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454:. Brazilian mergansers are very territorial birds defending large stretches of river and the land surrounding the fast-flowing water. They are recognized as a resident species that does not abandon the watercourses where it established its territory. They do not move or want to move once their habitats have disappeared. The birds need large territories and their habitat is fast dwindling.
442:, Argentina, the first record in the country for ten years, despite extensive surveys done by local researchers conducted throughout previous years. The bird was last reported seen in 1984 in Paraguay, where very little habitat remains; however some local reports show that a few individuals may still be living in the area.
523:
reservoir, which took place between 1989 and 1991, had a major impact on
Brazilian mergansers in Argentina. The population declined drastically when its fast-flowing rivers were turned into large lakes. After the Urugua-i dam was built, the birds have only been seen on the Uruzu stream, a tributary
375:, when rain is minimal and water levels are low, but it may vary geographically. The Brazilian merganser usually lays three to six eggs in June and July, with the chicks hatching during the following July and August. The young are capable of flight by September and/or October. Only the female birds
329:
is particularly noticeable in flight. It has a long thin jagged black bill with red feet and legs. Although females are smaller with a shorter bill and crest, both sexes are alike in color. The slender ducks range in size from 49 to 56 centimetres (19 to 22 in) as an adult. Young
Brazilian
379:
the eggs, but both parents care for the young. This is a very unusual behavior in ducks for both parents to help raise the young birds including direct provision of food to young. Adult
Brazilian mergansers are believed to remain on the same territory all year round, but there is not very much
516:(rio Novo). The hydropower plants are a major threat to the birds' survival because the plants transform systems such as creeks, rivers and streams into turbid lake systems. The project has government backing in spite of the damage it may cause.
426:
region is the most significant and best known, with populations occurring hundreds of kilometers away from each other. There are 47 individuals—28 adults and 19 young—in the Serra de
Canastra region as of 2006. Most mergansers are found in the
724:
Fereiro Bruno, Sávio; de
Carvalho, Rafael Bessa Alves; Bartmann, Wolf (2006). "Reproductive Rate and Development of Ducklings of Brazilian Merganser at Serra da Canastra National Park, Minas Gereias, Brazil, 2001-2005"
555:
disturb the natural habitats for the
Brazilian mergansers that thrive on the rapid-rivers, interrupting breeding patterns. Water pollution and deforestation are also a concern as new facilities are built.
571:. Very few individuals survive from these threats and extinction may be imminent. People hunting the birds for food and collecting them for exhibition specimens contributed to the decline of the species.
431:. 70 birds have been seen near the park's headquarters in rio SĂŁo Francisco. In JalapĂŁo region are estimated 13 individuals in Novo river on 2009/2010 (four couples and some solitary adults).
684:
Barbosa, M. O. & Almeida, M. L. (2010). Novas observações e dados reprodutivos do pato-mergulhão Mergus octosetaceus na região do Jalapão, Tocantins, Brasil. Cotinga 32: OL 40–45.
1131:
748:
William H. Partridge The Auk, Vol. 73, No. 4 (Oct., 1956), pp. 473–488. Published by: University of
California Press on behalf of the American Ornithologists' Union Stable
1101:
410:
The merganser population is believed to have less than 250 birds. Originally, the duck's geographical distribution comprised central-south Brazil and adjacent regions in
969:
462:
The
Brazilian mergansers are very sensitive to habitat degradation and loss primarily due to human actions. A major threat to the birds' survival is the issue of
1008:
497:. It is common in the region to see farmers burning forest areas causing environmental damage to the natural vegetation and soils and the resident species.
1141:
450:
The slender
Brazilian mergansers live in low densities in remote and mountainous regions where it inhabits clean rivers and streams with river rapids and
321:, which is usually shorter and more worn-looking in females. Upperparts are dark grey while the breast is light grey, getting paler toward the whitish
734:
Galindo-Leal, Carlos, and Isben de Gusmao Camara. The
Atlantic Forest of South America: Biodiversity Status, Threats, and Outlook. Island Press, 2003.
