:
4433:
4424:
4410:
4401:
4395:
4383:. Retrieved
4376:the original
4367:
4349:the original
4344:
4335:
4323:. Retrieved
4319:the original
4293:
4284:
4276:the original
4265:
4250:
4236:
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4212:
4203:
4191:. Retrieved
4185:
4175:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4123:
4092:
4086:
4051:
4027:
4018:
3999:
3984:
3975:10447/492973
3965:
3961:
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3939:
3929:
3923:(in Korean).
3920:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3891:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3841:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3812:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3783:
3774:
3741:
3737:
3714:. Retrieved
3710:the original
3703:
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:the original
3674:Living Media
3667:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3641:the original
3630:
3620:
3575:
3571:
3561:
3547:
3540:
3530:
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3504:the original
3488:
3481:
3469:. Retrieved
3465:the original
3459:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3419:
3415:
3405:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3324:(4): 501–8.
3321:
3317:
3310:
3265:
3261:
3234:. Retrieved
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3188:. p. 39
3180:
3171:
3165:
3120:
3116:
3094:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3067:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3039:the original
3026:
3020:
3008:. Retrieved
3003:
2997:
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2947:
2941:
2934:
2918:
2890:
2870:
2858:
2849:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2809:
2803:
2787:
2784:L. siceraria
2783:
2771:calabashes.
2768:
2764:
2756:
2744:
2736:
2734:
2725:penis sheath
2722:
2710:
2707:Diego Silang
2688:
2667:
2648:
2640:
2627:
2620:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2538:
2532:
2493:
2487:
2473:(down right)
2472:
2465:
2438:
2436:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2359:
2355:
2348:Māori people
2345:
2332:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2301:
2287:
2262:cricket cage
2260:Qing dynasty
2243:
2240:pet crickets
2236:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2190:
2188:
2175:The African
2104:
2103:Calabashes (
2090:
2066:South Africa
2060:peoples. In
2041:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2013:
2007:
1997:
1986:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1934:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1850:
1846:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1799:
1779:
1769:
1765:
1763:
1718:
1699:
1642:
1630:
1614:
1594:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1535:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1495:
1478:
1476:
1424:
1419:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1105:
1081:
1047:
1010:(10% of the
993:
985:
980:triterpenoid
962:
809:
806:
802:
798:
792:
773:
757:
752:
734:
722:L. siceraria
721:
714:L. siceraria
713:
703:
685:
681:
674:
667:
663:
659:
652:
645:
630:
623:
616:
609:
607:
595:
593:
576:
573:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:bottle gourd
524:
520:
481:
480:
465:
457:
449:
445:
437:
433:
425:
417:
409:
405:
397:
393:
385:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
297:W.M.Fletcher
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
249:(L.) Dumort.
245:
237:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
149:Cucurbitales
132:
119:
106:
93:
44:
18:Bottle Gourd
4906:kew-2342950
4793:NatureServe
4728:iNaturalist
4540:Wikispecies
4219:29 November
3900:15 December
3896:(in Korean)
3669:India Today
3443:28 November
3339:10113/44303
3174:: 56:69–82.
2615:Philippines
2580:may have a
2471:rudra veena
2451:Maharashtra
2417:rudra veena
2352:New Zealand
2135:The Malian
2078:FNB Stadium
1839:West Bengal
1831:Lau chingri
1780:dudhi chana
1776:Maharashtra
1766:lauki chana
1627:Philippines
1546:is used in
1161:Thiamine (B
1012:Daily Value
977:tetracyclic
856:West Bengal
783:Cultivation
749:Carolingian
398:laevisperma
113:Angiosperms
5166:Categories
4901:Plant List
4345:Daly Music
4193:10 October
4130:26 October
3230:"calabaza"
3095:The Kitchn
3048:17 October
3010:22 January
2992:USDA, NRCS
2954:2 December
2927:References
2897:meerschaum
2885:See also:
2876:Other uses
2753:yerba mate
2739:(from the
2719:New Guinea
2592:ascetics (
2228:Li Tieguai
2161:Marionette
1891:Bangladesh
1792:fish curry
1739:South Asia
1647:) dishes.
