581:
329:
2334:
1411:
31:
1894:
218:
1619:
1966:
1520:
2140:
588:
The nationalists also seek to get out of the French political markers of the time, left and right, and take up the slogan "na ru na gwenn, Breiziz hepken" already used by the first nationalists. This positioning is reinforced by the fact that no French political party pays attention to the demands
394:), Picked up in the following decades by different trends. The nationalists thus refused to support certain circles such as the landed aristocracy or the urban bourgeoisie, considered to be compromised. It is also within this first group that the first Federalist ideas appear from April 1914 in
187:
as "a doctrine putting forward the nation, in the state and non-state framework". According to him, the people belonging to this tendency can choose to present themselves as separatists or independentists, that is to say claiming the right to
577:, provoking a unanimous rejection of other regionalist groups and nationalists. From then on, the nationalists' discourse became profoundly anti-regionalist, accusing them of falling into "biniousery" and "bretonnerie".
609:
According to an opinion poll conducted in 2013, 18% of
Bretons support Breton independence. The poll also found that 37% would describe themselves as Breton first, while 48% would describe themselves as French first.
589:
expressed by the regions. They also seek to emancipate themselves from the Church and the clerical milieus from which the regionalists come, claiming a Celtic heritage, the
Catholic religion alienating them the
2368:
4448:
199:
which aims for an administrative redeployment granting autonomy at the regional level, and at the Breton federalism, which seeks it to set up a federal organization of the territory.
122:
The political aspirations of Breton nationalists include the desire to obtain the right to self-rule, whether within France or independently of it, and to acquire more power in the
413:
methods. This comparison between the Breton and Irish situations of the time is not peculiar to the Breton nationalist movement, and is also found among outside observers, such as
2063:
1815:
245:; however, the Breton Nationalist movement distinguished itself by seeking to legitimize its actions by comparing themselves with those of other European minorities,
290:, disrupted the inauguration, and used her trial as a platform. This is the first public expression of Breton nationalism. Following this event, a group of students
545:
The nationalists aim at first not to support the Breton population, but on their economic circles. They intend to become the thinking head in this elitist process.
561:, and the relations between the two groups is strained. Antagonism is reinforced in 1920 when the BRF claims the creation of a large western region encompassing
2377:
2361:
1354:
229:
Several authors, cultural groups, or regionalist political groups use the expression of "Breton nation" as from 19th century but without this one falls under
3189:
1387:
1208:
1349:
1286:
145:
in the region. Cultural nationalists seek to reinvigorate Breton music, traditions, and symbols and forging strength links with other Celtic nations.
2354:
3861:
2822:
360:
with a redistribution of powers, would be equivalent, according to the nationalists, to legitimizing a French domination. They oppose as much to
437:, will play a role later to make the link between Breton nationalist currents and Irish. It is also inspired by other European examples such as
3156:
2477:
2407:
2169:
2098:
1048:
Leach, Daniel (August 2010). "'A sense of
Nordism': the impact of Germanic assistance upon the militant interwar Breton nationalist movement".
601:, causes an autonomist agitation in this region, and the Breton nationalists taking support on this example decide to form a political party.
4694:
4664:
3766:
2164:
1176:
1129:
1107:
1088:
1038:
1016:
378:, the newspaper of the BNP, thus formulates for the first time this opposition towards the royalists and the republicans with the expression
4689:
4614:
3406:
3370:
2706:
2252:
1825:
1597:
2727:
314:, Pol Suliac, Joseph du Chauchix, Joseph Le Bras, Job Loyant, but their numbers hardly go beyond the 13 members of the editorial board of
1430:
1253:
629:
1080:
Histoire de la revendication bretonne, ou la revanche de la démocratie locale sur le "démocratisme": des origines jusqu'aux années 1980
4855:
3125:
2623:
2078:
1867:
4391:
2438:
2093:
1842:
1582:
1551:
1539:
971:
3182:
2000:
1805:
1795:
1735:
1587:
1380:
1201:
233:. It is only at the beginning of the 20th century that a nationalist current in Brittany began to be constituted. Imitating the
148:
The French position includes a range of views, from allowing
Brittany a devolved government to curbing wishes for independence.