943:
982:
1126:
333:
The Brazilian mergansers are generally silent birds, but may make barking calls in certain situations. Four calls have been recorded. A harsh
766:
715:
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (1992) Handbook of the Birds of the World – Ostrich to Ducks. Vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
46:
679:
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654:
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of 8-to-14-kilometre (5.0 to 8.7 mi) stretches of rivers. Tree cavities, rock crevices, or disused burrows predominantly made by
493:, especially water, on which the Brazilian mergansers and the farmers themselves are dependent. One of the farming practices here is
68:
760:
695:
850:
1136:
1121:
742:
Wildlife Extra, "Critically Endangered Brazilian Merganser to be radio tagged ". Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. December 1, 2008
428:
718:"Environmental Education for the Conservation of a Critically Endangered Species". Terra Brasilis Institute. December 2, 2008
712:
De Luca, Arthur, Develey Pedro, and Olmos Fabio. Final Report: Waterbirds in Brazil. SĂŁo Paulo, Brasil: Rua FernĂŁo Dias, 2006.
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116:
39:
33:
1013:
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Depending on the availability of suitable nesting and feeding sites, Brazilian merganser pairs occupy permanent
50:
1116:
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landmark. Tourists are attracted to the abundant supply of clear water with over 150 waterfalls in the area.
504:. Hydropower plants are planned to be built in the same rivers that Brazilian mergansers have been found in
380:
information about their movements and dispersal, so information on this is presently speculative in nature.
1026:
871:
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247:
231:
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539:. The scenic beauty of Serra de Canastra National Park brings people from around the world to see the
489:
and use practices in the region from farming may bring about serious damage regarding conservation of
930:
863:
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1111:
706:"Critically Endangered Brazilian Merganser to be radio tagged ". Wildlife Extra. November 10, 2008
369:
101:
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Dam-building has also become a major part in the disappearance of these birds. The filling of the
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and information on most populations is very scarce. The Brazilian merganser population in the
326:
1052:
418:. Currently, all confirmed populations are located in Brazil and a more recent population in
837:
639:
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318:
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257:
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121:
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BirdLife International (2008) Species factsheet: Mergus octosetaceus. Accessed from
899:
544:
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188:
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Grosset, Arthur. "Brazilian Merganser". Arthur Grosset's Birds. November 10, 2008
1065:
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This merganser is a dark, slender duck with a shiny dark-green hood with a long
277:
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540:
338:
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emitted in flight. Males make a barking dog-like call, females make a harsh
290:
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also create a disturbance for the Brazilian mergansers. Activities such as
1039:
802:
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529:
439:
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Argentina Guide. "Nature in Iguazu". Enjoy Argentina. November 25, 2008
948:
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532:, where the Brazilian mergansers build their nests and lay their eggs.
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391:
387:
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700:"Brazilian Merganser". Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust. November 10, 2008
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of the Urugua-i. The dams flood suitable habitat, especially in
398:. The birds, usually in pairs, capture fish by diving in river
383:
306:
293:
species in the world, with possibly fewer than 250 birds in the
178:
783:
18:
386:
is the Brazilian merganser's main food, and they also eat
330:
mergansers are mainly black with white throat and breast.
500:
A new threat to the species includes the installation of
364:
are the ideal places for these mergansers to build their
792:
618:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22680482A143756439.en
368:. It is thought the breeding season is during the
657:. Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust. Archived from
767:images and movies of the Brazilian merganser
535:Another threat to the Brazilian merganser is
8:
1132:Critically endangered biota of South America
588:
586:
584:
1102:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
434:In 2002, the species was also found on the
780:
256:
110:
91:
82:
616:
309:with a great number of tooth-like edges.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
32:This article includes a list of general
580:
694:BirdLife International (October, 2006)
775:Brazilian Merganser on postage stamps
466:of rivers caused by the expansion of
7:
1142:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
604:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
349:. Ducklings give a high pitched
135:
23:
593:BirdLife International (2019).
