130:
201:
31:
1811:
1805:
1217:
446:§ 4th The provisions at §§ 1st, 2nd and 3rd do not apply when dealing with exception or limitation to author's rights or those related to it, in conformity with the provisions of Law nº 9,610, of 19 February 1998, or with copy of intellectual work or phonogram, in a single exemplar, for private use by the copyist, without direct or indirect profit motive.
250:, the submission required "a copy in perfect conservation status"; for paintings, drawings, sculptures or other, a "perfectly clear" photograph of the work. A side effect of this time limit is that it would have made works created before 1897 uncopyrightable, as they would need to have been registered before the law was even promulgated.
227:
On 1 August 1898, Law Nº496 was promulgated, the first to explicitly mention "author's rights". It protected an author's right to reproduce (or authorize the reproduction of) their work – be it "literary, scientific or artistic" – through "publication, translation, representation or execution of any
173:
In 1891, copyright would finally become constitutional, in the first constitution of the
Brazilian republic. That, in itself, was a landmark in terms of Brazilian copyright protections. The law had a clear separation of patents and copyright, and delegated the duration of copyright to the Penal Code
125:
However, the general protection of creative works in Brazil first came from article 261 of the
Criminal Code of 1830. It protected any text ("or stamp") which had been written, composed or translated by Brazilian citizens, for the lifetime of the author, plus 10 years if they had any heirs. If such
425:
The legality of copying full works for private use is controversial. To the letter, the law technically disallows it – only "a single exemplar of few excerpts" is permitted. This would, for instance, prohibit copying paid-for (whole) songs from a computer to a phone. However, there is consensus by
156:
were also not considered for the 1830 text, and would likely not be illegal to reproduce in the following years as the technology developed. However, one must also consider the relative difficulty it would have been, in the mid to late 19th century, to copy or otherwise reproduce (a potentially
439:
Art. 184. Violar direitos de autor e os que lhe são conexos: § 4o O disposto nos §§ 1o, 2o e 3o não se aplica quando se tratar de exceção ou limitação ao direito de autor ou os que lhe são conexos, em conformidade com o previsto na Lei nº 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, nem a cópia de obra
169:
in 1889, copyright protections were expanded to encompass any type of artistic work – and no longer only literary works – in the Penal Code of 1890. The duration of copyright wasn't changed; it still lasted for the lifetime of the author, plus 10 years if they had any heirs.
228:
other kind". Counting from 1 January of the year of publication, the protection lasted 50 years for exact reproductions (i.e. exact copies), but it would only protect for 10 years the exclusive right to translate or otherwise represent the work in a non-reproductive way.
1504:
277:, the publishing party retains copyright for 70 years after publication, again counting from 1 January of the subsequent year. If the author is found or discovered before the work's copyright expires, it reverts to being lifetime plus 70 years.
1091:
1674:
359:
in books, newspapers, magazines or any other means of communication, of sections of any work, for the purpose of study, criticism or controversy, of a justifiable amount of content, indicating the name of the author and the source of the
1187:
1696:
1430:
180:
Aos autores de obras literárias e artísticas é garantido o direito exclusivo de reproduzi-las, pela imprensa ou por qualquer outro processo mecânico. Os herdeiros dos autores gozarão desse direito pelo tempo que a lei
1662:
1376:
403:, whenever the reproduction itself is not the main purpose of the new work and that it does not harm the normal exploration of the reproduced work or cause unjustifiable loss to the interests of the original authors.
1585:
1413:
370:
The use of literary, artistic or scientific works, audio recordings and radio or television transmissions in commercial establishments, exclusively for demonstration to clients, as long as these establishments
186:
To the authors of literary and artistic works is guaranteed the exclusive right to reproduce them, by press or any other mechanical process. Their heirs will enjoy that right for as long as the law determines.
95:
Os inventores terão a propriedade das suas descobertas, ou das suas producções. A Lei lhes assegurará um privilegio exclusivo temporario, ou lhes remunerará em resarcimento da perda, que hajam de soffrer pela
129:
1597:
101:
Inventors will have ownership of their discoveries, or their productions. The Law will assure them an exclusive temporary privilege, or compensate them on losses they may suffer through dissemination.
