413:
Nantasket in 1630 (meaning he was in New
England when Bray was). Emigration records record that he made the journey with his wife Elizabeth and children Samuel, Richard, Henry, and Susanna. However, as later documents would make evident, Henry Way had at least one more child who emigrated to America with him, a son named Aaron. Greene suggests this seemingly missing entry for his son Aaron Way could mean that another of Henry Way's children may very well have gone undocumented just as Aaron did. Additionally, Bray purportedly sold land to what he called his "trusty kinsman" in May 1675, one of whom was clarified as Aaron Way. Furthermore, during his testimony against Willard in 1692, Bray called Richard Way, his theoretical brother-in-law, his 'brother'. Greene also mentions one of Bray’s sons was named ‘Henry’, which he postulates was intended as the namesake of Hannah Way’s father. However, there is no reason to think that other relationships couldn’t explain the language. After all, members of a common social group might call themselves "brothers" or "cousins" without any actual blood or marital relationship. Still, it doesn’t help the case of the Gengell identification that Hannah Way is attested to while Hannah Gengell isn’t. John Gengell himself is only sparsely attested to, let alone a hypothetical sister of his, and even then, none of the surviving pieces that attest to his existence give an idea of his personal life. On the other hand, the Way family is very well documented; manuscript summaries of the parish registers for Bridport and Allington, Dorset, in the collection of the Rev. Richard Grosvenor Bartelot, show that Henry Way married Elizabeth Batchelar on 22 Jan. 1615, (apparently as his second wife) and that they had a daughter "Hanah" who was baptized there on 3 March 1616. Additionally, while it is true and evident in John Gengell’s will that he regarded the Wilkins very highly, he very explicitly avoids calling them relatives. Coincidentally, Aaron Way is also mentioned alongside a "Mary Way" as a witness in the will.
309:, where he was discovered following the issue of a second warrant for his arrest. Willard was put on trial on May 18, during which Bray Wilkins testified of the very painful condition he suffered after the meal with Willard in Dorchester, saying " lookt after such a sort upon me as I never before discerned in any." Thomas Wilkins was mortified at the proceedings against his son-in-law, and refused to take part in the trial, however, Bray's other son Benjamin testified that Mercy Lewis had recounted a vision of Willard's "apparition" afflicting the patriarch's stomach, and two of Bray's daughters and several others gave second-hand testimony that John Willard had beaten his wife Margaret and then exhibited odd behavior which frightened her into running to a relative's house for safety. During his examination, Willard denied these allegations with the rest, and desired that his wife would be called to testify on his behalf, but this does not appear to have been done. Indeed, no such frenzy is known to have occurred at any point, Margaret and John shared three children and lived a modest life. Regardless, the testimony of the Wilkins family was damning, and Willard was found guilty and hanged for witchcraft that August.
247:, and later Middleton. Soon afterwards, the two men moved their entire families to the land, and established homesteads. Wilkins and Gengell soon began logging and timber-processing operations, and at first, their business prospered. One of Bray's sons apparently boasted to a friend that the family operation produced 20,000 barrel staves and 6,000 feet of boards, however, in terms of profitability, the operation was marginal. In 1661, Bray was arrested and charged with theft, later admitting to stealing hay in order to feed his oxen with which he transported his timber to Salem. As embarrassing as the incident was to the family's reputation, an even greater setback would occur in 1666, when a controversial mortgage claim led to Bray and Gengell being brought to court. Bray's home had burned down during the winter of 1664, and eventually he and Gengell were unable to continue making their mortgage payments, and were forced to sell 2/3 of their lands, which even then did not allow them to repay their debts. Eventually, the one who the duo had purchased their lands from,
398:, states "Bray Wilkins' wife was probably Hannah Gengell. There is no record of the marriage to be found, which probably occurred at Dorchester between 1632 and 1636, for on the latter date Hannah Wilkins, the wife of Bray, is recorded as having been received into the First Church in Dorchester... Hannah Gengell was the sister of John Gengell, one of the incorporators of Taunton, Massachusetts, in 1643." Two persons who had access to much early documentary material about the Wilkins family, now lost, Martha J. Averill and Emily Ann Milliken née Wilkins, maintained that Bray's wife was Hannah Gengell, and furthermore the Wilkins are described with familial kindness in John Gengell’s will dated 10 April 1685.
