418:
55:
1523:
1509:
33:
1537:
315:
that may appear like a small cord. Some species develop a subgleba—a sterile base that is typically not well developed. The fruit bodies of mature specimens can develop surface alterations such as scales, plates, areolae, or verrucae. At the microscopic level, these features are made of
349:(a network of thread-like cells in which the spores are embedded) is not connected directly to the interior wall of the peridium. Instead, it is made of separate, irregularly branched units that end in tapered points. This type of capillitium, also present in the puffball genera
631:
produces some symptoms of suffocation, and might be useful in remedying asphyxiation resulting from inhalation of charcoal fumes. Even more ailments have been suggested to be improved with use of
Bovista, such as "awkwardness in speech and action",
516:-type or intermediate capillitium. Further divisions into sections and series is based on the capillitium type, the absence or presence of pores in the capillitia, and the presence or absence of a subgleba (a sterile base).
442:
in 1794. He described the genus as "Cortice exteriore libero evanefcente, pileo acauli demum glaberrimo, vertice irregulariter rupto" ("Exterior cortex vanishes, cap stemless becoming smooth, irregularly breaking the top").
334:
in diameter. A short or long pedicel (stalk) may be present. At maturity, the entire fruit body may become detached from the ground, and the spores spread as the puffball is blown around like a
295:
Fruit bodies are oval to spherical to pear-shaped, and typically 1 to 8 cm (0.4 to 3.1 in) in diameter with a white or light-colored thin and fragile exoperidium (outer layer of the
607:(1870) "Bovista is said to be indicated, and to have proved curative in head affections characterised by a sensation as if the head were enormously increased in size". In
2998:
2875:
1682:
2019:
Larsson E, Jeppson M (2008). "Phylogenetic relationships among species and genera of
Lycoperdaceae based on ITS and LSU sequence data from north European taxa".
2914:
381:"-type (a capillitium comprising long, threads with occasional dichotomous or irregular branches), and the "intermediate" type (a transitional form between the
389:
type, featuring threads that may be pored, with several thick main stems connected by multiple branches). All three types of capillitia structure are found in
2761:
2687:
2849:
2247:
2216:
2183:
464:
566:. This is done by cutting fruit bodies longitudinally to ensure that they are white throughout, and do not have internal structures within.
409:. The flexibility of the capillitium gives the gleba a cottony texture that persists even after the exoperidium has been sloughed off.
2133:
2063:
1839:
1705:
417:
2950:
579:
is a related but separate genus that was created to describe species with the external features of a puffball, but with the
2901:
452:
189:
178:
2748:
2988:
1856:
1555:
1522:
439:
2919:
560:
when young and white inside, but caution must be taken to prevent confusion with immature, and potentially deadly
1560:
156:
133:
54:
1765:
1508:
1350:
1329:
603:
Reference to the genus has appeared in several 19th-century textbooks on homeopathy. Richard Hughes wrote in
2173:
2150:
1097:
781:
260:
2206:
1476:
1392:
1294:
1163:
1083:
1048:
999:
2701:
1462:
1455:
1336:
1279:
1220:
1104:
1090:
943:
908:
865:
739:
732:
1441:
1413:
1272:
1227:
1191:
1177:
809:
788:
760:
746:
2983:
2623:
1892:
1265:
1242:
1170:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1118:
1111:
1013:
1006:
872:
851:
753:
2369:
Terashima Y, Fukiharu T, Fujiie A (2004). "Morphology and comparative ecology of the fairy ring fungi,
1832:
Gasteromycetes: Morphological and
Developmental Features, with Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera
1536:
1483:
1420:
1385:
1315:
1198:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1034:
992:
767:
700:
1427:
1308:
1041:
950:
936:
879:
858:
844:
823:
816:
725:
686:
307:. This exoperidium sloughs off at maturity to expose a smooth endoperidium with a single apical pore (
2978:
2955:
2929:
2797:
2505:
1608:
1497:
1490:
1448:
1364:
1357:
1286:
1076:
929:
922:
830:
795:
2841:
2080:
1979:
1322:
1125:
1027:
1020:
971:
915:
774:
1205:
1184:
985:
978:
886:
802:
707:
480:
2993:
2521:
2394:
2106:
2001:
1804:
1676:
1212:
714:
256:
165:
49:
2937:
2880:
2784:
2243:
2212:
2179:
2129:
2059:
2036:
1835:
1812:
1701:
1434:
645:
616:
444:
2942:
2657:
2579:
2513:
2473:
Kreisel H, Hausknecht A (2002). "The gasteral
Basidiomycetes of Mascarenes and Seychelles".
