1173:
450:
350:). The following year, Henry III invaded again, skirted the border defences and laid siege to Bretislav in Prague. Forced by a mutiny among his nobles and betrayed by Bishop Šebíř of Prague, Bretislav had to renounce all of his conquests save for Moravia and recognize Henry III as his sovereign. In 1042, Emperor Henry III granted Bretislav Silesia as a lien.
385:
as the law of succession. Younger members of the dynasty were supposed to govern fiefs (technically, parts of
Moravia), but only at the duke's discretion. The result of this succession policy was the relative indivisibility of the Czech lands, but also bitter conflicts over succession and territorial
486:
had only one son, Bretislav, and he was of illegitimate birth, thus complicating the prospect of a marriage with the high-born Judith. Bretislav solved the problem by kidnapping Judith from a monastery in
Schweinfurt. He was never punished for this crime, and he married Judith some time later. Their
440:
in 1055 during preparations for another invasion of
Hungary and was succeeded by his son Spytihněv II as Duke of Bohemia. His sons Otto and Vratislav were shut out of the government by Spytihněv, but after his death gained control of Moravia and Bohemia, respectively.
491:
was born after almost ten years, which led to the hypothesis that the kidnapping happened in 1029, although Judith may have given birth to daughters before her first son. In all, there were five sons from the marriage that survived into adulthood:
353:
In 1047, Emperor Henry III negotiated a peace treaty between
Bretislav and the Poles. This pact worked in Bretislav's favour, as the Polish ruler swore never again to attack Bohemia in return for an annual subsidy to Gniezno.
563:
The exact date of the conquest of
Moravia is unknown; Czech (and some Slovak) historians assert the earlier date, while their German and Polish colleagues recognize the latter one.
401:
was to succeed him as Duke of
Bohemia with control over it domains. Moravia was incorporated into the Bohemian duchy, but divided among three of his younger sons. The
331:. His raid had an unintended enduring influence on Polish history, as the plundering and destruction of Gniezno forced the next Polish rulers to move their capital to
1172:
753:
Vercamer, Grischa (2022). "The Holy Roman Empire and East
Central Europe (High Middle Ages):Politics and Influences". In Vercamer, Grischa; Zupka, Dušan (eds.).
870:
1522:
1572:
271:
in 1034 was probably the reason why
Bretislav fled beyond the Bohemian border, only to come back to take the throne after Jaromír's abdication.
40:
1408:
1383:
863:
707:
1582:
1398:
1040:
496:
398:
134:
81:
726:
Krofta, Kamil (1957). "Bohemia to the
Extinction of the Premyslids". In Tanner, J.R.; Previte-Orton, C.W.; Brooke, Z.N. (eds.).
1428:
1378:
1122:
1117:
1092:
985:
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primacy between members of the dynasty. It was effectively ended by the elevation of
Bohemia to the status of a kingdom under
1473:
1468:
1423:
1233:
1107:
1081:
1045:
1010:
1076:
1061:
1463:
1413:
1403:
1388:
1244:
1071:
1005:
995:
990:
980:
532:
339:
280:
1418:
1393:
1000:
856:
516:
426:
150:
1030:
1025:
268:
229:
222:
182:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1066:
840:
488:
1577:
1484:
1158:
1051:
1015:
879:
506:
414:
142:
53:
1344:
1283:
1239:
1153:
501:
449:
406:
138:
921:
906:
1507:
1143:
1020:
1479:
1310:
232:. As an illegitimate son who could not obtain a desirable wife by conventional means, he chose to kidnap
1562:
1535:
1148:
467:
454:
378:
233:
122:
823:
483:
172:
71:
1567:
1557:
1489:
1329:
1273:
1138:
1112:
891:
540:
471:
459:
387:
237:
206:
162:
1526:
1349:
1213:
1199:
536:
528:
475:
343:
479:
304:
264:
1448:
1363:
1315:
1258:
703:
511:
422:
382:
328:
241:
146:
129:
1194:
430:
363:
308:
1228:
830:
347:
210:
1531:
883:
718:
544:
539:
built in the period 1344–66. Bretislav I was depicted in the fresco composition of the
292:
194:
45:
1551:
1511:
1434:
391:
320:
288:
1056:
951:
961:
687:
Central Europe in the High Middle Ages:Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900-c.1300
245:
39:
316:
700:
Bretislav I: Bohemia and Central Europe in the first half of the 11th century
911:
535:
in 930, and his tomb is now situated in the Chapel of St. Wenceslaus in the
226:
17:
916:
332:
296:
766:. Translated by Kaiser, Denise A. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
640:
638:
311:
and the Five Brothers back with him. On the way back, he regained part of
931:
367:
482:
through a marriage to Judith in 1020. Judith was a desirable bride, but
381:. In 1054, he established rules for the ducal succession and introduced
946:
926:
437:
402:
371:
312:
300:
284:
260:
252:
157:
112:
848:
773:
Hastening Toward Prague: Power and Society in the Medieval Czech Lands
956:
410:
324:
256:
685:
Berend, Nora; Urbaniczyk, Przemyslaw; Wiszewski, Przemyslaw (2013).
