31:
120:("Royal Prussian Society of Sciences"). While other Academies focused on a few topics, the Prussian Academy was the first to teach both sciences and humanities. In 1710, the Academy statute was set, dividing the Academy into two sciences and two humanities classes. This was not changed until 1830, when the physics-mathematics and the philosophy-history classes replaced the four old classes.
266:
Beginning in 1815, research businesses led by
Academy committees (such as the Greek-Roman Archeology Committee or the Oriental Committee) were founded at the Academy. They employed mostly scientists to work alongside the corresponding committee's members. University departments emanated from some of
305:
employees and members were expelled starting in 1933, Jewish
Academy members were not expelled until 1938, following a direct request by the Ministry of Education. The new Academy statute went into effect on 8 June 1939, reorganizing the Academy according to the Nazi leadership principle (the
140:("Royal Academy of Sciences"). An obligation from the new statute were public calls for ideas on unsolved scientific questions with a monetary reward for solutions. The Academy acquired its own research facilities in the 18th century, including an
190:. Frederick made French the official language and speculative philosophy the most important topic of study. The membership was strong in mathematics and philosophy, and included notable philosophers such as
732:
234:
as the vehicle for scientific advance. By 1789, however, the academy had gained an international repute while making major contributions to German culture and thought. Frederick invited
972:
226:, argued that the action of individuals was shaped by the character of the institution that contained them, and they worked for the glory of the state. By contrast, d'Alembert took a
967:
962:
364:
952:
787:
942:
247:
937:
100:, who was appointed president. Unlike other Academies, the Prussian Academy was not directly funded out of the state treasury. Frederick granted it the
412:
320:
70:, or "Arts Academy," to which "Berlin Academy" may also refer. In the 18th century, when French was the language of science and culture, it was a
957:
947:
932:
609:
30:
877:
860:
718:
333:
206:. However, the academy was in a crisis for two decades at mid-century, due to scandals and internal rivalries such as the debates between
904:
869:
Vertrieben aus rassistischen GrĂĽnden. Ausstellung im Rahmen des
Berliner Themenjahres 2013 „Zerstörte Vielfalt. Berlin 1933–1938–1945“
774:
496:
347:
851:
A History of more than 300 Years. Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Formerly the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
711:
A History of more than 300 Years. Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Formerly the Prussian Academy of Sciences.
977:
866:
636:
161:
460:
430:
380:
251:
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control over various aspects of society. However, compared with other institutions, such as the universities where
242:
as director; both were world-class mathematicians. Other intellectuals attracted to the philosopher's kingdom were
199:
89:
550:
484:
386:
97:
466:
448:
371:
of Berlin and
Brandenburg. Sixty of the AdW members broke off and created the private Leibniz Society in 1993.
67:
182:, notes that before Frederick ascended the throne in 1740, the academy was overshadowed by similar bodies in
848:
538:
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392:
219:
129:
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85:
532:
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17:
873:
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605:
308:
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35:
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published religious writings in Berlin which would have been censored elsewhere in Europe.
567:
298:
292:
276:
109:
71:
51:
579:
556:
406:
351:). At its height, the AdW had 400 researchers and 24,000 employees in locations across
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141:
849:
President of the Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Pub.)
709:
President of the Berlin-Brandenburg
Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Pub.)
490:
223:
211:
157:
167:
As a French-language institution its publications were in French such as the
914:
Scholars and
Literati at the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (1700–1800)
767:
Die
Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften: ihre Mitglieder und Preisträger.
