679:
area has a circumference of 5.75 miles (9.25 km). Apart from a considerable area towards the south-east end, the whole space is covered with billowing mounds of brick ruins. Nothing now stands above the surface, except in one place, where an unrecognizable tower-like core of brick masonry remains. There is a total absence of stone masonry of any kind, but lumps of charred wood dotted here and there indicate the former presence of woodwork. The cement used in the brickwork appears to have been mud which forms the greater mass of the present mounds.
185:
157:
150:
178:
43:
678:
The city lies upon the open sandy plain amongst rolling heaps of brick debris, crisscrossed with the depressions of its original streets and surrounded by the ruins of its once massive walls and bastions. Shaped like a boot with the sole facing north-west and the leg stretching south-east, the whole
682:
As per historian
Rahimdad Khan Molai Shedai,"Brahmanabad town was located within 4 miles area, where in the temple named Nu Wihar there was an idol of Buddha. In various history books on Sindh said temple was also written as Nu Bahar which is varied form of Nu Wihar. As Byblion temple priests were
557:. Historical sources state that he found there were "no places in Sind where Muslims were safe", which indicates there were unrest and rebellions before his arrival. His deputy Al-Thaqafi founded Al-Masura "opposite Al-Mahfuza". Historian Blankship believes that the former was a base for the
133:
661:
According to historians, Mansura was a beautiful town with vast orchards of mangoes and groves of date palms. Today the ruins of
Mansura are spread over an area 4 miles (6.4 km) in circumference near the modern city of
694:
In the initial excavation of the urban complex of
Brahmanabad-Mansurah-Mahfuzah, A. P. Bellasis uncovered a seal bearing the Arabic inscription "Imam al-Baqir" which appear to belong to the fifth Shi'ite Imam
1034:
583:. The city holds an important position in Muslim history as the first to be built by Arabs according to the principles of town-planning. Seventeen years later, lessons learned in
1014:
638:. Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, who belonged to the Banu Habar tribe, the clan of Banu Asad, was the first governor of al-Mansura. Under the Caliphate of
944:
553:, which was renamed as Mansura by the Arab Conquerors. The Umayyad governor of Sind, Al-Hakam, founded a city called al-Mahfuza later called
905:
A. F. Bellasis, "An
Account of the Ancient and Ruined City of Brahminabad, in Sind," JBBRAS 5 (1856) :421. As cited in: Derryl N. Maclean,"
515:
because the inhabitants feared his reputation and refused to open the gates. The city never recovered and its Soomro Emirs were deposed.
149:
805:
635:
914:
236:
177:
85:
67:
965:
691:
had to kneel before them and constrained to renovate the temple. The number of the priests in the town was around 1000'.
58:
831:
610:
convulsed by internal strife, the Arabs seized their chance and renewed their attacks. Thereafter it was captured by
492:
lived in
Baghdad and engaged in scientific and literary pursuits they translated a large number of ancient books of
1029:
594:
Mansura's history began under the
Umayyad Caliphs, when Muslim Arabs attempted to conquer the frontier kingdoms of
1019:
31:
930:
468:. There were some renowned educational institutions in the city, Mansura produced the first translation of the
406:
401:
386:
337:
982:
Islamic civilization in South Asia: A history of Muslim power and presence in the Indian subcontinent.
565:, the old Brahamanabad was in ruins, and the new city itself was referred to by the name Brahmanabad.
957:
Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol 1: Early
Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam
63:
Two articles were merged into this one. Repeated or conflicting information, if any, should be fixed.
683:
astrologers or fortune tellers like priests of
Brahmanabad were also great astrologers. The staunch
53:
1024:
615:
434:
349:
936:
The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām ibn ʻAbd al-Malik and the
Collapse of the Umayyads
896:
Rahimdad Khan Molai Shedai; Janat ul Sindh, 3rd edition, 1993, page 63;Sindhi Adbi Board, Jamshoro
611:
438:
316:
961:
955:
940:
910:
754:
749:
696:
580:
569:
481:
422:
418:
414:
410:
283:
279:
651:
623:
523:
512:
216:
759:
573:
489:
473:
374:
355:
328:
769:
603:
599:
1008:
729:
709:
688:
627:
543:
454:
634:
ascribed the foundation of the city to
Governor Mansur ibn Jamhur, the last Umayyad
132:
719:
667:
643:
562:
539:
484:
is described by many historians and chroniclers as a pioneer in the compilation of
417:
from the year 750 AD to 1006 AD. The city was founded as a central garrison by the
934:
561:
troops of the Caliphate and the latter was for the Mudari troops. By the time of
655:
554:
550:
442:
421:
Forces in Sindh, the city transformed into a very vibrant metropolis during the
433:
in the south. Mansura was the first capital established by the Muslims in the
764:
714:
663:
647:
646:'s renunciation of his succession to the caliphate in 765, became governor of
519:
493:
480:
valley region. The city was the hometown of famous historical figures such as
446:
251:
238:
639:
631:
576:
302:
137:
Coins during the rule of Amirs of Sind, c. 257 -- 421 AH / c. 870 -- 1030 AD
817:
Hussain, Irshad. (1989). Mansurah - The First Capital of Muslims in Sindh.
