Immigration to Australia - Knowledge (XXG)

38: 213: 2189:, Addison and Worswick found in a 2002 study that "there is no evidence that immigration has negatively impacted on the wages of young or low-skilled natives." Furthermore, Addison's study found that immigration did not increase unemployment among native workers. Rather, immigration decreased unemployment. However, in 2005 the Productivity Commission concluded that higher immigration levels would result in lower wage growth for existing Australian residents. On the impact of immigration on unemployment levels, the Commission said: "The conclusion that immigration has not caused unemployment at an aggregate level does not imply that it cannot lead to higher unemployment for specific groups. Immigration could worsen the labour market outcomes of people who work in sectors of the economy that have high concentrations of immigrant workers." 30: 277: 399: 1992: 891: 1532: 741: 771: 1063: 791: 1113: 291: 1183: 3389: 1013: 317:, which was a strengthening and unification of disparate colonial policies designed to restrict non-White settlement. Because of opposition from the British government, an explicit racial policy was avoided in the legislation, with the control mechanism being a dictation test in a European language selected by the immigration officer. This was selected to be one the immigrant did not know; the last time an immigrant passed a test was in 1909. Perhaps the most celebrated case was 2171:, has argued: "It is true that a net migration intake averaging around 180,000 per year will mean that the proportion of persons aged 65 plus to the total population will be a few percentage points lower in 2050 than it would be with a low migration intake. But this ‘gain’ would be bought at the expense of having to accommodate a much larger population. These people too, will age, thus requiring an even larger migration intake in subsequent years to look after them." 2164:, has said that the Government's focus on skilled migration has in fact reduced the average age of migrants. "More than half are aged 15 to 34, compared with 28 per cent of our population. Only 2 per cent of permanent immigrants are 65 or older, compared with 13 per cent of our population." Because of these statistics, Gittens claims that immigration is slowing the ageing of the Australian population and that the "net benefit to the economy is a lot more clear-cut." 2145:, Peter McDonald claims that "it is demographic nonsense to believe that immigration can help to keep our population young." However, according to Creedy and Alvarado (p. 99), by 2031 there will be a 1.1 per cent fall in the proportion of the population aged over 65 if net migration rate is 80,000 per year. If net migration rate is 170,000 per year, the proportion of the population aged over 65 would reduce by 3.1 per cent. As of 2007 during the leadership of 948: 841: 691: 671: 656: 641: 3393: 1566: 871: 856: 1736: 1048: 998: 1600: 1028: 1702: 1549: 1201:- Australian working visas are most commonly granted to highly skilled workers. Candidates are assessed against a points-based system, with points allocated for certain standards of education. These visas are often sponsored by individual States, which recruit workers according to specific needs. Visas may also be granted to applicants sponsored by an Australian business. The most popular form of sponsored working visa was the 963: 721: 2156:, immigration can reduce the average age of the Australian population: "The level of net overseas migration is important: net inflows of migrants to Australia reduce the rate of population ageing because migrants are younger on average than the resident population. Currently, around 85 per cent of migrants are aged under 40 when they migrate to Australia, compared to around 55 per cent for the resident population." 1753: 1651: 1128: 913: 1668: 1634: 1078: 2182:, and released an initial position paper on 17 January 2006 which states that the increase of income per capita provided by higher migration (50 percent more than the base model) by the 2024–2025 financial year would be $ 335 (0.6%), an amount described as "very small." The paper also found that Australians would on average work 1.3 percent longer hours, about twice the proportional increase in income. 1583: 1098: 928: 2299: 1773: 898: 1685: 1719: 1498: 756: 329:, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds. The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military, and civil servants. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831. However, young women were receiving assisted passages from state governments to migrate to Australia in the early years of Federation. 806: 1617: 1515: 978: 821: 706: 1416:. The Australian Red Cross administers the scheme under contract to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. It provides financial assistance to asylum seekers in the community who satisfy specific eligibility criteria, and also facilitates access to casework assistance and to other support services for asylum seekers through the Australian Red Cross. 246:, which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the 2090:, the Australian government reduced its immigration target by 14%, and the permanent migration program for skilled migrants was reduced to 115,000 people for that financial year. In 2010–2011, the migration intake was adjusted so that 67.5% of the permanent migration program would be for skilled migrants, and 113,725 visas were granted. 426:. The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the 2230:). There was, overall, an upward trend in the number of immigrants to Australia over the period of the Howard Government (1996–2007). The Rudd Labor Government (elected 2007) increased the quota again once in office. In 2010, both major parties continue to support high immigration, with former Prime Minister 2209:

The impact that immigration has on social cohesion in Australia is not clear. According to a 2018 report by the Scanlon Report, between 80 and 82% of Australians felt that immigration had a positive impact on Australian society. Australians under the age of 30 were twice as likely to feel positively

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in its submission to the same Productivity Commission report stated that "rapid growth in overseas visitors such as students may have boosted demand for rental housing". However, the Commission found that "the ABS resident population estimates have limitations when used for assessing housing demand.

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problem. According to Robertson, Federal Government policies that fuel demand for housing, such as the currently high levels of immigration, as well as capital gains tax discounts and subsidies to boost fertility, have had a greater impact on housing affordability than land release on urban fringes.

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The government also found that if it wanted immigrants, it had to subsidise migration. The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could

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arrived in 1790 bringing more convicts. The conditions of the transportation was described as horrific and worse than slave transports. Of the 1,026 convicts who embarked, 267 (256 men and 11 women) died during the voyage (26%); a further 486 were sick when they arrived of which 124 died soon after.

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Aboriginal Australians are descended from the same small group of people who left Africa about 70,000 years ago and colonised the rest of the world, a large genetic study shows. After arriving in Australia and New Guinea about 50,000 years ago, the settlers evolved in relative isolation, developing

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to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration. In 2006, the Labor Party under Kim Beazley took a stance against the importation of increasingly large numbers of temporary skilled migrant workers by employers, arguing that this

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in Australia by "battlers" because of the belief that immigrants will steal jobs. Gittins claims though that "it's true that immigrants add to the supply of labour. But it's equally true that, by consuming and bringing families who consume, they also add to the demand for labour – usually by more."