273:
Willard became distraught at reports of the accusations leveled against him, and sought out Bray so that he and his family might pray for him. Wilkins, however, informed
Willard he was to travel out of town for business later that evening, and asked him to return before nightfall. Willard was unable, and Bray did not honor his request for prayers. 1692's election period eventually rolled around and the people of the Massachusetts Bay Colony travelled to
268:. Willard acted as a constable for the court, and given Bray's legal misfortunes decades prior, the family disapproved of him immediately after it was announced Margaret and John were eloped. The two lived a rather normal life for several years, all the while the Wilkins family did not shy away from making it known how they disapproved of John. During the first weeks of the
255:, brought them to court. Ultimately, Bellingham won his foreclosure judgement, and his lawyers seized Wilkins and Gengell's assets, along with their stocks of shingles. Eventually, Wilkins was able to finally pay off his debts and retain some of his land, but the experience left him with the view that farming was the only reliable way to have a secure living.
382:– ?), however, it is unlikely James was actually a son of Bray; Bray mentioned neither James nor his heirs in his will, nor did he give James land, as he did his known sons, and no one named "James" was at any time associated with any of Bray's family. John Gengell left legacies to all Bray's children in his will, but James is not mentioned here either.
206:
Bray often overlooked. The authors of several historical works on old Salem and New
England make significantly similar claims that Bray was a descendant, in varying forms, of the lordly Wilkins families in Wales. William C. Hill states it is "quite likely" that Bray heralded from one of these Wilkins
272:
in spring 1692, paranoia and mania swept through
Danvers. Willard, being the constable, was responsible for arresting accused parties, but he could not bring himself to arrest townspeople he held in high regard. His refusal to arrest these accused witches lead to himself being accused of witchcraft.
407:
written by David L. Greene disputes the identification of Bray's wife as a
Gengell by pointing out apparent errors in Hill's work. Greene claimed Hill's main piece of support, John Gengell's will, makes the conclusion impossible, as Gengell called himself 70 in that document, and thus about 21 when
277:
to take part in the proceedings – Willard was no exception. His uncle-in-law, Bray's son Henry
Wilkins, detested the claims brought against Willard by the townspeople and his own son Daniel, and so accompanied Willard for the journey. After arriving in Boston, Henry invited Willard to join him for
390:
The identity of Bray
Wilkins' wife is not known, but there are two candidates: Hannah Way and Hannah Gengell. Hannah Gengell is proposed to have been the sister of Bray's lifelong partner John Gengell. Neither candidate has more evidence favoring their identification over the other, however it is
412:
this fact makes it impossible for the wife of Bray
Wilkins to be Hannah Gengell is suspiciously unexplained). Though Greene acknowledges that it is difficult to escape the inference that Bray and John Gengell were in some way related, he advances the following arguments: Henry Way arrived at
290:, forced Bray to remain in Boston for several days. When Willard and Henry Wilkins returned to Salem, Henry's son Daniel was horribly ill. After recovering and returning to Salem as well, Bray's health seemed to relapse into illness upon the news of his grandson's condition.
391:
more likely Bray married Hannah Way as opposed to Hannah
Gengell. Any mention of Bray's wife simply refers to her as "Hannah" or "Anna" and no mention of her maiden name is ever recorded in the sparse times she is ever mentioned. No record of her death is known to exist.
231:, but a lack of extant immigration records from the time period prevents such a connection from being substantiated. The first certain attestation of Bray's presence in the Colonies is a parchment dated January 16, 1632, which describes the allotment of 16 acres of
302:(with whom Daniel Wilkins was intimate at the time) were called to investigate the possibility of witchcraft, and they affirmed Willard and another Salemite named Sarah Buckley were responsible for the Daniel's fatal illness and Bray's own health problems.