1356:Phosphorus
791:Pollen of
718:cultivated
672:Portuguese
553:opo squash
533:long melon
410:microcarpa
36:Crescentia
5197:Lagenaria
5008:Q38645686
4694:200022692
4668:200022692
4078:243438207
3945:12 August
3893:ChosunBiz
3236:26 August
3214:26 August
3192:26 August
2899:, though
2647:with the
2601:kamandalu
2445:and near
2319:known by
2317:Polynesia
2311:Polynesia
2155:Calabash
2123:(c. 1990)
2113:palm wine
2004:harp-lute
1994:Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀
1990:palm wine
1931:Sri Lanka
1807:Telangana
1771:chana dal
1710:snakehead
1666:sotanghon
1579:saengchae
1521:makizushi
1487:East Asia
1369:Potassium
1343:Manganese
1330:Magnesium
1262:Vitamin C
1245:Folate (B
1229:Vitamin B
1195:Niacin (B
1008:vitamin C
990:Nutrition
973:cytotoxic
761:New World
745:Reichenau
726:selection
686:caramazza
682:caravazza
664:carabasso
660:calebasso
646:carabassa
631:calapaccu
617:calebasse
604:Etymology
585:New World
565:container
561:vegetable
177:Species:
170:Lagenaria
83:Kingdom:
50:Calabash
5131:Tropicos
5097:10212175
5002:Wikidata
4953:Tropicos
4867:PalDat:
4798:2.158938
4759:10197559
4746:134809-2
4531:Q1277255
4525:Wikidata
4480:Archived
4446:44442727
4325:19 March
4298:Archived
4244:Library.
4183:(1922).
4029:BBC News
4007:Archived
3968:: 1–11.
3865:Archived
3861:30844154
3823:28 March
3817:Archived
3807:(2024).
3766:12653649
3758:21986853
3612:24516122
3528:(2002).
3438:16401685
3397:16401685
3356:32430173
3302:16352716
3157:16352716
2994:(n.d.).
2854:in Peru
2811:bombilla
2765:burilado
2711:tamburaw
2705:Bust of
2641:tamburaw
2527:used in
2489:Surbahar
2469:and one
2428:Buddhist
2387:surbahar
2360:tahā wai
2333:ipu heke
2232:Shouxing
2163:) (2020)
2034:shegureh
1923:Pakistan
1905:Madheshi
1867:Sorekayi
1811:sorakaya
1725:tendrils
1617:fritters
1560:bak-goji
1556:bak-goji
1524:(rolled
1480:horchata
1425:Quantity
1350:0.066 mg
1290:Quantity
1284:Minerals
1239:0.038 mg
1223:0.144 mg
1189:0.022 mg
1172:0.029 mg
1147:Quantity
1141:Vitamins
959:Toxicity
858:, India.
753:Hortulus
679:Sicilian
668:carbasso
650:Galician
639:galapago
635:carapace
624:calabaza
610:calabash
482:Calabash
386:depressa
329:Chakrav.
289:Duchesne
221:Synonyms
155:Family:
126:Eudicots
32:Calabaza
5177:Bottles
5136:9200554
5084:72112-2
5058:2874676
4968:4951910
4958:9200413
4780:MoBotPF
4707:2874672
4611:Ecocrop
4418:. 1906.
4385:6 March
4167:1497969
3871:21 June
3716:28 June
3603:3939861
3580:Bibcode
3510:14 July
3471:14 July
3348:4256864
3293:1311910
3270:Bibcode
3148:1311910
3125:Bibcode
3074:25 July
2893:tobacco
2790:" type.
2741:Quichua
2690:Salakot
2672:in the
2669:Salakot
2638:Ilocano
2622:salakot
2577:tanpura
2572:tambura
2439:toombas
2434:sages.
2398:tambura
2393:tanpura
2356:ipu kai
2302:In the
2139:player
2109:Kikongo
2086:puppets
2074:AmaZulu
2062:Nigeria
2050:Songhai
2042:balafon
2038:balangi
2030:marimba
2025:balafon
1916:khichdi
1876:Sambaru
1827:lentils
1784:chutney
1702:Vietnam
1696:Vietnam
1621:mohinga
1565:japchae
1324:0.25 mg
1304:Calcium
1206:0.39 mg
1107:Protein
1000:protein
948:Kunming
826:, Korea
776:plastid
765:ice age
692:History
657:Occitan
643:Catalan
628:Iberian
621:Spanish
567:, or a
555:, is a
438:clavata
337:M.Roem.