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Refugee and humanitarian visa holders are also eligible to receive on-arrival settlement support through the Humanitarian Settlement Services program, which provides intensive settlement-support and equips individuals with the skills and knowledge to independently access services beyond the initial

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The Australian Cultural Orientation program provides practical advice and the opportunity to ask questions about travel to and life in Australia to refugee and humanitarian visa holders who are preparing to settle in Australia. The program is delivered overseas over five days before the visa holder

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The Settlement Grants Program provides funding to assist humanitarian entrants and migrants settle in Australia and to participate equitably in Australian society as soon as possible after arrival. The program is targeted to deliver settlement services to humanitarian entrants, family migrants with

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comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers

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stated that Australia is underpopulated due to a low birth rate, and that negative population growth will have adverse long-term effects on the economy as the population ages and the labour market becomes less competitive. To avoid this outcome the government increased immigration to fill gaps in

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for recent university graduates of various degrees, including dentistry, computer science, architecture, psychology, and nursing. In 2014, a number of the professional associations for some of these fields criticised the immigration policy for skilled migrants, contending that these policies have

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Robert Birrell has asserted that high immigration levels are being used by the Federal Government to stimulate aggregate economic growth, but that per capita growth is more important to Australians. Birrell concluded that high migration does not benefit existing residents, because it dilutes the

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poll found that 49% of Australians say that ‘the total number of migrants coming to Australia each year is too high’, while a minority said it is ‘too low’ (13%), representing a 10-point rise in opposition to immigration since 2014. Furthermore, 67% say that 'overall, immigration has a positive

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The Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme provides professional assistance, free of charge, to disadvantaged visa-applicants, to help with the completion and submission of visa applications, liaison with the department, and advice on complex immigration matters. It also provides

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has been one of the main factors driving growth in domestic greenhouse gas emissions. It concluded that the average emissions per capita in the countries that immigrants come from is only 42 percent of average emissions in Australia, finding that as immigrants alter their lifestyle to that of

380:, the Governor-General proclaimed the cessation of immigration until further notice. The next group to arrive were 5,000 Jewish refugee families from Germany in 1938. Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test. 1389:, available to eligible migrants from the humanitarian, family and skilled-visa streams, provides free English-language courses for those who do not have functional English. Up to 510 hours of English language courses are provided during the first five years of settlement in Australia. 1975:, outlined six potential dilemmas associated with immigration-driven population growth. These included: the absolute numbers of aged residents continuing to rise despite high immigration off-setting ageing and declining birth-rates in a proportional sense; a worsening of Australia's 1392:

The Department of Home Affairs operates a 24-hour, seven-days-a-week telephone-based interpreting service called the Translating and Interpreting Service National, which facilitates contact between non-English speakers and interpreters, enabling access to government and community

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Given the significant influx of foreigners coming to work or study in Australia in recent years, it seems highly likely that short-stay visitor movements may have added to the demand for housing. However, the Commissions are unaware of any research that quantifies the effects."

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Overall, Gittins has written that the "economic case for rapid population growth though immigration is surprisingly weak," noting the diseconomies of scale, infrastructure costs and negative environmental impacts associated with continued immigration-driven population growth.

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benefit that can accrue from the export of non-renewable resources which form a large part of the Australian economy. As well, Birrell argues that a slowdown in labour force growth would require employers to pay greater attention to training, wages and conditions of workers.

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Australians, they increase global greenhouse gas emissions. The Institute calculated that each additional 70,000 immigrants will lead to additional emissions of 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gases by the end of the Kyoto target period (2012) and 30 million tonnes by 2020.

309:. This latter group was subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. With the federation of the Australian colonies into a single nation, one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Government was the 3885: 1238:- Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which acquire the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia. 2210:

about immigration as Australians over the age of 60 were. A follow-up report in 2019 found that 85% of Australians polled felt that multiculturalism had made a positive impact on Australia, but 40% admitted negative or very negative feelings towards Muslims.

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to encourage families to have more children. However, opponents of population growth such as Sustainable Population Australia do not accept that population growth will decline and reverse, based on current immigration and fertility projections.

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will lead to a deterioration of natural ecosystems through increased temperatures, extreme weather events and less rainfall in the southern part of the continent, thus reducing its capacity to sustain a large population even further. The

3337: 3918: 418:, believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia must "populate or perish". Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the 2276:

impact on the economy’, while 65% say that ‘immigrants strengthen the country because of their hard work and talents’, and 62% believe that ‘accepting immigrants from many different countries makes Australia stronger’.

3762: 2996: 1211:- The Australian Government actively encourages foreign students to study in Australia. There are a number of categories of a student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution. 1242:

Claims have been made that Australia's migration program is in conflict with anti age-discrimination legislation and there have been calls to remove or amend the age limit of 50 for general skilled migrants.

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contributed to difficulties for local degree holders in obtaining full-time employment. In 2016, the Department of Health forecast a shortfall in nurses of approximately 85,000 by 2025 and 123,000 by 2030.

3275: 5490: 3985: 4349: 2974: 1217:- Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas, Child Visa and Partner visas. 3895: 3830: 2887: 4318: 145:

are the skilled migration and family re-union programs. A 2014 sociological study concluded that: "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration among western nations." In 2023,

212: 138:, which in turn saw a shrinkage of the Australian population for the first time since World War I, though in the following period 2021–22 showed a very strong recovery of migrant arrivals. 2404: 1227:

Employment and family visas can often lead to Australian citizenship; however, this requires the applicant to have lived in Australia for at least four years with at least one year as a

3249: 2659: 4653: 4506: 3700: 3910: 3780: 305:, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of British and Irish settlers, followed by smaller numbers of Germans, other Europeans, and 3952: 3367: 2322: 4138: 5507: 4623: 3807: 3504: 2492: 3766: 3478: 1365:

Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP) visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country

3107: 29: 2988: 2821: 2467: 4211: 4079: 3548: 1960:

There are a range of views in the Australian community on the composition and level of immigration, and on the possible effects of varying the level of immigration and

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The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The Bounty Immigration Scheme (1835-1841) boosted emigration from the United Kingdom to New South Wales. The