941:
936:
448:
696:
Břetislav I.: Čechy a střední Evropa v prvé polovině XI. století
418:
251:
During his father's reign, in 1019 or 1029, Bretislav took back
852:
342:
invaded Bohemia, but was forced to retreat after he lost the
755:
East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450
362:
Bretislav was the author of decrees concerning the rules of
267:. The partition of Bohemia between Oldřich and his brother
644:
335:, which would retain this role for many centuries ahead.
613:
611:
609:
607:
582:
580:
1516:
During his reign obtained non-hereditary royal title
702:] (in Czech) (2nd. ed.). Prague: Garamond.
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32:
478:wished to confirm its good relationship with the
728:Cambridge Medieval History:Victory of the Papacy
394:as the ruling principle for succession rights.
764:Conrad II, 990-1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms
737:The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia
864:
327:and create a large state subject only to the
279:In 1035, Bretislav helped Holy Roman Emperor
263:in order to prevent its expansion under king
201:; 1002/1005 – 10 January 1055), known as the
8:
730:. Vol. VI. Cambridge University Press.
1453:
1368:
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38:
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645:Berend, Urbaniczyk & Wiszewski 2013
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377:It was in 1030 that Bretislav married
629:
453:Bretislav kidnapping his future wife
44:12th-century fresco depiction in the
7:
390:, which led to the establishment of
775:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
236:, a daughter of the Bavarian noble
213:from 1034 until his death in 1055.
527:Bretislav I was buried in the old
25:
547:, painted in the period 1134–61.
319:. His main goal was to set up an
27:Duke of Bohemia from 1034 to 1055
1573:11th-century monarchs of Bohemia
1171:
429:, entered the church and became
110:10 January 1055 (aged c. 50–53)
221:Bretislav was the son of Duke
1:
971:
717:Krzemieńska, Barbara (1999).
694:Krzemieńska, Barbara (1999).
689:. Cambridge University Press.
497:Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia
135:Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia
1538:from the Wittelsbach dynasty
757:. Brill. p. 356-396379.
746:A History of the Czech Lands
303:, and brought the relics of
470:, the daughter of Margrave
457:from a monastery, from the
1599:
366:, which included a ban on
1503:
1169:
837:
828:
820:
815:
790:
735:Mahoney, William (2011).
517:Jaromír, Bishop of Prague
507:Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia
338:In 1040, the German King
259:. About 1031, he invaded
151:Jaromír, Bishop of Prague
143:Conrad I, Duke of Bohemia
37:
1284:Ladislaus the Posthumous
771:Wolverton, Lisa (2001).
762:Wolfram, Herwig (2006).
744:Pánek, Jaroslav (2009).
502:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
139:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
1583:Roman Catholic monarchs
1132:1198–1306 (Kings)
397:Bretislav's eldest son
283:in his war against the
974:870–1198 (Dukes)
531:in Prague, founded by
463:
287:. In 1039, he invaded
198:
63:1034 – 10 January 1055
922:Přemysl the Ploughman
748:. Charles University.
455:Judith of Schweinfurt
452:
379:Judith of Schweinfurt
234:Judith of Schweinfurt
123:Judith of Schweinfurt
95:between 1002 and 1005
1195:Henry the Carinthian
1123:Vladislaus III Henry
472:Henry of Schweinfurt
460:Chronicle of Dalimil
425:. The youngest son,
388:Ottokar I of Bohemia
238:Henry of Schweinfurt
1527:Wittelsbach dynasty
1021:Boleslaus the Brave
537:St. Vitus Cathedral
203:"Bohemian Achilles"
1067:Svatopluk the Lion
659:, p. 102,197.
484:Oldřich of Bohemia
466:Bretislav married
464:
436:Bretislav died at
173:Oldřich of Bohemia
1545:
1544:
1499:
1498:
1449:Habsburg-Lorraine
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1442:
1358:
1357:
1324:
1323:
1292:
1291:
1253:
1252:
1208:
1207:
1167:
1166:
847:
846:
838:Succeeded by
796:Přemyslid dynasty
721:pp. 324–329.
541:Přemyslid dynasty
512:Otto I of Olomouc
421:Appanage went to
413:Appanage went to
405:Appanage went to
383:agnatic seniority
329:Holy Roman Empire
248:, and marry her.