204:
Because the 1898 law set a time limit for the registration of works to acquire copyrights, any work created before 1897 would be uncopyrightable. This is the case of this portrait illustration of
137:. As the Brazilian copyright law of the time did not consider artworks – much less photography, which was still in its infancy – the reproduction of such a photo would not be illegal.
1086:
980:
The doctrine of Fair Use in author's rights in Brazil: the use of the north-american doctrine of Fair Use as a paradigm of interpretation of
Brazilian author's rights legislation
321:
or any other form of image representation, made-to-order, when reproduced by the owner, given that there is no opposition by the person represented in them or by their heirs;
1048:
975:
A doutrina do Fair Use no direito autoral brasileiro: o uso da doutrina norte-americana do Fair Use como paradigma de interpretação da lei de direito autoral brasileira
231:
For dead authors, owners of a posthumous work benefit from the author's rights, lasting 50 years counting from the date of death of the author. Author's rights of
1878:
44:. According to current copyright legislation in Brazil, this photo (and the film) entered the public domain 70 years after 1 January 1940; that is, in 2010.
414:
are also allowed, given that they are neither faithful reproductions of the originating work, nor disparaging to it. Additionally, Brazilian law has a
1854:
280:
Audiovisual works (such as films) and photographs are protected for 70 years after their publication, counting from 1 January of the subsequent year.
1175:
869:
1718:
1076:
1492:
1041:
367:
in an education institution by who they are directed to, barred their publication, in whole or in part, without authorization by the lecturer;
166:
983:
295:
However, copyright is not all-encompassing in Brazil – it has some limitations. The following are not considered copyright infringements:
200:
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1298:
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78:
1487:
114:
The first legal document to deal with the protection of creative works in Brazil was the Law of 11 August 1827, which gave
1847:
1462:
1206:
1163:
399:
The reproduction, in any work, of small sections of existing works, of any nature, or of the full work, when dealing with
1199:
1770:
1730:
1403:
1398:
1278:
874:
1686:
1477:
1393:
1341:
1336:
352:
The nonprofit reproduction, in a single exemplar of few excerpts, for private use by the copyist, if made by themself;
262:
lasts for the lifetime of the author plus 70 years, counting from 1 January of the subsequent year after their death.
1765:
1548:
1467:
1361:
1351:
1315:
1231:
1071:
243:
1119:
440:
intelectual ou fonograma, em um só exemplar, para uso privado do copista, sem intuito de lucro direto ou indireto.
141:
While it was a step in the direction of an all-encompassing copyright protection, the Code of 1830 protected only
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309:, as long as the name of the original author (if there is one) and of the original publication are mentioned;
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422:. It allows for their reproduction through paintings, drawings, photographs and "audiovisual procedures".
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30:
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1371:
907:
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that private copies do not constitute copyright infringement. This understanding was codified in the
239:
works belong to the work's editor, but if the author is found or discovered, they obtain the rights.
149:; this and other issues would be criticized by scholars in the decades that followed its enactment.
853:
485:
415:
209:
1004:
953:
205:
218:
1366:
336:
943:
246:
until 31 December of the year following the publication. For printed works, photographs and
242:
Crucially, this protection wasn't automatic: it was required that works be submitted to the
57:
948:
856:[Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil] (in Brazilian Portuguese). 16 December 1830
378:
332:
61:
36:
931:
1824:
434:
in 2003, essentially shielding offenders from punishment when copying for private use:
393:
270:
232:
126:
works were made by corporations, the protection lasted for 10 years after publication.
41:
17:
1867:
1820:
957:
892:"Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil (de 24 de Fevereiro de 1891)"
427:
340:
324:
312:
284:
266:
174:– as such, it remained as lifetime of the author, plus 10 years if there were heirs.
82:
815:
419:
400:
134:
364:
328:
247:
484:"Dissemination" is an imperfect translation; the original text's intent is of
407:
142:
1804:
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259:
236:
157:
single physical copy of) a photograph without authorization from the owner.
119:
1026:
1010:
382:
372:
318:
344:
146:
816:"Law No. 9.610 February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights"
265:
If the author is unknown or anonymous, any unpublished work is in the
838:"Constituição Politica do Imperio do Brazil (de 25 de Março de 1824)"
411:
115:
86:
53:
52:
is primarily based on Law Nº9,610 of 19 February 1998. Additionally,
973:
199:
128:
29:
287:
include those from authors who have died and left no successors.