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https://immi.homeaffairs.gov.au/what-we-do/migration-program-planning-levels#:~:text=In%20the%202024%E2%80%9325%20Migration,21%20and%202021%E2%80%9322%20respectively

5388: 4292: 3341: 2113:

allows immigration by professionals who end up competing with graduates of Australian universities for scarce positions. On the other hand, Australia's shortage of

2552: 3862: 3279: 1877:

had the largest population, and the largest foreign-born population, in Australia (1,544,023). Certain nationalities concentrated notably in this state: 74.5% of

3977: 5393: 1413: 1360: 153: 4341: 3167: 2799: 3652: 276: 5658: 4376: 2577: 4230: 3293: 1983:; overuse of agricultural soils; marine fisheries and domestic supplies of oil and gas; and a decline in urban air quality, river quality and biodiversity. 4101: 3840: 2063:, concluded: "Growth in immigration since the mid-1990s has been an important contributor to underlying demand, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne." The 1370: 1223:- This visa is a residence permit allowing travelers to undertake employment (and sometimes study) in the country issuing the visa to supplement education. 645: 4567: 4265: 3736: 3227: 4914: 2522: 2125:

Another element in the immigration debate is a concern to alleviate adverse impacts arising from Australia's ageing population. In the 1990s, the former

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analyst Rory Robertson, assert that high immigration and the propensity of new arrivals to cluster in the capital cities is exacerbating the nation's

1972: 3189: 2879: 2087: 1412:

In response to the needs of asylum seekers, the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme was established in 1992 to address Australia's obligations under the

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A variety of community-based services cater to the needs of newly-arrived migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. Some of these services, such as

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The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015–16, plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the

3569: 3076: 6108: 5435: 5245: 5053: 4967: 3625: 3605: 2250:

population clock reached 25 million 33 years ahead of predictions, with 62% of the growth in the last ten years being a result of immigration.

2153: 3253: 5171: 4645: 4533: 4498: 3711: 2656: 1980: 4987: 4982: 4977: 2013:

believe that as the driest inhabited continent, Australia cannot continue to sustain its current rate of population growth without becoming

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speech that: "My instinct is to extend to as many people as possible the freedom and benefits of life in Australia". On 7 August 2018, the

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People born overseas as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census

4248: 4185: 4030: 3784: 321:, a left-wing Austrian journalist who could speak five languages, who was failed in a test in Scottish Gaelic and deported as illiterate. 149:

ranked Australia as the top country destination for individuals seeking to work and live a high-quality life based on global assessments.

79:, the policy was gradually relaxed, and was abolished entirely in 1973. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. 3435: 5834: 5778: 5673: 5179: 5013: 4927: 3941: 3363: 2080: 398: 5916: 4130: 2679: 695: 5841: 4972: 4952: 4397: 4055: 161: 3019: 2218:

Over the last decade, leaders of the major Federal political parties have demonstrated support for high level immigration (including

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The separate Australian States show some differences in settlement patterns, as demonstrated in the statistics compiled during the

3474: 2941: 2622: 6067: 5111: 5048: 5033: 3099: 2930: 2908: 2264: 2018: 310: 177: 6032: 4245:

Addison, T. and Worswick, C. (2002). The impact of immigration on the earnings of natives: Evidence from Australian micro data.

3315: 2831: 1925:, with 528,827 overseas-born residents, had the highest proportion of foreign-born population. The state attracted 29.6% of all 5552: 5351: 5341: 5277: 5018: 4992: 2963: 2952: 2707: 2456: 2332: 2247: 1452: 1442: 82:

Between 1788 and the mid-20th century, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from Britain and Ireland (principally

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low levels of English proficiency and dependants of skilled migrants in rural and regional areas with low English-proficiency.

5638: 5537: 5257: 5235: 5141: 4947: 4907: 4207: 4071: 4589: 4165: 5788: 5705: 5581: 5430: 5423: 5294: 5240: 5043: 5023: 4468: 4289: 2430: 2353: 2338: 1386: 1228: 1177: 434: 75:

for much of the 20th century, which forbade the entrance in Australia of people of non-European ethnic origins. Following

6072: 5931: 5773: 5567: 5304: 5267: 5146: 5136: 5008: 4758: 3604:(submission 12 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth). 2544: 4728: 3854: 3624:(submission 9 to the Productivity Commission's position paper on Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth). 1381:

The Australian Government and the community provide a number of migration-assistance and settlement-support services:

6082: 6027: 5881: 5542: 5500: 5495: 5442: 5189: 5156: 5084: 2639: 1999: 6042: 6022: 5994: 5951: 3137: 2141:

There is debate over whether immigration can slow the ageing of Australia's population. In a research paper entitled

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academics published a report which contended that Australia's immigration program is deeply flawed. The government's

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Net overseas migration has increased from 30,042 in 1992–93 to 178,582 persons in 2015–16. The largest components of

5961: 3159: 2789: 1903:, the second-most populous state, also had the second-largest number of overseas-born persons (1,161,984). 50.6% of 1830:

The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England and Scotland separately although they are both part of the

6062: 6017: 5941: 5608: 5512: 5366: 5321: 5225: 4817: 4272: 3641: 2794: 2343: 195: 6057: 6037: 4373: 3297: 2574: 237:

and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. The

5728: 5685: 5633: 5532: 5378: 5346: 5262: 5252: 5220: 4900: 4860: 2399: 2193: 2064: 1604: 1553: 4105: 5628: 5475: 5311: 5272: 5099: 4559: 3740: 3364:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2020(b)(c)" 3338:"Table 5.1 Estimated resident population, by country of birth(a), Australia, as at 30 June, 1996 to 2019(b)(c)" 3219: 2762: 2363: 1867: 1187: 238: 2514: 1445:

in 2020. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.

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There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa:

6077: 5976: 5793: 5668: 5648: 5623: 5603: 5356: 5326: 5151: 5028: 4957: 2317: 2175: 2056: 2027: 1948: 1886: 1420: 326: 259: 243: 187: 146: 50: 6052: 5971: 3674: 2071:

Some individuals and interest groups have also argued that immigration causes overburdened infrastructure.

