1347:, where they commonly work at shopping malls, hospitals, public transportation, or as privateers employed by bar or nightclub owners. But despite employment, their first and foremost loyalty lies with the police, who manage and supervise them in the field. They can also be used to augment the police at football matches and high-risk football derbies (after receiving special training). An Ordningsvakt is required to wear a special uniform, which is similar to that of a police officer, but made out of a brighter blue colour and with slightly different emblems so they are easily identified as an Ordningsvakt but also make their connection to the police as obvious as possible. Some security officers are allowed to carry firearms, but this is rare. While on duty, an Ordningsvakt, just like a police officer, is regarded as a public servant, and an assault or threats against one will be punished more harshly. A lawful order given by an Ordningsvakt must be obeyed; otherwise, physical force may be used to enforce that order. Resisting at this point is illegal and punishable by prison.
771:(e.g., regarding injuries, size of crowd outside, capacity of venue, incidents, etc.). Bouncers answer questions about club policies and procedures while controlling crowds (by asking people not to block entrances, exits, stairwells, and other high-traffic areas). Bouncers lead "injury and emergency procedures" if a patron is injured and requires first aid. In a large nightclub, the bouncers may be part of a security team that includes friskers (who check for weapons and drugs), surveillance staff, a doorman, and floor men, with all of these security staff reporting to a chief of security, who in turn, reports to the general manager. In countries like the UK, or where the venue may be smaller in the US, all security personnel are considered bouncers/door supervisors and usually undertake all of the above roles at the same time. This can also include CCTV operation and sweeps/patrols of the venue.
870:
depends heavily on the laws and customs of the country. In
Australia, the number of complaints and lawsuits against venues due to the behaviour of their bouncers has been credited with turning many establishments to using former police officers to head their in-house security, instead of hiring private firms. In 2007, a bouncer firm in Toronto stated that a major issue for his bouncers is the risk of being charged with assault if a patron is injured because bouncers are dealing with a fight. The concerns about being charged by police may make bouncers reticent to call the police after they break up a bar fight. Lee Vineyard states that judges tend to be prejudiced against bouncers if there are injuries to patrons after bouncers break up a bar fight; as such, he recommends restraint in all bouncer actions, even if the bouncer is defending him or herself from a patron.
498:" If Sam was ignorant of the meaning of the word 'bounce,' he was soon enlightened. The waiter seized him by the collar, before he knew what was going to happen, pushed him to the door, and then, lifting his foot by a well-directed kick, landed him across the sidewalk into the street. This proceeding was followed by derisive laughter from the other waiters who had gathered near the door, and it was echoed by two street urchins outside, who witnessed Sam's ignominious exit from the restaurant. Sam staggered from the force of the bouncing, and felt disgraced and humiliated to think that the waiter who had been so respectful and attentive should have inflicted upon him such an indignity, which he had no power to resent.
616:
943:. She talks to the person who is feeling uncomfortable and then, if the first person agrees, speaks to the individual whose conduct is unwanted. Like a regular bouncer, the consent captain warns the person engaging in unwanted behavior that those acts are not tolerated in the venue; if the unwanted acts continue, she may "eventually ask them to leave". The consent captain also checks on people who are intoxicated, to prevent people from taking advantage of their impaired state. Since the consent captain is, in this case, a sexual health educator, she is better able to notice risk situations regarding consent and harassment that regular bouncers might not notice.
1104:, bouncers have the right to use reasonable force to expel intoxicated or aggressive patrons. First, the patron must be asked to leave the premises. If the patron refuses to leave, the bouncer can use reasonable force to expel the patron. This guideline has been upheld in a number of court cases. Under the definition of 'reasonable force', "it is perfectly acceptable to grab a patron’s arm to remove the patron from the premises". However, "Only in situations where employees reasonably believe that the conduct of the patron puts them in danger can they inflict harm on a patron and then only to the extent that such force is necessary for self defence".
713:...have been observed to initiate fights or further encourage them on several occasions. Many seem poorly trained, obsessed with their own machismo, and relate badly to groups of male strangers. Some of them appear to regard their employment as giving them a licence to assault people. This may be encouraged by management adherence to a repressive model of supervision of patrons ("if they play up, thump 'em"), which in fact does not reduce trouble, and exacerbates an already hostile and aggressive situation. In practice many bouncers are not well managed in their work, and appear to be given a job autonomy and discretion that they cannot handle well.
1356:
553:', where bouncers worked the door at brothels. Prostitutes worked at the area's 120 bawdy houses in small rooms, paying a fee to the procurer who usually was the bouncer or 'protector' of the brothel. The more expensive, higher-class brothels were called "parlour houses", and they were "run most decorously", and the "best of food and drink was served." To maintain the high-class atmosphere at these establishments, male patrons were expected to act like gentlemen; "... if any customer did or said anything out of line, he was asked to leave. A bouncer made sure he did".
400:, the Levitical Temple is described as having a number of 'gatekeepers'—amongst their duties are "protect the temple from theft", from "illegal entry into sacred areas" and "maintain order", all functions they share with the modern concept of the bouncer, though the described temple servants also serve as holy persons and administrators themselves (it is noted that some administrative function is still present in today's bouncing in the higher position of the supervisor). Door supervisors or bouncers are usually larger persons who display great strength and size.
725:, Canada. The study indicated that in 12% of the incidents the bouncers had good responses, in 20% of the incidents, the bouncers had a neutral response; and in 36% of the incidents, the bouncers "... responses were rated as bad—that is, the crowd controllers enhanced the likelihood of violence but were themselves not violent." Finally, "... in almost one-third of incidents, 31 per cent, the crowd controllers' responses were rated as ugly. The controllers' actions involved gratuitous aggression, harassment of patrons and provocative behaviour."
523:
saloons, dance halls, and theatres." The best bordellos looked like respectable mansions, with attractively decorated parlours, a game room and a dance hall. For security, "somewhere in every parlor of the house there was always a bouncer, a giant of a man who stayed sober to handle any customer who got too rough with one of the girls or didn't want to pay his bill." The "protective presence" of bouncers in high-class brothels was "... one of the reasons the girls considered themselves superior to free-lancers, who lacked any such shepherds."
734:
515:
1391:. Californians must undertake the "Skills Training Course for Security Guards" before receiving a security licence. Further courses allow for qualified security personnel to carry batons upon completion of training. Exempted from the Act are peace officers in specified circumstances and guards employed exclusively and regularly by any employer who does not provide contract security services (known as proprietary guards), provided they do not carry or use any deadly weapon in the performance of their duties.
1159:, doormen may – like any other citizen – defend themselves in self-defense situations using physical force, but they must not interfere with the police work. Their responsibility is limited locally by the property boundaries and content by the personal rights of the guests. Specifically, this means that they can not enforce a person control or search for people. Such on-the-spot checks are always voluntary, but a criterion for entry. Bouncers own like every other the right to detain under
952:
4345:
842:
904:
1108:
most part, and a basic understanding of the criminal code as it applies to drug use and the use of force. Unfortunately it does not cover the Use of Force Model for all
Canadian citizens. including law enforcement, which states that an assault is considered a crime covered by "citizens arrest" under Canadian law. Other municipalities in the province have no training. Municipal or provincial governance does not exist at the time of this publishing.
45:
377:
the occupation suggests that the stereotype of bouncers as rough, tough, physical enforcers has indeed been the case in many countries and cultures throughout history. Historical references also suggest that the 'door supervisor' function of guarding a place and selecting who can have entry to it (the stereotypical task of the modern bouncer) could at times be an honorific and evolve into a relatively important position.
927:. Large and intimidating bouncers, whilst providing an appearance of strong security, may also drive customers away in cases where a more relaxed environment is desired. In addition, female security staff, apart from having fewer problems searching female patrons for drugs or weapons and entering women's washrooms to check for illegal activities, are also considered as better able to deal with drunk or aggressive women.
4368:
3812:
746:
and while conversant with the milieu, it required some time for him to re-enter bouncing work in a new locality. The study has, however, attracted some criticism due to the fact that the researcher, while fulfilling his duties as a bouncer and being required to set aside his academic distance, would have been at risk of losing objectivity—though it was accepted that this quandary might be difficult to resolve.
1266:, called Bijzondere Wetten. Not only will the bouncer be charged, but also the company. Because of the relatively strong bar-, club- and catering industry in the Netherlands, bouncers are necessary to act as host, problem solver and mediator. They are mainly tasked with preventive searches and checks, supervision of customers, keeping out drugs and weapons and maintaining a safe atmosphere in the premises.
701:
1133:. Further, it must take positive steps to protect patrons and others from the dangers of intoxication". Regarding the second requirement of protecting patrons, the law holds that "customers cannot be ejected from your premises if doing so would put them in danger . Bars can be held liable for ejecting a customer who they know, or should know, is at risk of injury by being ejected."
1278:, as of 2011, bouncers are required to have a COA (Certificate of approval). Like other security work, the person who has the COA has been vetted by the police and cleared through security checks, as well as the courts, to show the person is suitable for the job, and knows New Zealand law to prevent Security Officers going to court for using excessive force and assault on patrons.
750:
away from the use of force. As part of the study it eventually became clear that bouncers themselves were similarly and constantly weighing up the limits and uses of their participation in violence. The research however found that instead of being a part of the occupation, violence itself was the defining characteristic, a "culture created around violence and violent expectation".