242:
Bray was known by the community as a model citizen: upright, pious, and adored. In 1658, Bray and his partner John
Gengell (of uncertain relations, see below) leased 700 acres of land eight to ten miles northwest of Salem, which became the town of
207:
families, whose presence in Wales is well attested. That being said, Bray's immediate origins are still nonetheless a mystery. "Thorough inquiry" conducted by English and Welsh genealogical authorities have found no definite trace of Bray
317:
Bray Wilkins died in January 1702, at age 92. His burial place is not known, though legend places in on the original foundations of Danvers/Middleton that he and Gengell built, today known as "Will's Hill", also where he died.
263:
In 1689, Bray and his family, along with several others, moved from Salem proper to establish a church in Danvers. Around 1690, Bray's granddaughter by his son Thomas, Margaret, married a man by the name of
286:
had already gathered. During the meal, Willard apparently gave Bray a cross look, and the patriarch suddenly found himself in a great deal of pain. The condition, probably a
178:. It is known from his own admission and other records which required such information that Bray was born about 1610. Being an immigrant, it is presumed Bray hailed from the
416:
Clarence Almon Torrey, in his 6,000 page index to what is estimated to be 99% of marriages performed in 17th century New England, asserts that Bray's wife was Hannah Way.
580:
154:. Bray's origins are not concretely known and are supplanted (and probably distorted) by familial tradition, however his reputation was already prolific in the
1996:
252:
1415:
1410:
2001:
575:
909:
974:
90:
1225:
1195:
1185:
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Bray was only married once, the wedding probably taking place between 1632 and 1636. Per William C. Hill, Bray Wilkins had eight children:
1804:
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478:
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435:
Proceedings at the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the First Parish at Salem Village: Now Danvers, October 8, 1872
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306:
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56:
182:, but exactly where he was born is up for debate. The prevailing assumption is that Bray came from modern-day
244:
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1981:
804:
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1920:
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542:
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227:. A tradition existed by the mid-twentieth century that Bray had emigrated to the New World with
179:
163:
76:
35:
190:, however, this is evidently based on the mistaken assumption that Bray was a descendant of the
1480:
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162:, had a strong presence in the area. Bray and his family were prominent figures in some
1759:
1729:
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The Family of Bray Wilkins: "Patriarch of Will's Hill", of Salem (Middleton), Mass.
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1799:
1749:
1435:
1395:
944:
299:
527:
1887:
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1851:
1754:
989:
305:
On May 10, a warrant for Willard's arrest was ratified. Willard fled to
339:
Lydia Wilkins (25 September 1644 – 1701), who married John Nichols of
1713:
274:
183:
174:
Very little is known about Bray's life before emigrating to the
531:
150:– 1 January 1702) was an immigrant, patriarch, and founder of
125:
473:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 195–197.
202:, the fact that John Wilkins was born more than four years
116:
330:
Samuel Wilkins Sr. (December 1636 – 20 December 1688)
131:
128:
122:
113:
495:
Bray Wilkins of Salem Village, Ma. and his children.
396:
The Family of Bray Wilkins, Patriarch of Will's Hill
119:
1911:
1865:
1844:
1828:
1722:
1614:
1138:
797:
754:
668:
652:
589:
385:
223:around 1630, his first residence being recorded as
82:
67:
42:
25:
18:
375:Hill lists the eighth child as one James Wilkins (
471:Salem Possessed: The Social Origins of Witchcraft
219:Regardless of his origins, Bray arrived in the
493:The American Genealogist, Vol. 60; Jan. 1984;
361:Henry Wilkins (1 July 1651 – 8 December 1737)
543:
8:
235:to him. He is registered as have taken the
345:Thomas Wilkins (16 Mar 1647 – October 1717)
186:; it is sometimes suggested he was born in
158:decades before his death. His progeny, the
550:
536:
528:
386:Bray's wife: Hannah Gengell or Hannah Way?