5966: 5956: 5946: 5936: 5897: 5874: 5700: 5678: 5653: 5618: 5598: 5562: 5400: 5371: 5361: 5336: 5299: 5230: 5067: 4962: 3197: 2857: 2263:, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap" on immigration, by appearing "tough" on 2126: 2010: 1926: 1655: 1587: 1182: 427: 314: 302: 119: 72: 46: 6047: 5999: 5921: 5763: 5695: 5593: 5547: 5410: 5331: 5316: 5203: 5089: 4227: 3646: 3526: 3415: 2920:

https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-statistics/statistics/visa-statistics/live/migration-program

1904: 1757: 1638: 1117: 845: 294: 207: 4420: 4886: 5827: 5798: 5720: 5557: 5527: 5463: 5418: 5131: 5126: 5094: 5079: 4935: 4738: 3576: 3072: 2327: 2098: 2014: 1900: 1740: 1689: 1672: 1570: 271: 247: 165: 107: 91: 3621: 3601: 1438:

As of 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, had been born overseas.

290: 5748: 5690: 5522: 5485: 5215: 2312: 2186: 1878: 1621: 1536: 1502: 1350: 952: 917: 912: 157: 95: 83: 4529: 4186:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth - Productivity Commission Commissioned Study" 3416:

Future Dilemmas: Options to 2050 for Australia's population, Technology, Resources and Environment

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The fleet was more of a drain on the struggling settlement than of any benefit. Conditions on the

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during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following World War II, Australia received a

99: 2485:"Australia's population shrinks for the first time since WWI as COVID turns off immigration tap" 4681: 4527:

Gittens, R. (20 August 2003). Honest John's migrant twostep. The Age. Retrieved 2 October from

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https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-on-migration-program-2016-17.pdf

5738: 5480: 4838: 4051: 3446: 2931:

https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/2015-16-migration-programme-report.pdf

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https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-programme-2013-14.pdf

2737: 2736:. Broadway, New South Wales, Australia: Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates. pp. 2–22. 2284: 2283:

has called for a national plebiscite asking voters if they think immigration is too high. The

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had 695,525 overseas-born residents, and attracted the greatest proportion of persons born in

1922: 1890: 1777: 1017: 430:, people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme. 262:

was established to encourage settlement in South Australia by labourers and skilled migrants.

135: 127: 87: 4800: 5855: 5289: 4342:"It's the climate, not immigration, that keeps Australians awake at night | David Marr" 2964:

https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2018-19.pdf

2953:

https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf

2771: 2683: 2304: 1976: 1944: 1912: 1882: 403: 377: 318: 306: 216:

Women in England mourning their loved ones who are to be transported to the penal colony at

191: 126:, and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with 123: 4393: 4864: 4688: 4380: 4296: 4252: 4234: 4215: 4172: 4034: 4014: 3629: 3609: 3552: 3533: 3422: 3023: 2826: 2732:

Price, Charles (1987). "Chapter 1: Immigration and Ethnic Origin". In Wray Vamplew (ed.).

2663: 2626: 2581: 2433:. Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs. 2005. Archived from 1930: 1874: 393: 183: 111: 68: 1441:

The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the

4007: 3276:"Humanitarian Settlement Program | Department of Social Services, Australian Government" 5733: 3890: 3835: 2619: 2280: 2272: 2223: 2129: 2044: 2022: 1844: 1831: 1806: 1531: 947: 840: 690: 675: 670: 660: 655: 640: 423: 115: 61: 6097: 3311: 2697: 2259: 2243: 2235: 2161: 1735: 1052: 1047: 902: 745: 740: 4499:"Australia's population hits 25 million, 33 years ahead of schedule - MacroBusiness" 4748: 3046: 2515:"Australia's population has shrunk. What is the ideal population for this country?" 2254: 2157: 2083:

of skilled occupations that are currently acceptable for immigration to Australia.

2003: 1599: 1032: 1027: 790: 760: 411: 225: 76: 64: 4745:

The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins

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of humans to the continent took place around 65,000 years ago via the islands of

17: 5803: 5663: 3763:"Dentists join the growing calls for cap on student uni places | The Australian" 2239: 2227: 2219: 2146: 1701: 1565: 1548: 1002: 997: 967: 962: 875: 870: 860: 855: 795: 725: 720: 233: 229: 142: 2434: 4858:

Australian State of Queensland skilled and business migration information site

2545:"Overseas Migration, 2021-22 financial year | Australian Bureau of Statistics" 2294: 2231: 2134: 1940: 217: 54: 1979:

due to more imports and higher consumption of domestic production; increased

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set in place in 1996 which has now been abolished by the Turnbull government.

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poster issued by the Overseas Settlement Office to attract immigrants (1928).

4923: 4870:

Australian State of Victoria official site for skilled and business migrants

3911:"Forecast oversupply of doctors to hit this year amid calls to halt imports" 2775: 2702: 2657:

A story of rupture and resilience: When did Australia's human history begin?

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Robert Birrell, director of the Centre for Population and Urban Research at

2114: 1995: 1852: 1814: 1752: 1650: 1470: 1132: 1127: 4831: 3294:"Fact sheet - Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme (IAAAS)" 4825: 3129: 5866: 4590:"'We have a right to a say': Hanson continues population plebiscite push" 4311:"More people want immigration cuts in 2018, social cohesion report finds" 3886:"Accounting 'not cut' from immigration skilled occupations list for 2015" 1667: 1633: 1202: 1082: 1077: 250:

in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.