110:
984:. The training for a door supervisor licence takes 52 hours since the current changes were implemented on 1 December 2022, — Thus having the most rigorous training regime for the private security industry in the world, without being granted any special police powers like other countries with slightly lesser, but still rigorous training. The training includes subjects such as:
4357:
709:
drunkenness. The research indicated that bouncers did not play as large a role "... as expected in the creation of an aggressive or violence prone atmosphere ." However, the study did show that "...edgy and aggressive bouncers, especially when they are arbitrary or petty in their manner, do have an adverse effect." The study stated that bouncers:
931:
giving the authorities "discretionary power to withhold a venue's licence if it does not employ female door staff". This is credited with having "opened the door for women to enter the profession". However, female bouncers are still a rarity in many countries, such as in India, where two women who became media celebrities in 2008 for being "
3189:
780:
1122:, bar and nightclub security staff will have to take a new, government-run training course on correct bouncer behaviour and skills before the end of 2008. The six-hour 'ProTect' course will, among other subjects, teach staff to identify conflicts before they become violent, and how to defuse situations without resorting to force.
1294:). The PSA vet all applicants before issuing a license. Some past convictions will disqualify an applicant from working in the security industry. The license issued by the PSA entitles the holder of the license to work on pubs, clubs and event security. The PSA now requires a person to have a license to work in Event Security.
762:
commonplace). In the case of the
British research project, the legally required licensing as a bouncer was also found to be expected by employers before applicants started the job (and as licensing generally excluded people with criminal convictions, this kept out some of the more unstable violent personalities).
1200:
of the
Industrial Code. The certificate issued by the Chamber of Industry and Commerce after passing the exam is colloquially called "bouncer certificate" or simply "certificate" or "34 a". The exam consists of a written part with multiple-choice questions and an oral part. The latter can be repeated
1063:
Licensed door supervisors must wear the licence (often worn on the upper arm) whilst on duty. This led to the common misconception that door supervisors are legally obliged to show their ID to members of the public upon request; in reality, in order to protect their identities from aggressive clients
930:
In
Australia, for example, women comprise almost 20% of the security industry and increasingly work the door as well, using "a smile, chat and a friendly but firm demeanor" to resolve tense situations. Nearly one in nine of Britain's nightclub bouncers are also women, with the UK's 2003 Licensing Act
894:
Lee
Vineyard recommends that bouncers be provided with uniforms by the club, so that patrons can identify the bouncers. During a fight in a bar, if the bouncers are un-uniformed as they approach the altercation, the fighting patrons may believe that the bouncers who are intervening are other fighting
770:
Bouncers monitor a club or venue to "detect, report and correct any condition inside/outside the club" which could lead to injuries of patrons or staff or to damage of the club or its equipment. A key role for bouncers is communicating information within a club to the venue employees who need to know
367:
Other terms include "cooler" in the US and "door supervisor" in the UK. In US bars, "cooler" is often the term for the head bouncer. The "cooler" is expected to have the same ability to respond to physical situations as the rest of the bouncers, but should also have reliable interpersonal skills that
1326:
and to verbally dismiss, physically remove, or detain those who disturb or pose an immediate threat to public order or safety, by using a reasonable amount of force. They can also detain or otherwise take into custody those who are drunk and disorderly and turn them over to police custody as soon as
1136:
In
Ontario, bartenders and servers must complete the Smart Serve Training Program, which teaches them to recognise the signs of intoxication. The Smart Serve program is also recommended for other staff in bars who have contact with potentially intoxicated patrons, such as bouncers, coat check staff,
1107:
In the
Newfoundland and Labrador capital of Saint John's, certification of doormen is voluntary. Some establishments require a "doorman's certificate", provided by the St. Johns Fire Department, that deals with Fire Code. This process requires answering test questions that apply to fire code for the
922:
Another strategy used in some bars is to hire smaller, less threatening or female bouncers, because they may be better able to defuse conflicts than large, intimidating bouncers. The more 'impressive' bouncers, in the often tense environments they are supposed to supervise, are also often challenged
812:
that later arise from an incident. Bouncers need to be polite when answering questions or controlling crowds. In larger clubs, bouncers need to be able to work with a team of bouncers, which may require the use of radios to stay in contact and communicate (particularly between the inside and outside
795:
of bouncers is that of the thuggish brute, a good club security staff member requires more than just physical qualities such as strength and size: "The best bouncers don’t "bounce" anyone... they talk to people" (and remind them of the venue rules). Lee
Vineyard states that the "tough guy" mentality
757:
as opposed to typical job recruitment, and also depended heavily on previous familiarity with violence. This does not extend to the prospective bouncer himself having to have a reputation for violence—rather a perception was needed that he could deal with it if required. Various other elements, such
708:
In the early 1990s, an
Australian government study on violence stated that violent incidents in public drinking locations are caused by the interaction of five factors: aggressive and unreasonable bouncers, groups of male strangers, low comfort (e.g., unventilated, hot clubs), high boredom, and high
526:
In Wisconsin's lumberjack days, bouncers would physically remove drinkers who were too drunk to keep buying drinks, and thus free up space in the bar for new patrons. The slang term 'snake-room' was used to describe a "...room off a saloon, usually two or three steps down, into which a bar-keeper or
1487:
species normally engages in. Instead, they spend much of their time guarding the nest opening, their jaws cocked. When foreign ants venture close, the force of the mandibles is sufficient to throw back the intruder for a significant distance, a defense behaviour which is thought to also protect the
1305:
requires all bouncers to undergo a background check and attend a 5-day 'National Skills Recognition System' course for security staff. However, many of the more professional security companies (and larger venues with their own dedicated security staff) have noted that the course is insufficient for
1088:, bouncers are required to be legally licensed as crowd controllers. Licensing varies across the states and territories, and a crowd controller needs to apply under the Mutual Recognition Scheme to work in another state, having their license formally recognised by the state they wish to work in. In
799:
An ability to judge and communicate well with people will reduce the need for physical intervention, while a steady personality will prevent the bouncer from being easily provoked by customers. Bouncers need to be able to detect the early warning signs of a potential confrontation with a patron, by
761:
Training on the job was described as very limited, with the new bouncers being 'thrown into the deep end'—the fact that they had been accepted for the job in the first place including the assessment that they should know what they are doing (though informal observation of a beginner's behaviour was
682:
In 2006, a German newspaper reported that organized crime is operating bouncer extortion rackets in "Berlin, Hamburg, the Ruhr Valley and the Rhein-Main region" in which bar owners are "compelled to hire a bouncer, for 100 euros ($ 128) per hour", to "protect" against damage to their venue from the
376:
In the 1990s and 2000s, increased awareness of the risks of lawsuits and criminal charges have led many bars and venues to train their bouncers to use communication and conflict resolution skills before, or rather than, resorting to brute force against troublemakers. However, the earlier history of
938:
The Victoria Event Center has hired a sexual health educator/intimacy coach who acts as a type of bouncer called a "consent captain". The consent captain monitors bar patrons to stop sexual harassment and sexual assault at social activities at venues and bars. The consent captain intervenes if she
820:
as a strongly masculine person who is capable of dealing with – and dealing out – violence; their employment income plays a lesser role in their job satisfaction. Bouncer subculture is strongly influenced by perceptions of honour and shame, a typical characteristic of groups that are in the public
749:
One of the main ethical issues of the research was the participation of the researcher in violence, and to what degree he would be allowed to participate. The group could not fully resolve this issue, as the undercover researcher would not have been able to gain the trust of his peers while shying
745:
study also observed bouncing from within, as part of a British project to study violent subcultures. Beyond studying the bouncer culture from the outside, the group selected a suitable candidate for covert, long-term research. The man had previously worked as a bouncer before becoming an academic,
1406:
New York State licensed security guards must take one 8 hour course by a licensed instructor and be fingerprinted prior to starting work. Once this is done the security packet must be mailed to the state and that bouncer is “pending”. License should take 3-6 weeks to process. Security guards may
1331:
is recruited by the police and must go through a battery of physical tests, a language test, and an interview board before going through a two-week training program which teaches behaviour, conflict management, criminal law, physical intervention, the use of telescopic batons and handcuffs, first
1261:
departments in the region where the company is located. Also, this background check is repeated every 3 years, after which a renewed Security ID will be handed to the subject. With this ID, the subject is allowed to work as a bouncer. In case he/she doesn't have this ID on his/her person at work,
914:
training programs teach bouncers ways to avoid using force and explain what types of force are considered allowable by the courts. Some bars have gone so far as to institute policies barring physical contact, where bouncers are instructed to ask a drunk or disorderly patron to leave—if the patron
849:
Movies often depict bouncers physically throwing patrons out of clubs and restraining drunk customers with headlocks, which has led to a popular misconception that bouncers have (or reserve) the right to use physical force freely. However, in many countries bouncers have no legal authority to use
577:
docks hired bouncers to maintain order and eject aggressive patrons. The Oasis club, operated by Max Cohen, hired "...a lady bouncer by the name of Mickey Steele, a six-foot acrobat from the Pennsylvania coal fields. Mickey was always considerate of the people she bounced; first asking them where
534:
In the late 19th century, bouncers at small town dances and bars physically resolved disputes and removed troublemakers, without worrying about lawsuits. In the main bar in one Iowa town, "...there were many quarrels, many fights, but all were settled on the spot. There were no court costs ; only
522:
In US Western towns in the 1870s, high-class brothels known as "good houses" or "parlour houses" hired bouncers for security and to prevent patrons from evading payment. "Good house"-style brothels "... considered themselves the cream of the crop, and scorned those who worked in (or out of)
349:
related to the use of force by bouncers are "the highest preventable loss found within the industry", as many United States bouncers are often taken to court and other countries have similar problems of excessive force. In many countries, state governments have taken steps to professionalise the
569:
was often considered as an activity which could lead to immoral conduct if the dancers got too close, some of the more reputable venues had bouncers to remind patrons not to dance closer than nine inches to their partners. The bouncers' warnings tended to consist of light taps on the shoulder at
358:
licensed door supervisor when the venue capacity has been appraised. These operatives go through a one week training regime, and are often more highly skilled than operatives without this training, as is evident by the reduced number of assaults by bouncers since the introduction of the license.