133:
Photograph taken on 17 May 1888 depicting a mass celebrating the
118:
course professors exclusive publication rights to their course's
820:
385:
reasons in education establishments, given it is not-for-profit;
1030:
283:
Apart from expired copyright and unknown authors, works in the
1013:– Portal for the National Library's photographic collection,
388:
The use of literary, artistic or scientific works to produce
122:
for the 10 years following their approval by the government.
444:
Art. 184. Violating author's rights and those related to it:
381:
and musical execution, when done at home or for exclusively
192:
178:
93:
437:
1828:
418:
clause, concerning permanently displayed works in the
106:
932:"Evolução histórica dos direitos autorais no Brasil"
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1324:
1224:
1107:
908:"Decreto-Lei Nº 2.848, de 7 de Dezembro de 1940"
554:
436:
176:
91:
1848:
1042:
982:] (BA thesis) (in Brazilian Portuguese).
375:support or equipments that allow for its use;
8:
894:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 1891
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1519:
1049:
1035:
1027:
910:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 December 1940
602:
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269:. For published works where the author is
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758:
746:
734:
722:
710:
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506:
930:Dal Pizzol, Ricardo (21 December 2018).
878:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 August 1898
840:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 25 March 1824
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
499:
477:
949:10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v113i0p309-330
854:"Codigo Criminal do Imperio do Brazil"
794:
782:
770:
936:Trabalhos Acadêmicos de Pós-Graduação
870:"Lei Nº 496, de 1º de Agosto de 1898"
258:For works where the author is known,
7:
1800:
1798:
984:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
1879:Brazilian intellectual property law
1007:– Government's public domain portal
25:
1784:Category:Copyright law by country
339:, as long as the reproduction is
305:News or informative articles, in
77:Brazil's first constitution, the
1809:
1803:
1215:
1082:International copyright treaties
972:Gurjão, Paulo José (July 2019).
347:or other appropriated procedure;
193:First Republic Constitution 1891
135:abolition of slavery in Brazil
1:
1819:This article relating to the
1072:Copyright case law by country
302:Laws and technical standards;
85:, and instead only mentioned
79:Imperial Constitution of 1824
34:Production photo of the film
1827:. You can help Knowledge by
1077:Copyright lengths by country
167:Proclamation of the Republic
938:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
438:
335:, for exclusive use by the
154:barely invented photographs
1905:
1797:
244:National Library of Brazil
107:Imperial Constitution 1824
1779:
1213:
1067:Copyright acts by country
1062:
379:Theatrical representation
179:
94:
1884:Latin American law stubs
1874:Copyright law by country
1099:Rule of the shorter term
1057:Copyright law by country
145:, not any other kind of
254:Current copyright terms
50:copyright law of Brazil
27:Aspect of Brazilian law
18:Brazilian copyright law
1015:Brasiliana Fotográfica
1011:Brasiliana Fotográfica
1005:Portal Domínio Público
555:Código Criminal (1830)
457:
224:
198:
152:For example, the then-
138:
112:
45:
1889:Brazil politics stubs
466:Berne three-step test
299:The reproduction of:
203:
132:
33:
1488:United Arab Emirates
875:Câmara dos Deputados
432:Penal Code of Brazil
81:, did not deal with
593:, pp. 318–319.
533:, pp. 314–315.
486:patent infringement
416:freedom of panorama
210:president of Brazil
1719:Russian Federation
1262:Dominican Republic
392:or administrative
363:The collection of
225:
223:, created in 1896.
206:Prudente de Morais
139:
46:
1836:
1835:
1792:
1791:
1754:
1753:
785:, pp. 53–54.
603:Dal Pizzol (2018)
591:Dal Pizzol (2018)
579:Dal Pizzol (2018)
567:Dal Pizzol (2018)
543:Dal Pizzol (2018)
531:Dal Pizzol (2018)
519:Dal Pizzol (2018)
337:visually impaired
315:, in periodicals;
40:(1939), starring
16:(Redirected from
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759:Law 9.610 (1998)
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735:Law 9.610 (1998)
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711:Law 9.610 (1998)
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333:scientific works
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109:, Art. 179. XXVI
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58:Berne Convention
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1092:related rights
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797:, pp. 54.
787:
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725:, Art. 45 (I).
