Bradley Fighting Vehicle - Knowledge (XXG)

1341: 1027:" tests in which weapons would be fired at the Bradley that were known to be able to easily penetrate its armor, including Russian ordnance. Burton saw attempts to avoid such tests as dishonest, while the BRL saw them as wasteful, as they already knew the vehicle would fail. The disagreements became so contentious that testing was suspended, while a congressional inquiry resulted. Additional improvements to vehicle survivability were added to production vehicles by 1988. Though Burton's actions accelerated the implementation of these changes, the changes themselves were almost wholly the work of the BRL. 671: 505: 42: 813:, an IFV version of the M113A1. It had a one-man turret mounting a 25 mm gun, a sealed environment, and firing ports. The vehicle weight was 15 tons. The upper sides of the vehicle were sloped and spaced steel armor plates were added to improve protection. Firing ports for the passengers were added and a M139 20 mm cannon was added to the commander's cupola. The U.S. Army rejected it due to limited mobility, which would have prevented it from keeping pace with the proposed MBT-70. The other alternate vehicle was the 1301: 1546: 612: 1199: 659:

system was supposed to enter service in 2012, but the Bradley became too heavy and the kit did not make it survivable enough. A newer BUSK III kit is now available for Bradleys incorporating a blastproof fuel cell, a blast-resistant driver seat, a turret survivability system, and an emergency ramp release. This kit was recently installed on 236 M2A3 Bradleys in South Korea and is scheduled next to be added to Bradleys of the 4th Infantry Division.

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blast tests demonstrated that AMPV survivability requirements could be met with a Bradley platform. BAE projected their AMPV submission to have similar operating costs to the M113 and lower costs than an M2 Bradley, as the platform's most expensive components are related to the omitted turret. To better accommodate modern electronics, the turretless Bradley has 78% more internal space than the M113, and two 400-amp generators.

798: 716: 1585: 925: 561: 1218:(OMFV). The NGCV program was expanded as a portfolio of next-generation vehicles including tanks and the Bradley-based Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, a successor to the M113 family. This program placed much of the cost burden of development on contractors, causing many competitors to drop out. In February 2020, the Army restarted the program, promising to take on more responsibility for funding. 1599: 1571: 1557: 1634: 847: 1483: 829: 708:. To work in such an environment, an IFV would have to have a life support system that protected from outside contaminants, while allowing the soldiers to fight from inside the vehicle. The earliest specification, from 1958, called for a vehicle of no more than 8 tons, mounting a turret with a 20 mm autocannon and a 7.62 mm machine gun, with sealed 1118:, the US donated about 190 Bradleys to Ukraine's armed forces. Ukraine's first documented use of Bradleys occurred in the Zaporizhzhia region after Ukraine launched its southern counteroffensive in June 2023. An early assault near Mala Tokmachka on June 8 was unsuccessful, and imagery showed that Ukraine lost at least 17 Bradleys of M2 variant. On 19 July, 1227: 743: 918:

risks. An additional study, the IFV/CFV Special Study Group, evaluated whether an improved version of the M113 could be used instead of the M2/3 IFV. Their conclusion was that extensive redesign would be necessary for even marginal improvements in M113 derivatives. In October 1978, Congress reauthorized procurement funds.

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The XM2/3 passed the Army Systems Acquisition Review Council Milestone III review in 1979. In December 1979, the XM2 and XM3 were type classified as the M2 and M3 respectively. Final approval for production came from the Secretary of Defense in February 1980. In October 1981 the vehicle was named the

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To adapt the XM723 to a reconnaissance role, as well as an IFV, the turret was replaced in 1976 with a two-man turret mounting a 25 mm Bushmaster cannon and TOW missiles. This was the TBAT-II (Tow Bushmaster Armored Turret, Two Man) design. A two-man turret design put the commander in a position

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rather than the M113. FMC began construction of the XM723 prototype, which was completed in 1973. The XM723 weighed 21 tons, had spaced aluminum armor proofed against 14.5 mm fire, had a crew of three plus eight infantry, firing ports for the infantry, and a one-man turret with a 20 mm gun.

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until the passengers dismounted. After that they could not repressurize without fear of contamination, but they could plug their suits into the vehicle's filtration system. The vehicle was 9 ft (2.7 m) high, 20 ft (6.1 m) long, and 10 ft (3.0 m) wide. The rising costs of

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Initial variants had six ports, but the side ports were plated over with the armor configuration on the A2 and A3 variants, leaving only the two rear-facing mounts in the loading ramp. No versions of the M3 CFV carry firing port weapons. Early versions had all six firing port mounts fitted and plated

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being developed by BAE that resembles a tank and makes extensive use of components from the Bradley Combat Systems program to reduce costs and simplify maintenance. It is designed to be remotely operated from a BFV commander's station while riding mounted, as well as being controllable by dismounted

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Burton was ordered to transfer from his post at OSD, prompting yet more congressional scrutiny. Burton retired from the Air Force rather than accept the new post. The House Armed Services Committee found that Burton's claims of malfeasance were rather due to "a long-standing fundamental disagreement

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The first BFVs came off the production line in May 1980. The Army accepted delivery of the first production vehicles in May 1981. The first combat unit to be equipped with Bradleys (four M2s and six M3s), in March 1983, was the 1st Battalion, 41st (Mechanized) Infantry, 2nd Armored Division. Several