305:M.Roem.
213:Standl.
165:Genus:
145:Order:
87:Plantae
5110:511849
5071:400159
5032:199728
5016:APDB:
4965:uBio:
4945:1939-3
4914:PLANTS
4860:379288
4831:NZOR:
4785:279559
4733:164415
4655:168459
4629:595796
4574:APDB:
4554:AoFP:
4444:
4165:
4099:
4076:
4066:
3859:
3849:
3789:7 July
3764:
3756:
3684:9 July
3647:9 July
3610:
3600:
3496:
3436:
3395:
3354:
3346:
3300:
3290:
3155:
3145:
2921:enemas
2582:toomba
2556:Ektara
2467:Sitars
2443:Bengal
2437:These
2406:toomba
2402:toomba
2390:, the
2384:, the
2378:. The
2376:toomba
2328:Hawaii
2289:hulusi
2244:hulusi
2179:(2017)
2157:puppet
2070:Bapedi
2046:Fulani
1983:Africa
1940:Europe
1859:handvo
1825:(with
1800:Lauki
1733:greens
1729:leaves
1727:, and
1721:shoots
1714:hotpot
1687:ginisa
1644:pancit
1639:tinola
1574:baksok
1570:gimbap
1552:baksok
1515:kanpyō
1402:0.7 mg
1382:Sodium
1376:170 mg
1269:8.5 mg
1090:0.02 g
1056:3.69 g
1033:Energy
944:Yunnan
930:, 2007
675:cabaça
653:cabaza
551:, and
461:Moench
450:gourda
401:Millán
377:Naudin
313:Molina
273:Willd.
265:Molina
257:H.Lév.
209:Molina
139:Rosids
5227:Namul
5092:IRMNG
5045:6BPP9
5019:26133
4940:SANBI
4890:PFI:
4772:22386
4754:IRMNG
4720:21385
4676:FoAO2
4650:EUNIS
4642:LGNSI
4603:3RWFV
4590:88084
4577:26208
4564:APA:
4442:JSTOR
4379:(PDF)
4372:(PDF)
4209:"Hue"
4163:JSTOR
4074:S2CID
3762:S2CID
3352:S2CID
3344:JSTOR
3042:(xls)
3031:(xls)
2976:6 May
2745:mathi
2743:word
2737:mates
2634:Luzon
2625:hat.
2595:sadhu
2590:Hindu
2534:veena
2494:sitar
2447:Miraj
2381:sitar
2370:India
2185:China
2105:nkalu
2058:Hausa
2014:ngoni
2009:xalam
1945:Italy
1910:halva
1899:Nepal
1871:palya
1863:dudhi
1851:kaddu
1847:lauki
1835:prawn
1802:kheer
1796:curry
1790:with
1788:Assam
1744:India
1664:with
1611:Burma
1597:namul
1539:namul
1532:Korea
1526:sushi
1500:Japan
1492:China
1431:Water
1363:13 mg
1337:11 mg
1311:24 mg
1114:0.6 g
1067:1.2 g
998:, 1%
952:China
824:Seoul
684:(and
469:Cogn.
448:var.
436:var.
396:var.
369:Rusby
321:Blume
133:Clade
120:Clade
107:Clade
94:Clade
5118:POWO
5105:ITIS
5079:IPNI
5066:GRIN
5053:GBIF
5027:APNI
4927:POWO
4919:LASI
4893:3315
4878:PfaF
4847:6938
4824:3668
4819:NCBI
4767:ITIS
4741:IPNI
4715:GRIN
4702:GBIF
4637:EPPO
4616:1315
4585:APNI
4567:1670
4557:1349
4387:2020
4327:2014
4221:2022
4195:2021
4132:2008
4097:ISBN
4064:ISBN
3947:2021
3902:2016
3873:2024
3857:PMID
3847:ISBN
3825:2024
3791:2018
3754:PMID
3718:2010
3686:2010
3649:2010
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