869:
related to the use of force as "the highest preventable loss found within the industry..." (US) and bars being "sued more often for using unnecessary or excessive force than for any other reason" (Canada), substantial costs may be incurred by indiscriminate violence against patrons—though this
857:
In The United Kingdom, the definition of an assault is very particularly defined. Door supervisors may have to use physical force in the course of their duties. Such force must be no more than is reasonable and necessary (the minimum force necessary). If deemed otherwise they may be liable for
833:) is for example often based on the perception that the person will be more willing to fight (compared to someone dressed in expensive attire). Many similar decisions taken by a bouncer during the course of a night are also being described as based on experience rather than just personality.
542:, which was filled with "ramshackle groups of wooden shanties", bars, cabarets, fleabag hotels and brothels. Huge bouncers patrolled these venues of vice and "roughly ejected anyone who violated the loose rules of decorum" by engaging in pick-pocketing, jewelry thieving, or bloody fights.
1383:, Senate Bill 194 requires any bouncer or security guard to be registered with the State of California Department of Consumer Affairs Bureau of Security and Investigative Services. These guards must also complete a criminal background check, including submitting their fingerprints to the
1318:, there are special security officers referred to as Ordningsvakt with limited policing duties who share the use of force monopoly with the police, thus having more or less the same obligations as the police to report crime and intervene when on duty. They are trained and ordained by the
611:
were also hired to screen for Nazi spies, because jazz was considered a "degenerate" form of music by the Nazi party. Later during the Nazi regime, bouncers also increasingly barred non-German people (such as foreign workers) from public functions, such as 'German' dances at dance halls.
527:
the bouncer could slide drunk lumber-jacks head first through swinging doors from the bar-room." In the late 19th century, until Prohibition, bouncers also had the unusual role of protecting the saloon's buffet. To attract business, "...many saloons lured customers with offers of a "
1115:, door staff security (bouncers) are required to become certified under the Ministry of Public Safety and Solicitor General Office. The course called BST (Basic Security Training) is a 40-hour program that covers law, customer service, and other issue related to security operation.
1092:, these licenses require the undertaking of a security provider course, which teaches the licensee techniques in physical restraints, use of force, conflict negotiation and deescalation, first-aid and CPR, and details the legal requirements and obligations of the crowd controller.
490:, which was first published in 1875. Alger was an immensely popular author in the 19th century, especially with young people and his books were widely quoted. In Chapter XIV, entitled "Bounced", a boy is thrown out of a restaurant because he has no money to pay for his meal:
1256:
WPBR) to be in possession of a specialized diploma (SVH Diploma Horecaportier). The course contains both theoretical and practical training and exams and can only be entered if the subject does not have a criminal record, which will be checked by a screening by
481:
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, US saloon-keepers and brothel madams hired bouncers to remove troublesome, violent, or dead-drunk patrons, and to protect the saloon girls and prostitutes. The word "bouncer" was first popularized in a novel by
653:
In the 1990s and 2000s, a number of bouncers have written "tell-all" books about their experiences on the door. They indicate that male bouncers are respected by some club-goers as the ultimate 'hard men', while at the same time, these bouncers can also be
796:
and look of some bouncers, in which they have their sleeves rolled up to show off their biceps and they have their arms crossed, can actually create more potential for fights than a bouncer who greets patrons with a "hello", and is thus approachable.
650:. Hong Kong police have noted that due to the letter of the law, they sometimes had to charge the bouncer for illegally extorting the women when the usually expected dominance situation between the sex worker and her "protector" was in fact reversed.
854:, to eject drunk or aggressive patrons refusing to leave a venue, or when restraining a patron who has committed an offence until police arrive. Lawsuits are possible if injuries occur, even if the patron was drunk or using aggressive language.
638:
Bouncers have also been known to be associated with criminal gangs, especially in places like Russia, Hong Kong or Japan, where bouncers may often belong to these groups or have to pay the crime syndicates to be able to operate. In Hong Kong,
666:. Bouncers were selected as one of the groups studied by several English researchers in the 1990s because their culture was seen as "grounded in violence", as well as because the group had increasingly been "demonised", especially in common
828:
The same research has also indicated that the decisions made by bouncers, while seeming haphazard to an outsider, often have a basis in rational logic. The decision to turn certain customers away at the door because of too casual clothing
882:
for personal protection, but they may not have a legal right to carry a weapon even if they would prefer to do so. An article from 2007 about bouncers in Toronto (Canada) stated that a major security firm instructs its bouncers to buy
2934:
2752:
803:
Bouncers also profit from good written communication skills, because they are often required to document assaults in an incident log or using an incident form. Well-kept incident logs can protect the employee from any potential
758:
as body language or physical looks (muscles, shaved heads) were also described as often expected for entry into bouncing—being part of the symbolic 'narratives of intimidation' that set bouncers apart in their work environment.
873:
According to statistical research in Canada, bouncers are as likely to face physical violence in their work as urban-area police officers. The research also found that the likelihood of such encounters increased (with
1922:
1051:
Addins: Fire Marshal Training, Mental Health Awareness Training, Introduction to Risk Assessments Training, Workplace Health and Safety Training, Mechanical Restraint Training, CCTV training, Handcuff training, and
955:
A bouncer at a reggae concert wears a shirt emblazoned with the word "Security". The use of a uniform for bouncers is recommended, as it enables patrons to quickly identify the bouncer as a member of the security
1332:
aid, equal opportunities and discrimination, and arrest procedures. He or she must then be re-certified every three years. At the end of each shift, a written shift report must always be submitted to the police.
813:
of a club). In bouncer teams, the bouncers must be aware of the location of the other bouncers, and ensure that when one bouncer relocates (e.g., to go to the bathroom), a gap is not left in the venue security.
585:
in the Germany of the 1920s and early 1930s, doormen protected venues from the fights caused by Nazis and other potentially violent groups (such as Communists). Such scenes were fictionalised in the movie
3054:
1469:
Some types of ant species have evolved a sub-specialisation that has been called a "bouncer", and performs a similar function (throwing intruders outside) for its fellows. The majors of the Australian
1403:, it is illegal for a bar owner to knowingly hire a felon for a bouncer position. Under Article 7 General Business Law, bars and nightclubs are not allowed to hire bouncers without a proper license.
2508:
1252:
and have primary tasks involving hospitality, such as greeting customers, providing services, supporting customer needs and some security tasks. However, bouncers are required, since 1999 by law (
878:) with the number of years the bouncer had worked in his occupation. Despite popular misconceptions, bouncers in Western countries are normally unarmed. Some bouncers may carry weapons such as
2944:
385:
The significance of the door supervisor as the person allowing (or barring) entry is found in a number of Mesopotamian myths (and later in Greek myths descended from them), including that of
2756:
1322:
to maintain and enforce public order at venues or areas where the police cannot permanently divert resources to enforce public order themselves. These security officers have powers of
1129:, courts have ruled that "a tavern owes a twofold duty of care to its patrons. It must ensure that it does not serve alcohol which would apparently intoxicate or increase the patron's
3005:
1201:
at a reduced price if it does not exist. Currently, the number of retry attempts is not limited. The costs for the examination depending on IHK location between 150 and 190 euros.
1614:
964:
to gain employment within the security/crowd control sector. In some countries or regions, bouncers may be required to have extra skills or special licenses and certification for
3221:
1429:
includes celebrities and historical figures who worked as bouncers, often before coming to fame in another field or profession. A number of these bouncers were wrestlers (e.g.,
2835:
825:. The camaraderie between bouncers (even of different clubs), as well as the ability to work "in the moment" and outside of the drudgery of typical jobs were also often cited.
658:
for aggression and macho posturing on the part of obnoxious male customers wanting to prove themselves. Bouncing has also started to attract some academic interest as part of
1930:
683:"wrong" type of patron or violence. In 2008, newspapers reported that some bouncers in London and other northern UK towns were "extorting cash from businesses" by operating
506:'The Bouncer' is merely the English 'chucker out'. When liberty verges on license and gaiety on wanton delirium, the Bouncer selects the gayest of the gay, and—bounces him!"
1137:
and valets. The Smart Serve certification program encourages bars to keep Incident Reporting Logs, to use as evidence if an incident goes to court. With the August 2007
3350:
1599:
The right training for doormen, bouncers and coolers is a critical component in preventing criminal charges and litigation against nightclub owners and their employees.
1147:
passed a law in 2010 requiring bouncers to be trained and licensed, but the province has never adopted detailed regulations and proclaimed the legislation into effect.
55:
4281:
3207:
3118:
1407:
work while they are “pending”. Licenses are valid for 2 years and all guards must take the 16 hour on the job training before renewal. Under New York state law only a
409:(doorkeeper), initially a slave, who guarded the door, and sometimes ejected unwanted people from the house whose gate he guarded. The term later become a low-ranking
578:
they lived and then throwing them in that general direction. She was succeeded by a character known as 'Machine-Gun Butch' who was a long-time bouncer at the club".
