570:
underside of the snout and the area around the mouth is densely covered by small denticles in sharks under 90 cm (35 in) long; these denticles become larger and sparser in larger sharks. This species is brown to black above, with a metallic purplish hue, and paler below; some individuals have red or black blotches. There is a report of one specimen that had a greenish glow when freshly caught. The bramble shark may reach 3.1 m (10 ft) in length. The maximum weight on record is 200 kg (440 lb) for a 2.8 m (9.2 ft) long female.
698:
48:
465:
100:
494:
454:
242:
505:
706:
483:
75:
31:
813:. Historical accounts suggest that bramble shark numbers in the northeastern Atlantic have fallen markedly since the 18th and 19th centuries, such as that it is now extremely rare off northern Europe and in the Mediterranean. This decline has been attributed to fishing pressure, to which this species may be highly vulnerable as large, deep-sea sharks generally have slow growth rates and long
569:
are scattered irregularly over the body and vary greatly in size, measuring up to 1.5 cm (0.59 in) across. Each denticle is thorn-like in shape, with ridges radiating out from the central point over the base. As many as ten denticles may be fused together to form multi-pointed plates. The
526:
are located well behind them. The wide, curved mouth bears very short furrows at the corners. There are 20–26 upper and 22–26 lower tooth rows; each tooth is knife-like, with a single main cusp and up to three cusplets on either side. There are five pairs of
332:
waters worldwide. This rarely encountered shark swims close to the bottom of the seafloor, typically at depths of 400–900 m (1,300–3,000 ft), though it may enter much shallower water. The bramble shark has a stout body with two small
517:
The bramble shark has a thick, cylindrical body and a somewhat flattened head. The snout is blunt and shorter than the width of the mouth, with widely spaced nostrils that are preceded by small flaps of skin. The eyes lack
757:. Recorded litter sizes have ranged from 15 to 52, and newly born pups have been estimated to measure 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long. The dermal denticles in near-term
1755:
1540:
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Distinctive traits of the bramble shark include its posteriorly placed dorsal fins, lack of an anal fin, and large thorn-like dermal denticles (detail below).
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scattered over its body, some of which may be fused together. It is purplish brown or black in color and grows up to 3.1 m (10 ft) long.
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Finucci, B.; Bineesh, K.K.; Cheok, J.; Cotton, C.F.; Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Pacoureau, N.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020).
440:) caught in the Pacific Ocean were misidentified as bramble sharks. Other common names for this species are spinous shark and spiny shark.
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at depths of 400–900 m (1,300–3,000 ft). However, it has been reported from as shallow as 18 m (59 ft), in areas with
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1715:
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is uncertain; the smallest known mature males and females are 1.5 m (4.9 ft) and 2.1 m (6.9 ft) long respectively.
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425:
1305:
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classified the bramble shark as "At Risk – Naturally
Uncommon" with the qualifiers "Data Poor" and "Secure Overseas" under the
380:. Its population has declined substantially in the northeastern Atlantic since the 18th and 19th centuries, likely because of
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origins. The asymmetrical caudal fin has an indistinct lower lobe and an upper lobe without a notch in the trailing margin.
1735:
1592:
1291:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
1292:
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Javadzadeh, N.; Vosoughi, G.; Fatemi, M.R.; Abdoli, A.; Valinassab, T. (2011). "The first record of mesopelagic shark,
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of cold water, and from as deep as 1,214 m (3,983 ft). At least in
European waters, this species may
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Indian
Council of Agricultural Research Marine Fisheries Information Service Technical and Extension Series
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are underdeveloped, appearing as minute spines located within open pits in the skin. The size at
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1017:
Blainville, H. de (1816). "Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal".
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Records of the bramble shark are fairly rare and originate from widely scattered locations in
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are small, with the first dorsal fin origin lying behind the pelvic fin origins. There is no
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994:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
794:
762:
566:
551:
482:
377:
342:
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360:, with females producing litters of 15–52 pups. Harmless to humans, it is an occasional
745:, relative to its mouth, suggests that it may capture prey by suction. This species is
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619:
151:
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614:. In the western Atlantic, this species is represented by a handful of specimens from
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Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
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Tableau encyclopédique et methodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie
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Kemp, N.E. (1999). "Integumentary System and Teeth". In
Hamlett, W.C. (ed.).
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Sluggish in nature, the bramble shark feeds on smaller sharks (including the
1176:(Bonnaterre, 1788; Squaliformes; Echinorhinidae), from the Oman Sea, Iran".
996:. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 25–26.