253:royal governor of the Massachusetts Colony
15:
511:. Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Pub. Co.
469:Boyer, Paul, Nissenbaum Stephen (1974).
424:
451:
449:
447:
445:
432:First Church (Danvers, Mass.) (1874).
278:supper at Richard Way's homestead in
215:Immigration and life in Massachusetts
7:
629:Nathanial (or Nathaniel) Saltonstall
509:New England marriages prior to 1700
497:Greene, David L. pp. 14–18, 111-113
459:Milford, N.H.: Cabinet Press, 1943.
1997:Accusers in the Salem witch trials
1130:Frances Wycom or Wycome or Wycombe
975:Samuel and Ruth Perley (or Pearly)
685:convicted of witchcraft and hanged
139:based on contemporaneous spelling
14:
1898:Infant child of Elizabeth Scargen
1888:Mercy, infant child of Sarah Good
1852:Mercy, infant child of Sarah Good
1125:Daniel Wycom or Wicom or Wycombe
455:Hill, William Carroll, b. 1875.
358:), who married Philip Knight Jr.
109:
88:
2002:Immigrants to the United States
1591:Mary Whittredge (or Witheridge)
507:Torrey, Clarence Almon (1985).
1020:Jonathan (or Johnathan) Putnam
438:. Congregational Pub. Society.
1:
401:However, a 1984 article from
376:
365:
352:
144:
61:Province of Massachusetts Bay
29:
840:John Bly Sr. and Rebecca Bly
408:Bray married Hannah (though
282:, where Bray, his wife, and
198:, who married the sister of
2018:
1381:Elizabeth Hutchinson Hart
566:
211:his immediate ancestors.
87:
1941:Phillip and Mary English
404:The American Genealogist
322:Marriage and descendants
176:Massachusetts Bay Colony
156:Massachusetts Bay Colony
152:Middleton, Massachusetts
73:Middleton, Massachusetts
940:Margaret Wilkins Knight
1992:American city founders
1546:Mary Harrington Taylor
1451:Joan Penney (or Penny)
1446:Robert and Sarah Pease
1426:Jane Lilly (or Lillie)
1306:Daniel and Lydia Eames
930:Thomas and Mary Jacobs
336:(22 March 1642 – 1723)
1411:Elizabeth Johnson Sr.
1060:Timothy Swan or Swann
755:Politicians, writers,
101:(probably pronounced
1341:Abigail Faulkner Sr.
1336:Abigail Faulkner Jr.
1216:John Busse (or Buss)
1139:Accused but survived
351:(12 December 1648 –
1723:Executed by hanging
1311:Rebecca Blake Eames
925:Nathaniel Ingersoll
581:Cultural depictions
251:, who was also the
225:Lynn, Massachusetts
1634:William Barker Sr.
1629:William Barker Jr.
1561:Margaret Toothaker
1246:Bethiah Carter Sr.
1241:Bethiah Carter Jr.
1236:Thomas Carrier Jr.
1151:Nehemiah Abbot Jr.
950:Abigail Martin Jr.
815:William Barker Sr.
757:and public figures
644:Waitstill Winthrop
604:Bartholomew Gedney
559:Salem witch trials
394:William C. Hill's
364:Benjamin Wilkins (
270:Salem Witch Trials
259:Salem Witch Trials
249:Richard Bellingham
180:Kingdom of England
164:Salem Witch Trials
77:Salem witch trials
36:Kingdom of England
1969:
1968:
1956:George Jacobs Jr.
1946:Edward Farrington
1765:George Jacobs Sr.
1581:Hezekiah Usher II
1576:Mary Lovett Tyler
1541:Sarah Clapp Swift
1526:Elizabeth Scargen
1481:Elizabeth Proctor
1401:Deliverance Hobbs
1351:Elizabeth Fosdick
1331:Thomas Farrar Sr.
