56:
36:
101:
1659:
1685:
de Souza kodra, A.; M.N. Fernandes; W.L. Paxiúba Duncan (2014). "Effect of clearwater on osmoregulation of cururu ray, Potamotrygon sp. (Chondrichthes; Potamotrogonidae), an endemic species from blackwater river".
1193:
are clear and flow through rocky country, leading to the suggestion that sediments mainly originate from the lower parts. Furthermore, its chemistry and color may contradict each other compared to the traditional
1252:
area of Guyana towards the
Caribbean. Currently in the rainy season much of the Rupununi area floods, with water draining both to the Amazon (via the Branco River) and the Essequibo River.
764:; during floods headwaters of the Branco and those of the Essequibo are connected, allowing a level of exchange in the aquatic fauna (such as fish) between the two systems.
1788:
1751:
1457:
1705:
1635:
1546:
1401:
1185:, although the major seasonal fluctuations in its physico-chemical characteristics makes a classification difficult and some consider it
1248:
Until approximately 20,000 years ago the headwaters of the Branco River flowed not into the Amazon, but via the Takutu Graben in the
1307:
1299:
1427:
1568:
1275:
1177:
As suggested by its name, the Branco (literally "white" in
Portuguese) has whitish water that may appear almost milky due to the
733:
625:(Period: 1967-2010)2,436.76 m/s (86,053 cu ft/s) (Period: 1998-2022)3,129.97 m/s (110,534 cu ft/s)
1313:
407:
1424:"Hydrological Control on the Temporal Variability of Trace Element Concentration in the Amazon River and its Main Tributaries"
1488:
324:
243:
162:
1331:
1186:
1182:
17:
684:
1793:
1450:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1798:
1783:
1740:. Tese (Doutorado em Sensoriamento Remoto) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), São José dos Campos.
1213:
1203:
1512:
1713:
1451:"Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin"
1217:
1209:
767:
The Branco flows nearly south, and finds its way into the Negro through several channels and a chain of
1509:"Map of the Branco or Parimé River and of the Caratirimani Uararicapará Majari, Tacutú and Mahú Rivers"
1369:
1240:
with dark tea-colored acidic water (pH 3.5–4.5) that contains high levels of dissolved organic carbon.
1216:, in which he said: " is white to a remarkable degree, its waters being actually milky in appearance".
1598:
787:
Average, minimum and maximum discharge of the Branco River at near mouth. Period from 1998 to 2022.
705:
81:
1745:
1484:
South
America: Southern Venezuela, northern Brazil, western Guyana, and eastern Colombia (NT0124)
1397:
1233:
721:
612:
483:
385:
61:
48:
state, Brazil. The Macuxi Bridge, 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long, can be seen in the background.
41:
1737:
Evolução quaternária do Rio Branco - norte da Amazônia - com base em dados orbitais e geológicos
1212:
mentioned the coloration in "On the Rio Negro", a paper read at the 13 June 1853 meeting of the
771:
similar to those of the latter river. It is 350 miles (560 km) long, up to its
Uraricoera
1767:
1708:
Personal
Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America During the Years 1799-1804,
1631:
1587:"An explicit GIS-based river basin framework for aquatic ecosystem conservation in the Amazon"
1542:
1303:
1656:"Chemistry of different Amazonian water types for river classification: A preliminary review"
16:
This article is about the river in
Roraima, Brazil. For other rivers with the same name, see
1606:
1237:
753:
672:
660:
229:
225:
140:
1572:
1279:
761:
688:
1602:
1423:
779:, and, 235 miles (378 km) above its mouth, it is broken by a bad series of rapids.
1565:
656:
1272:
1777:
1655:
692:
680:
676:
487:
310:
1398:"River Discharge and Reservoir Storage Changes Using Satellite Microwave Radiometry"
1293:
1654:
Ríos-Villamizar, E.A.; M.T.F. Piedade; J.G. da Costa; J.M. Adeney; J. Junk (2013).
1195:
757:
652:
306:
136:
55:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
549:
1482:
1327:
370:
552:(400 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 124,980 km (48,260 sq mi)
1190:
772:
422:
409:
339:
326:
258:
245:
177:
164:
1611:
1586:
1178:
741:
717:
35:
1735:
1249:
1221:
389:
144:
45:
1539:
Earth's
Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features
776:
768:
749:
745:
393:
148:
106:
737:
1508:
1229:
1225:
566:(Period: 1998-2022)3,615.65 m/s (127,685 cu ft/s)
501:(Period: 1980-2006)5,300 m/s (190,000 cu ft/s)
1626:
Val, A.L.; V.M.F. de
Almeida-Val; D.J. Randall, eds. (2013).