2453:
2386:
2349:
2308:
2098:
2028:
1993:
1958:
1794:
1786:
1741:
1234:
959:
837:
472:
1905:
1257:
557:
485:
423:
150:
41:
1401:
2828:
2509:
2836:
1980:"The Lycoperdales. A molecular approach to the systematics of some gasteroid mushrooms"
677:
324:
is the only species in the genus with mycosclereids (setoid elements) in the peridium.
96:
32:
2584:
2563:
2313:
2292:
2972:
2766:
2739:
1920:
428:
366:
312:
116:
86:
2525:
2398:
1583:
1249:
649:
525:
517:
490:
330:
are brown to purple-brown, roughly spherical or ellipsoid in shape, and 3.5–7
252:
142:
2789:
2753:
1698:
Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and
Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook
2677:
2032:
2906:
2862:
2733:
641:
620:
346:
299:). Depending on the species, the exoperidium in a young specimen may be smooth,
284:
268:
2683:
Trial field key to the LYCOPERDACEAE & GEASTRACEAE in the
Pacific Northwest
2263:
2682:
2517:
2390:
1879:
Kreisel H. (1967). "Taxonomisch-Pflanzengeographische monographie der
Gattung
1373:
899:
895:
719:
637:
633:
399:
357:
351:
335:
331:
304:
279:
species have a collectively widespread distribution, and are found largely in
272:
106:
2724:
2661:
2823:
2810:
2089:
1984:
1963:
1946:
1777:
963:
657:
624:
575:
544:, that roughly correspond to the subgeneric divisions suggested by Kreisel.
370:
300:
280:
66:
2040:
1816:
2354:
2329:
397:"-type capillitia are elastic, a feature shared with the gasteroid genera
2888:
2776:
2718:
497:
405:
296:
248:
211:
2854:
2110:
2005:
1808:
1799:
1648:
Quélet L. (1873). "Les champignons du Jura et des Vosges. IIe Partie".
1377:
1134:
584:
562:
308:
1921:"Arizona gasteroid fungi I: Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)"
2867:
1724:
Bautista-Hernández S, Herrera T, Aguirre-Acosta E, Esqueda M (2011).
283:
regions of the world. Various species have historically been used in
222:
200:
76:
2893:
2695:
2458:
2441:
2126:
North
American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
2102:
1997:
1790:
2815:
1746:
1725:
2417:
Suarez VL, Wright JE (1994). "Three new South
American species of
2242:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 101.
1405:
580:
533:
416:
327:
317:
244:
240:
653:
2699:
1603:
1601:
320:, sphaerocysts (rounded cells), claviform (club-shaped) cells.
2802:
2624:"The gasteral Basidiomycetes of Mascarenes and Seychelles 2"
2496:
sp. nov. (gasteroid fungi; Basidiomycetes) from
Pakistan".
2442:"New data on puffballs from the Northeast Region of Brazil"
2208:
Highlights of Homoeopathic Materia ... - Google Book Search
251:. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order
2689:
The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada
311:). The fruit bodies may be attached to the ground by fine
2562:
Devilliers JJR, Eicker A, Van der Westhuizen GCA (1989).
2291:
Devilliers JJR, Eicker A, Van der Westhuizen GCA (1989).