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Based upon this criticism, the OMB deleted M2/3 funding from the budget for the 1979 financial year. In 1978, the Crizer report asserted that the basic design was consistent with doctrine, and that development of an IFV with superior characteristics would be costly and pose significant developmental

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Congress was questioning the development of the XM2 due to the high losses incurred by Soviet built BMP-1s in the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Congress suggested the development of a more heavily armored vehicle. The Army argued against this due to concerns about cost, weight, and development time. In 1977,

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BAE said that they have the capability to build up to eight AMPV platforms per day, the same as the Bradley during the height of its production, as both vehicles share the same production line and supply base. A mortar carrier vehicle can be converted from the original Bradley in 40 days. Underbody

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The Bradley is highly capable in cross-country open terrain, in accordance with one of the main design objectives of keeping pace with the M1 Abrams main battle tank. The Bradley was initially designed to float by deploying a flotation curtain around the vehicle, allowing it to "swim" at a speed of

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U.S. General Accounting Office, 10 January 1992. Quote: "According to information provided by the Army's Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, 20 Bradleys were destroyed during the Gulf war. Another 12 Bradleys were damaged, but four of these were quickly repaired. Friendly

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For the U.S. Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) program to replace the M113, BAE offered a variant of the Bradley. The AMPV submission was a turretless Bradley chassis, but US Army requirements favored providing greater cargo space, increased armor, upgraded engine and electrical systems.

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The Army's Bradley replacement effort was restarted under the Future Fighting Vehicle (FFV) program. In May 2015, General Dynamics and BAE Systems, the two prime contractors involved with the GCV, were awarded contracts to develop design concepts for the FFV. In June 2018, the Army established the

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When testing the Bradley, disagreements occurred between Burton and the Aberdeen Proving Ground's Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL), which preferred smaller, more controlled, "building block" tests. They claimed such limited, and according to Burton, completely unrealistic, testing would improve

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Bradley production concluded in 1995, with a total of 6,724 Bradleys (4,641 M2s and 2,083 M3s) produced for the U.S. Army. The total cost of the program was $ 5.7 billion, and the average unit cost $ 3.2 million. This was despite an unmet requirement by the U.S. Army for 8,709 Bradleys as of 1992.

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The BUSK kit adds 3 tons to the vehicle's weight. Because of this, a major upgrade was planned. Additional upgrades included a stronger, 800 horsepower engine, a larger main gun, lighter armor, improved sensors and cameras to give a 360° view outside, and an improved fire extinguisher system. This

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with an integrated dual-feed mechanism and remote feed selection. The cannon carries 300 rounds of ammunition in two ready boxes (one of 70 rounds, the other of 230 rounds), with an extra 600 rounds in storage for the M2 Infantry Fighting Vehicle variant or 1,200 stowed rounds for the M3 Cavalry

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on the M2 and M2A1 versions only. Four ports were removed on the sides of the vehicle on the M2A2 and A3 versions, and only two in the ramp remain. These ports allow passengers to engage the enemy from within the protection of the Bradley vehicle. These firing ports are almost always covered by

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The prototypes had the following characteristics: a weight of 25–27 tons, depending on an aluminum or steel hull; a 425 hp diesel engine; a two-man turret with a 20 mm gun; a crew of three plus nine infantry equipped with firing ports; a built-in toilet; armor that was proof against Soviet

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kit. It decreases the vulnerability of Bradleys in urban environments. The kit includes a more powerful spotlight, a wire mesh protector to keep the optics from getting scratched, and nonconductive arched strips of nylon that push away fallen electrical wires (power line protection) that would

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The use of aluminum armor and the storage of large quantities of ammunition in the vehicle initially raised questions about its combat survivability. Spaced laminate belts and high-hardness steel skirts have been added to improve the side protection of later versions, while overall weight was

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launcher capable of carrying two loaded missiles. The missiles, capable of destroying most tanks to a maximum range of 13,000 ft (4,000 m), can only be fired while the vehicle is stationary. The Bradley carries a coaxial 7.62 mm medium machine gun to the right of the chain gun.

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bottom replaces the flat base. These changes created a wholly new chassis design that is based on and shares common components with the Bradley but is a distinctly new vehicle. The AMPV has several modular roof sections to adapt to each role. For fuel efficiency, BAE has considered using a

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In October 2017, BAE displayed an updated version of the Bradley Linebacker called the M-SHORAD (Mobile Short-Range Air Defense) equipped with a pMHR (portable multi-mission hemispheric radar) search radar mounted around the turret, a fire-control radar, and a jammer on top of the turret to

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In October 1976, the Army accepted a number of recommendations put forward by the MICV Task Force formed earlier that year. The Army would combine the roles of scout and IFV, as the previous Armored Reconnaissance Scout Vehicle had been canceled. The Army agreed to make the armor protection

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endanger crews, additional armor on the underside, and a bullet-resistant transparent shield for the commander outside the turret. It includes sensors and a software package to quickly detect when components are wearing out, and simulation software so gunners can train more realistically.

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missile system. From 2005 to 2006, M6 Linebackers had their Stinger missile systems removed and were converted to standard M2 Bradley ODS IFVs. By 2017, the US Army was exploring reintroducing air defense Bradleys with the reemergence of hostile aerial threats.