1422:
Seyler, Patrick; Laurence
Maurice-Bourgoin; Jean Loup Guyot.
503:(Period: 1998-2022)6,469 m/s (228,500 cu ft/s)
499:(Period:1967-2010)5,400 m/s (190,000 cu ft/s)
1365:
1292:
Ziesler, R.; Ardizzone, G.D. (1979). "Amazon River System".
1199:
1236:
at the confluence of the two rivers. The Rio Negro is a
760:. The latter almost links its sources with those of the
586:
15,735 m/s (555,700 cu ft/s) (1976/07/10)
1300:
Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
1181:
sediments it carries. It is traditionally considered a
452:
560 km (350 mi) to 775 km (482 mi)
1232:. There is a visible contrast with the waters of the
1585:
Venticinque; Forsberg; Barthem; et al. (2016).
615:(Basin size: 97,200 km (37,500 sq mi)
736:ecoregion. It is enriched by many streams from the
666:
646:
638:
633:
619:
606:
598:
580:
576:
178 m/s (6,300 cu ft/s) (1998/03/24)
570:
556:
543:
535:
517:
507:
493:
476:
468:
456:
448:
438:
399:
379:
369:
355:
316:
300:
292:
274:
235:
219:
211:
193:
154:
129:
121:
112:
94:
89:
69:
28:
1768:Encyclopædia Britannica Online.com: "Branco River"
1628:Fish Physiology: The Physiology of Tropical Fishes
1366:"Amazon basin water resources observation service"
1649:
1647:
1541:. Vol. 1. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 142.
564:3,170.343 m/s (111,959.6 cu ft/s)
73:
460:192,392.66 km (74,283.22 sq mi)
523:28,697 m/s (1,013,400 cu ft/s)
8:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1532:
1530:
1198:river classifications. The Branco River has
1189:. Especially the river's upper parts at the
1750:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1710:(chapter 25). Henry G. Bohn, London, 1853"
1560:
1558:
1610:
1537:Quinn, J.A.; S.L. Woodward, eds. (2015).
752:. Its two upper main tributaries are the
1220:attributed the color to the presence of
789:
1265:
60:The Branco River is a tributary of the
1743:
1426:. Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM).
513:278 m/s (9,800 cu ft/s)
25:
1789:Tributaries of the Rio Negro (Amazon)
1515:from the original on 14 December 2013
1316:from the original on 8 November 2014.
7:
1295:The Inland waters of Latin America
14:
1430:from the original on 21 July 2011
1564:The Alfred Russel Wallace page:
734:Guayanan Highlands moist forests
562:(Period: 1997/01/01-2015/12/31)
99:
54:
34:
1662:from the original on 2021-02-14
1491:from the original on 2020-09-22
1463:from the original on 2023-10-14
1404:from the original on 2023-03-10
1372:from the original on 2023-09-08
1334:from the original on 2023-02-17
1770:. retrieved 19 September 2009.
401: • coordinates
318: • coordinates
237: • coordinates
156: • coordinates
1:
113:Physical characteristics
18:Branco River (disambiguation)
1487:, WWF: World Wildlife Fund,
440: • elevation
357: • elevation
340:1.796847000°N 60.027296000°W
280:1,240 m (4,070 ft)
276: • elevation
195: • elevation
178:3.024591000°N 60.487461000°W
608: • location
545: • location
478: • location
381: • location
302: • location
259:3.695069000°N 64.21000500°W
221: • location
131: • location
1815:
1575:Retrieved 10 October 2017.
1273:UOL. Turismo em Boa Vista.
1224:in the water, principally
1214:Royal Geographical Society
621: • average
582: • maximum
572: • minimum
558: • average
519: • maximum
509: • minimum
495: • average
361:306 m (1,004 ft)
345:1.796847000; -60.027296000
183:3.024591000; -60.487461000
15:
1706:"Alexander von Humboldt,
1511:. World Digital Library.
801:
798:
795:
792:
740:highlands which separate
629:
594:
590:
531:
527:
464:
365:
288:
284:
264:3.695069000; -64.21000500
207:
203:
117:
53:
33:
1204:dissolved organic carbon
668: • right
1612:10.5194/essd-8-651-2016
648: • left
199:64 m (210 ft)
1734:Cremon, É. H. (2016).
1449:Jamie, Towner (2019).
1282:Access on Feb 17 2012.