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into shallower depths of 20–200 m (66–656 ft) during the summer.
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1092:(Bonnaterre, 1788) (Squaliformes: Echinorhinidae) from the Sea of Marmara"
1501:
1370:
1341:"Biological Profiles: Bramble Shark" at Florida Museum of Natural History
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Kabasakal, H.; Oz, M.I.; Karhan, S.U.; Caylarbasi, Z.; Tural, U. (2005).
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The spiny dogfish (pictured) is a known prey item of the bramble shark.
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The original description of the bramble shark was authored by French
121:
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1300:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10.
806:
805:, whereas in India the oil is considered poor and is used to coat
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402:
Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois regnes de la nature
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The bramble shark is not known to pose a danger to humans. It is
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356:, which this slow-moving species may capture via suction. It is
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1351:
821:(IUCN) assesses it as Endangered. In June 2018 the New Zealand
843:
841:
1149:
Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The
Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes
1263:"Descriptions of the adult and embryo of the bramble shark
1088:"Photographic evidence of the occurrence of bramble shark,
1267:(Bonnaterre) obtained from the continental slope of India"
789:. In the eastern Atlantic, this species is processed into
1215:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 42.
341:. It can be readily identified by the large, thorn-like
348:
The diet of the bramble shark includes smaller sharks,
1274:
Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of India
41:, illustration of the zoology of South Africa (1838)
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for this species. Until the 1960s, specimens of the
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899:Compagno, L.J.V.; Dando, M.; Fowler, S. (2005).
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561:The skin is covered by a layer of foul-smelling
903:. Princeton University Press. pp. 70–71.
819:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1019:Bulletin de la Société Philomathique de Paris
873:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41801A2956075.en
8:
793:but has little commercial significance. Its
709:Bramble shark embryo with external yolk sac.
956:. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–46.
673:, the bramble shark most commonly inhabits
1348:
1060:. University of Texas Press. p. 103.
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420:meaning "from the depths of the sea". The
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1056:McEachran, J.D.; Fechhelm, J.D. (1998).
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827:New Zealand Threat Classification System
817:. Regarding the species as a whole, the
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586:waters worldwide, save for the eastern
1756:Taxa named by Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
1261:Silas, E.G.; Selvaraj, G.S.D. (1972).
7:
1621:1419b7f8-e6f7-44ab-b11f-b1be96b78b6b
1241:"On a bramble shark with 52 embryos"
1135:ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research
1131:"Echinorhiniformes: Bramble Sharks"
859:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
785:and on fishing line, as well as by
598:, where its range extends from the
554:is robust and lacks notches at the
542:are long and relatively large. The
531:, with the fifth pair the longest.
1239:Joel, J.J.; Ebenzer, I.P. (1991).
1211:Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. (2009).
590:. Most have come from the eastern
14:
1751:Marine fish of Southern Australia
1099:Annales Series Historia Naturalis
538:are short and angular, while the
1696:IUCN Red List endangered species
1198:10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01615.x
503:
492:
481:
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1137:. Downloaded on March 24, 2012.
675:continental and insular shelves
565:several millimeters thick. The
1746:Marine fish of Southern Africa
1178:Journal of Applied Ichthyology
749:; females have two functional
424:has since been lost. In 1816,
1:
1721:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
1151:. JHU Press. pp. 43–68.
1046:Downloaded on March 24, 2012.
1044:FishBase. March 2012 Version.
1038:Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (eds).
1213:Sharks and Rays of Australia
954:The Sharks of North America
510:Jaws, lower and upper teeth
337:positioned far back and no
249:Range of the bramble shark
1777:
1731:Marine fish of New Zealand
1716:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
1336:Bramble shark" at FishBase
1105:(1): 51–56. Archived from
823:Department of Conservation
992:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
928:. Panckoucke. p. 11.
924:Bonnaterre, J.P. (1788).
320:. Aside from the eastern
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95:Scientific classification
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741:. The large size of its
574:Distribution and habitat
397:Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
1761:Fish described in 1788
710:
702:
372:, and may be used for
1250:(Suppl. 108): 15, 31.
1040:"Echinorhinus brucus"
952:Castro, J.I. (2011).
747:aplacental viviparous
708:
700:
520:nictitating membranes
358:aplacental viviparous
1736:Fauna of South India
866:: e.T41801A2956075.
797:is highly valued in
779:commercial fisheries
370:recreational fishers
305:) is one of the two
58:, mounted specimen.