446:, the twin guardian statues who decorate the entrances of temples, dojos, and various places related with religious importance, are believed to be the embodiment of
1900:
1163:. In addition, the guards are usually also "possessor" of the security object, which led to many racism-related issues regarding the entry of foreign customers.
325:
and they are often hired directly by the venue, rather than by a security firm in the United States. Bouncers are often required where crowd size, clientele or
2515:
2460:
816:
However, UK research from the 1990s also indicates that a major part of both the group identity and the job satisfaction of bouncers is related to their
858:
assault charges, otherwise, if it is deemed reasonable proportionate and necessary to the threat faced - the door supervisor will not face any charges.
3407:
3412:
2904:
821:
eye. Factors in enjoying work as a bouncer were also found in the general prestige and respect that was accorded to bouncers, sometimes bordering on
4328:
2452:"Bouncers run extortion rackets: Door security staff who have been licensed by the government are running protection rackets against pubs and clubs"
2346:
3245:
4403:
615:
687:, in which they offer to sell "protection" to club owners, telling them "you're going to pay us, or else" the club owner's venue may be damaged.
3453:
318:
or establishment rules. They are also charged with maintaining order, and ensuring all laws and regulations are being followed by all patrons.
2995:
1290:
all potential doormen (bouncers) must complete a QQI level 4 course in Door Security Procedures. This allows them to apply for a PSA license (
494:"Here, Peter, you waited on this young man, didn't you?" "Yes, sir." "He hasn't paid for his breakfast, and pretends he hasn't got any money.
3708:
3694:
3676:
3662:
3648:
3606:
3592:
3294:
2807:
4315:
3748:
3377:
2783:
2011:
915:
refuses, the bouncers call police. However, if the police are called too frequently, it can reflect badly on the venue upon renewal of its
1076:
intended to be disbanded, ostensibly on the overall grounds of cost, despite the SIA being essentially self-funding via licence payments.
2475:
2484:
425:(written approximately 194–184 BC), mentions a "large and powerful" doorman / bouncer as a threat to get an unwelcome visitor to leave.
3231:
3119:"Could a 'Consent Captain' be the solution to sexual assault in bars?: The superhero we wish we didn't need, but are sure glad to have"
3686:
2878:
1988:
1945:
1355:
2679:
3634:
3620:
3578:
3564:
3550:
3536:
3522:
2327:
2271:
2237:
2203:
2169:
2142:
2109:
1828:
1771:
1737:
1703:
89:
1666:
646:
Hong Kong also features a somewhat unusual situation where some bouncers are known to work for prostitutes, instead of being their
3439:
2857:
1640:
3354:
3174:
1384:
1186:
2965:
1966:
3322:
2294:
1388:
337:", choosing who is allowed to patronize the establishment. Some establishments may also assign a bouncer to be responsible for
4320:
3481:
2492:
2419:
1885:
435:, noted that bouncers were counted as part of a semi-legal underworld, amongst other 'shady' characters such as gamblers and
3126:
1554:
531:"—usually well salted to inspire drinking, and the saloon "bouncer" was generally on hand to discourage hearty appetites".
518:
An Arizona saloon in 1885, from the era when bouncers earned their rough and tumble reputation by forcibly ejecting brawlers
2545:
431:, an early Christian author living mainly in the 2nd century AD, while reporting on the casual oppression of Christians in
2076:
1871:
1908:
1236:
Bouncers must not have ownership of any type of firearm during their service even if they have a valid firearms license.
593:
2645:
1073:
1876:
1517:
981:
640:
355:
2045:
850:
physical force more freely than any other civilian—meaning they are restricted to reasonable levels of force used in
71:
3074:
2939:
1858:
1291:
4408:
3915:
538:
In the 1880s and 1890s, bouncers were used to maintain order in "The Gut", the roughest part of New York City's
4393:
4135:
3741:
2451:
1319:
875:
31:
3149:"Showing the public my SIA badge on request – a Freedom of Information request to Security Industry Authority"
1549:
1253:
1213:, the law defines bouncers as "security subsidiary unarmed operator" and they must have specific requisites:
800:
observing crowds and individuals and spotting the signs of a "heated" interaction that could become a fight.
4271:
3417:
2298:
1364:
879:
514:
627:, due to the tendency of groups of hooligans to congregate at pubs and bars before and after games. In the
4276:
4192:
3268:
2912:
1065:
733:
311:
3148:
2356:
4413:
3253:
3030:
1947:
Drinking in America: A History – Search for Consensus: Drinking and the War Against Pluralism, 1860–1920
1802:
632:
753:
The bouncing culture's insular attitudes also extended to the recruitment process, which was mainly by
3269:"Nova Scotia reviewed bar-bouncer law shortly after man's death, but left it inactive, documents show"
1248:
doormen (portiers) and bouncers (uitsmijters) are 2 different specialties. Doormen are mostly seen as
4240:
3457:
3000:
1408:
1130:
624:
473:
during his journeys to spread his teachings to protect him and aid in cases needing justified force.
258:
887:, as they have to deal with armed patrons on a nightly basis. Bouncers also face patrons armed with
329:
consumption may make arguments or fights a possibility, or where the threat or presence of criminal
4398:
4372:
4286:
3985:
3734:
1434:
1323:
1287:
1180:
588:
574:
283:
218:
4184:
3820:
3059:
2875:
2829:
2351:
1996:
546:
326:
246:
3385:
2790:
951:
1056:
Licenses must be renewed every three years, and as of 2023, additional license-linked training
841:
721:
examined 182 violent incidents involving crowd controllers (bouncers) that occurred in bars in
717:
A 1998 article "Responses by Security Staff to Aggressive Incidents in Public Settings" in the
4266:
4156:
4090:
3995:
3960:
3786:
3704:
3690:
3672:
3658:
3644:
3630:
3616:
3602:
3588:
3574:
3560:
3546:
3532:
3518:
3201:
2560:
2488:
2323:
2317:
2267:
2261:
2233:
2199:
2165:
2138:
2105:
2023:
1824:
1818:
1767:
1761:
1733:
1699:
1693:
1480:
903:
684:
2619:
2227:
2159:
2099:
1951:
1727:
4230:
4215:
4055:
3490:
3327:
3226:
3040:
2784:"Did you know? (from the October 2005 newsletter of 'Smart Serve Ontario', Ontario, Canada)"
2398:
2193:
2132:
2031:
1426:
1420:
1112:
1003:
The principles of effective communication and customer care in the private security industry
961:
935:'s first female bouncers" were soon sacked again after accusations of unbecoming behaviour.
884:
458:
447:
421:
351:
1582:
1141:, Ontario law also requires security industry workers, including bouncers, to be licensed.
4210:
3955:
3035:
2387:"Get Ready to Duck: Bouncers and the Realities of Ethnographic Research on Violent Groups"
1497:
1442:
1171:
862:
582:
342:
303:
2101:
Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art, and Music
4161:
4151:
4080:
4040:
4010:
3781:
2812:
2684:
1502:
1488:
guard against physical or chemical injury that it might sustain in more direct battle.
1400:
940:
932:
916:
888:
643:-connected reprisal or intimidation attacks against bouncers have been known to occur.
628:
566:
470:
443:
279:
262:
238:
214:
3811:
1974:
655:
354:
background check. In the United Kingdom, all licensed premises are required to have a
314:
persons, and to deal with aggressive, violent or verbal behavior or disobedience with
4387:
4361:
4166:
4030:
4015:
3940:
3791:
2973:
2882:
2012:"Shady Ladies in the 'Stingaree District': When The Red Lights Went Out In San Diego"
1474:
1430:
980:, "door supervisors"—as they are termed—must hold a door supervisor licence from the
907:
A bouncer (wearing a black tennis shirt) controlling access to a well-known pawn shop
754:
597:
483:
397:
234:
161:
119:
3096:
2302:
1729:
Greek Myths and Mesopotamia: Parallels and Influence in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod
822:
4349:
3975:
3894:
2546:"Is there a place for covert research methods in criminology? A different approach"
1881:
1484:
1470:
1458:
1340:
1167:
911:
851:
830:
604:
539:
450:
393:
338:
334:
307:
291:
202:
67:
3515:
Old School-New School: Guide to Bouncers, Security and Registered Door Supervisors
1306:
the specific requirements of a bouncer and provide their own additional training.
1170:, who work for a security company or are self-employed, have to take a so-called (
700:
2195:
Hitler's Foreign Workers: Enforced Foreign Labor in Germany Under the Third Reich
1796:
17:
4303:
4245:
4205:
4025:
3925:
3910:
3874:
3848:
1360:
1275:
1245:
1144:
866:
742:
659:
562:
462:
346:
333:
activity or violence is high. At some clubs, bouncers are also responsible for "
2084:
1967:"Schleswig, Iowa: The First 75 Years: Hohenzollern, Morgan Township: 1883–1899"
1411:
or watch, guard and patrol agency can supply security guards/bouncers to bars.
1262:
he/she will be liable for a fine, which will be written by a department of the
4308:
4250:
4225:
4125:
4020:
4000:
3935:
3884:
1454:
1380:
1371:
Requirements for bouncers vary from state to state, with some examples being:
1089:
817:
805:
792:
667:
663:
528:
428:
226:
145:
109:
3543:
Up Close, Nothing Personal: Practical Self-Protection for Door Security Staff
2564:
2027:
4235:
4200:
4110:
4095:
3970:
3965:
3920:
3879:
3796:
3776:
3757:
2653:
2046:"1914 – America, and the phonograph industry, on the verge of the Great War"
1512:
1507:
1446:
1438:
1302:
1249:
1085:
965:
608:
550:
454:
405:
322:
315:
295:
287:
206:
198:
115:
4356:
3378:"How do clubs select bouncers? 'It's not just about wearing a black shirt'"
2403:
2386:
1197:
1160:
2053:
1461:
worked as a nightclub bouncer in Buenos Aires while a university student.