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The MICV program continued on, and in 1972, the Army solicited proposals for the MICV. In November 1972, the Army awarded FMC a contract to develop the XM723. This vehicle was similar to the XM765, but had improved armor and speed. It shared components with the

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The Bradley BCV allows brigade commanders to move around the battlefield away from their command post. The BCV integrates an enhanced command and control communication suite to maintain digital interface with maneuver forces and the Tactical Operations Center.

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instead of the Bradley. Although the tracked Bradley has better mobility on soft ground, the wheeled Stryker has sufficient mobility to perform tactical air defense while also having greater weight, space, and electrical power capacity to make upgrades.

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program in 1999. This family of 18-ton lightweight tracked vehicles centered around a common chassis. It would consist of eight variants, including infantry carriers, scouting vehicles and main battle tanks. FCS was canceled in 2009 due to budget cuts.

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tanks at close range are reported. A total of 20 Bradleys were lost—three by enemy fire and 17 due to friendly fire incidents. Another 12 were damaged. The gunner of one Bradley was killed when his vehicle was hit by Iraqi fire, possibly from an Iraqi

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the Vietnam War left less money to go around in the Pentagon's procurement budget. The XM701 project had several technical shortcomings. It had poor mobility relative to upcoming designs such as the MBT-70, and it could not be carried aboard a

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over testing methodology and, more importantly, the inability of OSD and the Army to reach an agreement on how the test is conducted. ...The Army has complied with many of Colonel Burton's issues of concern over the past several years."

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the databases used to model vehicle survivability, as opposed to full tests with random shots that would provide a far more accurate picture of its performance under real battlefield conditions, but produce less useful statistical data.

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In 1977, the MICV was renamed the XM2. The scout version became the XM3. These comprised the two variants of the Fighting Vehicle System. A third variant, called the General Support Rocket System, which later entered production as the

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to maintain momentum with the main force while conducting engineer and sapper operations. The ESV is equipped with standard combat engineering equipment and can employ unique mission equipment packages for obstacle neutralization.

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BAE Systems rolled out the first AMPV prototype on 15 December 2016. Funding allows for 160 vehicles to be produced per year as of 2016, which is enough to field one and a half brigades. The 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team,

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vehicle. Instead of holding six infantrymen in the payload compartment, it is designed to seat two scouts and hold additional radios and ammunition. Lacking are the six external firing ports present on the M2 Bradley IFV.

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Fighting Vehicle variant. The two ready-boxes allow a selectable mix of rounds, such as the M791 APDS-T (Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (with) Tracer) and M792 HEI-T (High Explosive Incendiary (with) Tracer) rounds. The

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official, advocated the use of comprehensive live fire tests on fully loaded military vehicles to evaluate their survivability. The Army and Air Force agreed and established the joint live fire testing program in 1984.

3320: 2843: 2037: 820:, which mounted a 20 mm autocannon, relatively strong steel armor, and full CBR protection. The U.S. Army rejected it due to it not being amphibious, too large and heavy for air transport, and too expensive. 1245:

The M2 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) consists of five variants: the M2, M2A1, M2A2, M2A2 ODS (Operation Desert Storm improvements), and M2A3. Their main mission is to provide protected transport of an

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attacks, but casualties were light with the crew able to escape. In 2006, total losses included 55 Bradleys destroyed and some 700 others damaged. By the end of the war, about 150 Bradleys had been destroyed.

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team. The MANPADS-Under-Armor (MUA) dismounted Stinger team concept of the BSFV left the operators exposed, so it was replaced by the M6 Linebacker, which retained the dismounted Stinger missile capability.

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program. The Army studied creating several vehicle variants under a common heavy chassis to replace main battle tanks and Bradleys. This effort was canceled in 1992 due to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

4185: 1089:. To remedy some problems that were identified as contributing factors in the friendly fire incidents, infrared identification panels and other marking/identification measures were added to the Bradleys. 3050: 1532:: The vehicle was visually similar to the M2 Bradley on which it is based. Some ammunition space was eliminated in order to accommodate communications equipment and workstations for battle commanders. 599:(FPWs), providing a means for the occupants to fire from within the vehicle and replacing the top-side gunners on the M113-based Armored Cavalry Assault Vehicles, although the M231 is rarely employed. 3740:

We are here at the Port of Beirut to mark the delivery of eight M2A2 Bradley Fighting Vehicles. These are the very first of a total shipment of 32 Bradleys that will be delivered in the coming months.

3802: 3461: 2892:"Avdiivka. Unprecedented drone footage showing a pair of US-supplied M2A2 Bradley IFVs in Ukrainian service engaging in a nearly 10 minute duel with a Russian T-90M MBT, successfully disabling it" 2463: 3561: 955:, but it was decided the Bradley name would apply to both, since both vehicles are based on the same chassis. They differ in only some details. The M2 carries a crew of three and a six-man 3577: 3484: 1148:

As of 3 September 2024, 100 of the donated Bradleys had been confirmed destroyed, damaged, abandoned or captured (48 destroyed, 25 damaged, 23 damaged and abandoned, 4 captured) by the

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In December 1963, the Army Combat Developments Command studied the concept for a "Post 1965 Infantry Combat Vehicle", later the MICV. In the interim, the Army planned upgrades to the

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The Bradley consists of two types of vehicles, the M2 Infantry Fighting Vehicle and the M3 Cavalry Fighting Vehicle. The M3 CFV was originally planned to be named after General

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with a better view of the battlefield. The TOW missiles give the vehicle a strong antiarmor capability. The value of anti-tank missiles had been well established in the 1973

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The M270 MLRS is composed of two major sections, a M269 Launcher Loader Module mated to a M993 carrier vehicle. The M993 carrier vehicle portion is a modified BFV chassis.