367:") was founded in its place, in compliance with a 1992 treaty between the
418:
215:
105:
101:
683:
Mary Terrall, "The Culture of Science in Frederick the Great's Berlin,"
662:
132:("Frederick the Great") saw major changes to the Academy. In 1744, the
59:
663:"History of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
222:. At a higher level, Maupertuis, the director from 1746 to 1759 and a
169:
Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences et belles lettres de Berlin
788:"Heinrich Wild – Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften"
183:
108:
in Brandenburg, a suggestion from Leibniz. As Frederick was crowned "
63:
475:, corresponding member 1857; foreign member 1870; proper member 1871
230:
rather than monarchical approach and emphasized the international
187:
29:
96:("Electoral Brandenburg Society of Sciences") upon the advice of
696:
Hans Aarsleff, "The Berlin Academy under Frederick the Great,"
302:
867:
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Hrsg.):
214:
views, and the personality conflicts between the philosopher
553:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
547:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
535:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
529:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
523:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
517:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
511:, corresponding member, 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
733:"The Prussian Academy of Sciences during the Third Reich"
541:, corresponding member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
403:
Gassen von Stein, Vice President, Doctor and member; 1732
94:
Kurfürstlich Brandenburgische Societät der Wissenschaften
830:"Latest intelligence – The Berlin Academy of Sciences".
637:"Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities"
34:
Entrance to the former Prussian Academy of Sciences on
905:
Conference Reports of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
297:
a "Nazification" process that was established to take
665:. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
365:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
160:
in 1753. However, those were later taken over by the
834:. No. 36094. London. 20 March 1900. p. 6.
505:, foreign member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
499:, foreign member 1900 (bi-centenary of the academy)
361:
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften
290:from 1933 to 1945, the Academy was subject to the
737:Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy
136:and the Society of Sciences were merged into the
763:Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften
631:
629:
627:
118:Königlich Preußische Sozietät der Wissenschaften
92:, Germany founded the Academy under the name of
66:, Germany on 11 July 1700, four years after the
56:Königlich-Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften
973:Educational institutions disestablished in 1992
576:, corresponding member 1920; proper member 1930
329:Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
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8:
968:Educational institutions established in 1700
963:Scientific organizations established in 1700
918:Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae – RETE
731:Notzoldt, Peter; Walther, Peter Th. (2004).
171:which was published between 1745 and 1796.
600:
598:
596:
337:) on 1 July 1946. In 1972, it was renamed
327:reorganized the Academy under the name of
953:Scientific organisations based in Germany
321:Soviet Military Administration in Germany
610:MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
592:
897:History of the Academy of the Sciences
893:, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
433:, Lieutenant General, 30 November 1753
138:Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften
687:Dec 1990, Vol. 28 Issue 4, pp 333–364
7:
761:30. November 1753 Ehrenmitglied der
700:May 1989, Vol. 2 Issue 2, pp 193–206
359:, the Academy was disbanded and the
334:German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
943:Universities and colleges in Berlin
639:. Akademienunion.de. Archived from
339:Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
48:Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences
25:
938:1992 disestablishments in Germany
497:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
279:presented his field equations of
196:Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert
27:College in Berlin from 1700–1946
721:(English and German), p. 59-69.
606:"The Berlin Academy of Science"
18:Brandenburg Society of Sciences
958:National academies of sciences
948:Organizations based in Prussia
933:1700 establishments in Prussia
769:Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1992,
698:History of the Human Sciences,
348:Academy of Sciences of the GDR
1:
891:The Berlin Academy of Science
481:, corresponding member, 1881.
267:these businesses after 1945.
174:A linguistics historian from
150:Collegium medico-chirurgicum
130:King Frederick II of Prussia
461:Heinrich Friedrich von Diez
431:Asmus Ehrenreich von Bredow
381:Christoph Ludwig von Stille
252:Julien Offray de La Mettrie
134:Nouvelle Société Littéraire
994:
545:Francis Llewellyn Griffith
200:Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis
116:, the Academy was renamed
551:Frederic William Maitland
533:Sir John Pentland Mahaffy
521:Sir John Burdon-Sanderson
485:Ferdinand Georg Frobenius
389:, founding president 1700
387:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
346:
332:
104:on producing and selling
98:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
467:Friedrich Schleiermacher
449:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
288:the rule of Nazi Germany
112:" in 1701, creating the
68:Prussian Academy of Arts
765:. See Werner Hartkopf:
539:Alexander Stuart Murray
437:Johann Heinrich Lambert
393:Jacob Paul von Gundling
74:-language institution.