4115:
4105:
3980:
3930:
3838:
3771:
3495:
3472:
3190:"Apply for a crowd controller licence | Security (manpower) licence"
1820:
Five Comedies: Miles Gloriosus, Menaechmi, Bacchides, Hecyra and Adelphoe
924:
809:
432:
157:
3082:
2742:(PDF) – Folick, Lorne P.S.; Dolden Wallace Folick, Vancouver, April 2005
1667:"Tense Situations & Security Guards: De-escalation Tips You Can Use"
565:
United States were also sometimes used as the guardians of morality. As
4220:
4005:
3950:
3945:
3869:
1156:
1126:
1119:
722:
416:
210:
2385:
Winlow, Simon; Hobbs, Dick; Lister, Stuart; Hadfield, Phillip (2001).
1064:
they only have to present ID to police and licensing authorities. The
545:
During the 1890s, San Diego had a similarly rough waterfront area and
54:
deal primarily with Europe and the Anglosphere and do not represent a
4296:
4085:
4075:
4070:
4045:
3990:
3843:
1315:
1263:
1258:
1101:
1069:
784:
592:. Hitler surrounded himself with a number of former bouncers such as
410:
386:
299:
242:
222:
939:
sees people who are getting stared at, harassed, or touched without
2816:. 28 February 2007. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012
1559:
779:
635:
and groups of bouncers in the 1990s were described by researchers.
389:
overcoming the seven doormen guarding the gates to the Underworld.
4130:
4100:
4035:
3889:
3833:
3703:– National Door Supervisors Qualification, Highfield January 2010
1450:
1354:
1210:
950:
902:
840:
778:
732:
699:
631:
for example, long-running series of feuds between fan groups like
614:
513:
466:
350:
industry by requiring bouncers to have training, licensing, and a
230:
2347:"Nightclub Bouncers Tell All – Tales from behind the velvet rope"
1483:
jaws which are of little use to the prey-capture techniques this
4120:
3853:
3828:
1817:
Plautus; Terence; Berg, Deena; Douglass Parker (12 March 1999).
647:
436:
330:
3730:
1191:
891:, screwdrivers, and improvised weapons such as broken bottles.
4291:
1344:
38:
3726:
1795:
3599:
Respect and Reputation – On The Doors, in Prison and in Life
600:
originated as a group designated to protect party meetings.
469:, or various figures within Buddhist legend who accompanied
3683:
Nightclub: Bouncers, Risk, and the Spectacle of Consumption
2509:"SECURITY INDUSTRY AMENDMENT (PATRON PROTECTION) BILL 2007"
2474:
Chappell, Duncan; Grabosky, Peter; Strang, Heather (1991).
1901:"The Ladies; God Bless 'Em! – Shady Ladies of the Old West"
977:
1339:
is either employed by a private security company, such as
1021:
The role of a Security Officer within the Private Industry
3529:
Safe on the Door: The Complete Guide for Door Supervisors
3323:"'Een horecaportier mag niet slaan, dat is mishandeling'"
2722:
2710:
2698:
2531:
2935:"Gunfight at bar leaves one wounded, another in custody"
2905:"Betty chats with the new hunk on the block, Vin Diesel"
2161:
The Arts in Nazi Germany: Continuity, Conformity, Change
368:
can be used to de-escalate situations without violence.
3477:
and Other Odontomachine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
3246:"Private Investigators and Security Guards – Licensing"
2996:"Police seek liquor license denials for two local bars"
1965:
Lillian M. (Kuehl) Jackso and Emma L. (Brasse) Struck.
968:, alcohol distribution, crowd control, or fire safety.
619:
The door supervisor from the Ohio-Bar in Berlin in 1948
302:. A bouncer's duties are to provide security, to check
63:
3250:
Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services
1933:
on 29 September 2007 – via wisconsinhistory.net.
787:
club checking customer identification for proof of age
737:
A bouncer at a pub wearing a distinctive striped shirt
570:
first, and then progressed to sterner remonstrations.
3075:"Chandigarh's brawny female bouncers 'man' nightclub"
3175:"Mutual Recognition Scheme - NSW Police Public Site"
1449:). Some, including Bautista, are also actors (e.g.,
282:, employed at licensed or sanctioned venues such as
4259:
4191:
4179:
4144:
4063:
4054:
3903:
3862:
3819:
3764:
3055:""Mate, Don't Call These Bouncers Babe" (Abstract)"
2808:"'Cowardly' bouncers terrorising pub, club patrons"
1220:
no alcohol or drugs in preventive clinical analysis
1185:'Expert examination') with the responsible
252:
190:
180:
172:
167:
151:
139:
131:
126:
3293:Hipp, Dietmar; Kistner, Anna (13 September 2013).
3267:Freeze, Colin; Jones, Lindsay (28 December 2023).
2740:Civil liability of commercial providers of alcohol
2450:
1641:"Security leadership with three "Roadhouse" rules"
1226:have not been convicted for any intentional crimes
960:In many countries, a bouncer must be licensed and
3351:"Do I need a Licence or Certificate of Approval?"
1944:Lender, Mark Edward; Martin, James Kirby (1982),
186:Some jurisdictions require completion of training
176:Communication skills, judgment, even-temperedness
3671:, Outskirt Press Publishing, 10, December 2017,
3311:Art. 1 comma 4 law 6 October 2009, from a) to g)
3097:"Punjab's first female bouncers lose their jobs"
2834:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3471:Carlin, Norman F.; Gladstein, David S. (1989).
2420:"Economy of Fear: Everyday Occurances [
1927:– Sorden, L.G.; Isabel J. Ebert; Madison, 1956"
1139:Private Security and Investigative Services Act
1012:Communication and the de-escalation of conflict
492:
3112:
3110:
2601:
2477:Australian Violence: Contemporary Perspectives
2263:The Japanese Mafia: Yakuza, Law, and the State
2158:Huener, Jonathan; Nicosia, Francis R. (2006).
1853:– Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, via
1039:The importance of reporting and record keeping
3742:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2581:
52:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
3643:, Outskirt Press Publishing, 15 April 2011,
3615:, Turner Paige Publishing, 15 January 1999,
3295:"Nightclubs Accused of Racist Door Policies"
3206:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1695:Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature
623:Bouncers also often come into conflict with
573:In the 1930s, bars in the bawdiest parts of
102:
3657:, Outskirt Press Publishing, 19 July 2011,
3025:
3023:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
923:by aggressive males wanting to prove their
4060:
3749:
3735:
3727:
3629:, Outskirt Press Publishing, 6 July 2008,
3573:, Diverse Publications Ltd, 22 June 2006,
2735:
2733:
2731:
2098:Zalampas, Sherree Owens (1 January 1990).
1989:"Coney Island – Early History (1881–1903)"
1950:, New York: The Free Press, archived from
1550:"Safety and Security for Liquor Licensees"
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
108:
3494:
3413:California Department of Consumer Affairs
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2673:
2671:
2402:
2198:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
90:Learn how and when to remove this message
3408:"New Security Guard Training Regulation"
2892:The Canadian Review of Policing Research
2778:
2776:
2774:
1639:Santarcangelo, Michael (1 August 2011).
1615:"Changes to SIA licence-linked training"
3587:, Mainstream Publishing, 5 March 2006,
2297:. Journalism and Media Studies Centre,
1857:, Volume XI, Second Edition, Page 393,
1609:
1607:
1530:
845:A bouncer giving the "thumbs up" signal
403:The Romans had a position known as the
3199:
2827:
2609:(National Nightclub Security Council).
2341:
2339:
2137:. Osprey Publishing. 1982. p. 5.
1555:Michigan Licensed Beverage Association
1000:Non-fire-related workplace emergencies
704:A bouncer standing outside a pawn shop
502:An 1883 newspaper article stated that
101:
4329:Mr. Boston Official Bartender's Guide
3517:, New Breed Publishing, August 1997.
3222:"Bouncers take course or they're out"
2876:Nightclub security and surveillance 1
2463:from the original on 12 January 2022.
2322:. Taylor & Francis. p. 101.
2260:Hill, Peter B. E. (26 January 2006).
2229:Football Hooligans: Knowing the Score
1006:The principles of conflict management
895:patrons, rather than security staff.
7:
4316:International Bartenders Association
3440:"SB 194 Senate Bill - Bill Analysis"
2367:– via BostonNightclubNews.com.
1806:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1068:includes the SIA amongst many other
3557:Doing the doors: A Life on the Door
3454:"The Village Voice: Runnin' Scared"
3008:from the original on 8 October 2008
2858:"It's hard out there for a bouncer"
2485:Australian Institute of Criminology
2232:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 77.
2010:Macphail, Elizabeth (Spring 1974).
1823:. Hackett Publishing. p. 193.
1766:. College Press. pp. 229–230.
1583:"Guardians of the Night – Bouncers"
1048:Action Counters Terrorism Awareness
1030:Searching people and their property
671:
341:collections. In the United States,
3545:, Apex Publishing, December 2003.
3321:Eikenaar, Hein (8 February 2019).