1218:Alexander von Humboldt
1202:6–7 and low levels of
709:
444:12 m (39 ft)
74:
1591:Earth Syst. Sci. Data
1210:Alfred Russel Wallace
732:The river drains the
423:1.39389°S 61.84611°W
64:(highlighted on map)
1603:2016ESSD....8..651V
775:. It has numerous
716:) is the principal
634:Basin features
428:-1.39389; -61.84611
419: /
336: /
255: /
174: /
1794:Boa Vista, Roraima
1571:2015-06-02 at the
1278:2016-03-03 at the
1799:Guayana Highlands
1784:Rivers of Roraima
1688:Scientia Amazonia
1637:978-0-12350-445-6
1566:On the Rio Negro.
1548:978-1-61069-445-2
1170:
1169:
698:
697:
1806:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1712:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1695:
1682:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1623:
1617:
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1614:
1582:
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1562:
1553:
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1534:
1525:
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1522:
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1505:
1499:
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1471:
1469:
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1455:
1446:
1440:
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1437:
1435:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1289:
1283:
1270:
1238:blackwater river
1183:whitewater river
802:Discharge (m/s)
796:Discharge (m/s)
790:
724:from the north.
669:
649:
622:
609:
583:
573:
559:
546:
520:
510:
496:
479:
434:
433:
431:
430:
429:
424:
420:
417:
416:
415:
412:
358:
351:
350:
348:
347:
346:
341:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
319:
303:
277:
270:
269:
267:
266:
265:
260:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
238:
230:Parima Mountains
222:
196:
189:
188:
186:
185:
184:
179:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
157:
132:
105:
103:
102:
85:
77:
58:
40:Branco River in
38:
26:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1774:
1773:
1764:
1759:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1663:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1573:Wayback Machine
1563:
1556:
1549:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1480:
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1475:
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1460:
1453:
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1433:
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1407:
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1396:
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1384:
1375:
1373:
1364:
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1346:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1310:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1280:Wayback Machine
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1246:
1175:
1173:Water chemistry
785:
730:
667:
647:
620:
607:
581:
571:
557:
544:
518:
508:
494:
477:
441:
427:
425:
421:
418:
413:
410:
408:
406:
405:
402:
382:
356:
344:
342:
338:
335:
330:
327:
325:
323:
322:
317:
301:
275:
263:
261:
257:
254:
249:
246:
244:
242:
241:
236:
220:
194:
182:
180:
176:
173:
169:60°29′14.8596″W
168:
165:
163:
161:
160:
155:
130:
100:
98:
79:
65:
49:
24:
23:River in Brazil
21:
12:
11:
5:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1726:
1697:
1672:
1643:
1636:
1630:. p. 27.
1618:
1597:(2): 651–661.
1577:
1554:
1547:
1526:
1500:
1481:Sears, Robin,
1473:
1441:
1414:
1382:
1344:
1328:"Branco-River"
1319:
1308:
1284:
1264:
1262:
1259:
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1254:
1245:
1242:
1174:
1171:
1168:
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1135:
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1131:
1128:
1125:
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1119:
1116:
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1038:
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1001:
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989:
986:
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868:
865:
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541:
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533:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
515:
514:
511:
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504:
497:
491:
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482:Confluence of
480:
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450:
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331:60°1′38.2656″W
328:1°47′48.6492″N
320:
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278:
272:
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250:64°12′36.018″W
247:3°41′42.2484″N
239:
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217:
216:
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209:
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205:
204:
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191:
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158:
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135:confluence of
133:
127:
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119:
118:
115:
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109:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
71:
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66:
59:
51:
50:
39:
31:
30:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1811:
1800:
1797:
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1781:
1779:
1769:
1766:
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1761:
1753:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1727:
1716:on 2016-03-03
1715:
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1315:
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1309:92-5-000780-9
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1288:
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1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1244:River capture
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1241:
1239:
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1028:
1025:
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1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
876:
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869:
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863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
826:
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821:
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815:
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791:
788:
782:
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778:
774:
770:
765:
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759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
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349:
321:
315:
312:
311:Guiana Shield
308:
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279:
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268:
240:
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187:
166:3°1′28.5276″N
159:
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97:
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88:
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76:
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68:
63:
57:
52:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
19:
1736:
1729:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1707:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1664:. Retrieved
1627:
1621:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1538:
1517:. Retrieved
1503:
1493:, retrieved
1483:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1444:
1432:. Retrieved
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1374:. Retrieved
1336:. Retrieved
1322:
1294:
1287:
1268:
1247:
1208:
1176:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1152:
786:
766:
731:
713:
702:Branco River
701:
699:
563:
500:
29:Branco River
1694:(1): 15–24.
