1107:
773:
761:
1419:(SPM). SPM is an equine neurological disease which occurs seasonally in certain areas of North America and Europe, with symptoms including stiffness, difficulty walking or standing, dark urine and eventually breathing rapidly and becoming recumbent. Ingestion of sufficient quantities of box elder seeds or other parts of the plant results in breakdown of respiratory, postural, and cardiac muscles. The cause of SPM was unknown for centuries despite the disease being well known among affected areas and was only positively determined in the 21st century. It is analogous to
821:
476:
797:
1343:
1443:
809:
101:
1241:
785:
275:
1118:
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57:
76:
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that grows up to 10β25 metres (35β80 feet) tall, with a trunk diameter of 30β50 centimetres (12β20 inches), rarely up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) diameter. It often has several trunks and can form impenetrable thickets. The typical lifespan of box elder is 60 - 75 years. Under exceptionally
878:
Names vary regionally. Box elder, boxelder maple, ash-leaved maple, and maple ash are among its common names in the United States. In Canada it is commonly known as
Manitoba maple and occasionally as elf maple. In the British Isles it is known as box elder or ashleaf maple. In
1184:
both cultivated and uncultivated areas and the range is therefore expanding both in North
America and elsewhere. In Europe where it was introduced in 1688 as a park tree it is able to spread quickly and is considered an invasive species in parts of Central Europe, including
3295:
1173:, box elder's rapid growth made it a popular landscaping tree in suburban housing developments despite its poor form, vulnerability to storm damage, and tendency to attract large numbers of
607:
leaves that usually have three to seven leaflets. Simple leaves are also occasionally present; technically, these are single-leaflet compound leaves. Although some other maples (such as
1106:
772:
2179:
875:, and so on. These names include "Manitoba maple", "ash-leaf maple", "cut-leaved maple", "three-leaf maple", "ash maple", "sugar maple", "negundo maple", and "river maple".
3275:
2152:
1454:
Although its light, close-grained, soft wood is considered undesirable for most commercial uses, this tree has been considered as a source of wood fiber, for use in
760:
3290:
2933:
3034:
1458:. There is also some commercial use of the tree for various decorative applications, such as turned items (bowls, stem-ware, pens). Such purposes generally use
2483:
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler (1936). "Ethnobiological
Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache."
3255:
3320:
2392:
Vestal, Paul A. and
Richard Evans Schultes (1939). The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians. Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University (p. 40)
2871:
1945:
3310:
3270:
2959:
2884:
1232:
habitats. Human influence has greatly favored this species; it grows around houses and in hedges, as well as on disturbed ground and vacant lots.
950:
species, and can often be found growing along riverbeds and in wet soils generally. For all these reasons, and despite their obvious differences,
1078:
is native to the
Northeastern coastal United States and to the northern interior United States from the Ohio Valley to the Columbia River basin.
3142:
2474:
Blankinship, J. W. (1905). "Native
Economic Plants of Montana." Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56 (p. 16)
2597:
2098:
1801:
1481:
to make bowls, and by the native peoples of
Montana who use the large trunk burls or knots to make bowls, dishes, drums, and pipe stems. The
3325:
3300:
2206:"Seasonal pasture myopathy/atypical myopathy in North America associated with ingestion of hypoglycin A within seeds of the box elder tree"
1884:
3315:
2796:
2204:
Valberg, S.J.; Sponseller, B.T.; Hegeman, A.D.; Earing, J.; Bender, J.B.; Martinson, K.L.; Patterson, S.E.; Sweetman, L. (July 2013).
1612:
dry scrapings of the inner bark and keep it as winter food, and they also boil the inner bark until sugar crystallizes out of it. The
1466:
2183:
3305:
3285:
2568:
1205:
and Russia where it can form mass growth in lowlands, disturbed areas, and riparian biomes on calcareous soils. It has also become
852:
has numerous common names. The names "box elder" and "boxelder maple" are based upon the similarity of its whitish wood to that of
808:
3052:
820:
1228:
This species prefers bright sunlight. It often grows on flood plains and other disturbed areas with ample water supply, such as
676:
are small and appear in early spring, with staminate flowers in clusters on slender pedicels and pistillate flowers on drooping
2920:
977:
3204:
3000:
2156:
100:
3121:
2329:
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco (1916). "Ethnobotany of the Tewa
Indians." SI-BAE Bulletin #55 (p. 38).
2964:
579:
of dead, protective tissue. The bark on its trunks is pale gray or light brown, deeply cleft into broad ridges, and scaly.