3188:Queensland, c=AU; o=The State of.
2553:Graduate Journal of Social Science
2449:Barrett, David (11 October 2008).
1581:Figueroa, Fernando (13 May 2011).
1229:at least lower high school diploma
1045:Action Counters Terrorism Security
994:Health and safety in the workplace
25:
3655:The Bouncer's Bible – 2nd Edition
3641:Sun Tzu & The Art of Bouncing
3382:The Electric New Paper, Singapore
3230:. 2 February 2008. Archived from
3117:Hatzitolios, Chloe (9 May 2016).
3031:"Why women want to join the club"
2894:, 2004. Accessed 5 February 2008.
2856:McGinn, Dave (17 February 2007).
2134:German Commanders of World War II
1794:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
4367:
4366:
4355:
4343:
3810:
3720:Stu Armstrong and Ryder Scott –
3531:, Hodder Arnold, February 2006.
2418:Passow, Anne (9 February 2006).
2316:Chu, Yiu-kong (4 January 2002).
2266:. OUP Oxford. pp. 23, 285.
2016:The Journal of San Diego History
1971:private homepage at rootsweb.com
1905:private homepage at rootsweb.com
1732:. Psychology Press. p. 27.
1385:California Department of Justice
1187:Chamber of Commerce and Industry
672:Research section of this article
43:
3687:McGill-Queen's University Press
3559:, Milo Books, 1 February 2004,
2943:, 15 April 2007, archived from
1884:on 13 October 2007 – via
1389:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1223:mental and physical suitability
1009:All you need to know about risk
607:, some bouncers in underground
135:Security guard, door supervisor
4404:Protective service occupations
3601:, Apex Publishing, June 2010,
3376:Tan, Mindy (1 February 2008).
3081:. 28 July 2008. Archived from
2391:British Journal of Criminology
2164:. Berghahn Books. p. 96.
1886:Online Etymological Dictionary
1880:. 26 July 1883. Archived from
1:
3039:. 3 October 2006 – via
2424:] of Extortion in Europe"
2301:. 13 May 2007. Archived from
2104:. Popular Press. p. 40.
1925:Logger's Words of Yesteryears
1855:The Cambridge Ancient History
1359:A bouncer with a bar's hired
997:The principles of fire safety
988:The Private Security Industry
3701:Door Supervisors Course Book
1923:"Snake-room (logging) (from
3722:So you want to be a bouncer
2966:"Baton and Handcuff course"
2295:"The victim, the exception"
2077:"Baltimore's Bawdy "Block""
1518:Security Industry Authority
982:Security Industry Authority
783:A bouncer at the door of a
356:Security Industry Authority
66:, discuss the issue on the
4430:
3473:"The 'Bouncer' Defense of
3125:. The Loop. Archived from
2940:New Hampshire Union Leader
1859:Cambridge University Press
1726:Penglase, Charles (1997).
1698:. Routledge. p. 252.
1418:
1292:Private Security Authority
1018:After the conflict is over
1015:Problem solving strategies
442:Within Buddhist lore, the
29:
4338:
3916:Alcoholic spirits measure
3808:
3667:Ivan Holiday Arsenault –
3653:Ivan Holiday Arsenault –
3639:Ivan Holiday Arsenault –
3625:Ivan Holiday Arsenault –
3611:Ivan Holiday Arsenault –
1760:Hicks, John Mark (2001).
1692:Leick, Gwendolyn (1994).
1027:Access and Egress Control
962:lacking a criminal record
775:Character and personality
107:
3715:The Diaries of a Doorman
3571:Confessions of a Doorman
2890:) – Rigakos, George S.;
2680:"Bouncers to the rescue"
2678:Anandan S (2 May 2005).
2646:"Bouncers & Doormen"
2544:Wells, Helen M. (2004).
2226:Armstrong, Gary (1998).
2192:Herbert, Ulrich (1997).
1479:ants have massive blunt
1427:list of notable bouncers
1320:Swedish Police Authority
1232:follow a training course
1217:at least 18 years of age
1196:. This is prescribed in
876:statistical significance
535:some aches and pains ."
32:Bouncer (disambiguation)
4272:Craft cocktail movement
3585:Bouncers and Bodyguards
2624:nightlifeuniversity.com
2299:University of Hong Kong
1851:De Fuga in Persecutione
1254:Beveiliging en bewaking
947:Regulation and training
4277:Drinking establishment
3475:Odontomachus ruginodis
2888:Policing the nightclub
2626:. Nightlife University
2607:Bouncer Training Guide
2319:The Triads as Business
2075:Hull, Stephen (1952).
1872:"Unknown article name"
1671:Off Duty Officers, Inc
1520:(UK regulatory agency)
1368:
1175:
1066:2010 UK quango reforms
957:
908:
846:
788:
738:
719:Journal of Drug Issues
715:
705:
691:Research and sociology
620:
519:
500:
310:, to refuse entry for
27:Type of security guard
3627:The Cooler's Grimiore
2796:on 28 September 2007.
1899:Jeffords, Christine.
1803:Catholic Encyclopedia
1358:
1166:However, bouncers at
954:
906:
844:
782:
736:
711:
703:
662:studies into violent
618:
517:
4373:Category: Bartending
3863:Non-alcoholic mixers
2947:on 26 September 2007
2620:"Nightclub Security"
2404:10.1093/bjc/41.3.536
2305:on 25 November 2008.
2087:on 7 September 2006.
1763:1 & 2 Chronicles
1409:Private Investigator
1074:coalition government
991:Relevant Legislation
72:create a new article
64:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
3821:Alcoholic beverages
3717:Vol 1, Vol 2, Vol 3
3613:The Bouncer's Bible
3460:on 17 October 2007.
2976:on 13 December 2007
2886:(book excerpt from
2713:, pp. 541–542.
2359:on 10 February 2008
1977:on 17 October 2007.
1911:on 17 October 2007.
1435:Road Warrior Animal
1288:Republic of Ireland
1282:Republic of Ireland
741:At least one major
575:Baltimore, Maryland
104:
4321:official cocktails
4185:List of bartenders
3496:10.1155/1989/96595
3388:on 3 February 2008
3273:The Globe and Mail
3103:. 16 October 2008.
3060:The New York Times
2915:on 25 January 2008
2723:Winlow et al. 2001
2711:Winlow et al. 2001
2699:Winlow et al. 2001
2532:Winlow et al. 2001
2352:The Boston Phoenix
1457:and Marcus Hauz).
1369:
1042:First Aid training
1033:Monitoring Systems
958:
909:
847:
791:Although a common
789:
739:
706:
685:protection rackets
625:football hooligans
621:
547:red-light district
520:
182:Education required
4381:
4380:
4362:liquor portal
4267:Bartending school
4241:Six o'clock swill
4175:
4174:
4157:Cocktail umbrella
4091:Maraschino cherry
3996:Margarita machine
3961:Cocktail strainer
3787:Cocktail waitress
3709:978-1-906404-84-0
3695:978-0-7735-3362-2
3681:George Rigakos –
3677:978-1-4787-9282-6
3669:Road House Legacy
3663:978-1-4327-7089-1
3649:978-1-4327-7093-8
3607:978-1-906358-81-5
3593:978-1-84596-458-0
3155:. 31 October 2016
2909:beatboxbettty.com
2881:15 April 2013 at
2759:on 25 August 2023
1877:London Daily News
1645:www.csoonline.com
1184:
885:bulletproof vests
880:expandable batons
274:(also known as a
268:
267:
100:
99:
92:
74:, as appropriate.
18:Bouncer (doorman)
16:(Redirected from
4421:
4409:Crime prevention
4370:
4369:
4360:
4359:
4350:Drink portal
4348:
4347:
4346:
4216:Flair bartending
4061:
3941:Beverage coaster
3814:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3713:Stu Armstrong –
3597:Robin Barratt –
3583:Robin Barratt –
3569:Robin Barratt –
3555:Robin Barratt –
3513:Jamie O'Keefe –
3501:
3500:
3498:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3456:. Archived from
3450:
3444:
3443:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3420:on 12 March 2008
3416:. Archived from
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3384:. Archived from
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3353:. Archived from
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3328:Brabants Dagblad
3318:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3252:. Archived from
3242:
3236:
3235:
3234:on 18 July 2010.
3227:Edmonton Journal
3218:
3212:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3085:on 17 July 2010.
3071:
3065:
3064:
3063:. 18 April 2001.
3051:
3045:
3044:
3041:findarticles.com
3027:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2972:. Archived from
2962:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2911:. Archived from
2901:
2895:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2853:
2840:
2839:
2833:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2789:. Archived from
2788:
2780:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2755:. Archived from
2749:
2743:
2737:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2702:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2652:. Archived from
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2610:
2603:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2550:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2521:on 4 March 2016.
2520:
2514:. Archived from
2513:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2482:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2382:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2355:. Archived from
2343:
2334:
2333:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2083:. Archived from
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2052:. Archived from
2042:
2036:
2035:
2030:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
2000:
1999:on 29 June 2012.