4869: 4616:"Pauline Hanson: Give Australians a vote on immigration - MacroBusiness" 3312:"Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 66. Humanitarian Settlement Services" 2757: 130:

being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century. In 2019–20,

4812: 1718: 1582: 1497: 1102: 1097: 932: 927: 755: 4857: 4892: 3602:

Submission to the Productivity Commission on Population and Migration

2640:"Decoding Global Talent 2024: Dream Destinations and Mobility Trends" 1848: 1810: 1772: 1012: 897: 890: 805: 4785: 4725:

From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration

4646:"Pauline Hanson's immigration bill suffers massive defeat in Senate" 4208:

Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth (Position Paper)

3942:"Australia's Skilled Migration Program: Scarce Skills Not Required" 1355:

Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program:

3190:"Australia's response to the Syrian and Iraqi humanitarian crisis" 1990: 1968: 1856: 1818: 1684: 1616: 1514: 1181: 1112: 982: 977: 825: 820: 775: 770: 710: 705: 397: 289: 275: 211: 36: 28: 60:

European colonisation began in 1788 with the establishment of a

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In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,

4711:

The Impact of Immigration in Australia: A Demographic Approach

4394:"Lateline – 11/06/2008: Immigration intake to rise to 300,000" 4228:

Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth Key Points

4160: 4158: 4156: 3622:

Negative Economic Impacts of Immigration and Population Growth

4887:

Office of The Migration Agents Registration Authority (OMARA)

3100:"Chart of the day: Where do migrants to Australia come from?" 2620:

Attitudes to immigration and cultural diversity in Australia.

1409:

migration advice to prospective visa-applicants and sponsors.

45:

The Australian continent was first settled when ancestors of

4882:

Department of Immigration and Border Protection of Australia

4881: 3708:

Department of Immigration and Border Protection (Australia)

3501:"High Population Policy Will Double Greenhouse Gas Growth" 4421:"Abbott urges more migration, compassion for boat people" 4383:, Background Briefing, Radio National Sunday 18 June 2006 4028:

Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives

3737:"Australian Graduate Survey - Graduate Careers Australia" 2143:

Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives

4102:"Part 2: Long-term demographic and economic projections" 1247:

New permanent migrants to Australia by region (2016–17)

4369: 4367: 2099:

some declines in full-time employment between 2012–2015

224:

European migration to Australia began with the British

3250:"What is the Australian Cultural Orientation program?" 614:

Foreign-born Australian residents by country of birth

4266:"Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth" 122:

in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of

4753:

Markus, Andrew, James Jupp and Peter McDonald, eds.

3800:"Nurses union says 3,000 graduates cannot find work" 1796:

Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.

6008: 5985: 5904: 5719: 5580: 5462: 5409: 5202: 5170: 5066: 5001: 4934: 4832:

NSW Migration Heritage Centre, Australia (archived)

4772:

Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook

4048:

Population Ageing, Migration and Social Expenditure

3390:"2006 Census Data : View by Location Or Topic" 3018:Australian Government. Department of Home Affairs. 2431:"The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy" 2268:is simply a way for employers to drive down wages. 2180:

Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth

1973:

Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs

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Since the end of the 4718:Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities 2418:unique genetic characteristics and technology. 2395:"Out of Africa – Aboriginal origins uncovered" 1897:Australian residents lived in New South Wales. 1359:Refugee-category visas for refugees under the 1186:"Life From A Suitcase" sculpture installed at 71:. Beginning in 1901, Australia maintained the 5882: 4908: 4299:, The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 December 2010 1414:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 1361:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 325:be controlled by varying the subsidy. Before 154:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees 8: 3949:The Australian Population Research Institute 3831:"Surfeit of vets prompts call to cap places" 1971:population study commissioned by the former 4770:Wells, Andrew, and Martinez, Theresa (ed.) 4469:"Australia's population will hit 25m today" 3675:"Immigration cut only temporary 16Mar 2009" 3045:Australian Visa Bureau (22 December 2011). 1929:Australian residents, and narrowly trailed 5889: 5875: 5867: 5586: 5468: 5208: 5072: 4940: 4915: 4901: 4893: 4826:Origins: Immigrant Communities in Victoria 4072:"Farewell, John. We will never forget you" 3160:"The Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP)" 2854:"Fact sheet - Key facts about immigration" 2629:" Journal of Sociology 50.1 (2014): 10-22. 1851:and the Special Administrative Regions of 1813:and the Special Administrative Regions of 1805:The Australian Bureau of Statistics lists 1447: 437:largely displaced cultural selectivity in 110:, with many more immigrants arriving from 4828:– Immigration Museum, Victoria, Australia 3073:"How old is too old to become a migrant?" 160:. In recent years, Australia's policy of 2727: 2725: 2111:Medium to Long-Term Strategic Skill List 1428:Country of birth of Australian residents 1245: 612: 443: 331: 3392:. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Archived from 2698:"Australia's Early Immigration Schemes" 2385: 2349:Mental health and immigration detention 2287:voted the proposal down 54 votes to 2. 2178:launched a commissioned study entitled 1919:Australian residents lived in Victoria. 1789: 4309:Medhora, Shalailah (4 December 2018). 4141:from the original on 24 September 2015 3855:"Construction & Architecture News" 2335:, a hoax regarding benefits comparison 4767:(3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001) 4553: 4551: 4131:"Back-scratching at a national level" 3884:Berkovic, Nicola (12 November 2014). 3865:from the original on 28 December 2019 3469: 3467: 2555:from the original on 25 December 2022 2192:Gittins claims there is considerable 1450: 7: 4791:Museum of Chinese Australian History 4536:from the original on 21 January 2017 4400:from the original on 5 December 2009 4321:from the original on 8 November 2020 4175:, Policy, Vol. 26 No. 1, Autumn 2010 3318:from the original on 3 November 2012 3140:from the original on 21 January 2017 2457:"2018 – 19 Migration Program Report" 2407:from the original on 6 November 2012 2121:Economic growth and aging population 1933:in having the largest population of 1434:Foreign-born population of Australia 1190:dedicated to immigrants in Australia 4419:Hudson, Phillip (23 January 2010). 4290:Beware gurus selling high migration 3988:from the original on 2 January 2017 3921:from the original on 27 August 2017 3655:from the original on 4 January 2021 3425:, CSIRO Resource Futures, Canberra. 3366:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 3340:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 3170:from the original on 3 January 2017 3053:from the original on 1 January 2012 2987:Commonwealth Parliament, Canberra. 2059:in its 2004 Inquiry Report No. 28, 338:Annual average assisted immigrants 280:Migrants disembarking from a ship, 168:by boat has attracted controversy. 4755:Australia's Immigration Revolution 3958:from the original on 15 March 2018 3681:from the original on 5 August 2009 3546:PM told he's wrong on house prices 3507:from the original on 8 August 2020 3481:from the original on 8 August 2020 3110:from the original on 11 April 2020 2999:from the original on 3 August 2020 2734:Australians: Historical Statistics 2525:from the original on 12 April 2021 2495:from the original on 13 April 2021 2473:from the original on 6 April 2023. 25: 4837:Richards, Eric (12 August 2015). 4656:from the original on 23 July 2020 4626:from the original on 2 April 2020 4596:from the original on 2 April 2020 4509:from the original on 2 April 2020 4479:from the original on 2 April 2020 4449:from the original on 8 April 2022 4104:. Treasury.gov.au. Archived from 4082:from the original on 3 March 2016 3414:Foran, B., and F. Poldy, (2002), 3370:from the original on 16 July 2022 3230:from the original on 27 June 2018 3079:from the original on 9 March 2021 2890:from the original on 13 June 2018 2802:from the original on 2 April 2020 2710:from the original on 2 April 2020 2573:Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2359:Post war immigration to Australia 1377:Migration and settlement services 1284:North Africa and the Middle East 422:, colloquially becoming known as 420:Assisted Passage Migration Scheme 390:Post-war immigration to Australia 384:Post-war immigration to Australia 4570:from the original on 8 July 2020 4360:– via www.theguardian.com. 4340:Marr, David (25 November 2019). 4026:McDonald, P., Kippen, R. (1999) 3810:from the original on 19 May 2019 3436:"Baby Bonus Bad for Environment" 3344:from the original on 2 July 2021 2297: 2133:labour markets and introduced a 2043:A number of economists, such as 2019:Sustainable Population Australia 1771: 1751: 1734: 1717: 1700: 1683: 1666: 1649: 1632: 1615: 1598: 1581: 1564: 1547: 1530: 1513: 1496: 1126: 1111: 1096: 1076: 1061: 1046: 1026: 1011: 996: 976: 961: 946: 926: 911: 896: 889: 869: 854: 839: 819: 804: 789: 769: 754: 739: 719: 704: 689: 669: 654: 639: 311:Immigration Restriction Act 1901 178:Immigration history of Australia 172:Immigration history of Australia 152:Australia is a signatory to the 4530:"Honest John's migrant twostep" 4352:from the original on 3 May 2020 4078:. Melbourne. 25 November 2007. 4006:Goldie, J. (23 February 2006) 3829:Hare, Julie (22 January 2014). 3710:. 31 March 2013. Archived from 2880:"Australia's Migration Program" 2333:Immigrant benefits urban legend 2248:Australian Bureau of Statistics 2030:has concluded that Australia's 1453:Australian Bureau of Statistics 1443:Australian Bureau of Statistics 266:Gold rush and population growth 5917:Federated States of Micronesia 4008:"Time to stop all this growth" 3909:Patty, Anna (8 January 2017). 3570:"Microsoft Word - prelims.doc" 3098:Liddy, Matt (20 August 2018). 1463:Estimated resident population 1: 6109:Maritime history of Australia 3940:Birrell, Bob (8 March 2016). 3798:Stewart, John (24 May 2014). 3677:. Abc.net.au. 16 March 2009. 2830:. 10 May 2009. Archived from 2354:Multiculturalism in Australia 2339:Immigrant health in Australia 1387:Adult Migrant English Program 1332:Supplementary and Not Stated 1178:Australian permanent resident 414:Australia launched a massive 281: 4396:. Abc.net.au. 11 June 2008. 3649:. Department of Home Affairs 3544:Wade, M. (9 September 2006) 3503:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011. 3477:. Tai.org.au. 10 July 2011. 3220:"Department of Home Affairs" 3075:. SBS News. 26 August 2013. 2160:, an economics columnist at 1324:Southern and Eastern Europe 1167:Current immigration programs 49:arrived via the islands of 4679:Commonwealth of Australia. 4166:The Risks of High Migration 4017:(Retrieved 30 October 2006) 2886:. Parliament of Australia. 2770:(48): 70–73. 1 April 1911. 2594:"Australian Bureau of noms" 2393:Smith, Debra (9 May 2007). 2000:International Space Station 1371:conflicts in Syria and Iraq 6125: 4852:State immigration websites 4818:Migration Museum, Adelaide 4801:"Immigrants and Emigrants" 4560:"Immigration and refugees" 3642:"Skilled Occupations List" 2795:ABC Television (Australia) 2464:Department of Home Affairs 2344:Immigration to New Zealand 2214:Politics and public debate 2095:Graduate Careers Australia 2039:Housing and infrastructure 1431: 1401:begins his or her journey. 