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were selected for evaluation. Concerns grew around the vehicle's proposed weight of around 70 tons. The GCV was cancelled in 2014 due to sequestration budget cuts.

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comparable to the XM723. The TBAT-II turret with its 25 mm cannon and a TOW-missile launcher in the two-man turret would be used for the both vehicles.

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suite is replaced by target location equipment, integrated with the Bradley ISU sight unit. It carries equipment for use by dismounted observers. A hybrid

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into close contact with the enemy, the M2 can provide overwatching fire to dismounting infantrymen. It is adequately armored to provide protection against

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We in TRADOC… decided to put the TOW on the MICV because we realized that if we did not put the TOW on the MICV, we would probably never have a MICV.

4205: 878:. The added political advantage was that the TOW missiles made it an easier sell to Congress, as it was a new capability not possessed by the M113. 2872: 2388: 3492: 2449: 3135: 548:

penetrator similar in concept to armor-piercing munitions used in modern tanks. The M919 was used in combat during the 2003 invasion phase of

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for the U.S. Army. 1,600 to 2,000 older Bradleys remain in Army depots as of 2017. Some of these Bradleys will be taken from these stocks.

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On 12 January 2024, video emerged of a pair of Ukrainian M2A2 Bradleys from the 47th Mechanized Brigade engaging and disabling a Russian

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recommended that the service once again pursue the development of an MICV. The Army opened a new program manager's office later in 1968.

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20 mm autocannon. This test bed saw limited service in Vietnam, from 1967 to 1972, where it received positive feedback from troops.

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14.5 mm MG fire beyond a certain range; a collective and overpressure CBR system; amphibious. The filtration system provided a

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Remanufacture of A0 variants to A2 standard began at the same time. As of 2017, 2,907 Bradleys are slated to be modified to become

762:. The first XM701 prototype was delivered in 1965 and testing was completed in 1966. The XM701 shared components with the M107 and 2814: 1520:

was the first unit to be equipped with the AMPV in March 2023. A contract for full-rate production was awarded in September 2023.

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Even after the troubled development history of the Bradley additional problems occurred after production started. Air Force Col.

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The Bradley and How It Got That Way: Technology, Institutions, and the Problem of Mechanized Infantry in the United States Army

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years later, the unit commander, Lt. Col. Franklin W. Trapnell, Jr., became the Army's system manager for the Bradley program.

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Diane L. Urbina. "Lethal beyond all expectations: The Bradley Fighting Vehicle"—in chapter 12 of George F. Hofmann and

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The M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle (CFV) is virtually identical to the M2 Bradley except that it is equipped as a

1115: 1098: 758:, Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicle. In 1964, the Army solicited bids for the MICV-65, awarding the contract for the 3803:"Κοσμογονία στον Ελληνικό Στρατό: Ερχονται ελικόπτερα OH-58D Kiowa Warrior, ΤΟΜΑ M2 Bradley & Hellfire AGM-114L!" 2836:"25 Tanks And Fighting Vehicles, Gone In A Blink: The Ukrainian Defeat Near Mala Tokmachka Was Worst Than We Thought" 2750: 662:

As of late July 2023, Ukrainian Bradleys have been fitted with BUSK upgraded armor and Bradley Reactive Armor Tiles.

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An air defense variant, these vehicles are modified M2A2 ODSs with the TOW missile system replaced with a four-tube

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additional armor kits and a Bradley with them operable is rare. The proper use of M231 FPWs was rare in practice.

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The Army conducts tests of an Advanced Running Gear using a Bradley Fighting Vehicle as a surrogate for the OMFV

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The M2 Bradley unit cost is $ 1.11 million (FY 1993 constant dollars) US$ 1.84M in 2016 (inflation adjusted).

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FMC delivered eight XM2 prototypes to the Army beginning in December 1978 and progressing through March 1979.

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which added firing ports. The .50 caliber machine gun was replaced with a twin machine gun cupola or an

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using either 100 or 300 rounds per minute, accurate to 1.9 mi (3,000 metres). It is armed with a

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From 1969 to 1970, the Army looked at two alternate vehicles that could be fielded more quickly. The

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fire and artillery, and able to combat any vehicle on the battlefield using its TOW missiles.

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stated an interest in acquiring the Bradley in 1989 and began importing the vehicle in 1990.

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converted two M2 Bradleys to this configuration, which the Army tested at Fort Hood in 1997.

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or scouts with armor protection, while providing covering fire to suppress enemy troops and

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Soldiers from the 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment load into the rear of an M2 Bradley in Iraq.

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NSIAD-92-94, "Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams".

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in Texarkana, Texas, is responsible for maintenance and repair of the Bradley system.

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caused additional interest in the MICV program, which concluded its studies in 1968.

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and a tank-killer. One design requirement specified that it should be as fast as the

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over. Newer versions retain the two ramp-mounted firing ports, though plated over.

526: 405: 456:. Some 2,907 surplus Bradleys will be modified to become AMPVs for the U.S. Army. 1508:. It was suggested that surplus Bradleys could be retrofitted into this version. 1393:

The B-FiST has replaced the existing armored FiST vehicle (FiST-V) platform, the

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fire accounted for 17 of the destroyed Bradleys and three of the damaged ones."