1719:
1717:
1637:(in German). Vol. 5–18. Nürnberg: Sturm. p. 33.
2175:
Lectures on Clinical Materia Medica - Google Book Search
1947:"Vorläufige Übersicht der Gattung Bovista Dill. ex Pers"
1834:. Eureka, California: Mad River Press. pp. 31, 34.
591:
is another similar genus, it may be distinguished from
2440:
Trierveiler-Pereira IG, Kreisel H, Baseia IG (2010).
2377:, on turf of bentgrass, bluegrass, and Zoysiagrass".
1861:. Michigan: University of Michigan Press. p. 75.
1635:
Deutschlands Flora, Abt. III. Die Pilze Deutschlands
2708:
2238:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
2648:Kreisel H. (1976). "Gasteromyzeten aus Nepal II".
2286:
2284:
2152:A Manual of Pharmacodynamics - Google Book Search
1978:KrĂĽger D, Binder M, Fischer M, Kreisel H (2001).
1650:Mémoires de la Société d'Émulation de Montbéliard
438:The genus was originally described by mycologist
680:lists 92 species that it considers to be valid.
2605:Memoranda Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1586:[Methodical arrangement of the fungi].
627:irregularity, or trauma. He also mentions that
2412:
2410:
2408:
1759:
1757:
1577:
1575:
433:Coloured figures of English fungi or mushrooms
1919:Bates ST, Robertson RW, Desjardin DE (2009).
496:Kreisel, in his 1967 monograph, proposed two
255:, which, following a restructuring of fungal
8:
2568:and an amplified description of the species"
672:(10th edition, 2008) estimates there are 55
1883:". Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia (in German).
500:based on the type of capillitium. Subgenus
2696:
1681:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
20:
2631:Ă–sterreichische Zeitschrift fĂĽr Pilzkunde
2583:
2475:Ă–sterreichische Zeitschrift fĂĽr Pilzkunde
2457:
2353:
2312:
2056:A Field Guide to Mushrooms, North America
1962:
1798:
1745:
1700:. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 220.
2999:Taxa named by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
2492:Yousaf N, Kreisel H, Khalid AN (2013). "
1764:Calonge FD, Kreisel H, Guzmán G (2004).
2128:. Guilford, Connecticut: Falcon Guide.
1571:
1504:
2149:Hughes, Richard Arthur Warren (1868).
1901:
1890:
1887:. Lehre, Germany: J. Cramer: 224.
1858:Puffballs and their Allies in Michigan
1674:
1615:. Species Fungorum. CAB International
611:(1887), E. A. Farrington claims that
7:
2930:7ecdb48d-a6ec-4eec-b4bc-f08a80be7136
2081:"Studies in the Gasteromycetes: II.
623:, and suggests uses associated with
2297:(Gasteromycetes) from South Africa"
2270:. Index Fungorum. CAB International
609:Lectures on Clinical Materia Medica
377:in 1967. Kreisel also defined the "
14:
2054:McKnight VB, McKnight KH (1987).
1726:"Contribution to the taxonomy of
263:, has been split; the species of
2622:Kreisel H, Hausknecht A (2006).
2330:"Lycoperdaceae-Gasteromycetes –
2172:Farrington, E. A. (1999-10-20).
1669:Novitates mycologicae novissimae
1535:
1521:
1507:
1261:– Paltry Puffball, grey puffball
53:
2572:South African Journal of Botany
2328:Coetzee JC, Van Wyk AE (2005).
2301:South African Journal of Botany
1584:"Dispositio methodica fungorum"
1216:– Brown puffball, black bovist
1:
2585:10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31199-1
2314:10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31200-5
2124:Miller HR, Miller OK (2006).
2079:Long WH, Stouffer DJ (1941).
1830:Miller HR, Miller OK (1988).
1588:Neues Magazin fĂĽr die Botanik
267:are now placed in the family
2058:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
2033:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.10.018
1770:, a new species from Mexico"
605:A Manual of Pharmacodynamics
524:, as defined by Kreisel, is
2564:"Notes on the structure of
1696:Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990).