496:
on mathematics, astronomy, astrology, medicine, literature and ethics into
17:
994:
626:
with the army. Qasim's successors attempted to expand from Sindh into the
464:
Mansura exported herbs and spices, textiles, ivory, metals and mirrors to
666:. The most significant ruin found in Mansura is the large courtyard of a
642:, Khalid was appointed governor of Fars and, after helping obtain Prince
441:
seized the Brahmanabad territory. Mansura was built on the shores of the
224:
789:
787:
785:
591:
where there were once numerous Sindhi inspired buildings and monuments.
684:
588:
584:
465:
744:
734:
724:
535:
505:
497:
485:
426:
999:
739:
607:
595:
558:
501:
477:
469:
430:
287:
220:
880:
878:
619:
508:
504:
and Mansura in the year 893.AD, the city was later ruled by the
458:
857:
546:
invaded the area and defeated Lohanas and made under his sway.
36:
461:
origins, houses were made of clay, baked bricks and plaster.
606:, and Sindh. In the early 8th Century, with the Kingdom of
518:
The city now lies 18 kilometres (11 mi) south-east of
939:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
793:
405:) in later centuries, was the historic capital of the
500:. According to geologists an earthquake struck both
391:
342:
1035:
8th-century establishments in the Umayyad Caliphate
832:"SITUATIONER: Nine trenches into the past of Sindh"
312:
298:
293:
275:
267:
230:
212:
204:
449:mentioned the wealthy local merchants who wore
987:Rashid, N. (1998). Al-Mansurah-The Lost City.
522:and 75 kilometres (47 mi) north-east of
8:
858:"برهمڻ آباد: تاريخ جي آئيني ۾:محبوب علي چنا"
476:language, it was used widely throughout the
118:
105:
98:
884:
844:
989:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society
819:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society
131:
97:
538:dynasty. There was a powerful king named
445:, it was surrounded by fertile farmland,
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
806:Ruins of Mansura city in Sindh Pakistan
781:
511:. Mansura was sacked by the forces of
409:, during the eighth century under the
184:
156:
400:
30:For other places with that name, see
7:
1015:Former populated places in Pakistan
808:, National Geographic, 29 May 2017.
378:
359:
332:
568:The city was further developed by
25:
995:Mansura Archaeological Site Photo
907:Religion and Society in Arab Sind
650:. Around the same time, his son
549:Erstwhile name of this city was
183:
176:
155:
148:
41:
27:Historic capital of Sindh, India
1:
794:Wink, Al-Hind, Volume 1 1996
654:, was appointed governor of
104:
572:(705–782), a member of the
542:who ruled this city before
534:This city was a capital of
392:
354:'the triumphant ';
343:
61:. The specific problem is:
1051:
407:caliphal province of Sindh
402:[ˈbəɾɦəmnɑːˈbɑːd̪]
57:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
29:
960:(Third ed.), Brill,
931:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
909:", p. 127, BRILL, (1989)
425:surpassing the wealth of
379:
360:
192:Mansura, Sindh (Pakistan)
142:
130:
120:
119:
107:
106:
103:
32:Mansoura (disambiguation)
271:Settlement/Capital City
954:Wink, André (1996) ,
864:(in Urdu). 2019-10-26
252:25.88111°N 68.77694°E
205:Alternative name
195:Show map of Pakistan
68:improve this article
887:, pp. 186–187.
630:and other regions.
616:al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
579:family, during the
435:Indian subcontinent
248: /
100:
984:London: Routledge.
980:Avari, B. (2012).