1995:. Archived from
1985:
1979:
1978:
1973:. Archived from
1962:
1956:
1955:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1929:. Archived from
1919:
1913:
1912:
1907:. Archived from
1896:
1890:
1889:
1868:
1862:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1673:. 12 August 2020
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1558:. Archived from
1546:
1421:List of bouncers
1415:Notable examples
1324:citizen's arrest
1195:
1179:
1176:SachkundeprĂĽfung
1113:British Columbia
899:Other approaches
806:criminal charges
723:Toronto, Ontario
567:ballroom dancing
561:Bouncers in pre-
505:
459:Mahasthamaprapta
352:criminal records
153:Activity sectors
112:
105:
95:
88:
84:
81:
75:
47:
46:
39:
21:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4394:Security guards
4384:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4354:
4344:
4342:
4334:
4255:
4187:
4171:
4140:
4050:
3956:Cocktail shaker
3899:
3858:
3815:
3806:
3760:
3755:
3541:Lee Morrison –
3527:Lee Morrison –
3510:
3508:Further reading
3505:
3504:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3391:
3389:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3277:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3256:on 8 July 2008.
3244:
3243:
3239:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3198:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3129:on 6 March 2019
3116:
3115:
3108:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3036:The Independent
3029:
3028:
3021:
3011:
3009:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2948:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2873:
2869:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2826:
2819:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2738:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2677:
2676:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2650:crimedoctor.com
2644:
2643:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2605:Vineyard, Lee.
2604:
2579:
2569:
2567:
2548:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2345:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2034:on 4 June 2011.
2009:
2008:
2004:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1954:on 10 July 2009
1943:
1942:
1938:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1592:
1590:
1587:www.usadojo.com
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1548:
1547:
1532:
1527:
1498:Security police
1494:
1467:
1443:Giant Haystacks
1423:
1417:
1397:
1377:
1353:
1312:
1300:
1284:
1272:
1242:
1240:The Netherlands
1207:
1189:
1153:
1098:
1082:
974:
949:
901:
863:civil liability
839:
777:
768:
731:
698:
696:Outside studies
693:
680:
670:discourse (see
594:Christian Weber
583:Weimar Republic
559:
512:
503:
479:
383:
374:
365:
343:civil liability
278:) is a type of
276:door supervisor
255:
215:sporting events
195:
193:
183:
154:
142:
141:Occupation type
122:
96:
85:
79:
76:
61:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4427:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4364:
4352:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4162:Drinking straw
4159:
4154:
4152:Cocktail stick
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4081:Cocktail onion
4078:
4073:
4067:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4041:Wine dispenser
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Muddling spoon
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3825:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Beer sommelier
3779:
3774:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3718:
3711:
3699:Jason Dyson –
3697:
3679:
3665:
3651:
3637:
3623:
3609:
3595:
3581:
3567:
3553:
3539:
3525:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3463:
3445:
3431:
3399:
3368:
3357:on 11 May 2012
3342:
3313:
3304:
3285:
3259:
3237:
3213:
3194:www.qld.gov.au
3180:
3166:
3153:WhatDoTheyKnow
3140:
3123:www.theloop.ca
3106:
3088:
3079:Nerve of India
3066:
3046:
3019:
2987:
2957:
2926:
2896:
2867:
2862:Globe and Mail
2841:
2813:The Australian
2799:
2770:
2744:
2727:
2725:, p. 543.
2715:
2703:
2701:, p. 541.
2691:
2685:Times of India
2667:
2656:on 7 June 2007
2637:
2611:
2577:
2536:
2534:, p. 537.
2524:
2500:
2493:
2466:
2441:
2410:
2397:(3): 536–548.
2370:
2335:
2328:
2308:
2286:
2272:
2252:
2238:
2218:
2204:
2184:
2170:
2150:
2143:
2124:
2110:
2090:
2067:
2056:on 7 July 2008
2050:intertique.com
2037:
2002:
1980:
1957:
1936:
1914:
1891:
1863:
1843:
1829:
1809:
1797:"Porter"
1786:
1772:
1752:
1738:
1718:
1704:
1684:
1658:
1631:
1603:
1573:
1562:on 11 May 2008
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Security guard
1500:
1493:
1490:
1466:
1463:
1419:Main article:
1416:
1413:
1401:New York State
1396:
1393:
1376:
1373:
1352:
1349:
1311:
1308:
1299:
1296:
1283:
1280:
1271:
1268:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1203:
1152:
1149:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1078:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
973:
972:United Kingdom
970:
948:
945:
941:sexual consent
917:liquor licence
900:
897:
889:brass knuckles
838:
835:
776:
773:
767:
764:
730:
729:Inside studies
727:
697:
694:
692:
689:
679:
676:
656:lightning rods
629:United Kingdom
558:
555:
511:
508:
478:
475:
471:Gautama Buddha
448:wrathful deity
419:, in his play
382:
379:
373:
370:
364:
361:
280:security guard
266:
265:
263:security guard
256:
253:
250:
249:
239:movie theaters
235:billiard halls
196:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
114:Bouncers at a
113:
98:
97:
58:of the subject
56:worldwide view
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4426:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4374:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4231:Ladies' night
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4167:Swizzle stick
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4031:Swizzle stick
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4016:Nutmeg grater
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Nightclub act
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3635:1-4327-2641-2
3632:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:1-929036-00-0
3618:
3614:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:0-9548143-2-0
3576:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:1-903854-19-9
3562:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:1-904432-25-5
3548:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:0-340-90575-1
3534:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:0-9517567-6-1
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3492:
3489:(1–2): 1–19.
3488:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3476:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3400:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3372:
3369:
3356:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2883:archive.today
2880:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2517:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2457:The Telegraph
2453:
2445:
2442:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2411:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2329:9780203030004
2325:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2275:
2273:9780199291618
2269:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2239:9781859739570
2235:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2219:
2207:
2205:9780521470001
2201:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2173:
2171:9781845452094
2167:
2163:
2162:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2144:9780850454338
2140:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2113:
2111:9780879724887
2107:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1832:
1830:9780872203624
1826:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1787:
1775:
1773:9780899008837
1769:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1741:
1739:9780415157063
1735:
1731:
1730:
1722:
1719:
1707:
1705:9780415065344
1701:
1697:
1696:
1688:
1685:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:Orectognathus
1472:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Dave Bautista
1428:
1422:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1351:United States
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1327:possible. An
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
985:
983:
979:
971:
969:
967:
963:
953:
946:
944:
942:
936:
934:
928:
926:
920:
918:
913:
905:
898:
896:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
871:
868:
864:
859:
855:
853:
843:
836:
834:
832:
826:
824:
819:
814:
811:
807:
801:
797:
794:
786:
781:
774:
772:
765:
763:
759:
756:
755:word of mouth
751:
747:
744:
735:
728:
726:
724:
720:
714:
710:
702:
695:
690:
688:
686:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
651:
649:
644:
642:
636:
634:
630:
626:
617:
613:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
590:
584:
579:
576:
571:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
548:
543:
541:
536:
532:
530:
524:
516:
509:
507:
499:
497:
491:
489:
486:, called The
485:
484:Horatio Alger
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
424:
423:
418:
414:
412:
408:
407:
401:
399:
398:Old Testament
395:
390:
388:
380:
378:
371:
369:
362:
360:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:cabaret clubs
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
264:
260:
257:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
203:cabaret clubs
200:
197:
189:
185:
179:
175:
171:
166:
163:
162:entertainment
159:
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
134:
130:
125:
121:
120:New York City
117:
111:
106:
94:
91:
83:
73:
69:
65:
59:
57:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4414:Surveillance
4327:
4001:Melon baller
3976:Glass rimmer
3895:Tomato juice
3801:
3721:
3714:
3700:
3682:
3668:
3654:
3640:
3626:
3612:
3598:
3584:
3570:
3556:
3542:
3528:
3514:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3466:
3458:the original
3448:
3434:
3422:. Retrieved
3418:the original
3411:
3402:
3390:. Retrieved
3386:the original
3381:
3371:
3359:. Retrieved
3355:the original
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3326:
3316:
3307:
3298:
3288:
3276:. Retrieved
3272:
3262:
3254:the original
3249:
3240:
3232:the original
3225:
3216:
3193:
3183:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3152:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3127:the original
3122:
3100:
3091:
3083:the original
3078:
3069:
3058:
3049:
3034:
3010:. Retrieved
2999:
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2974:the original
2970:secta.com.au
2969:
2960:
2949:, retrieved
2945:the original
2938:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2913:the original
2908:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2818:. Retrieved
2811:
2802:
2791:the original
2761:. Retrieved
2757:the original
2747:
2739:
2718:
2706:
2694:
2683:
2658:. Retrieved
2654:the original
2649:
2640:
2628:. Retrieved
2623:
2614:
2606:
2568:. Retrieved
2556:
2552:
2539:
2527:
2516:the original
2503:
2476:
2469:
2456:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2427:
2421:
2413:
2394:
2390:
2361:. Retrieved
2357:the original
2350:
2318:
2311:
2303:the original
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2262:
2255:
2243:. Retrieved
2228:
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2194:
2187:
2175:. Retrieved
2160:
2153:
2133:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2100:
2093:
2085:the original
2080:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2054:the original
2049:
2040:
2032:the original
2019:
2015:
2005:
1997:the original
1993:westland.net
1992:
1983:
1975:the original
1970:
1960:
1952:the original
1946:
1939:
1931:the original
1924:
1917:
1909:the original
1904:
1894:
1882:the original
1875:
1866:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1819:
1812:
1801:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1762:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1728:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1694:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1670:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1644:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1598:
1591:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1553:
1473:
1468:
1459:Pope Francis
1424:
1405:
1398:
1378:
1370:
1365:East Village
1341:Securitas AB
1337:Ordningsvakt
1336:
1334:
1329:Ordningsvakt
1328:
1313:
1301:
1285:
1273:
1243:
1235:
1208:
1168:discotheques
1165:
1154:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1131:intoxication
1124:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1083:
1062:
1057:
1055:
975:
959:
937:
929:
921:
912:Use of force
910:
893:
872:
860:
856:
852:self defense
848:
837:Use of force
831:face control
827:
823:hero worship
815:
802:
798:
790:
769:
760:
752:
748:
743:ethnographic
740:
718:
716:
712:
707:
681:
678:21st century
660:ethnographic
652:
645:
637:
622:
605:Nazi Germany
602:
587:
580:
572:
560:
557:20th century
549:called the '
544:
540:Coney Island
537:
533:
525:
521:
510:19th century
501:
495:
493:
488:Young Outlaw
487:
480:
451:bodhisattvas
441:
427:
420:
415:
404:
402:
394:1 Chronicles
391:
384:
375:
366:
339:cover charge
335:face control
320:
308:drinking age
275:
271:
269:
254:Related jobs
173:Competencies
86:
77:
53:
36:
4304:Homebrewing
4246:Straight up
4206:Bottle keep
4193:Terminology
4026:Soda siphon
3926:Beer engine
3911:Absinthiana
3890:Sugar syrup
3875:Fruit juice
3849:Mixed drink
3765:Occupations
3335:15 November
3299:Der Spiegel
2570:19 November
2559:(1): 1–19.