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navigation system robustly provides the vehicle location as a reference point.

4051: 3985: 3206: 2534: 1873: 1712: 1565:: 22 delivered of 89 units ordered in M2A2 ODS variant costing $ 196.4 million 1398: 1394: 1278: 1255: 1240: 1052: 967: 963: 588: 492: 438: 427: 420: 299: 51: 47: 24: 20: 3336:"Army Accelerates Air & Missile Defense Five Years: MSHORAD, MML, Lasers" 2928: 2916:"Watch: Russia's most advanced tank destroyed by US Bradley fighting vehicle" 790:

slowed down development. In 1968, an Army task force headed by Major General

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The XM701 Mechanised Infantry Combat Vehicle (MICV-65), pilot number 4, 1965

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U.S. Army began efforts to replace the Bradley in the mid-1980s under the

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An M2 Bradley burns after being hit by Iraqi fire three times during the

779:. The project was canceled, and new specifications were written in 1965. 522: 412: 260: 3634:"First unit gets new Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicles replacing old M113s" 3191: 828: 4112: 4092: 2899: 1604: 1576: 1562: 1381: 1328: 1284: 1226: 1142: 755: 742: 328: 3249:"Laser In Front, Grunts In Back: Boeing Offers Anti-Aircraft Vehicles" 2057:

Ukrainian Bradley Fighting Vehicles Seen With Explosive Reactive Armor

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The BSFV is designed specifically for the carriage and support of a

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Congress ordered two new evaluations of the IFV program, one by the

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of infantry fighting vehicles. The Bradley was meant to serve as an

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in addition to the regular crew of three, with space for additional

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Jane's Land Warfare Platforms: Armoured Fighting Vehicles 2017–2018

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The Bradley Urban Survival Kit (BUSK) is an upgrade similar to the

3485:"Army envisions AMPV production spike for emergency contingencies" 1688: 1676: 1544: 1481: 1374: 1339: 1299: 1225: 1197: 1082: 1051: 959: 923: 796: 783: 741: 714: 669: 639: 610: 559: 536:

Subsequent ammunition developments resulted in the M919 APFSDS-T (

503: 465: 3700:"First Bradley M2A2 Infantry Fighting Vehicles Arrive in Croatia" 1621:: Roughly 4,500 M2 & M3 variants, plus about 2,000 in storage 529:, capable of knocking out many Iraqi vehicles, including several 4016: 2359:(2nd ed.). London: Jane's Publishing Co. pp. 323–326. 1366: 1250:, up to six passengers, to critical points. Aside from carrying 1191:

program to replace the M2 Bradley. Entries from BAE Systems and

1138: 1127: 1077: 810: 750:

In 1963, the U.S. and West German governments began work on the

731:

that would bridge the gap to the MICV. One such upgrade was the

580: 530: 3941: 3677:(23rd ed.). Surrey: Janes Information Group. p. 610. 267:

14.5–30 mm all-around AP protection (depending on variant)

2857: 2721: 3313:"BAE Systems presents Bradley M-SHORAD air defense AUSA 2017" 2662: 2660: 2592:

Camp Colt to Desert Storm: The History of U.S. Armored Forces

1072:, M2 Bradleys destroyed more Iraqi armored vehicles than the 3861:

Bradley: A History of American Fighting and Support Vehicles

3720:"US Delivers Bradley Fighting Vehicles to the Lebanese Army" 754:

main battle tank design and an IFV companion project called

476:

main battle tank, so the vehicles could maintain formation.

464:

The Bradley was developed largely in response to the Soviet

3531:"Uparmored Bradley Could Be Tough Enough For AMPV: Testers" 1380:

The US Army chose to create an M-SHORAD vehicle out of the

366: 3653:"BAE Systems, Army ink $ 797 million AMPV production deal" 1549:

Map with operators of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle in blue

700:

One of the early issues that drove the development of the

508:

A Bradley firing the M242 25 mm (1 in) chain gun

3437:

Freedberg Jr, Sydney J.; Clark, Colin (2 November 2012).

3360:

BAE Systems - Bradley Combat Systems Electronic Press Kit

2594:, Lexington, Kentucky; The University Press of Kentucky, 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2155:(Civilian Research Paper). Institute for Defense Analysis 1003:

Col. James Burton and the joint live fire testing program

2330: 2328: 2326: 2292: 2290: 2215: 2213: 1987:"US Army Awards Bradley Conversion Kits Contract to BAE" 1967:

Bradley M2 / M3 Tracked Armoured Fighting Vehicles, USA.