4940:
4795:
4044:
3851:
2859:
2227:
2043:
1705:
1667:
510:
tolerates little separatist ideas, and secondly because it makes it possible to forge links with the Breton bourgeoisie of the
4644:
4599:
3856:
3677:
1832:
1785:
1700:
1293:
984:
La construction de l'interceltisme en
Bretagne, des origines à nos jours : mise en perspective historique et idéologique
964:
EMSAV : dictionnaire critique, historique et biographique : le mouvement breton de A Ă Z du XIXe siĂšcle Ă nos jours
2843:
580:
152:
2346:
4734:
4729:
4659:
4619:
4604:
4386:
4341:
3961:
3609:
2940:
2535:
2068:
1877:
1638:
328:
4900:
4845:
4815:
4724:
4719:
4699:
4684:
4609:
4589:
3687:
3599:
3375:
3094:
3089:
3084:
2884:
2869:
2838:
2572:
2073:
1847:
558:
511:
299:
5070:
4356:
3579:
3529:
3175:
2509:
1820:
1765:
1662:
1373:
1194:
598:
483:
287:
268:
began to spread ideas close to this ideology, but 1911 is a key date for this current. The inauguration of a work by
4714:
4594:
3625:
2817:
2428:
2202:
1980:
1117:
357:
273:
4674:
4396:
3888:
3584:
2514:
1837:
1800:
1577:
1498:
1437:
1260:
1026:
506:, to spread their ideas. The adjective "regionalist" is preferred to that of "nationalist", firstly because the
180:
4991:
4649:
4453:
3365:
2530:
2247:
2103:
1344:
1329:
479:
422:
333:
295:
522:
475:
5045:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
5011:
4433:
3966:
3905:
3809:
3720:
3635:
3514:
2812:
2333:
2154:
2083:
2053:
1852:
1780:
1730:
1468:
1458:
1319:
1298:
280:
4381:
4271:
4049:
4013:
3895:
3740:
3589:
2961:
2904:
2879:
2381:
2237:
2207:
2007:
1790:
1324:
546:
507:
434:
307:
283:
265:
196:
4704:
4669:
4654:
4533:
4361:
4351:
4316:
4311:
4296:
4276:
4240:
4023:
3993:
3983:
3973:
3868:
3647:
3604:
3574:
3552:
3499:
3422:
3333:
3016:
3011:
2986:
2966:
2696:
2088:
2048:
2033:
1985:
1655:
1339:
269:
222:
1684:
982:
491:
470:, the nationalist current continued its existence, becoming one of the most dynamic components of the
4910:
4709:
4558:
4518:
4493:
4336:
4306:
4291:
4281:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4209:
4170:
4064:
3941:
3936:
3915:
3878:
3846:
3814:
3804:
3783:
3710:
3594:
3509:
3469:
3296:
3243:
3135:
3053:
2996:
2981:
2971:
2919:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2644:
2587:
2028:
1995:
1872:
1725:
1650:
401:
This current is also positioned face to face with events and international actors, especially in the
361:
1483:
4960:
4840:
4634:
4573:
4538:
4443:
4346:
4301:
4266:
4230:
4225:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4134:
4080:
4028:
4018:
3951:
3920:
3873:
3778:
3694:
3667:
3630:
3557:
3524:
3504:
3474:
3360:
3260:
3115:
3110:
3063:
3006:
3001:
2991:
2874:
2780:
2686:
2597:
2592:
2423:
2186:
2118:
1990:
1939:
1775:
1770:
1645:
1618:
1546:
550:
426:
406:
395:
374:
365:
316:
311:
242:
64:
495:
109:
30:
5046:
4996:
4749:
4629:
4503:
4478:
4286:
4204:
4175:
4124:
4059:
4054:
3988:
3978:
3956:
3910:
3788:
3756:
3672:
3657:
3652:
3519:
3427:
3385:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3255:
3238:
3198:
3130:
2976:
2899:
2889:
2577:
2433:
2159:
1592:
1229:
1065:
991:
619:
594:
525:
took the name of
Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz in May 1920, whose status indicates that it aims at a "
341:
303:
234:
4639:
2551:
2232:
5021:
5006:
4800:
4488:
4180:
4129:
4085:
3946:
3883:
3715:
3682:
3487:
3479:
3380:
3317:
3140:
3120:
2924:
2217:
2181:
2108:
1750:
1679:
1633:
1172:
1125:
1103:
1084:
1034:
1012:
967:
725:
418:
261:
4935:
4744:
4624:
4139:
4119:
3735:
3730:
3662:
3642:
3536:
3464:
3432:
3312:
3228:
2459:
2454:
2389:
2176:
1908:
1715:
1534:
1057:
566:
369:
276:
34:
4915:
4885:
4410:
3819:
3725:
3562:
2312:
2212:
2113:
584:
The trial of the
Alsatian autonomists in 1928 provides an example for Breton nationalists.
