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348:. These were four separate events, consisting of between 2.4 to 3.6 million cubic metres of rock, which then mobilised a further 7.8 to 9.9 million cubic metres of snow and ice. Four additional pre-20th century rockfall events have also been identified on the Brenva Glacier. These occurred in 1767 AD; the early 14th century; between 426 and 615 AD; and between 2750 and 2350 calendar years BP.
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As at 1989, the Brenva
Glacier had a maximum length of 7.64 km (4.75 mi), and an area of 8.06 km (3.11 sq mi), making it the eighth largest in Italy by area. Like most alpine glaciers, it has been retreating since that time, and is now approximately 6.7 km (4.2 mi)
362:
The major rockfall events on the Brenva
Glacier have deposited so much rock debris that the normal balance between the upper accumulation zone and lower ablation zone has been compromised. For example, the 1920 rock avalanche added so much additional material to the already rock-covered lower zone,
287:
field, before reforming as a broad rock-covered glacial tongue. Since 2004, the lower section below the serac field has become completely separated from the upper section, resulting in the active front of the glacier now being at 2,350 m (7,710 ft) asl – some 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)
336:
river, whilst the air blast destroyed mature forest trees and buildings on the opposite side of the valley. The total volume of rock, snow and ice was estimated at four million cubic metres. Further investigation suggested that the avalanche was not caused directly by the rockfall, but through
358:
Retreat of the Brenva
Glacier since 1988 has exposed its lateral moraines which served to channel the massive 1997 rock avalanche between them. By contrast, earlier advance of the glacier that has started in 1913 served to raise the ice level above the moraines, thus causing the rock in that
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On 18 January 1997 a major rockfall occurred at around 3,725 m (12,221 ft) which initiated an enormous avalanche that travelled 5.5 km (3.4 mi) horizontally, descending over 2,285 m (7,497 ft) into the floor of
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that ablation was significantly reduced. This effectively insulated that part of the glacier, resulting in its advance by an extra 490 metres between 1920 and 1941, and at a time when other glaciers nearby were retreating.
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in length, but still remains the second longest. It has an area of approximately 7 km (2.7 sq mi) and, in its upper region, the glacier has a recorded speed of flow of 180 metres (590 ft) per year.
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The old tongue of the glacier reaches down low into the Val Veni and is easily reached on foot from Entrèves or
Courmayeur. It takes about six hours for alpine climbers to reach the Brenva Bivouac from Courmayeur.
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The Brenva
Glacier is formed from three branches, and descends steeply in a south-easterly direction, passing through a narrow neck (known as the Pierre à Moulin) at 2,460 to 2,550 metres (8,070 to 8,370 ft)
379:) is a very small mountain refuge providing bivouac shelter for up to five people. It is at an altitude of approximately 3140 metres above sea level. Open all year round, it is not attended, and is owned by the
832:"itinerario, Ghiacciaio della Brenva - freeride, Luoghi - Itinerari, Courmayeur Mont Blanc vacanze in montagna, sci e alpinismo d'alta quota in estate ed inverno sul Monte Bianco - Valle d'Aosta Italy"
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deposits. These indicate that those moraines themselves had once been exposed and forested, but then subsequently reburied by new moraines during another period of glacial advance.
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seismic shock causing seracs to collapse which, in turn, then initiated the snow and ice avalanche. The rock avalanche itself has been described as a classic example of a
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The lower section of the Brenva
Glacier is covered in rock – the remnants of earlier rockfalls in November 1920 from the east face of the
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231:. Over the centuries it has experienced a number of major rock avalanches which have shaped the glacier and influenced its movement.
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486:"Avalanche of 18 January 1997 on Brenva Glacier, Mont Blanc Group, Western Italian Alps: an unusual process of formation"
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244:
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Barbero, Rossana
Serandrei; Zanon, Georgio (1989), "The Italian Alps", in Williams, R.S.; Ferrigno, J.G. (eds.),
332:. It killed two skiers and built a 25 m (82 ft)-high dam of snow and ice which temporarily blocked the
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345:
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441:(2nd ed.). 1:25,000. Carte Topographique (in French). Paris: Institut Géographique National. 1986.
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Located on a very large rock promontory between the upper branches of the glacier, the Brenva
Bivouac (
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Evidence for the glacier's re-advance in the past has been found in the form of ancient logs buried in
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857:
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Geografia Fisica e
Dinamica Quarternaria (Supplements of Physical Geography and Quaternary Dynamics)
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264:
33:
View up the Brenva
Glacier in July 2004, showing lower section completely covered with rock debris
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Glacier fluctuations in the Italian Mont Blanc massif from the Little Ice Age until the present
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Minor rockfalls occur very frequently from the steep mountainsides above the Brenva Glacier.