3021:
2354:
Gilmore, Melvin R. (1919). "Uses of Plants by the
Indians of the Missouri River Region." SI-BAE Annual Report #33 (p. 101)
1385:
1350:
Although its weak wood, irregular form, and prolific seeding might make it seem like a poor choice for a landscape tree,
965:
is often divided into three or more subspecies, some of which were originally described as separate species. These are:
2338:
Swank, George R. (1932). The
Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians. University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis (p. 24).
575:
coating when young. Branches are smooth, somewhat brittle, and tend to retain a fresh green color rather than forming a
520:. It is a fast-growing, short-lived tree with opposite, ash-like compound leaves. It is sometimes considered a weedy or
2264:
784:
3168:
2946:
2734:
2688:
998:
1936:
1854:
Some of the common names given in this reference are questionable, "stinking ash" and "black ash" typically refer to
739: in) incurved wing; they drop in autumn or they may persist through winter. Seeds are usually both prolific and
633:
regularly displays more than three leaflets. The leaflets are about 5β10 cm (2β4 in) long and 3β7 cm (
3209:
3155:
1420:
1158:
37:
2053:
Uva, R.H., J.C. Neal, and J.M. DiTomaso. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York.
3280:
3265:
3039:
2995:
1518:
was identified as the material used in the oldest extant wood flutes from the Americas. The flutes, excavated by
796:
1416:
1315:. The midge sometimes creates a separate, tubular gall on the midrib or veins of the undersides of the leaves.
1206:
1147:
525:
3160:
942:
exhibits an opposite branching pattern, as opposed to the alternating pattern of poison ivy. Like poison ivy,
2858:
1698:
909:
891:
2863:
2837:
1866:, respectively. This reference is retained as an example of the confusion which arises when plants such as
2832:
2749:
2611:
2589:
2581:
1825:
1429:
pollen, which is released in winter or spring (varying with latitude and elevation) is a severe allergen.
1320:
1143:
1094:
is disputed by many. Even the differences between recognized subspecies are probably a matter of gradient
2739:
1330:
1307:
475:
249:
2716:
222:
2889:
2703:
2035:
3062:
2770:
1218:
206:
2811:
1301:
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on all maples, but prefers this species, clustering the eggs in bark crevices. The rosy maple moth (
1161:, and has increased greatly in these areas. In 1928, Joseph Illick, chief forester for the state of
3106:
1284:
994:
65:
3013:
1665:
1415:, has been identified as a major risk factor for, and possibly the cause of, a disease in horses,
1354:
is one of the most common maples in cultivation. Long-term success has been noted as far north as
1342:
3227:
3147:
2845:
2548:
2243:
2005:
1979:
1793:
1616:
mix the boiled sap with shavings from the inner sides of animal hides and eat them as candy. The
290:
95:
3219:
1442:
1065:
is native to the southern United States from Virginia to New Mexico, and to northeastern Mexico.
2938:
2649:
1892:
3083:
2850:
2757:
2564:
2235:
2227:
2094:
1856:
1807:
1797:
1240:
615:
31:
3088:
2540:
2217:
1660:
1264:
1214:
935:
620:
521:
2977:
2912:
2114:
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into a number of regional varieties but these intergrade and their maintenance as distinct
3111:
3070:
1871:
1222:
138:
1906:
3134:
2824:
2660:
2496:
Hart, Jeffrey A. (1981). "The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana."
2379:
Gilmore, Melvin R. (1913). "Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota."
2294:
Hart, Jeffrey A. (1981). "The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana."
1767:
1686:
3260:
3129:
1862:
1519:
1190:
692:
274:
125:
1292:. The larvae feed on the leaves, and in very dense populations can cause defoliation.
1117:
483:
56:
3249:
2972:
2247:
2222:
2205:
1651:
1578:
1570:
1493:
1470:
1177:. Intentional cultivation has thus made the tree far more abundant than it once was.
1174:
1154:
1129:
947:
872:
604:
576:
529:
517:
265:
85:
80:
1642:
3232:
1497:
1486:
1412:
1271:
1170:
1162:
1002:
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609:
541:
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2088:
1787:
3196:
3026:
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2897:
2643:
1621:
1379:
1355:
930:
saplings are often mistaken for the allergenic plant. While both poison ivy and
583:
537:
184:
3173:
2138:
2670:
2448:
Gilmore, Melvin R. (1913). "A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians."
2363:
Gilmore, Melvin R. (1913). "A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians."