1296:Mehitable Downing
1191:Dudley Bradstreet
1176:Edward Bishop III
915:Joseph Hutchinson
910:Elizabeth Hubbard
721:William Milbourne
686:
639:William Stoughton
239:on May 14, 1634.
237:Oath of a Freeman
221:Thirteen Colonies
192:Bishop of Chester
96:
95:
75:; accuser in the
2009:
1857:John Proctor III
1829:Pressed to death
1785:Mary Ayer Parker
1735:George Burroughs
1654:Deliverance Dane
1649:Sarah Churchwell
1644:Mary Bridges Jr.
1615:Confessed and/or
1601:Sarah Wilson Sr.
1596:Sarah Wilson Jr.
1551:Margaret Thacher
1496:Sarah Davis Rice
1391:Sarah Hawkes Jr.
1371:Sarah Noyes Hale
1346:Dorothy Faulkner
1261:Elizabeth Colson
1201:Mary Bridges Sr.
1120:Abigail Williams
1080:Jonathan Walcott
1045:Susannah Sheldon
1025:Nathaniel Putnam
980:Samuel Pickworth
880:Ralph Farnum Sr.
684:
681:George Burroughs
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1913:
1907:
1903:Roger Toothaker
1861:
1840:
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1810:Samuel Wardwell
1770:Susannah Martin
1718:
1669:Margaret Jacobs
1616:
1610:
1491:William Proctor
1476:Margaret Prince
1461:Lady Mary Phips
1416:Stephen Johnson
1386:Margaret Hawkes
1281:Elizabeth Dicer
1226:Richard Carrier
1196:John Bradstreet
1186:Anne Bradstreet
1134:
1065:Christian Trask
1015:John Putnam Sr.
1010:John Putnam Jr.
850:Thomas Chandler
835:Elizabeth Booth
810:Ebenezer Babson
793:
764:Thomas Danforth
756:
750:
741:Samuel Phillips
716:Increase Mather
664:
648:
599:Jonathan Corwin
592:court officials
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590:Magistrates and
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53:January 1, 1702
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2015:
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1936:Elizabeth Cary
1933:
1928:
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1914:otherwise fled
1909:
1908:
1906:
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1900:
1895:
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1869:
1867:
1866:Died in prison
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1845:Born in prison
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1730:Bridget Bishop
1726:
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1699:Sarah Wardwell
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1694:Mercy Wardwell
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1679:Mary Lacey Sr.
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1674:Mary Lacey Jr.
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1321:Martha Emerson
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1221:Andrew Carrier
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1213:
1208:
1203:
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1161:Abigail Barker
1158:
1153:
1148:
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1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:Samuel Wilkins
1112:
1107:
1102:
1100:Joseph Whipple
1097:
1092:
1090:Richard Walker
1087:
1082:
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1055:Martha Sprague
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997:
995:Ann Putnam Sr.
992:
990:Ann Putnam Jr.
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955:Jeremiah Neale
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855:Nathaniel Coit
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845:Thomas Boreman
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830:James Best Sr.
827:
825:James Best Jr.