38:8. Today it houses the
978:Frederick I of Prussia
515:Henry Augustus Rowland
463:, honorary member 1814
248:Jean-Baptiste de Boyer
218:and the mathematician
55:
43:
473:Hermann von Helmholtz
457:, foreign member 1786
451:, foreign member 1769
443:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
427:, foreign member 1751
415:, foreign member 1746
400:, foreign member 1714
236:Joseph-Louis Lagrange
33:
863:(English and German)
582:, proper member 1938
570:, proper member 1914
559:, proper member 1905
509:Josiah Willard Gibbs
503:Friedrich Max MĂĽller
493:, proper member 1894
487:, proper member 1893
469:, proper member 1810
357:German Reunification
275:On 25 November 1915
204:Etienne de Condillac
176:Princeton University
162:University of Berlin
40:Berlin State Library
871:, BBAW, Berlin 2013
713:BBAW, Berlin 2009,
685:History of Science,
244:Francesco Algarotti
232:Republic of Letters
124:Frederick the Great
383:1696–1752, curator
281:general relativity
146:anatomical theater
114:Kingdom of Prussia
44:
878:978-3-939818-48-9
861:978-3-939818-14-4
853:BBAW, Berlin 2009
719:978-3-939818-14-4
479:Heinrich von Wild
398:Dimitrie Cantemir
369:State Parliaments
16:(Redirected from
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283:to the Academy.
154:botanical garden
36:Unter Den Linden
21:
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988:
987:
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843:Further reading
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643:on 27 June 2013
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568:Albert Einstein
377:
375:Notable members
293:Gleichschaltung
277:Albert Einstein
273:
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156:in 1718; and a
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110:King in Prussia
80:
62:established in
28:
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935:
925:
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921:
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902:
894:
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884:External links
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779:
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723:
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580:Hermann Grapow
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557:Philipp Lenard
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240:Leonhard Euler
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83:Prince-elector
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910:at wikisource
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612:. August 2004
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455:Immanuel Kant
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425:Denis Diderot
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256:Immanuel Kant
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192:Immanuel Kant
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180:Hans Aarsleff
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128:The reign of
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86:Frederick III
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795:. Retrieved
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745:. Retrieved
743:(4): 421–444
740:
736:
726:
710:
705:
697:
692:
684:
679:
667:. Retrieved
657:
645:. Retrieved
641:the original
614:. Retrieved
360:
355:. Following
353:East Germany
342:
338:
328:
324:
317:World War II
314:
307:
299:totalitarian
291:
285:
274:
271:20th century
265:
262:19th century
208:Newtonianism
173:
168:
166:
149:
144:in 1709; an
137:
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127:
117:
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47:
45:
908:(in German)
900:(in German)
792:www.bbaw.de
563:Fritz Haber
413:Montesquieu
238:to succeed
152:in 1723; a
148:in 1717; a
142:observatory
90:Brandenburg
927:Categories
889:MacTutor,
797:2023-10-12
587:References
574:Kurt Sethe
491:Max Planck
345:(English:
331:(English:
315:Following
228:republican
224:monarchist
220:Maupertuis
212:Leibnizian
158:laboratory
832:The Times
445:1766–1786
439:, c. 1763
421:, c. 1750
409:1741–1766
323:, or SMAD
106:calendars
58:) was an
419:Voltaire
216:Voltaire
102:monopoly
777:, S. 45
747:14 June
669:14 June
647:14 June
616:14 June
78:Origins
60:academy
876:
859:
773:
717:
319:, the
303:Jewish
286:Under
250:, and
202:, and
184:London
72:French
64:Berlin
52:German
188:Paris
874:ISBN
857:ISBN
771:ISBN
749:2013
715:ISBN
671:2013
649:2013
618:2013
210:and
186:and
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343:AdW
341:or
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