1999:
1973:
1811:
1602:
1455:
1095:
1036:
1006:
923:
871:, its preferred environment, its sugary sap, a description of its leaves, its
688:
626:
590:
174:
2801:
2634:
2231:
2819:
2783:
2403:
1606:
1546:
1538:
1137:
848:
Indicative of its familiarity to many people over a large geographic range,
751:
740:
533:
2239:
3098:
2951:
1789:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
1750:
1157:, it is considered a weedy species in some areas, such as in parts of the
3186:
3181:
3047:
2628:
1613:
1586:
1558:
1542:
1534:
1501:
1478:
1404:
1359:
1260:
1229:
1198:
1181:
868:
861:
151:
3075:
2726:
17:
2876:
2552:
1598:
1569:
The sap has been used to make syrup by Native Americans, including the
1474:
1194:
1186:
857:
601:
587:
1533:
has been used by Native Americans for several medicinal purposes. The
754:
and both a male and female tree are needed for reproduction to occur.
2902:
2711:
1617:
1609:
1554:
1550:
1509:
1202:
1133:
880:
677:
673:
666:
545:
164:
2605:
2544:
1537:
burn the wood as incense for making spiritual medicines, and during
2925:
2788:
1949:
1594:
1582:
1574:
1505:
1441:
1341:
1239:
1210:
1116:
1105:
1035:, with larger leaves with a velvety texture, is found in parts of
853:
684:
513:
482:
474:
194:
112:
2074:
Flora of the Chicago Region: A Floristic and Ecological Synthesis
1849:
1590:
1522:
in 1931 in Northeastern Arizona, have been dated to 620β670 CE.
1482:
1459:
1394:'Violaceum' β younger shoots and branches have bluish color
1296:
1256:
1091:
836:
A few botanists treat boxelder maple in its own distinct genus (
593:
564:
549:
2775:
2609:
2422:
Smith, Huron H. (1928). "Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians."
1279:
572:
2509:
Smith, Huron H. (1932). "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians."
2435:
Smith, Huron H. (1932). "Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians."
1288:) also lays its eggs on the leaves of maple trees, including
867:
Other common names are based upon this maple's similarity to
571:
The shoots are green, often with a whitish to pink or violet
1169:
that box elder was "rare and localized" in the state. After
954:
is sometimes referred to informally as the poison ivy tree.
922:
Because of its leaflets' superficial similarity to those of
661: in) wide with slightly serrate margins. Leaves have a
2465:
Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society (p. 44).
2375:
2373:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
1462:
or injured wood, as the injured wood develops a red stain.
1504:, which is used in ceremonial painting and tattooing. The
1366:'Auratum' β yellowish leaves with smooth undersides
695:
on drooping racemes. Each seed is slender, 1β2 cm (
2527:
Maeglin, Robert R.; Lewis F. Ohmann (1973). "Boxelder (
30:"Box elder" redirects here. For the box elder bug, see
2424:
Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee
1022:
is native to Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico.
914:
896:
1772:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 85β87.
1736:
van Gelderen, C.J. & van Gelderen, D.M. (1999).
1465:
The wood has been used for a variety of purposes by
3296:
Plants used in traditional Native American medicine
2618:
2182:. University of Minnesota Extension. Archived from
1369:'Aureomarginatum' β creamy yellow leaf margins
2285:Santa Fe, NM. School of American Research (p. 62)
1346:'Variegatum' cultivar with white-margined leaves
568:favorable conditions, it may live to 100 years.
2320:Helena. Montana Historical Society Press (p. 4)
1786:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
1641:Barstow, M.; Crowley, D.; Rivers, M.C. (2017).
2450:Nebraska State Historical Society Collections
2381:Nebraska State Historical Society Collections
2365:Nebraska State Historical Society Collections
2090:Trees, Shrubs, and Vines for Attracting Birds
1666:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T62940A3117065.en
1391:'Variegatum' β creamy white leaf margins
1372:'Baron' β Hardier & seedless variety
1121:Growing as a weed in pavement crack in Russia
1052:is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
1009:, between the eastern and western subspecies.
902:
884:
582:Unlike most other maples (which usually have
8:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2259:
2257:
2180:"Seasonal pasture myopathy cause identified"
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
1375:'Elegans' β distinctively convex leaves
1334:creates black-ringed lesions on the leaves.