595:by its ample sterile base.
247:commonly known as the true
3015:
2599:Haeggstrom C.-A. (1997). "
2543:Rostr. found in Iceland".
2205:Jain, J. P. (1997-01-01).
1556:List of Agaricaceae genera
440:Christiaan Hendrik Persoon
2539:Hallgrimsson H. (1988). "
2518:10.1007/s11557-012-0864-4
2391:10.1007/s10267-004-0183-y
1561:List of Agaricales genera
171:
164:
148:
141:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
30:
23:
2662:10.1002/fedr.19760870106
1633:Rostkovius FWT. (1839).
1133:Originally collected in
694:reported in South Africa
520:analysis has shown that
2334:, the correct name for
2240:Dictionary of the Fungi
1964:10.1002/fedr.4880690306
1934:: 153–207 (see p. 159).
1351:Bovista sempervirentium
1330:Bovista schwarzmanniana
670:Dictionary of the Fungi
552:Puffballs of the genus
361:, has been called the "
2211:. B. Jain Publishers.
2178:. B. Jain Publishers.
1900:Cite journal requires
1667:VelenovskĂ˝ J. (1947).
1098:Bovista kurgaldzhinica
782:Bovista betpakdalinica
532:may be split into two
512:is represented by the
435:
2601:Bovista pusilloformis
2355:10.4102/abc.v35i1.374
1671:. Prague. p. 93.
1582:Persoon C.H. (1794).
1477:Bovista vassjaginiana
1393:Bovista sublaevispora
1295:Bovista pusilloformis
1164:Bovista lycoperdoides
1084:Bovista kazachstanica
1049:Bovista heterocapilla
1000:Bovista glaucocinerea
508:type, while subgenus
420:
2566:Bovista oblongispora
2545:Natturufraedingurinn
2498:Mycological Progress
2021:Mycological Research
1768:Bovista sclerocystis
1463:Bovista vascelloides
1456:Bovista uruguayensis
1344:reported from Mexico
1337:Bovista sclerocystis
1280:Bovista pulyuggeodes
1221:Bovista oblongispora
1105:Bovista lauterbachii
1091:Bovista kurczumensis
944:Bovista flavobrunnea
909:Bovista dominicensis
866:Bovista cunninghamii
740:Bovista apedicellata
733:Bovista albosquamosa
322:Bovista sclerocystis
2603:found in Finland".
2510:2013MycPr..12..569Y
2421:(Gasteromycetes)".
2375:Bovista dermoxantha
2336:Bovista promontorii
1945:Kreisel H. (1964).
1855:Smith A.H. (1951).
1470:reported from Nepal
1442:Bovista trachyspora
1414:Bovista substerilis
1273:Bovista promontorii
1253:– Tumbling puffball
1228:Bovista ochrotricha
1192:Bovista membranacea
1178:Bovista magellanica
887:Bovista dermoxantha
810:Bovista californica
789:Bovista bovistoides
761:Bovista arachnoides
747:Bovista amethystina
676:species worldwide.