1361:stiltwalker
1276:New Zealand
1270:New Zealand
1246:Netherlands
1190: [
1145:Nova Scotia
867:court costs
664:subcultures
563:World War I
496:Bounce him!
463:Vajrasattva
363:Terminology
347:court costs
312:intoxicated
296:strip clubs
227:restaurants
168:Description
4399:Nightclubs
4388:Categories
4309:Craft beer
4251:Well drink
4226:Happy hour
4126:Strawberry
3936:Beer tower
3885:Soft drink
3758:Bartending
3392:7 November
3331:(in Dutch)
3159:10 October
3012:29 October
2980:2 February
2919:2 February
2494:0642157634
2428:www.dw.com
2363:2 February
2060:5 February
1589:. USA Dojo
1566:1 February
1525:References
1477:versicolor
1455:Vin Diesel
1381:California
1375:California
1250:concierges
1161:§ 127 StPO
1090:Queensland
1060:be taken.
1024:Patrolling
818:self image
793:stereotype
633:The Blades
609:jazz clubs
529:free lunch
429:Tertullian
396:26 of the
288:nightclubs
207:stripclubs
199:Nightclubs
194:employment
146:Employment
127:Occupation
4236:Last call
4221:Gay night
4201:Body shot
4111:Pineapple
4056:Garnishes
3971:Drinkware
3966:Corkscrew
3921:Bar spoon
3904:Equipment
3880:Grenadine
3797:Sommelier
3777:Bartender
3689:May 2008
3101:DNA India
3001:The World
2830:cite news
2820:7 January
2763:25 August
2565:1572-3763
2028:0022-4383
1677:11 August
1624:24 August
1513:Bodyguard
1508:Spy agent
1447:Rick Rude
1439:Rob Terry
1303:Singapore
1298:Singapore
1086:Australia
1080:Australia
966:first aid
785:Norwegian
603:In early
551:Stingaree
455:Vajrapani
422:Bacchides
406:ostiarius
323:civilians
321:They are
316:statutory
304:legal age
192:Fields of
116:nightclub
80:June 2022
68:talk page
4145:Inedible
4116:Rosemary
3981:Ice cube
3931:Beer tap
3839:Cocktail
3424:26 March
3202:cite web
3006:Archived
2879:Archived
2461:Archived
1492:See also
1485:trap jaw
1481:mandible
1471:Dacetine
1395:New York
1387:and the
1198:§ 34 (a)
925:machismo
810:lawsuits
453:such as
433:Carthage
211:concerts
158:Security
62:You may
4260:Related
4211:Dryness
4086:Flowers
4006:Muddler
3951:Chinois
3946:Blender
3870:Bitters
3802:Bouncer
3772:Barback
3278:6 April
3133:2 March
2630:3 March
2434:3 March
1651:3 March
1593:3 March
1363:in the
1286:In the
1244:In the
1183:
1157:Germany
1151:Germany
1127:Ontario
1120:Alberta
1070:quangos
1036:The Law
976:In the
668:liberal
589:Cabaret
581:In the
417:Plautus
413:title.
381:Ancient
372:History
327:alcohol
300:casinos
272:bouncer
259:Doorman
243:schools
223:casinos
103:Bouncer
4371:
4297:tavern
4180:People
4106:Pickle
4076:Citrus
4071:Celery
4064:Edible
4046:Zester
3991:Juicer
3986:Jigger
3844:Liquor
3707:
3693:
3675:
3661:
3647:
3633:
3619:
3605:
3591:
3577:
3563:
3549:
3535:
3521:
3482:Psyche
3361:11 May
2951:12 May
2753:"NTIA"
2563:
2491:
2326:
2270:
2236:
2202:
2168:
2141:
2108:
2026:
1861:, 1970
1827:
1770:
1736:
1702:
1619:GOV.UK
1316:Sweden
1310:Sweden
1264:Police
1259:Police
1172:German
1102:Canada
1096:Canada
933:Punjab
596:; the
477:Modern
411:clergy
387:Nergal
231:hotels
4282:index
4136:Twist
4131:Sugar
4101:Olive
4036:Whisk
3834:Cider
2794:(PDF)
2787:(PDF)
2660:2 May
2549:(PDF)
2519:(PDF)
2512:(PDF)
2481:(PDF)
2279:8 May
2245:8 May
2211:8 May
2177:8 May
2117:8 May
2022:(2).
1836:8 May
1779:8 May
1745:8 May
1711:8 May
1647:. CSO
1451:Mr. T
1211:Italy
1205:Italy
1194:]
1052:more…
956:team.
861:With
766:Roles
648:pimps
641:triad
467:Acala
437:pimps
247:balls
132:Names
70:, or
4121:Salt
4096:Mint
3854:Wine
3829:Beer
3705:ISBN
3691:ISBN
3673:ISBN
3659:ISBN
3645:ISBN
3631:ISBN
3617:ISBN
3603:ISBN
3589:ISBN
3575:ISBN
3561:ISBN
3547:ISBN
3533:ISBN
3519:ISBN
3426:2008
3394:2023
3363:2012
3337:2023
3280:2024
3208:link
3161:2019
3135:2019
3014:2008
2982:2008
2953:2007
2921:2008
2836:link
2822:2019
2765:2023
2662:2008
2632:2019
2572:2020
2561:ISSN
2489:ISBN
2436:2019
2430:. DW
2365:2008
2324:ISBN
2281:2014
2268:ISBN
2247:2014
2234:ISBN
2213:2014
2200:ISBN
2179:2014
2166:ISBN
2139:ISBN
2119:2014
2106:ISBN
2081:Stag
2062:2008
2024:ISSN
1838:2014
1825:ISBN
1781:2014
1768:ISBN
1747:2014
1734:ISBN
1713:2014
1700:ISBN
1679:2021
1653:2019
1626:2023
1595:2019
1568:2008
1465:Ants
1445:and
1425:The
1181:lit.
1072:the
1058:must
865:and
345:and
331:gang
306:and
298:and
284:bars
219:bars
4292:pub
4287:bar
4021:Peg
3491:doi
2422:sic
2399:doi
1399:In
1379:In
1345:G4S
1343:or
1335:An
1314:In
1274:In
1209:In
1155:In
1125:In
1118:In
1111:In
1100:In
1084:In
808:or
674:).
444:Nio
392:In
118:in
4390::
3685:,
3487:96
3485:.
3479:.
3410:.
3380:.
3325:.
3297:.
3271:.
3248:.
3224:.
3204:}}
3200:{{
3192:.
3151:.
3121:.
3109:^
3099:.
3077:.
3057:.
3033:.
3022:^
3004:.
2998:.
2968:.
2937:,
2907:.
2860:.
2844:^
2832:}}
2828:{{
2810:.
2773:^
2730:^
2682:.
2670:^
2648:.
2622:.
2580:^
2555:.
2551:.
2487:.
2483:.
2459:.
2455:.
2426:.
2395:41
2393:.
2389:.
2373:^
2349:.
2338:^
2079:.
2048:.
2020:20
2018:.
2014:.
1991:.
1969:.
1903:.
1874:.
1800:.
1669:.
1643:.
1617:.
1606:^
1597:.
1585:.
1552:.
1533:^
1453:,
1441:,
1437:,
1433:,
1192:de
1178:,
1174::
978:UK
919:.
598:SS
465:,
461:,
457:,
439:.
294:,
290:,
286:,
270:A
261:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
233:,
229:,
225:,
221:,
217:,
213:,
209:,
205:,
201:,
160:,
3750:e
3743:t
3736:v
3499:.
3493::
3442:.
3428:.
3396:.
3365:.
3339:.
3301:.
3282:.
3210:)
3196:.
3177:.
3163:.
3137:.
3043:.
3016:.
2984:.
2923:.
2864:.
2838:)
2824:.
2767:.
2688:.
2664:.
2634:.
2574:.
2557:1
2497:.
2438:.
2407:.
2401::
2332:.
2283:.
2249:.
2215:.
2181:.
2147:.
2121:.
2064:.
1888:.
1840:.
1783:.
1749:.
1715:.
1681:.
1655:.
1628:.
1570:.
1367:.
829:(
504:"
93:)
87:(
82:)
78:(
60:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