1299:are formed on the leaves by a bladder mite,
883:it is known as American maple (Russian:
860:compound leaves to those of some species of
2404:"Anasazi Flutes from the Broken Flute Cave"
2155:. Michigan State University. Archived from
1508:burn the wood in the altar fire during the
2606:
2511:Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee
2437:Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee
2265:"Box Elder, Ash-Leaf Maple (Acer negundo)"
1885:"Community trees of the Prairie provinces"
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
901:) as well as ash-leaf maple (Russian:
273:
74:
55:
44:
2221:
2072:Wilhelm, Gerould; Rericha, Laura (2017).
1826:"DePauw Nature Park Field Guide to Trees"
1769:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
1664:
665:light green color and turn yellow in the
563:is a fast-growing and fairly short-lived
3276:Least concern flora of the United States
2318:Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples.
1946:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
1761:
1759:
1738:Maples for Gardens: A Color Encyclopedia
1561:of the inner bark for the same purpose.
1423:in humans, also caused by hypoglycin A.
528:throughout much of the world, including
2115:"Dryocampa rubicunda (rosy maple moth)"
2044:, Kew Science. Accessed 26 January 2023
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1751:https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/2862
1633:
1132:(mostly in the east) and south-central
934:have compound leaves composed of three
756:
303:
3291:Plants used in Native American cuisine
1781:
1779:
2533:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
7:
3210:43af663c-4702-47b2-9147-095d2fc79048
3063:52e816de-59e7-4930-be2c-489d387af924
1485:use the twigs as pipe stems and the
993:, with more leaf serration than the
814:Sprawling, multi-stemmed growth form
715: in) long, with a 2β3 cm (
3256:IUCN Red List least concern species
1652:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1489:make the twigs into prayer sticks.
1217:in some of the cooler areas of the
1136:, and can be found as far south as
840:) but this is not widely accepted.
3321:Trees of humid continental climate
2601:images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
1870:are discussed by other than their
680:10β20 cm (4β8 in) long.
25:
2561:Trees of North America and Europe
2485:University of New Mexico Bulletin
1975:Trees with Don Leopold - boxelder
1792:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
1378:'Flamingo' β pink and white
1113:often grows alongside waterbodies
3161:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781412-1
2590:Interactive Distribution Map of
2223:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00684.x
1311:joins and enlarges the galls of
819:
807:
795:
783:
771:
759:
417:(Booth ex G. Kirchn.) W.A. Weber
99:
27:Boxelder maple, ash-leaved tree?
2139:"Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo)"
2008:from the original on 2021-12-12
1982:from the original on 2021-12-12
1831:. DePauw University. p. 14
1597:, and the indigenous people of
1082:Some authors further subdivide
3311:Trees of Mediterranean climate
3271:Garden plants of North America
2076:. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
1388: β with weeping branches.
1362:have been developed, such as:
1318:The cottony maple leaf scale,
1:
2531:): A Review and Commentary".
1917:. Royal Horticultural Society
1749:CABI datasheet. Available at
1620:mix the sap with that of the
1128:is native across much of the
1001:leaf surface, is native from
691:of two single-seeded, winged
2521:General and cited references
2498:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2296:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
2087:DeGraaf, Richard M. (2002).
1891:. 2007-02-22. Archived from
1624:and drink it as a beverage.
393:(Booth ex G.Kirchn.) Simonk.
3326:Trees of temperate climates
3301:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2585:facts and diagnostic traits
2281:Elmore, Francis H. (1944).
2153:"Seasonal pasture myopathy"
1324:, occurs on the foliage of
915:
897:
3342:
2563:. New York: Random House.
2283:Ethnobotany of the Navajo.
2042:Plants of the World Online
1703:keyserver.lucidcentral.org
1421:Jamaican vomiting sickness
1159:Northeastern United States
1076:(Booth ex Loudon) H.Jaeger
1033:(Torr. & A.Gray) Sarg.
856:and the similarity of its
746:Unlike most other maples,
38:Box Elder (disambiguation)
29:
3316:Trees of Northern America
2463:Plants and the Blackfoot.
2210:Equine Veterinary Journal
1417:seasonal pasture myopathy
1221:, and is invasive in the
903:
885:
296:
289:
281:
272:
255:
248:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
54:
47:
3306:Trees of Central America
3286:Plants described in 1753
1889:Natural Resources Canada
1549:of the inner bark as an
1407:present in the seeds of
1150:is named for this tree.
1102:Distribution and habitat
790:Retained seeds in winter
619:and the closely related
2461:Johnston, Alex (1987).
1267:uses them extensively.
1263:feed on the seeds. The
980:to the Rocky Mountains.