1348: 1260:Southern and Central Asia 1175: 387: 269: 205: 196:history of human migration 175: 134:came to a halt during the 5821: 5589: 5471: 5285:Intelligence and security 5211: 5075: 4943: 4889:(archived 17 August 2018) 4251:29 September 2015 at the 4226:Productivity Commission, 4206:Productivity Commission, 4135:The Sydney Morning Herald 3982:The Sydney Morning Herald 3915:The Sydney Morning Herald 3859:Architecture & Design 3628:27 September 2007 at the 3608:27 September 2007 at the 3525:Klan, A. (17 March 2007) 3130:"Offshore - Resettlement" 2400:The Sydney Morning Herald 2238:'; and Opposition Leader 2194:opposition to immigration 2065:Reserve Bank of Australia 1769: 1749: 1732: 1715: 1698: 1681: 1664: 1647: 1630: 1613: 1596: 1579: 1562: 1545: 1528: 1511: 1494: 1482: 1467: 1462: 1459: 629: 626: 623: 313:, otherwise known as the 104:large wave of immigration 6104:Immigration to Australia 6068:Northern Mariana Islands 4735:The English in Australia 4716:Foster, William, et al. 4620:www.macrobusiness.com.au 4564:Lowy Institute Poll 2019 4503:www.macrobusiness.com.au 4013:25 February 2021 at the 3701:"Net overseas migration" 2680:"Map of Human Migration" 2364:Visa policy of Australia 2117:is not being addressed. 1981:greenhouse gas emissions 1421:Migrant Resource Centres 1199:Skilled Occupation visas 232:on 26 January 1788. The 132:immigration to Australia 6033:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5898:Immigration to Oceania 4759:Excerpt and text search 4739:Excerpt and text search 4729:Excerpt and text search 3551:19 October 2017 at the 3532:22 October 2008 at the 3421:5 November 2010 at the 2575:International migration 2318:Demography of Australia 2176:Productivity Commission 2088:global financial crisis 2086:In 2009, following the 2057:Productivity Commission 2011:environmental movements 1300:Oceania and Antarctica 260:South Australia Company 188:Maritime Southeast Asia 156:and has resettled many 57:over 50,000 years ago. 51:Maritime Southeast Asia 5679:Indigenous Australians 5180:States and territories 4863:8 October 2017 at the 4374:"Workers of the World" 4233:19 August 2006 at the 4171:10 August 2014 at the 4033:18 August 2011 at the 2079:Australia maintains a 2006: 1859:are listed separately. 1191: 428:White Australia Policy 407: 376:With the onset of the 315:White Australia policy 298: 287: 221: 120:White Australia policy 73:White Australia policy 47:Indigenous Australians 42: 34: 6011:and other territories 4973:Territorial evolution 4255:, Vol. 78, pp. 68–78. 4196:on 27 September 2007. 3951:. Monash University. 3781:"Optometry Australia" 3647:Australian Government 2662:13 April 2020 at the 2580:13 April 2020 at the 2154:Commonwealth Treasury 2049:housing affordability 1994: 1937:Australian residents. 1185: 406:arrived in Australia. 401: 295:Australian Government 293: 279: 215: 208:Convicts in Australia 194:as part of the early 166:unauthorised arrivals 40: 32: 5419:Cabinet of Australia 5394:Government ministers 5162:World Heritage Sites 4968:European exploration 4763:O'Farrell, Patrick. 4749:Excerpt about Sydney 4687:24 June 2022 at the 4443:www.heraldsun.com.au 4439:"Abbott's open door" 4295:18 June 2014 at the 4214:25 June 2006 at the 3651:. 10 December 2020. 3300:on 11 February 2018. 3224:www.directory.gov.au 2860:on 12 September 2015 2625:23 June 2016 at the 2551:. 16 December 2022. 2328:Europeans in Oceania 2115:skilled tradespeople 2061:First Home Ownership 1956:Impacts and concerns 1345:Humanitarian program 1221:Working holiday visa 450:Migration programme 272:Australian gold rush 248:penal transportation 202:Penal transportation 5491:Gross state product 4445:. 22 January 2010. 4278:on 29 October 2012. 3898:on 18 January 2015. 3843:on 25 January 2017. 3717:on 26 November 2015 2798:. 1 November 2007. 2686:on 14 January 2013. 2437:on 19 February 2006 2313:Asylum in Australia 2265:illegal immigration 2253:In 2003, economist 2187:regression analysis 2028:Australia Institute 1351:Asylum in Australia 1308:Sub-Saharan Africa 1255:Number of migrants 1248: 615: 416:immigration program 162:mandatory detention 5809:Australian studies 5744:Australian English 5553:Telecommunications 5389:Government leaders 5332:Political ideology 4813:"Migration Museum" 4702:Betts, Katharine. 4682:Migration Act 1958 4532:. 20 August 2003. 4379:9 May 2010 at the 3026:on 23 January 2018 2834:on 17 January 2010 2242:stating in a 2010 2097:, there have been 2021:(SPA) argues that 2007: 1998:at night from the 1484:Total foreign-born 1405:settlement period. 1292:North-West Europe 1246: 1229:permanent resident 1192: 613: 439:immigration policy 408: 327:Federation in 1901 299: 288: 254:Bounty Immigration 226:convict settlement 222: 43: 35: 6091: 6090: 6083:Wallis and Futuna 6028:Clipperton Island 5986:Associated states 5864: 5863: 5817: 5816: 5639:Human trafficking 5576: 5575: 5458: 5457: 5258:Foreign relations 5198: 5197: 5062: 5061: 5009:Asian Australians 4847:(South Australia) 4779:Migration history 4622:. 7 August 2018. 4558:Institute, Lowy. 4505:. 6 August 2018. 4475:. 7 August 2018. 3743:on 27 August 2017 3443:population.org.au 3282:on 23 March 2018. 3194:www.border.gov.au 3164:www.border.gov.au 3134:www.border.gov.au 3047:"Australia visas" 2618:Markus, Andrew. " 2521:. 25 March 2021. 2491:. 24 March 2021. 2285:Australian Senate 2257:, a columnist at 2174:In July 2005 the 2169:Monash University 2152:According to the 2127:Federal Treasurer 2107:Monash University 2032:population growth 1962:population growth 1923:Western Australia 1887:South Korean-born 1786: 1785: 1339: 1338: 1172:Migration program 1164: 1163: 953:South Sea Islands 606: 605: 374: 373: 136:COVID-19 pandemic 18:Bounty immigrants 16:(Redirected from 6116: 6073:Pitcairn Islands 6043:French Polynesia 6023:Christmas Island 5952:Papua New Guinea 5932:Marshall Islands 5905:Sovereign states 5891: 5884: 5877: 5868: 5844: 5837: 5830: 5706:Waste management 5587: 5508:Household income 5469: 5431:Governor-General 5241:Electoral system 5209: 5073: 4941: 4917: 4910: 4903: 4894: 4846: 4822: 4808: 4805:Culture Victoria 4795: 4786:"Chinese Museum" 4774:(ABC-CLIO, 2004) 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4652:. 29 July 2019. 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4555: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4473:www.9news.com.au 4465: 4459: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4435: 4429: 4428: 4416: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4390: 4384: 4371: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4306: 4300: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4271:. 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2513: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2459: 2455: 2454: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2410: 2408: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2216: 2207: 2205:Social cohesion 2123: 2077: 2041: 1989: 1958: 1947:(52.4%) and in 1931:New South Wales 1905:Sri Lankan-born 1893:, and 59.4% of 1875:New South Wales 1864: 1863: 1842: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1791: 1770: 1750: 1733: 1716: 1699: 1682: 1665: 1648: 1631: 1614: 1597: 1580: 1563: 1546: 1529: 1512: 1495: 1471:Australian-born 1460:Place of birth 1436: 1430: 1379: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1180: 1174: 1169: 1125: 1110: 1095: 1075: 1060: 1045: 1025: 1010: 995: 975: 960: 945: 925: 910: 895: 888: 868: 853: 838: 818: 803: 788: 768: 753: 738: 718: 703: 688: 668: 653: 638: 611: 396: 394:New Australians 388:Main articles: 386: 284: 274: 268: 256: 210: 204: 198:out of Africa. 