225:and his low-born
207:Přemyslid dynasty
188:
187:
147:Otto I of Olomouc
16:(Redirected from
1590:
1578:Dukes of Bohemia
1523:Elector Palatine
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1369:
1335:
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1264:
1219:
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1118:Henry Bretislaus
996:Saint Wenceslaus
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529:St. Vitus Church
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431:Bishop of Prague
364:Christianization
344:Battle at Brůdek
309:Radim Gaudentius
275:Raid into Poland
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21:
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1457:1780–1918
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1372:1526–1780
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1338:1471–1526
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1304:1457–1471
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1267:1437–1457
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1222:1310–1437
1204:
1188:1306–1310
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358:Domestic policy
348:Bohemian Forest
346:(a pass in the
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723:
719:"Břetislav I."
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671:, p. 226.
661:
657:Wolverton 2001
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647:, p. 166.
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632:, p. 83.
631:
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76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1563:1000s births
1399:Ferdinand II
1330:Jagiellonian
1297:Non-dynastic
1181:Non-dynastic
1144:Wenceslaus I
1093:Sobeslaus II
1072:Vladislaus I
1041:Spytihněv II
1036:Bretislaus I
1035:
1006:Boleslaus II
991:Vratislaus I
841:Spytihněv II
829:
807:
803:c. 1002/1005
800:
795:
792:Bretislav I
779:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
699:
695:
686:
669:Wolfram 2006
664:
652:
625:
618:Mahoney 2011
594:
559:
533:Wenceslaus I
526:
465:
458:
435:
396:
376:
361:
352:
337:
315:, including
305:St. Adalbert
278:
250:
220:
202:
199:Břetislav I.
190:
189:
82:Spytihněv II
18:Bretislaus I
1568:1055 deaths
1558:Bretislav I
1480:Ferdinand V
1394:Matthias II
1379:Ferdinand I
1279:Interregnum
1077:Sobeslaus I
1001:Boleslaus I
986:Spytihněv I
739:. ABC-CLIO.
587:Krofta 1957
295:, captured
246:Schweinfurt
191:Bretislav I
68:Predecessor
33:Bretislav I
1552:Categories
1474:Francis II
1469:Leopold II
1424:Charles II
1389:Rudolph II
1384:Maximilian
1316:Matthias I
1234:Charles IV
1214:Luxembourg
1149:Ottokar II
1062:Bořivoj II
835:1035–1055
630:Pánek 2009
571:References
487:first son
480:Babenbergs
417:; and the
407:Vratislaus
106:1055-01-10
1525:from the
1510:from the
1490:Charles I
1464:Joseph II
1414:Leopold I
1404:Frederick
1245:Sigismund
1200:Rudolph I
1139:Ottokar I
1113:Ottokar I
1098:Frederick
1088:Frederick
981:Bořivoj I
952:Křesomysl
900:Legendary
892:Přemyslid
489:Spytihněv
399:Spytihněv
340:Henry III
299:, sacked
285:Lusatians
281:Conrad II
227:concubine
205:, of the
163:Přemyslid
78:Successor
1519:Antiking
1419:Joseph I
1364:Habsburg
1259:Habsburg
1052:Conrad I
1016:Vladivoj
962:Hostivít
932:Nezamysl
880:Monarchs
415:Conrad I
372:holidays
368:polygamy
1536:Bavaria
1031:Oldřich
1026:Jaromír
947:Vnislav
927:Valasca
884:Bohemia
824:Oldřich
679:Sources
543:at the
438:Chrudim
427:Jaromír
403:Olomouc
317:Wrocław
313:Silesia
301:Gniezno
269:Jaromír
265:Stephen
261:Hungary
253:Moravia
242:Nordgau
223:Oldřich
158:Dynasty
113:Chrudim
72:Oldřich
1311:George
1274:Albert
957:Neklan
917:Libuše
806:
706:
523:Legacy
474:. The
468:Judith
445:Family
423:Otto I
411:Znojmo
409:; the
333:Kraków
325:Prague
297:Poznań
289:Lesser
257:Poland
230:Božena
209:, was
183:Božena
179:Mother
169:Father
119:Spouse
1492:(III)
1431:(II)
1350:Louis
942:Vojen
937:Mnata
907:Czech
808:Died:
801:Born:
698:[
551:Notes
255:from
217:Youth
195:Czech
130:Issue
60:Reign
912:Krok
704:ISBN
419:Brno
291:and
100:Died
92:Born
1534:of
1476:(I)
1236:(I)
1084:(I)
1048:(I)
882:of
323:in
1554::
972:c.
637:^
606:^
579:^
433:.
374:.
307:,
197::
872:e
865:t
858:v
712:.
193:(
108:)
104:(
20:)
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