504:has species of the
459:(Rafinesque 1813),
261:molecular phylogeny
2650:Feddes Repertorium
2371:Vascellum curtisii
2293:"A new species of
1951:Feddes Repertorium
1529:Bovista nigrescens
1515:Bovista aestivalis
1266:Bovista polymorpha
1243:Bovista perpusilla
1213:Bovista nigrescens
1171:Bovista macrospora
1157:Bovista longissima
1150:Bovista longispora
1143:Bovista longicauda
1119:Bovista leucoderma
1112:Bovista leonoviana
1014:Bovista graveolens
1007:Bovista grandipora
873:Bovista dakotensis
852:Bovista coprophila
754:Bovista antarctica
715:Bovista aestivalis
436:
369:, who published a
2989:Agaricales genera
2966:
2965:
2938:Open Tree of Life
2702:Taxon identifiers
2494:Bovista himalaica
2264:"Search by: name
2249:978-0-85199-826-8
2218:978-81-7021-785-5
2185:978-81-8056-194-8
1484:Bovista verrucosa
1435:Bovista tomentosa
1421:Bovista sulphurea
1386:Bovista spinulosa
1316:Bovista reunionis
1199:Bovista monticola
1070:Bovista incarnata
1063:Bovista hungarica
1056:Bovista himalaica
1035:Bovista halophila
993:Bovista glacialis
894:reported causing
768:Bovista ardosiaca
701:Bovista acuminata
646:diabetes mellitus
617:blood circulation
599:Use in homeopathy
259:brought about by
232:
231:
226:
215:
204:
193:
182:
137:
3006:
2959:
2958:
2946:
2945:
2933:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2910:
2909:
2907:NHMSYS0001476213
2897:
2896:
2884:
2883:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2844:
2832:
2831:
2819:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2792:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2757:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2697:
2678:California Fungi
2666:
2665:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2414:
2403:
2402:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2332:Bovista capensis
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2288:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1928:Fungal Diversity
1925:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1888:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1802:
1785:(5): 1152–1154.
1774:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1579:
1543:Bovista colorata
1539:
1525:
1511:
1428:Bovista termitum
1309:Bovista radicata
1302:found in Finland
1290:– Dwarf puffball
1235:Bovista paludosa
1042:Bovista herrerae
960:Tierra del Fuego
951:Bovista fuegiana
937:Bovista flaccida
880:Bovista dealbata
859:Bovista cretacea
845:Bovista concinna
838:Bovista colorata
824:Bovista cisneroi
817:Bovista capensis
726:Bovista africana
687:Bovista acocksii
615:spores restrict
583:characters of a
477:Pseudolycoperdon
421:Illustration of
221:
219:Pseudolycoperdon
210:
199:
188:
177:
132:
58:
57:
35:
21:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2954:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2926:
2918:
2913:
2905:
2900:
2892:
2887:
2879:
2874:
2866:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2796:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2752:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2704:
2674:
2669:
2656:(1–2): 83–107.
2647:
2646:
2642:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2459:10.5248/111.411
2439:
2438:
2434:
2416:
2415:
2406:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2290:
2289:
2282:
2273:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2157:
2155:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2103:10.2307/3754761
2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2018:
2017:
2013:
1998:10.2307/3761759
1977:
1976:
1972:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1899:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1791:10.2307/3762097
1772:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1673:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1531:
1526:
1517:
1512:
1503:
1498:Bovista zeyheri
1491:Bovista yasudae
1449:Bovista umbrina
1365:Bovista singeri
1358:Bovista septima
1287:Bovista pusilla
1258:Bovista plumbea
1077:Bovista jonesii
930:Bovista elegans
923:Bovista dubiosa
831:Bovista citrina
796:Bovista brunnea
666:
644:after a meal",
601:
572:
550:
486:Bovista plumbea
424:Bovista plumbea
415:
293:
160:
154:
151:Bovista plumbea
131:
52:
42:Bovista plumbea
17:
12:
11:
5:
3012:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2947:
2934:
2924:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2771:
2758:
2745:
2730:
2714:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2672:External links
2670:
2668:
2667:
2640:
2614:
2591:
2578:(2): 154–155.
2554:
2541:Bovista lomosa
2531:
2484:
2465:
2432:
2404:
2385:(4): 251–260.
2361:
2320:
2307:(2): 156–158.
2280:
2255:
2248:
2230:
2217:
2197:
2184:
2164:
2141:
2134:
2116:
2097:(3): 270–273.
2085:, a new genus"
2071:
2064:
2046:
2011:
1992:(5): 947–957.
1970:
1957:(3): 196–211.