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
663:Law 496 (1898)
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651:Law 496 (1898)
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639:Law 496 (1898)
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627:Law 496 (1898)
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615:Law 496 (1898)
607:
605:, p. 319.
595:
583:
581:, p. 318.
571:
569:, p. 317.
559:
547:
545:, p. 316.
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521:, p. 314.
511:
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165:Following the
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83:creative works
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42:Carmen Miranda
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1207:South Africa
989:11 September
987:. Retrieved
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912:. Retrieved
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1771:New Zealand
1731:Switzerland
1695: [
1673: [
1661: [
1617:Netherlands
1608: [
1596: [
1584: [
1547: [
1535: [
1503: [
1491: [
1458:Philippines
1429: [
1412: [
1404:South Korea
1399:North Korea
1375: [
1332:Afghanistan
1307: [
1279:El Salvador
1270: [
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1147:Ivory Coast
1118: [
1018: [
942:: 309–330.
809:Legislation
557:, Art. 261.
307:periodicals
291:Limitations
248:lithographs
217: [
181:determinar.
1868:Categories
1692:Kyrgyzstan
1687:Kazakhstan
1605:Luxembourg
1500:Uzbekistan
1478:Tajikistan
1394:Kazakhstan
1342:Bangladesh
1337:Azerbaijan
1183:Mozambique
1159:Madagascar
1087:by country
963:19 January
898:19 January
860:19 January
844:19 January
828:16 January
761:, Art. 48.
749:, Art. 47.
737:, Art. 46.
713:, Art. 44.
701:, Art. 43.
677:, Art. 41.
665:, Art. 13.
653:, Art. 11.
495:References
1766:Australia
1593:Lithuania
1468:Sri Lanka
1362:Indonesia
1352:Hong Kong
1316:Venezuela
1232:Argentina
958:186643706
882:2 January
641:, Art. 8.
629:, Art. 3.
617:, Art. 1.
412:parodying
390:judiciary
357:quotation
343:and uses
319:Portraits
275:pseudonym
271:anonymous
260:copyright
237:pseudonym
233:anonymous
120:compendia
1483:Thailand
1453:Pakistan
1426:Mongolia
1421:Malaysia
1284:Honduras
1225:Americas
1132:Cameroon
460:See also
449:—
394:evidence
383:didactic
329:artistic
325:Literary
208:, third
190:—
104:—
60:and the
1759:Oceania
1741:Ukraine
1704:Moldova
1682:Georgia
1670:Belarus
1658:Armenia
1653:Albania
1627:Romania
1571:Ireland
1561:Germany
1544:Belgium
1532:Austria
1438:Myanmar
1409:Lebanon
1304:Uruguay
1267:Ecuador
1242:Bolivia
1237:Bermuda
1195:Senegal
1171:Morocco
1127:Burundi
345:braille
147:artwork
87:patents
68:History
1736:Turkey
1726:Serbia
1709:Russia
1637:Sweden
1622:Poland
1581:Latvia
1566:Greece
1556:France
1516:Europe
1389:Jordan
1372:Israel
1289:Panama
1252:Canada
1247:Brazil
1108:Africa
956:
824:. 2013
116:jurist
54:Brazil
1823:is a
1699:]
1677:]
1665:]
1632:Spain
1612:]
1600:]
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1576:Italy
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1473:Syria
1443:Nepal
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1384:Japan
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1357:India
1347:China
1311:]
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1257:Chile
1202:]
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1142:Egypt
1137:Ghana
1122:]
1115:Benin
1022:]
978:[
954:S2CID
472:Notes
360:work;
273:or a
221:]
212:, by
1825:stub
1714:USSR
1448:Oman
1367:Iran
1325:Asia
1294:Peru
991:2024
965:2022
916:2024
900:2022
884:2024
862:2022
846:2022
830:2022
821:WIPO
410:and
355:The
48:The
944:doi
940:113
331:or
235:or
1870::
1697:ru
1675:ru
1663:ru
1610:de
1598:ru
1586:ru
1549:fr
1537:de
1505:ru
1493:de
1431:ru
1414:ru
1377:ru
1309:es
1272:es
1200:fr
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1176:fr
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1152:fr
1120:fr
1020:pt
952:.
934:.
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327:,
219:pt
89::
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1856:e
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993:.
967:.
946::
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864:.
848:.
832:.
509:.
396:;
20:)
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