4186:

Cold War armored fighting vehicles of the United States

3462:"Vendors Pour Funding Into Armored Vehicle Development" 2535:"M2A3 and M3A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems (BFVS)" 1874:"M2A3 and M3A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems (BFVS)" 1439:

M993/M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System Carrier Vehicle

1261:

The M2 IFV has six external firing ports for the squad

3596:"BAE Systems Presents First AMPV Prototype to US Army" 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 1214:

In October 2018, the program was re-designated as the

687:). Later armor upgrades have negated this capability. 244:

3 + variable number of passengers depending on variant

2566:. Surrey: Janes Information Group. pp. 284–590. 1940:"Army Awards AMPV to BAE Systems, Future Fights Loom" 2617:

The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard

2059:

STETSON PAYNE 2023-07-22 thedrive.com, July 23, 2023

1134:. These claims could not be independently verified. 1036:

The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard

4137: 4121: 4065: 4004: 3948: 1852:

Tube-launched optically-tracked wire-guided missile

1825: 1813: 1801: 1789: 1777: 1765: 1753: 1741: 1729: 1717: 1705: 1693: 1681: 1669: 1038:. The book was adapted into the black comedy film 365: 353: 345: 337: 324: 309: 280: 253: 240: 232: 224: 216: 208: 203: 193: 182: 157: 134: 126: 116: 111: 101: 93: 88: 80: 59: 32: 3102:"Army reopens competition for Bradley replacement" 2804:on October 6, 2014 – via washingtonpost.com. 2537:. Federation of American Scientists. May 5, 2000. 1097:In the Iraq War, the Bradley proved vulnerable to 706:nuclear, biological or chemical (NBC) type weapons 630:on the front of the turret for creating defensive 3883:M2/M3 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1983–1995 3069: 3067: 1976:Army-Technology.com. Retrieved on August 1, 2008. 623:All versions are equipped with two four-barreled 3863:. Battleboro, VT: Echo Point Books & Media. 2610: 2608: 2464:"FMC Gets New Bradley Fighting Vehicle Contract" 516:as its main weapon. The M242 is a single-barrel 3076:"MPF, AMPV now part of NGCV family of vehicles" 2466:. Associated Press. 7 July 1988. Archived from 1126:the M2 Bradley was able to destroy two Russian 887: 4176:Armored fighting vehicles of the United States 3933:Bradley Fighting Vehicle Systems Upgrade to A3 1495:For increased protection, the Army required a 1141:tank at close range with their autocannons in 538:armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot 341:19.7 horsepower per short ton (16.2 kW/t) 2413:, ed. (1982). "Armoured Personnel Carriers". 2353:, ed. (1981). "Armoured Personnel Carriers". 2255:, ed. (1979). "Armoured Personnel Carriers". 1916:. Military Suppliers and News. Archived from 8: 3002:"BAE, GD: We Can Cut Weight From Army's GCV" 3000:Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (27 November 2013). 2495:, ed. (2011). "Armored Personnel Carriers". 723:prototype with a 20 mm autocannon, 1965 512:The Bradley is equipped with the 25 mm 3673:, ed. (2002). "Armoured Command Vehicles". 3575:US Army Leaders Make Case for AMPV Decision 3529:Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (29 January 2014). 3379:"M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System - MLRS" 3270:Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (10 October 2017). 3126:Oestergaard, Joakim Kasper (10 June 2014). 2975:"Army drops contracts for armored vehicles" 2487: 2485: 2345: 2343: 1962: 1960: 19:For Bradley Fighting Vehicle variants, see 3938: 1365:(UAVs). The main gun was replaced with an 1211:(NGCV) program to replace the M2 Bradley. 834:An XM723 prototype being offloaded from a 29: 4191:Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s 3334:Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (29 March 2018). 3247:Freedberg Jr, Sydney J. (2 August 2017). 2717:"10 minutes of the most intense fighting" 2521: 2149:"Big Five" Lessons for Today and Tomorrow 2133: 2068: 1652:List of modern armoured fighting vehicles 788:Continued disagreements on specifications 16:American tracked armored fighting vehicle 3753:"U.S. Security Cooperation with Ukraine" 3355: 3353: 3128:"M2A3 and M3A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicle" 2824:- Army-Technology.com, 11 September 2014 2767:L.B. Thompson, L.J. Korb, C.P. Wadhams. 2619:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 2100:Green, Michael; James, James D. (2007). 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 1344:An M6 Linebacker along the highway near 939:"Bradley" for World War II Army General 2815:The US Army's armored vehicle conundrum 2666: 2651: 2639: 2334: 2317: 2296: 2281: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2219: 2204: 1865: 1845: 1320:Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle (BSFV) 1130:tanks. The Bradley was assigned to the 811:XM765 Armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle 3776:Trevithick, Joseph (3 February 2020). 3217:from the original on 22 December 2015. 3159:"M4 Command and Control Vehicle (C2V)" 2973:Schafer, Susanne M. (9 October 1992). 2798:"U.S. Army Battling To Save Equipment" 2452:from the original on October 30, 2014. 