685:"Brenva glacier rock avalanche of 18 January 1997 on the Mount Blanc range, northwest Italy"
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196:
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578:, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-H, U.S. Geological Survey, pp. E39,
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715:"Recent Brenva rock avalanches (Valley of Aosta): New chapter in an old story?"
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399:, but is only suitable for advanced freeride/snowboarders and skiers.
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Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World - Glaciers of the Alps
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858:"Tour Ronde Brenva ski-alpinisme | Guides Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc"
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Singh, Vijay P.; Singh, Pratap; Haritashya, Umesh K. (2011-06-29).
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537:"The Brenva Glacier (Mt. Blanc, Alps) has lost its valley tongue"
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756:"Late Holocene fluctuations of Brenva glacier ( Italian Alps)"
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Glacier located on the southern side of the Mont Blanc massif
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The upper slopes of the Brenva Glacier can be reached via a
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Giani, Gian Paulo; Silvano, Sandro; Zanon, Georgio (2001).
215:. It is the second longest and eighth largest glacier in
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Supplementi di Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria
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Des glaciers du Faucigny aux glaciers du Mont-Blanc
359:avalanche to come to rest outside of the moraines.
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807:"Bivouac de la Brenva 3060 m (cabane non gardée)"
602:. Montmélian: La Fontaine de Siloé. p. 296.
862:Compagnie des Guides de Saint-Gervais Mont-Blanc
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243:of the Brenva Glacier are enclosed by the
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636:. Springer Science & Business Media.
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165:7 square kilometres (2.7 sq mi)
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395:below the Tour Ronde, accessed from the
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889:, Master's Thesis, University of Bern.
633:Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers
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207:, located on the southern side of the
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754:Orombelli, Giuseppe (January 1982).
439:saint gervais les bains - mont-blanc
283:(asl), and then falls sharply as a
658:"View a glacier: GLACIER "BRENVA""
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914:(Italian glacier mapping portal)
830:Turismo, Courmayeur Mont Blanc.
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856:Vrinat, Stephane (2016-03-02).
780:"Brenva Bivouac | Aosta Valley"
458:"Brenva glacier | Aosta Valley"
288:higher than it was previously.
98:Brenva Glacier (Northern Italy)
65:Glacier's location in the Alps
1:
900:Brenva Glacier on Google maps
304:Mont Blanc - South-East side
296:Rockfall and glacial advance
249:Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey
836:www.courmayeurmontblanc.it/
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514:10.3189/172756401781819157
314:Aiguille Noire de Peuterey
245:Aiguille Noire de Peuterey
101:Show map of Northern Italy
316:(right). Viewed from the
219:, and descends down into
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173:6.7 km (4.2 mi)
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253:Mont Blanc de Courmayeur
713:Deline, Philip (2001).
201:Ghiacciaio della Brenva
114:Northern slopes of the
885:Patrizia Imhof (2010)
535:Cerutti, A.V. (2005).
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273:Aiguille de la Brenva
933:Glaciers of the Alps
493:Annals of Glaciology
377:Bivouac de la Brenva
346:Grand Pilier d'Angle
312:Brenva Glacier with
193:Glacier de la Brenva
146:45.82861°N 6.89889°E
598:Vivian, R. (2001).
505:2001AnGla..32..333G
437:"3531 est" (Map).
397:Skyway Monte Bianco
381:Italian Alpine Club
142: /
910:2017-10-22 at the
367:Brenva Bivouac hut
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241:accumulation zones
928:Glaciers of Italy
905:Castato Ghiacciai
585:978-0-607-71457-9
209:Mont Blanc massif
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265:Brenva Arête
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864:(in French)
499:: 333–338.
413:Portal:Alps
334:Dora Baltea
261:Mont Maudit
235:Description
223:, close to
149: /
124:Coordinates
922:Categories
868:2019-02-06
842:2019-02-06
816:2019-02-06
789:2019-02-06
765:2019-02-06
739:5 February
694:2019-02-04
667:2019-02-04
551:5 February
520:5 February
467:2019-01-30
419:References
339:sturzstrom
318:Tour Ronde
271:, and the
269:Tour Ronde
257:Mont Blanc
239:The upper
229:Courmayeur
134:45°49′43″N
116:Mont Blanc
734:0391-9838
137:6°53′56″E
908:Archived
547:(2): 229
407:See also
330:Val Veny
225:Entrèves
221:Val Veny
111:Location
501:Bibcode
353:moraine
227:, near
211:in the
205:glacier
197:Italian
732:
640:
606:
582:
387:Access
373:French
267:, the
263:, the
247:, the
189:French
170:Length
118:massif
718:(PDF)
576:(PDF)
489:(PDF)
285:serac
217:Italy
741:2019
730:ISSN
638:ISBN
604:ISBN
580:ISBN
553:2019
522:2019
213:Alps
183:The
162:Area
509:doi
393:col
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