180: 174: 69:New South Wales 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6122: 6120: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6096: 6095: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6063:Norfolk Island 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6018:American Samoa 6014: 6012: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6002: 5997: 5991: 5989: 5988:of New Zealand 5983: 5982: 5980: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5886: 5879: 5871: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5846: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5725: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5568:Welfare system 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5543:Superannuation 5540: 5538:Stock exchange 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5504: 5503: 5501:Public housing 5496:Home ownership 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5451: 5450: 5443:Prime Minister 5440: 5439: 5438: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5415: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5403: 5401:Shadow Cabinet 5398: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5381: 5379:Public Service 5376: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5287: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5260: 5255: 5253:Federal budget 5250: 5249: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5195: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5176: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5085:Climate change 5082: 5076: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5014:Constitutional 5011: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4922: 4920: 4919: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4884: 4877: 4876:External links 4874: 4873: 4872: 4867: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4848: 4843:SA History Hub 4834: 4829: 4823: 4809: 4797: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4751: 4741: 4731: 4721: 4714: 4709:Burnley, I.H. 4707: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4637: 4607: 4581: 4547: 4520: 4490: 4460: 4430: 4425:The Advertiser 4411: 4385: 4363: 4332: 4301: 4281: 4257: 4238: 4219: 4199: 4177: 4152: 4119: 4108:on 2 June 2011 4093: 4063: 4057:978-1858987248 4056: 4038: 4019: 3999: 3969: 3932: 3901: 3891:The Australian 3876: 3846: 3836:The Australian 3821: 3790: 3772: 3754: 3728: 3692: 3666: 3633: 3613: 3593: 3582:on 3 June 2011 3556: 3537: 3518: 3492: 3463: 3427: 3407: 3381: 3355: 3329: 3303: 3285: 3267: 3241: 3211: 3181: 3151: 3121: 3090: 3064: 3037: 3020:"Visa listing" 3010: 2993:www.aph.gov.au 2979: 2967: 2956: 2945: 2934: 2923: 2912: 2901: 2884:www.aph.gov.au 2871: 2845: 2813: 2781: 2749: 2742: 2721: 2689: 2671: 2649: 2631: 2611: 2600:on 7 July 2018 2585: 2566: 2549:www.abs.gov.au 2536: 2506: 2476: 2448: 2422: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2292: 2289: 2281:Pauline Hanson 2273:Lowy Institute 2234:advocating a ' 2224:Peter Costello 2215: 2212: 2206: 2203: 2130:Peter Costello 2122: 2119: 2076: 2073: 2045:Macquarie Bank 2040: 2037: 2023:climate change 2002:, showing its 1988: 1985: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1938: 1920: 1898: 1862: 1861: 1845:Mainland China 1836: 1832:United Kingdom 1823: 1807:Mainland China 1798: 1788: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1730: 1729: 1726: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1696: 1695: 1692: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1611: 1610: 1607: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1537:Mainland China 1526: 1525: 1522: 1509: 1508: 1505: 1492: 1491: 1486: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1432:Main article: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1378: 1375: 1367: 1366: 1363: 1349:Main article: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1240: 1239: 1236:Investor visas 1225: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1123: 1120: 1108: 1105: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1073: 1070: 1058: 1055: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1023: 1020: 1008: 1005: 993: 989: 988: 985: 973: 970: 958: 955: 943: 939: 938: 935: 923: 920: 908: 905: 886: 882: 881: 878: 866: 863: 851: 848: 836: 832: 831: 828: 816: 813: 801: 798: 786: 782: 781: 778: 766: 763: 751: 748: 736: 732: 731: 728: 716: 713: 701: 698: 686: 682: 681: 678: 676:United Kingdom 666: 663: 661:United Kingdom 651: 648: 646:United Kingdom 636: 632: 631: 628: 625: 622: 610: 607: 604: 603: 600: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 580: 579: 576: 572: 571: 568: 564: 563: 560: 556: 555: 552: 548: 547: 544: 540: 539: 536: 532: 531: 528: 524: 523: 520: 516: 515: 512: 508: 507: 504: 500: 499: 496: 492: 491: 488: 484: 483: 480: 476: 475: 472: 468: 467: 464: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 448: 424:Ten Pound Poms 404:Dutch migrants 385: 382: 372: 371: 368: 364: 363: 360: 356: 355: 352: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 336: 270:Main article: 267: 264: 255: 252: 206:Main article: 203: 200: 176:Main article: 173: 170: 158:asylum seekers 116:Eastern Europe 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6121: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6058:New Caledonia 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6038:Easter Island 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5892: 5887: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5674:Ethnic groups 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5513:Manufacturing 5511: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5461: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5444: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5367:Republicanism 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322:National debt 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4913: 4911: 4906: 4904: 4899: 4898: 4895: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4820: 4819: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4746: 4743:Jupp, James. 4742: 4740: 4736: 4733:Jupp, James. 4732: 4730: 4726: 4723:Jupp, James. 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4535: 4531: 4524: 4521: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4464: 4461: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4434: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4415: 4412: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4333: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4274: 4267: 4261: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4190:www.pc.gov.au 4187: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4153: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4107: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4067: 4064: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4009: 4003: 4000: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3973: 3970: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3933: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3880: 3877: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3822: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3768: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3742: 3738: 3732: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3654: 3650: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3578: 3571: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3550: 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2681: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2570: 2567: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2507: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2261: 2260:Fairfax Media 2256: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2244:Australia Day 2241: 2237: 2236:Big Australia 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2211: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2162:Fairfax Media 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2093:According to 2091: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2015:overpopulated 2012: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977:trade balance 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915:and 41.6% of 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879:Lebanese-born 1876: 1873: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1781: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1754: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1741:United States 1737: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1618: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1584: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1504: 1499: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1466: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1422: 1418: 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