822:
820:Thomas Barnard
817:
812:
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805:Benjamin Abbot
801:
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781:
779:Thomas Brattle
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748:
746:Samuel Willard
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:Nicholas Noyes
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:John Higginson
698:
693:
688:
678:
676:Thomas Barnard
672:
670:
666:
665:
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660:William Griggs
656:
654:
653:Town physician
650:
649:
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641:
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631:
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621:
619:George Herrick
616:
614:Joseph Herrick
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188:Brecknockshire
171:
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160:Wilkins family
94:
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69:
68:Known for
65:
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1931:Mary Bradbury
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1469:
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1441:Sarah Murrell
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1209:
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1206:Sarah Bridges
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1040:Margaret Rule
1038:
1036:
1035:Nicholas Rist
1033:
1031:
1030:Thomas Putnam
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
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1005:Hannah Putnam
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1001:
1000:Edward Putnam
998:
996:
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986:
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976:
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968:
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890:Joseph Fowler
888:
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870:Joseph Draper
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772:
770:
769:James Russell
767:
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747:
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739:
737:
736:Edward Payson
734:
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731:Samuel Parris
729:
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724:
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714:
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711:Cotton Mather
709:
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706:Deodat Lawson
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634:Samuel Sewall
632:
630:
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624:John Richards
622:
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612:
610:
609:John Hathorne
607:
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480:0-674-78526-6
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292:Ann Putnam Jr
289:
285:
284:Deodat Lawson
281:
276:
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258:
256:
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246:
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238:
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229:John Endecott
226:
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141:Brey Wilkeens
136:
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45:
41:
37:
28:
24:
17:
1878:Lydia Dustin
1873:John Durrant
1820:John Willard
1815:Sarah Wildes
1795:Ann Pudeator
1790:John Proctor
1780:Alice Parker
1745:Martha Corey
1689:Martha Tyler
1684:Joanna Tyler
1639:Sarah Bibber
1571:Hannah Tyler
1516:Abigail Rowe
1456:Sarah Phelps
1431:Mary Marston
1361:Dorothy Good
1326:Joseph Emons
1291:Ann Dolliver
1286:Rebecca Dike
1271:Francis Dane
1256:Sarah Cloyce
1146:Arthur Abbot
1110:John Wilkins
1105:Bray Wilkins
1104:
1085:Mary Walcott
965:Betty Parris
935:Henry Kinney
900:Mary Herrick
875:John Emerson
789:Thomas Maule
784:Robert Calef
691:Francis Dane
508:
502:
494:
489:
470:
464:
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427:
415:
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402:
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393:
389:
374:
334:John Wilkins
325:
316:
304:
296:Mary Walcott
288:kidney stone
266:John Willard
262:
241:
218:
208:
203:
196:John Wilkins
173:
140:
99:Bray Wilkins
98:
97:
20:Bray Wilkins
1987:1702 deaths
1982:1610 births
1836:Giles Corey
1800:Wilmot Redd
1750:Mary Eastey
1704:Mary Warren
1624:Mary Barker
1436:Sarah Morey
1396:Dorcas Hoar
1356:Eunice Frye
1266:Mary Colson
1095:Mary Warren
1075:Moses Tyler
1070:Peter Tufts
1050:Mercy Short
960:Sarah Nurse
945:Mercy Lewis
920:John Indian
895:Mary Fuller
865:John DeRich
860:Mary Daniel
380: 1655
369: 1656
356: 1697
300:Mercy Lewis
148: 1610
71:Founder of
1976:Categories
1951:Mary Green
1921:John Alden
1912:Escaped or
1883:Ann Foster
1755:Sarah Good
1556:Job Tookey
1506:Sarah Root
1501:Sarah Rist
1366:Mary Green
1276:Phoebe Day
1181:Mary Black
1156:John Alden
420:References
280:Dorchester
233:Dorchester
170:Early life
49:1702-01-01
1531:Ann Sears
1521:Mary Rowe
1466:Mary Post
1375:John Hale
1373:(wife of
1301:Mary Dyer
905:John Howe
696:John Hale
561:(1692–93)
341:Topsfield
83:Signature
57:Middleton
798:Accusers
571:Timeline
307:Nashaway
371:– 1715)
245:Danvers
1714:Tituba
669:Clergy
576:People
515:
477:
298:, and
275:Boston
1709:Candy
313:Death
204:after
184:Wales
513:ISBN
475:ISBN
43:Died
32:1610
26:Born
410:why
1978::
444:^
377:c.
366:c.
353:c.
294:,
209:or
194:,
166:.
145:c.
143:;
126:iː
107::
105:US
59:,
30:c.
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683:(
551:e
544:t
537:v
521:.
483:.
135:/
132:z
129:n
123:k
120:l
117:ɪ
114:w
111:/
51:)
47:(
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