1937:
1911:
1902:|journal=
1864:
1847:
1840:
1822:
1753:
1747:10.5248/118.27
1713:
1706:
1688:
1659:
1640:
1625:
1597:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1400:reported form
1397:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1372:reported from
1369:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1323:Bovista ruizii
1319:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1246:
1239:
1238:– Fen puffball
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1126:Bovista limosa
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1028:Bovista gunnii
1024:
1021:Bovista grisea
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
972:Bovista gunnii
967:
966:
958:reported from
955:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
919:
916:Bovista dryina
912:
904:
903:
891:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
775:Bovista aspara
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
711:
704:
696:
695:
691:
690:
682:
678:Index Fungorum
665:
662:
600:
597:
571:
570:Related genera
568:
556:are generally
549:
546:
414:
411:
292:
289:
287:preparations.
230:
229:
228:
227:
216:
205:
194:
183:
169:
168:
162:
161:
155:
146:
145:
139:
138:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:Agaricomycetes
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of fungi
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3011:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2504:(3): 569–74.
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2321:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2135:0-7627-3109-5
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2067:
2065:0-395-91090-0
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1841:0-916422-74-7
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:0-412-36970-2
1703:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1652:(in French).
1651:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1614:
1612:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:Bovista nigra
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1185:Bovista minor
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
986:Bovista fusca
983:
981:
980:
979:Bovista fulva
976:
974:
973:
969:
968:
965:
961:
957:
956:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
932:
931:
927:
925:
924:
920:
918:
917:
913:
911:
910:
906:
905:
901:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
874:
870:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
846:
842:
840:
839:
835:
833:
832:
828:
826:
825:
821:
819:
818:
814:
812:
811:
807:
805:
804:
803:Bovista cacao
800:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
748:
744:
742:
741:
737:
735:
734:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
717:
716:
712:
710:
709:
708:Bovista aenea
705:
703:
702:
698:
697:
693:
692:
689:
688:
684:
683:
681:
679:
675:
671:
663:
661:
659:
655:
651:
650:ovarian cysts
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:
569:
567:
565:
564:
559:
555:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
434:
431:'s 1797 work
430:
429:James Sowerby
426:
425:
419:
412:
410:
408:
407:
402:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Hanns Kreisel
364:
360:
359:
354:
353:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
323:
319:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:of the order
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
224:
220:
217:
213:
209:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
173:
172:
170:
167:
163:
158:
153:
152:
147:
144:
140:
135:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Lycoperdaceae
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:Basidiomycota
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2984:Edible fungi
2709:
2691:, pp. 97—100
2688:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2348:(1): 74–75.
2345:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2272:. Retrieved
2265:
2258:
2239:
2233:
2222:. Retrieved
2207:
2200:
2189:. Retrieved
2174:
2167:
2156:. Retrieved
2151:
2144:
2125:
2119:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2055:
2049:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1931:
1927:
1914:
1893:cite journal
1884:
1880:
1857:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1697:
1691:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1617:. Retrieved
1610:
1591:
1590:(in Latin).
1587:
1542:
1528:
1514:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1402:Viña del Mar
1391:
1384:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1293:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1256:
1250:Bovista pila
1248:
1241:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
713:
706:
699:
685:
673:
669:
667:
640:children", "
628:
619:through the
612:
608:
604:
602:
592:
588:
574:
573:
561:
553:
551:
541:
537:
529:
526:monophyletic
521:
518:Phylogenetic
513:
509:
505:
501:
495:
491:type species
484:
476:
468:
460:
456:
448:
437:
432:
422:
404:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
362:
356:
350:
342:
340:
326:
321:
303:, or finely
294:
276:
264:
253:Lycoperdales
235:
234:
233:
218:
207:
196:
185:
174:
149:
143:Type species
127:
126:
40:
24:
18:
2979:Agaricaceae
2863:iNaturalist
2734:Wikispecies
2611:(2): 59–64.
2551:(1): 27–30.
2379:Mycoscience
2027:(1): 4–22.