1432:echinorhinus-brucus
1419:Echinorhinus_brucus
1406:Echinorhinus_brucus
1392:Echinorhinus brucus
1362:Echinorhinus brucus
1334:Echinorhinus brucus
1265:Echinorhinus brucus
1190:2011JApIc..27.1119J
1174:Echinorhinus brucus
1090:Echinorhinus brucus
901:Sharks of the World
852:Echinorhinus brucus
775:caught incidentally
693:Biology and ecology
669:Found close to the
642:, it is known from
426:Henri de Blainville
302:Echinorhinus brucus
270:Echinorhinus obesus
263:Echinorhinus mccoyi
224:Echinorhinus brucus
65:Conservation status
56:Echinorhinus brucus
39:Echinorhinus brucus
811:woodboring beetles
769:Human interactions
711:
703:
428:created the genus
1711:Fauna of Kiribati
1683:
1682:
1655:Open Tree of Life
1354:Taxon identifiers
1222:978-0-674-03411-2
1158:978-0-8018-6048-5
1067:978-0-292-75206-1
963:978-0-19-539294-4
910:978-0-691-12072-0
719:Squalus acanthias
612:Mediterranean Sea
324:, it is found in
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280:Bonnaterre, 1788
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16:Species of shark
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405:. He named it
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1741:Gulf of Oman
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1114:. Retrieved
1107:the original
1102:
1098:
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1018:
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863:
857:
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799:South Africa
772:
735:lizardfishes
718:
712:
668:
640:Indo-Pacific
606:to southern
594:and western
577:
560:
533:
516:
437:
430:Echinorhinus
429:
417:
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399:in the 1788
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193:Echinorhinus
192:
172:Squaliformes
55:
38:
18:
1580:NatureServe
1528:iNaturalist
1386:Wikispecies
1184:(4): 1119.
879:19 November
725:(including
723:bony fishes
660:New Zealand
654:, southern
650:, southern
544:dorsal fins
540:pelvic fins
522:; the tiny
444:Description
409:, from the
382:overfishing
350:bony fishes
335:dorsal fins
273:Smith, 1838
1690:Categories
1316:1042901090
1116:2012-03-25
1025:: 105–112.
833:References
683:upwellings
608:Mozambique
556:caudal fin
529:gill slits
394:naturalist
366:commercial
232:Bonnaterre
148:Subclass:
80:Endangered
815:lifespans
795:liver oil
731:catfishes
671:sea floor
656:Australia
638:. In the
636:Argentina
624:Louisiana
600:North Sea
584:temperate
524:spiracles
438:E. cookei
378:liver oil
330:temperate
200:Species:
118:Kingdom:
112:Eukaryota
1585:2.102789
1546:10759270
1502:FishBase
1481:46560197
1439:BioLib:
1377:Q1297550
1371:Wikidata
803:medicine
791:fishmeal
755:uteruses
753:and two
664:Kiribati
602:and the
592:Atlantic
580:tropical
548:anal fin
418:bruchios
388:Taxonomy
374:fishmeal
339:anal fin
326:tropical
255:Synonyms
178:Family:
132:Chordata
128:Phylum:
122:Animalia
108:Domain:
85:IUCN 3.1
1520:2421209
1186:Bibcode
759:embryos
751:ovaries
743:pharynx
737:), and
687:migrate
362:bycatch
313:in the
307:species
234:, 1788)
188:Genus:
168:Order:
138:Class:
83: (
1673:105922
1660:521344
1647:105922
1634:598313
1618:NZOR:
1611:862826
1559:160713
1494:124142
1455:179819
1442:138691
1427:ARKive
1314:
1304:
1219:
1155:
1064:
1000:
960:
907:
807:canoes
733:, and
679:slopes
634:, and
632:Brazil
628:Tobago
550:. The
352:, and
315:family
311:sharks
1668:WoRMS
1572:41801
1541:IRMNG
1533:99681
1489:EUNIS
1468:38KNZ
1298:(PDF)
1270:(PDF)
1244:(PDF)
1110:(PDF)
1095:(PDF)
739:crabs
652:Japan
648:India
563:mucus
411:Greek
354:crabs
1642:OBIS
1606:NCBI
1567:IUCN
1554:ITIS
1515:GBIF
1450:BOLD
1312:OCLC
1302:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1062:ISBN
998:ISBN
958:ISBN
905:ISBN
881:2021
864:2020
727:ling
677:and
644:Oman
582:and
534:The
414:brux
376:and
368:and
328:and
295:The
1593:NBN
1507:641
1476:EoL
1463:CoL
1414:AFD
1401:ADW
1194:doi
868:doi
801:as
781:in
777:by
721:),
416:or
364:of
309:of
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