1766:Keeler, H. L. (1900).
1451:
1347:
1328:. A leaf spot fungus,
1252:
1213:, is listed as a pest
1122:
1114:
488:
480:
36:. For other uses, see
1753:(accessed 04/10/2022)
1445:
1345:
1308:Contarinia negundinis
1243:
1120:
1109:
486:
478:
434:Negundo fraxinifolium
422:Negundo fraxinifolium
2452:17:314β57. (p. 329).
2367:17:314β57. (p. 336).
2119:Animal Diversity Web
1796:. pp. 261β262.
1705:. Weeds of Australia
1659:: e.T62940A3117065.
1321:Pulvinaria acericola
1219:Australian continent
496:, also known as the
2513:4:327β525 (p. 394).
2426:4:175β326 (p. 200)'
2402:Clint Goss (2011).
2316:Hart, Jeff (1992).
2001:Tree Talk: Boxelder
1500:make the wood into
1331:Septoria negundinis
1285:Dryocampa rubicunda
1153:Although native to
995:nominate subspecies
938:with ragged edges,
321:H.LΓ©v. & Vaniot
66:Conservation status
2487:4(5):1β63 (p. 44).
2439:4:327β525 (p. 353)
2383:17:358β70 (p. 366)
1794:Mountaineers Books
1473:to make tubes for
1452:
1348:
1253:
1167:Pennsylvania Trees
1123:
1115:
976:, native from the
916:klyon yasenelistny
904:ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΜΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ
886:Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΜΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½
512:, is a species of
489:
481:
334:Acer fraxinifolium
326:Acer fraxinifolium
3243:
3242:
3084:Open Tree of Life
2612:Taxon identifiers
2269:PollenLibrary.com
2159:on 3 January 2018
2141:. 31 August 2018.
2100:978-1-58465-215-1
1857:Ptelea trifoliata
1850:"Windsor Plywood"
1803:978-1-68051-329-5
1469:, such as by the
1276:Boisea trivittata
1246:Boisea trivittata
1077:
1064:
1051:
1034:
1021:
992:
913:
898:amerikansky klyon
895:
838:Negundo aceroides
778:Autumn leaf color
672:The yellow-green
616:Acer mandshuricum
473:
472:
466:
458:
450:
442:
430:
418:
410:Negundo aceroides
406:
398:Negundo aceroides
394:
386:
378:
370:
358:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:Acer californicum
89:
33:Boisea trivittata
16:(Redirected from
3333:
3281:Ornamental trees
3266:Dioecious plants
3236:
3235:
3223:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3029:
3027:NBNSYS0000014604
3017:
3016:
3004:
3003:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2941:
2929:
2928:
2916:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2854:
2853:
2841:
2840:
2828:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2607:
2559:Philips, Roger.
2556:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2225:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2054:
2051:
2045:
2033:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2013:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1954:
1948:. Archived from
1943:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1872:scientific names
1853:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1734:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1638:
1541:ceremonies. The
1467:Native Americans
1305:. A gall midge,
1265:evening grosbeak
1215:invasive species
1144:Box Elder County
1075:
1062:
1049:
1032:
1019:
990:
946:is also a noted
918:
908:
906:
905:
900:
890:
888:
887:
823:
811:
799:
787:
775:
766:Leaves and fruit
763:
738:
737:
733:
730:
724:
723:
719:
714:
713:
709:
704:
703:
699:
660:
659:
655:
652:
646:
645:
641:
638:
522:invasive species
510:ash-leaved maple
464:
456:
448:
440:
428:
416:
404:
392:
384:
382:Acer trifoliatum
376:
368:
356:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
282:Native range of
277:
261:
227:
211:
104:
103:
83:
78:
77:
59:
45:
21:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3231:
3226:
3218:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3193:
3185:
3180:
3172:
3167:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3097:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3071:Observation.org
3069:
3061:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2985:MichiganFlora:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2932:
2924:
2919:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2857:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2831:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2746:
2738:
2733:
2725:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2657:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2614:
2578:
2545:10.2307/2484104
2526:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2508:
2504:
2500:4:1β55 (p. 13).
2495:
2491:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2378:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2302:
2298:4:1β55 (p. 46).
2293:
2289:
2280:
2276:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2070:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2019:
2011:
2009:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1804:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1567:
1528:
1440:
1435:
1401:
1340:
1244:Boxelder bugs (
1238:
1223:Rio de la Plata
1180:It can quickly
1104:
991:(Britton) Sarg.