618:, the governor of
612:Muhammad ibn Qasim
439:Muhammad bin Qasim
365:), referred to as
317:Islamic Golden Age
257:25.88111; 68.77694
164:Shown within Sindh
1030:Abbasid Caliphate
1000:Sindh Archaeology
946:978-0-7914-1827-7
755:Abu Mashar Sindhi
697:Muhammad al-Baqir
636:governor of Sindh
581:Abbasid Caliphate
570:Khalid ibn Barmak
482:Abu Mashar Sindhi
429:in the north and
415:Abbasid Caliphate
411:Umayyad Caliphate
390:
353:
341:
322:
321:
306:(Umayyad Period)
284:Abbasid Caliphate
280:Umayyad Caliphate
167:Show map of Sindh
116:
96:
95:
88:
59:quality standards
50:This article may
16:(Redirected from
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1020:History of Sindh
970:
950:
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885:Blankinship 1994
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845:Blankinship 1994
842:
836:
835:
828:
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815:
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803:
797:
791:
652:Yahya ibn Khalid
587:were applied in
513:Mahmud of Ghazni
404:
399:
395:
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362:
348:
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336:
334:
308:(Abbasid Period)
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217:Sanghar District
196:
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975:Further reading
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825:
821:37(3): 293-303.
816:
812:
804:
800:
792:
783:
779:
774:
760:Abu Raja Sindhi
705:
676:
532:
490:Abu Raja Sindhi
451:Baghdad Costume
397:
307:
305:
303:Caliphal Period
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847:, p. 335.
837:
823:
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796:, p. 185.
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770:Soomro Dynasty
767:
762:
757:
752:
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727:
722:
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712:
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699:(677–733 AD).
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986:
983:
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942:
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915:90-04-08551-3
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758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Samma Dynasty
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Jam Nawaz Ali
708:
707:
702:
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571:
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560:
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552:
547:
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544:Chach of Aror
541:
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529:
527:
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935:
924:Bibliography
906:
901:
892:
866:. Retrieved
861:
852:
840:
826:
818:
813:
801:
720:Agham Lohana
693:
681:
677:
674:Modern ruins
668:Jamia Masjid
660:
644:Isa ibn Musa
614:, nephew of
593:
567:
563:Al-Baladhuri
548:
540:Agham Lohana
533:
517:
463:
453:and were of
450:
393:barhamaṇabād
370:
366:
324:
323:
276:Part of
82:
73:
66:Please help
62:
51:
750:Abbasid Era
656:Adharbayjan
555:Brahminabad
551:Brahmanabad
443:Indus River
423:Abbasid Era
367:Brahmanabad
255: /
231:Coordinates
208:Brahmanabad
70:if you can.
18:Brahmanabad
1025:Chach Nama
1009:Categories
967:0391041738
868:2020-06-15
862:Awami Awaz
777:References
765:Ibn Hauqal
715:Chach Nama
687:king like
670:(mosque).
664:Shahdadpur
648:Tabaristan
520:Shahdadpur
494:South Asia
447:Ibn Hauqal
398:pronounced
380:برهمڻ آباد
371:Bahmanabad
344:al-manṣūra
243:68°46′37″E
240:25°52′52″N
108:برهمڻ آباد
640:al-Mansur
632:Al-Masudi
577:Barmakids
524:Hyderabad
413:and then
387:romanized
338:romanized
933:(1994).
703:See also
685:Brahaman
624:Khurasan
333:المنصورة
313:Cultures
225:Pakistan
213:Location
52:require
589:Baghdad
585:Mansura
574:Iranian
530:History
472:in the
466:Baghdad
419:Umayyad
389::
382:
363:
352:
340::
325:Mansura
299:Periods
294:History
123:
110:
99:Mansura
54:cleanup
991:46(4).
964:
943:
913:
745:Multan
735:Khafif
725:Lohana
628:Punjab
559:Yamani
536:Lohana
506:Soomro
498:Arabic
486:Hadith
474:Sindhi
455:Sindhi
437:after
427:Multan
375:Sindhi
361:منصوره
356:Sindhi
329:Arabic
121:منصوره
740:Debal
689:Chach
608:Sindh
604:Zabul
600:Kabul
596:India
509:Emirs
502:Debal
478:Indus
470:Quran
431:Debal
288:Sindh
221:Sindh
962:ISBN
941:ISBN
911:ISBN
622:and
620:Iraq
459:Arab
350:lit.
282:and
268:Type
369:or
286:in
1011::
877:^
860:.
784:^
658:.
602:,
598:,
526:.
488:;
396:,
384:,
377::
358::
347:,
335:,
331::
223:,
219:,
115:or
949:.
917:.
871:.
834:.
457:-
373:(
327:(
89:)
83:(
78:)
74:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