714:White River
639:Tributaries
426: /
343: /
262: /
181: /
70:Native name
1778:Categories
1762:References
1720:2015-05-13
1666:2017-12-11
1495:2017-04-01
1467:2023-03-10
1408:2023-03-10
1376:2023-03-10
1338:2023-03-10
1191:headwaters
1187:clearwater
773:confluence
754:Uraricoera
710:Rio Branco
706:Portuguese
673:Uraricoera
457:Basin size
414:61°50′46″W
293:3rd source
226:Uraricoera
212:2nd source
141:Uraricoera
82:Portuguese
75:Rio Branco
1746:cite book
1256:Citations
1234:Rio Negro
1222:silicates
1196:Amazonian
1179:inorganic
783:Discharge
762:Essequibo
742:Venezuela
722:Rio Negro
689:Catrimani
613:Boa Vista
599:Discharge
550:Caracaraí
536:Discharge
484:Rio Negro
469:Discharge
411:1°23′38″S
386:Rio Negro
62:Rio Negro
42:Boa Vista
1660:Archived
1569:Archived
1519:27 April
1513:Archived
1489:archived
1458:Archived
1428:Archived
1402:Archived
1370:Archived
1332:Archived
1314:Archived
1276:Archived
1250:Rupununi
756:and the
718:affluent
712:; Engl:
90:Location
1599:Bibcode
1434:24 July
1133:23,631
1121:10,735
1107:23,180
1095:17,280
1081:16,564
1069:15,118
1055:15,859
1043:22,644
1029:17,912
1017:19,893
1003:16,449
991:11,959
977:11,677
965:13,320
951:10,416
939:18,760
925:15,489
913:17,791
899:13,229
887:28,697
873:17,944
861:22,576
847:16,815
835:16,435
777:islands
769:lagoons
720:of the
693:Xeruini
685:Univini
681:Ajarani
677:Mucajai
661:Itapará
488:Roraima
390:Roraima
145:Roraima
95:Country
46:Roraima
1634:
1545:
1306:
1165:28,697
1147:8,040
1144:2,754
1130:9,087
1127:1,810
1118:4,318
1104:8,828
1101:1,712
1092:7,630
1089:2,739
1078:7,216
1075:1,567
1066:7,271
1052:5,205
1040:9,899
1037:2,457
1026:6,653
1014:7,868
1000:7,437
997:2,258
988:4,244
974:4,316
962:4,375
948:3,983
936:5,219
933:1,271
922:6,384
919:1,117
910:6,551
896:6,493
893:1,377
884:9,725
881:2,506
870:8,381
867:2,135
858:9,538
855:1,792
844:5,008
832:5,664
758:Takutu
750:Brazil
746:Guyana
653:Takutu
642:
602:
539:
472:
449:Length
394:Brazil
375:
307:Takutu
296:
215:
149:Brazil
137:Takutu
125:
122:Source
107:Brazil
104:
78:
44:city,
1461:(PDF)
1454:(PDF)
1261:Notes
1159:6,469
1138:2010
1124:2022
1112:2009
1098:2021
1086:2008
1072:2020
1060:2007
1046:2019
1034:2006
1020:2018
1008:2005
994:2017
982:2004
968:2016
956:2003
942:2015
930:2002
916:2014
904:2001
890:2013
878:2000
864:2012
852:1999
838:2011
827:1998
819:Mean
810:Mean
799:Year
793:Year
748:from
738:Tepui
728:Basin
657:Anauá
371:Mouth
1752:link
1632:ISBN
1543:ISBN
1521:2013
1436:2010
1304:ISBN
1230:talc
1228:and
1226:mica
1141:278
1115:486
1063:845
1049:625
1023:777
1011:729
985:756
971:435
959:640
945:772
907:788
841:454
822:Max
816:Min
813:Max
807:Min
744:and
700:The
139:and
1607:doi
1153:278
1780::
1748:}}
1744:{{
1690:.
1675:^
1658:.
1646:^
1605:.
1593:.
1589:.
1557:^
1529:^
1456:.
1400:.
1385:^
1368:.
1347:^
1330:.
1312:.
1302:.
1298:.
1206:.
1200:pH
708::
691:,
687:,
683:,
679:,
675:,
659:,
655:,
486:,
392:,
388:,
309:,
228:,
147:,
143:,
1754:)
1723:.
1692:3
1669:.
1640:.
1615:.
1609::
1601::
1595:8
1551:.
1523:.
1470:.
1438:.
1411:.
1379:.
1341:.
704:(
84:)
80:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