960:
846:
834:
827:
824:
815:
812:
803:
800:
791:
788:
779:
776:
767:
764:
735:
731:
728:
726:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
706:
701:
697:
696:
657:
653:
650:
648:
643:
639:
636:
634:
558:
548:, and parts of
524:, and has been
469:
454:Negundo texanum
446:Negundo negundo
441:Booth ex Loudon
302:
301:
268:
263:
257:
244:
241:A. negundo
225:
209:
98:
90:
79:
75:
68:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3339:
3337:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3233:wfo-0000514643
3224:
3214:
3201:
3191:
3178:
3165:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3116:
3103:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2992:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2930:
2917:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2744:
2731:
2721:
2708:
2698:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2640:
2624:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2587:
2577:
2576:External links
2574:
2573:
2572:
2557:
2539:(6): 357β363.
2522:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2428:
2415:
2394:
2385:
2369:
2356:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2253:
2216:(4): 419β426.
2196:
2170:
2144:
2130:
2106:
2099:
2079:
2055:
2046:
2017:
1991:
1965:
1938:BSBI List 2007
1928:
1898:
1895:on 2008-05-18.
1876:
1863:Fraxinus nigra
1841:
1817:
1802:
1775:
1755:
1742:
1716:
1699:"Acer negundo"
1690:
1687:The Plant List
1679:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1566:
1563:
1527:
1524:
1520:Earl H. Morris
1450:with red stain
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:(very popular)
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1339:
1336:
1313:Aceria negundi
1302:Aceria negundi
1237:
1234:
1191:Czech Republic
1175:box elder bugs
1103:
1100:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1053:
1040:
1023:
1010:
981:
978:Atlantic Coast
959:
956:
845:
842:
833:
830:
829:
828:
825:
818:
816:
813:
806:
804:
801:
794:
792:
789:
782:
780:
777:
770:
768:
765:
758:
622:A. cissifolium
557:
554:
506:Manitoba maple
502:boxelder maple
479:Female flowers
471:
470:
468:
467:
459:
451:
449:(L.) H. Karst.
443:
431:
419:
407:
395:
390:Acer violaceum
387:
379:
377:(Nieuwl.) Lyon
374:Acer nuttallii
371:
359:
347:
339:
331:
323:
315:
299:
298:
297:
294:
293:
287:
286:
279:
278:
270:
269:
264:
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155:
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149:
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141:
136:
129:
128:
123:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
91:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3338:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
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3277:
3274:
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3269:
3267:
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3259:
3257:
3254:
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3251:
3234:
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3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
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3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2569:0-394-50259-0
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2186:on 2017-11-27
2185:
2181:
2178:Anna Renier.
2174:
2171:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1955:on 2015-06-26
1951:
1947:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1929:
1916:
1912:
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1890:
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1760:
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1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
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1576:
1572:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1526:Medicinal use
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:Dakota people
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1446:Heartwood of
1444:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1333:
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1327:
1323:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
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1304:
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1298:
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1291:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:North America
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:United States
1127:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
985:
982:
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:
966:
964:
957:
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
911:
899:
893:
882:
876:
874:
873:binomial name
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
843:
841:
839:
831:
822:
817:
810:
805:
798:
793:
786:
781:
774:
769:
762:
757:
755:
753:
749:
744:
742:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
632:
629:leaves, only
628:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
611:
606:
603:
599:
595:
592:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
569:
566:
562:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:South America
527:
523:
519:
518:North America