429:Serra da Canastra National Park
345:and the contact call is a soft
1:
1127:Critically endangered animals
305:. It has a long, sharp-edged
286:genus. It is one of the most
474:, watershed degradation and
297:and a small number kept in
1158:
761:BirdLife Species Factsheet
611:: e.T22680482A143756439.
255:
237:
230:
132:Scientific classification
130:
108:
99:
90:
85:
1137:Birds described in 1817
1122:Endemic birds of Brazil
53:more precise citations.
559:Other threats include
276:) is a South American
769:(Mergus octosetaceus)
655:"Brazilian Merganser"
117:Critically Endangered
502:hydroelectric plants
495:shifting cultivation
485:Current traditional
223:M. octosetaceus
86:Brazilian merganser
1079:Mergus-octosetaceus
851:mergus-octosetaceus
838:Mergus_octosetaceus
824:Mergus octosetaceus
794:Mergus octosetaceus
597:Mergus octosetaceus
545:Sporting activities
452:riparian vegetation
273:Mergus octosetaceus
268:Brazilian merganser
241:Mergus octosetaceus
102:Conservation status
661:on 7 November 2007
1089:
1088:
1048:Open Tree of Life
786:Taxon identifiers
512:(rio ParanĂŁ) and
491:natural resources
424:Serra da Canastra
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663:. Retrieved
659:the original
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622:. Retrieved
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499:
484:
476:soil erosion
470:activities,
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436:Arroyo Uruzu
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189:Anseriformes
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59:January 2009
56:
37:
1022:Neotropical
957:iNaturalist
818:Wikispecies
624:12 November
358:territories
347:rak-rak-rak
337:acts as an
335:krack-krack
313:Description
278:diving duck
51:introducing
1112:Mergansers
1096:Categories
1074:Xeno-canto
729:15: 25–33
575:References
565:pesticides
561:inbreeding
541:ecotourism
406:Population
394:and their
362:armadillos
339:alarm call
288:threatened
34:references
765:ARKive –
727:TWSG News
569:predation
514:Tocantins
420:Argentina
416:Argentina
299:captivity
291:waterfowl
217:Species:
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
1061:Species+
1001:22680482
975:10855107
877:22680482
872:BirdLife
803:Wikidata
549:canoeing
530:Paraguay
521:Urugua-i
440:Misiones
412:Paraguay
388:molluscs
377:incubate
351:ik-ik-ik
343:rrr-rrrr
327:speculum
248:Vieillot
199:Anatidae
195:Family:
169:Chordata
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
122:IUCN 3.1
1053:3595919
1027:bramer1
1014:1570318
949:5232480
936:1048506
913:bramer1
887:bramer1
859:Avibase
809:Q907237
553:rafting
537:tourism
468:farming
464:silting
446:Habitat
392:insects
370:austral
280:in the
205:Genus:
185:Order:
175:Class:
120: (
47:improve
1107:Mergus
988:175193
920:ECOS:
846:ARKive
665:8 June
526:Brazil
506:Paraná
472:mining
458:Threat
400:rapids
396:larvae
373:winter
303:Brazil
283:Mergus
250:, 1817
210:Mergus
36:, but
1066:10789
1040:70514
970:IRMNG
908:eBird
900:3ZTRP
884:BOW:
643:81794
510:Goiás
366:nests
323:belly
319:crest
1009:NCBI
996:IUCN
983:ITIS
962:6999
944:GBIF
667:2009
626:2021
609:2019
567:and
551:and
528:and
414:and
384:Fish
307:beak
295:wild
266:The
179:Aves
931:EoL
923:607
895:CoL
833:ADW
638:75
613:doi
438:in
301:in
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640:FR
607:.
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583:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