2192: 1997:from the original on 22 September 2017 902:, was added to the portfolio in 1977. 3698:U.S. Embassy in Zagreb (2023-12-03). 3675:Jane's Armour and Artillery 2002–2003 3483:Wasserbly, Daniel (22 October 2013). 3323:from the original on 7 November 2017. 2796:Tyson, Ann Scott (December 5, 2006). 2541:from the original on October 30, 2014 2498:Jane's Armour and Artillery 2011–2012 2387:. Associated Press. 18 October 1981. 2146:Trybula, COL David C. (29 May 2012). 2047:- Army Recognition.com, July 10, 2012 411:The Bradley is designed to transport 7: 3885:. London: Reed International Books. 3841:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. 3730:from the original on August 16, 2017 2890:@Osinttechnical (January 12, 2024). 2442:"2 AD Combat Unit Receives Bradleys" 2019:A Quiet Farewell For the M-2 Bradley 1296:M4 Command and Control Vehicle (C2V) 615:Bradley armor in a diagram from 1986 173:BAE Systems Platforms & Services 148:BAE Systems Platforms & Services 3613:Army delivers newest combat vehicle 3541:from the original on 12 March 2014. 3272:"BAE Turns Bradley Into MiG-Killer" 3259:from the original on 8 August 2017. 3100:Tressel, Ashley (7 February 2020). 3074:Tressel, Ashley (12 October 2018). 2729:from the original on 26 August 2016 2416:Jane's Armour and Artillery 1982–83 2391:from the original on 20 August 2018 2356:Jane's Armour and Artillery 1981–82 2258:Jane's Armour and Artillery 1979–80 1304:Command and Control Vehicle c. 1999 870:The commander sat inside the hull. 782:In 1967, the public display of the 674:Flotation curtain, now discontinued 4201:Tracked armoured fighting vehicles 3651:Roque, Ashley (1 September 2023). 3564:from the original on 14 July 2014. 3346:from the original on 2 April 2018. 3138:from the original on 29 March 2016 1938:McLeary, Paul (23 December 2014). 1445:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System 1397:, in the U.S. Army inventory. The 1310:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System 1216:Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle 1034:In 1993, Burton released his book 1013:Office of the Secretary of Defense 943:, who had died earlier that year. 900:M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System 525:APDS-T rounds proved effective in 484:The M2/M3's primary armament is a 392:of the United States developed by 14: 3943:Modern armoured fighting vehicles 3757:United States Department of State 3552:Gourley, Scott R. (5 June 2014). 2028:- Strategypage.com, March 5, 2012 1914:"M2/M3 Bradley Fighting Vehicles" 1607:: 300+ M2A2 ODS & 4 M7 BFISTs 3594:Judson, Jen (15 December 2016). 3506:Parsons, Dan (24 October 2013). 3061:. Army recognition, 2 June 2015 2715:Rodgers, Walter (6 April 2003). 2440:A.C. Colletti (March 31, 1983). 1632: 1611: 1597: 1583: 1569: 1555: 1023:Burton insisted on a series of " 845: 827: 634:, which can also be loaded with 444:In 2014, the U.S. Army selected 398:BAE Systems Land & Armaments 40: 4206:Tracked reconnaissance vehicles 3295:"Everything's coming up SHORAD" 3293:Judson, Jen (18 October 2017). 3165:from the original on 2013-11-11 3033:from the original on 2015-06-02 2871:Jankowicz, Mia (19 July 2023). 1895:from the original on 2011-03-20 1389:M7 Bradley Fire Support Vehicle 760:Pacific Car and Foundry Company 454:M113 armored personnel carriers 404:. It is named for U.S. General 3584:- Armytimes.com, 31 March 2015 3416:"Black Knight - Future Combat" 2106:. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press. 1737:Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle 1465:unmanned ground combat vehicle 1430:Bradley Battle Command Vehicle 1417:Bradley Engineer Squad Vehicle 1209:Next Generation Combat Vehicle 990:Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicles 564:A Bradley firing a TOW missile 183: 105: 1: 3632:Judson, Jen (14 March 2023). 3460:Parsons, Dan (January 2013). 1889:"M2 Bradley Fighting Vehicle" 1488:Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle 1478:Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle 1472:Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle 1308:The C2V is based on the M993 1169:Armored Systems Modernization 929: 450:Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle 212:30.4 short tons (27.6 t) 197: 3207:"M6 Bradley Linebacker (BL)" 2784:Center for American Progress 2680:"Corrupt From Top to Bottom" 1187:In 2010, the Army began the 1076:. A few kills against Iraqi 908:Government Accounting Office 544:) round containing a finned 4196:Tracked amphibious vehicles 3205:Pike, John (5 March 2000). 2834:Axe, David (27 June 2023). 2769:"Army Equipment After Iraq" 1463:The Black Knight prototype 1367:XM914 30 mm autocannon 1116:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1099:improvised explosive device 712:for five infantry gunners. 587:gun, the Bradley carries a 4222: 3907:Halberstadt, Hans (2001). 3835:Haworth, W. Blair (1999). 3809:(in Greek). Archived from 3397:"BAE Systems Black Knight" 2913:Barnes, Joe (2024-01-18). 2381:"Vehicle to Honor Bradley" 1665:Assault Amphibious Vehicle 1475: 1456: 1442: 1276: 1238: 766:self-propelled howitzers. 646:Bradley Urban Survival Kit 371:35 mph (56 km/h) 220:21.5 ft (6.55 m) 18: 4181:BAE Systems land vehicles 3857:Hunnicutt, Richard Pearce 3829:General and cited sources 3512:National Defense Magazine 3466:National Defense Magazine 3157:Pike, John (5 May 2000). 