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:
485:
477:
463:
462:Rulac negundo
460:
455:
452:
447:
444:
439:
435:
432:
427:
423:
420:
415:
411:
408:
403:
399:
396:
391:
388:
383:
380:
375:
372:
367:
363:
360:
355:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
307:
304:
295:
292:
288:
285:
280:
276:
271:
267:
262:
260:
254:
251:
250:Binomial name
247:
243:
242:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:
205:
202:
201:
198:
197:
193:
190:
189:
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126:Tracheophytes
124:
121:
118:
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111:
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107:
102:
97:
93:
87:
82:
81:Least Concern
71:
67:
62:
58:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
35:
34:
19:
3112:Acer negundo
3099:Acer_negundo
3053:Acer~negundo
2851:Acer negundo
2717:acer-negundo
2650:Acer negundo
2620:Acer negundo
2619:
2599:Acer negundo
2598:
2592:Acer negundo
2591:
2583:Acer negundo
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2529:Acer negundo
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2423:
2418:
2407:. Retrieved
2397:
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2359:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2295:
2290:
2282:
2277:
2268:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2188:. Retrieved
2184:the original
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:the original
2147:
2133:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2109:
2089:
2082:
2073:
2049:
2041:
2037:Acer negundo
2036:
2010:, retrieved
2000:
1994:
1984:, retrieved
1974:
1968:
1957:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1937:
1931:
1921:26 September
1919:. Retrieved
1914:
1909:Acer negundo
1908:
1901:
1893:the original
1888:
1879:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1820:
1788:
1768:
1745:
1737:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1693:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1656:
1650:
1645:Acer negundo
1644:
1636:
1568:
1531:Acer negundo
1530:
1529:
1516:Acer negundo
1515:
1514:
1498:Omaha people
1491:
1464:
1453:
1448:Acer negundo
1447:
1427:Acer negundo
1426:
1425:
1413:hypoglycin A
1409:Acer negundo
1408:
1402:
1351:
1349:
1329:
1326:Acer negundo
1325:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1290:Acer negundo
1289:
1283:
1275:
1272:boxelder bug
1269:
1254:
1250:Acer negundo
1249:
1245:
1227:
1179:
1171:World War II
1166:
1163:Pennsylvania
1152:
1142:
1126:Acer negundo
1125:
1124:
1111:Acer negundo
1110:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1072:
1069:Acer negundo
1068:
1059:
1056:Acer negundo
1055:
1046:
1043:Acer negundo
1042:
1030:californicum
1029:
1026:Acer negundo
1025:
1016:
1013:Acer negundo
1012:
1003:Saskatchewan
987:
984:Acer negundo
983:
973:
970:Acer negundo
969:
963:Acer negundo
962:
961:
952:Acer negundo
951:
944:Acer negundo
943:
940:Acer negundo
939:
932:Acer negundo
931:
928:Acer negundo
927:
921:
877:
866:
849:
847:
844:Common names
837:
835:
747:
745:
682:
671:
630:
621:
614:
610:Acer griseum
608:
598:Acer negundo
597:
581:
570:
561:Acer negundo
560:
559:
542:South Africa
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:Acer negundo
492:
491:
490:
487:Male flowers
465:(L.) Hitchc.
461:
453:
445:
437:
433:
425:
421:
413:
409:
401:
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
362:Acer negundo
361:
353:
350:Acer negundo
349:
342:Acer lobatum
341:
333:
325:
318:Acer fauriei
317:
309:
305:
284:Acer negundo
283:
259:Acer negundo
258:
256:
240:
239:
223:
207:
195:
158:
145:
132:
119:
49:Acer negundo
48:
42:
32:
3135:kew-2616024
3009:NatureServe
2898:iNaturalist
2644:Wikispecies
1915:www.rhs.org
1672:13 November
1622:sugar maple
1380:variegation
1356:Yellowknife
1338:Cultivation
1278:) lays its
1209:in eastern
1207:naturalized
1165:, wrote in
1050:(DC.) Wesm.
997:and a more
663:translucent
556:Description
538:New Zealand
526:naturalized
457:(Pax) Rydb.
185:Sapindaceae
139:Angiosperms
3250:Categories
3217:WisFlora:
3130:Plant List
2747:Calflora:
2409:2011-10-18
2190:2018-01-03
2124:2017-11-14
2012:2021-06-19
1986:2021-06-19
1959:2014-10-17
1868:A. negundo
1835:2018-05-24
1812:1141235469
1709:4 December
1603:Chiricahua
1553:, and the
1512:ceremony.
1456:fiberboard
1386:'Pendulum'
1352:A. negundo
1248:) feed on
1096:speciation
1084:A. negundo
1037:California
1017:arizonicum
1007:New Mexico
958:Subspecies
924:poison ivy
850:A. negundo
748:A. negundo
689:schizocarp
631:A. negundo
627:trifoliate
544:, much of
516:native to
405:G. Kirchn.
357:(L.) Wesm.
175:Sapindales
2864:200013051
2838:200013051
2820:FloraBase
2248:206002430
2232:2042-3306
2163:3 January
1628:Citations
1607:Mescalero
1587:Winnebago
1547:decoction
1539:Sun Dance
1477:, by the
1360:cultivars
1261:squirrels
1259:and some
1138:Guatemala
1073:violaceum
1047:mexicanum
910:romanized
892:romanized
858:pinnately
752:dioecious
750:is fully
602:pinnately
588:palmately
534:Australia
498:box elder
438:violaceum
414:violaceus
402:violaceum
235:Species:
203:Section:
109:Kingdom:
3205:VicFlora
3194:VASCAN:
3182:Tropicos
3096:PalDat:
3048:NSWFlora
3014:2.157048
2939:11362328
2926:781412-1
2724:BioLib:
2629:Wikidata
2240:23167695
2093:. UPNE.