1800:10261/91827
1609:"Synonymy:
896:fairy rings
642:palpitation
621:capillaries
475:1873), and
413:Systematics
347:capillitium
313:rhizomorphs
291:Description
285:homeopathic
269:Agaricaceae
2973:Categories
2481:: 191–211.
2452:: 411–21.
2429:: 279–289.
2274:2014-11-18
2224:2008-11-30
2191:2008-11-25
2158:2008-11-25
1730:in Mexico"
1619:2014-11-15
1567:References
1374:Nor Yungas
900:Chiba City
720:California
638:stammering
634:stuttering
589:Bovistella
506:Lycoperdon
481:VelenovskĂ˝
465:Rostkovius
453:Rafinesque
400:Lycoperdon
387:Lycoperdon
379:Lycoperdon
365:" type by
358:Bovistella
352:Calbovista
336:tumbleweed
305:echinulate
273:Agaricales
107:Agaricales
83:Division:
2994:Puffballs
2824:FloraBase
2637:: 137–42.
2446:Mycotaxon
2423:Mycotaxon
2090:Mycologia
2083:Bovistina
1985:Mycologia
1778:Mycologia
1740:: 27–46.
1734:Mycotaxon
1677:cite book
964:Argentina
658:cosmetics
625:menstrual
576:Bovistina
548:Edibility
498:subgenera
449:Piesmycus
385:type and
371:monograph
281:temperate
249:puffballs
175:Piesmycus
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
2889:MycoBank
2837:Fungorum
2774:BioLib:
2767:60015010
2762:AusFungi
2719:Wikidata
2526:14337846
2399:84981546
2342:Bothalia
2041:18207380
1817:21148934
1550:See also
563:Amanitas
542:Globaris
528:. Also,
502:Globaria
469:Globaria
457:Piemycus
447:include
445:Synonyms
406:Geastrum
301:granular
297:peridium
257:taxonomy
208:Globaria
186:Piemycus
166:Synonyms
113:Family:
63:Domain:
2881:1058396
2855:2535192
2740:Bovista
2725:Q895372
2710:Bovista
2506:Bibcode
2419:Bovista
2295:Bovista
2266:Bovista
2111:3754761
2006:3761759
1881:Bovista
1809:3762097
1728:Bovista
1611:Bovista
1378:Bolivia
1135:Iceland
902:(Japan)
674:Bovista
664:Species
656:due to
652:, and "
629:Bovista
613:Bovista
593:Bovista
585:Geaster
554:Bovista
538:Bovista
530:Bovista
522:Bovista
514:Bovista
510:Bovista
489:is the
483:1947).
467:1844),
455:1808),
395:Bovista
391:Bovista
383:Bovista
375:Bovista
363:Bovista
343:Bovista
309:ostiole
277:Bovista
265:Bovista
236:Bovista
128:Bovista
123:Genus:
103:Order:
93:Class:
25:Bovista
2956:988355
2943:130873
2927:NZOR:
2816:1BOVIG
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581:glebal
558:edible
534:clades
473:Quélet
461:Sackea
345:, the
328:Spores
318:hyphae
225:(1947)
223:Velen.
214:(1873)
203:(1844)
201:Rostk.
197:Sackea
192:(1813)
181:(1808)
159:(1795)
136:(1794)
2951:WoRMS
2920:90676
2894:19036
2876:IRMNG
2868:81948
2842:19036
2829:50035
2803:19567
2777:60761
2627:(PDF)
2522:S2CID
2395:S2CID
2107:JSTOR
2002:JSTOR
1924:(PDF)
1805:JSTOR
1773:(PDF)
1613:Pers"
1406:Chile
427:from
245:fungi
241:genus
239:is a
212:Quél.
157:Pers.
134:Pers.
77:Fungi
2915:NCBI
2850:GBIF
2811:EPPO
2790:3C4P
2749:APNI
2373:and
2244:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2060:ISBN
2037:PMID
1906:help
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