2979:Austin American-Statesman 2615:Burton, James G. (1993). 801:The XM765 prototype, 1965 702:infantry fighting vehicle 470:armored personnel carrier 424:infantry fighting vehicle 361:250 mi (400 km) 333:600 hp (450 kW) 248: 236:9.8 ft (2.98 m) 81:Place of origin 72:Infantry fighting vehicle 39: 34:Bradley Fighting Vehicle 4145:Bradley Fighting Vehicle 1421:The Bradley ESV enables 1363:unmanned aerial vehicles 1175:The U.S. Army began the 1153:open-source intelligence 1103:rocket-propelled grenade 772:shirt-sleeve environment 597:M231 Firing Port Weapons 396:and now manufactured by 390:armored fighting vehicle 379:Bradley Fighting Vehicle 271:Explosive reactive armor 67:Armored fighting vehicle 3724:U.S. Embassy in Lebanon 1486:The Army tests the BAE 1361:non-kinetically defeat 1263:M231 Firing Port Weapon 1132:47th Mechanized Brigade 836:McDonnell Douglas YC-15 550:Operation Iraqi Freedom 419:. Variants include the 228:12 ft (3.6 m) 3859:(15 September 2015) . 1550: 1530:Battle Command Vehicle 1491: 1459:Black Knight (vehicle) 1349: 1305: 1231: 1203: 1181:Manned Ground Vehicles 1060: 935: 912:Department of the Army 891: 802: 747: 724: 675: 620:increased to 33 tons. 616: 565: 509: 431:reconnaissance vehicle 3558:Defense Media Network 3385:on December 22, 2015. 3237:– Army-Technology.com 2231:General Donn Starry, 1840:Explanatory footnotes 1548: 1518:3rd Infantry Division 1506:Ground Combat Vehicle 1502:hybrid-electric drive 1485: 1343: 1303: 1229: 1201: 1189:Ground Combat Vehicle 1177:Future Combat Systems 1055: 927: 910:(GAO) and one by the 800: 745: 718: 673: 614: 563: 507: 54:, California, in 2013 3671:Foss, Christopher F. 3472:on 4 September 2015. 3449:on 17 November 2012. 3420:usmilitary.about.com 2560:Foss, Christopher F. 2493:Foss, Christopher F. 2411:Foss, Christopher F. 2351:Foss, Christopher F. 2253:Foss, Christopher F. 2103:M2/M3 Bradley at War 1087:Battle of 73 Easting 1058:Battle of 73 Easting 997:Red River Army Depot 3518:on 7 February 2016. 3495:on 26 October 2013. 3319:. 30 October 2017. 3282:on 22 October 2017. 2780:Lexington Institute 2470:on November 2, 2014 1993:. 3 December 2010. 1991:army-technology.com 1657:Mechanized infantry 1626:Potential operators 1504:, similar to their 1252:mechanized infantry 1110:Russo-Ukrainian War 838:during a test, 1977 3726:. 14 August 2017. 3426:on 6 January 2012. 3365:2013-05-24 at the 3233:2013-09-01 at the 3228:Bradley Linebacker 3188:articles.janes.com 3057:2015-06-03 at the 2981:. Associated Press 2820:2014-10-04 at the 2774:2010-12-30 at the 2753:2014-02-21 at the 2685:2016-11-30 at the 2669:, p. 131-132. 2642:, pp. 128–29. 2446:Fort Hood Sentinel 2385:The New York Times 2043:2013-10-16 at the 2024:2012-07-07 at the 1972:2008-06-01 at the 1551: 1492: 1350: 1306: 1232: 1204: 1061: 947:Production history 936: 809:had developed the 803: 748: 725: 676: 617: 589:TOW missile system 573:medium machine gun 566: 510: 273:for RPG protection 112:Production history 4163: 4162: 3879:Zaloga, Steven J. 3870:978-1-62654-153-5 2705:gulflink.osd.mil 2693:, 3 October 1993. 2573:978-0-71063-227-2 2508:978-0-71062-960-9 2113:978-0-7603-2523-0 1785:VPK-7829 Bumerang 1701:Combat Vehicle 90 1534:United Defense LP 1375:AIM-9X Sidewinder 1041:The Pentagon Wars 375: 374: 319:M240C machine gun 302:anti-tank missile 4213: 3939: 3922: 3896: 3874: 3852: 3822: 3821: 3819: 3818: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3737: 3735: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3657:Breaking Defense 3648: 3642: 3641: 3629: 3623: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3591: 3585: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3535:Breaking Defense 3526: 3520: 3519: 3514:. 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Devers 949: 932: 862: 861: 860: 859: 855: 854: 853: 850: 841: 840: 839: 832: 807:FMC Corporation 698: 693: 668: 648: 609: 607:Countermeasures 558: 514:M242 Bushmaster 502: 482: 462: 394:FMC Corporation 358: 356: 332: 331:VTA-903T diesel 314: 312: 305: 293:M242 Bushmaster 285: 283: 276: 249: 198:§ Variants 178: 153: 121:FMC Corporation 94:In service 89:Service history 76: 55: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4219: 4217: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4168: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4155:FV101 Scorpion 4152: 4150:FV107 Scimitar 4147: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4008: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3927:External links 3925: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3902: 3899: 3898: 3897: 3891: 3875: 3869: 3853: 3847: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3823: 3794: 3768: 3744: 3711: 3690: 3683: 3662: 3643: 3624: 3622:14 March 2023. 3605: 3586: 3580:2015-04-06 at 3567: 3544: 3521: 3498: 3475: 3452: 3429: 3406: 3388: 3370: 3349: 3326: 3304: 3285: 3262: 3239: 3220: 3197: 3175: 3149: 3118: 3106:Inside Defense 3092: 3080:Inside Defense 3063: 3043: 3018: 2992: 2965: 2940: 2905: 2898:) – via 2882: 2863: 2849: 2826: 2807: 2788: 2760: 2740: 2707: 2695: 2691:New York Times 2671: 2656: 2654:, p. 129. 2644: 2632: 2625: 2604: 2588:Donn A. 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