2006:archived
1980:archived
1614:Cheyenne
1559:infusion
1543:Meskwaki
1535:Cheyenne
1502:charcoal
1496:and the
1479:Cheyenne
1405:protoxin
1399:Toxicity
1255:Several
1230:riparian
1199:Slovenia
1182:colonize
988:interior
948:riparian
936:leaflets
832:Taxonomy
802:Seedling
605:compound
369:(L.) Pax
291:Synonyms
219:Series:
181:Family:
152:Eudicots
86:IUCN 3.1
18:Boxelder
2996:MoBotPF
2877:3189866
2704:166-1-2
2635:Q161166
2571:, 1979.
2553:2484104
1599:Montana
1565:As food
1557:use an
1475:bellows
1358:. Many
1236:Ecology
1195:Hungary
1187:Germany
1088:negundo
1086:subsp.
1060:texanum
1045:subsp.
1028:subsp.
986:subsp.
974:negundo
972:subsp.
854:boxwood
741:fertile
734:⁄
720:⁄
710:⁄
700:⁄
693:samaras
678:racemes
674:flowers
656:⁄
642:⁄
625:) have
426:crispum
412:subsp.
366:vulgare
354:typicum
352:subsp.
310:texanum
228:Negundo
212:Negundo
191:Genus:
171:Order:
113:Plantae
84: (
3187:200001
3143:PLANTS
3089:948925
3060:NZOR:
3001:275364
2812:aceneg
2809:FEIS:
2802:150785
2776:583069
2740:100987
2712:ARKive
2701:APSA:
2694:116545
2681:131218
2678:APDB:
2658:AoFP:
2567:
2551:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2097:
1810:
1800:
1618:Ojibwa
1610:Apache
1601:. The
1579:Pawnee
1571:Dakota
1555:Ojibwa
1551:emetic
1545:use a
1510:peyote
1471:Navajo
1295:Small
1225:area.
1203:Poland
1189:, the
1134:Canada
881:Russia
826:Fruit.
594:leaves
584:simple
546:Europe
429:Loudon
165:Rosids
3261:Maple
3148:ACNE2
3119:PFI:
2978:62940
2965:28749
2934:IRMNG
2910:IPA:
2903:47726
2846:FoAO2
2825:40761
2797:EUNIS
2789:ACRNE
2668:APA:
2549:JSTOR
2244:S2CID
1953:(xls)
1942:(xls)
1829:(PDF)
1595:Sioux
1583:Ponca
1575:Omaha
1506:Kiowa
1487:Keres
1297:galls
1257:birds
1211:China
1071:var.
1058:var.
1020:Sarg.
1015:var.
999:matte
862:elder
687:is a
685:fruit
591:lobed
514:maple
436:var.
424:var.
400:var.
364:var.
329:Nutt.
308:var.
224:Acer
210:sect.
208:Acer
159:Clade
146:Clade
133:Clade
120:Clade
3220:2419
3197:9206
3156:POWO
3122:3044
3107:PfaF
3076:6331
3040:4023
3035:NCBI
2988:2649
2973:IUCN
2960:ITIS
2952:2862
2921:IPNI
2913:3245
2890:1170
2885:GRIN
2872:GBIF
2784:EPPO
2763:94F5
2750:9644
2735:BOLD
2727:3603
2689:APNI
2661:3408
2565:ISBN
2236:PMID
2228:ISSN
2165:2018
2095:ISBN
1923:2019
1860:and
1808:OCLC
1798:ISBN
1711:2018
1674:2021
1657:2017
1605:and
1591:Cree
1492:The
1483:Tewa
1460:burl
1438:Wood
1433:Uses
1280:eggs
1270:The
1148:Utah
1092:taxa
683:The
667:fall
600:has
577:bark
573:waxy
565:tree
550:Asia
385:Raf.
345:Raf.
337:Raf.
300:List
226:ser.
196:Acer
3228:WFO
3174:217
3169:RHS
3022:NBN
2947:ISC
2859:FoC
2833:FNA
2771:EoL
2758:CoL
2671:251
2541:doi
2537:100
2218:doi
1661:doi
1063:Pax
1005:to
919:).
869:ash
596:),
508:or
313:Pax
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