518:
478:
is the first party created (September 1918) taking up this ideology, mixing elders of the
471:
430:
238:
184:
142:
134:
52:
44:
4965:
1745:
4870:
4850:
4418:
3567:
3068:
2291:
1740:
1674:
1602:
1400:
1334:
1165:
624:
499:
138:
127:
123:
76:
433:
of the time, and his nationalism can only find a weak resonance. One of its founders,
5064:
4513:
4508:
4463:
4458:
4438:
3761:
3437:
2864:
2317:
2286:
2281:
1949:
1572:
1503:
1488:
1069:
487:
450:
402:
246:
151:
Contemporary political parties or movements holding Breton nationalist views are the
1365:
5042:
4930:
4780:
4543:
4528:
4498:
4468:
4428:
3037:
2764:
2337:
2296:
2123:
2058:
1463:
1453:
1281:
353:
217:
168:
156:
1862:
995:
17:
1078:
5001:
4970:
4950:
4830:
4785:
4739:
4568:
4553:
4548:
4483:
4423:
3900:
3773:
3058:
2392:
2242:
2038:
1893:
1755:
1396:
1140:
467:
409:, indicates from its first issue of July 1912 to want to take an example of the
230:
190:"any nation to a state, and if necessary must be able to separate to create one"
104:
88:
60:
5016:
4860:
4790:
3286:
3248:
2493:
2385:
2023:
1944:
1934:
1493:
1061:
554:
530:
503:
414:
133:
Breton cultural nationalism includes an important linguistic component, with
4920:
4905:
4895:
4890:
4835:
4820:
4109:
3233:
1924:
1760:
1005:
541:
Attempt, from Breton regionalism, to
Alsatian autonomy, to Irish nationalism
537:
in
January 1921, then that of "the Breton nation" in July of the same year.
442:
385:
943:
286:, caused an opposition movement in the regionalist movements. An activist,
729:
4945:
4880:
4805:
4679:
4563:
3032:
2914:
2796:
2759:
2670:
2654:
2613:
2556:
2257:
1965:
1710:
1519:
1410:
574:
570:
389:
349:
116:
92:
80:
68:
4955:
4925:
4875:
4865:
4770:
4523:
4473:
3492:
3401:
2909:
2894:
2743:
2628:
2618:
1857:
1720:
590:
438:
254:
84:
4825:
4810:
4775:
4765:
3167:
2945:
1567:
1473:
1303:
1186:
562:
446:
410:
345:
291:
160:
72:
27:
Regional nationalism associated with the region of
Brittany in France
557:
of April 1921. They continue to compete with the regionalism of the
1124:. Viking Society for Northern Research, University College London.
4975:
2649:
2222:
2139:
1810:
1478:
1276:
1100:
Breizh, la Bretagne revendiquée : des années 1980 à nos jours
579:
372:, accused of pursuing a policy of linguistic repression. In 1912,
364:(in particular by maintaining controversy with the members of the
336:
claiming a "free Brittany, forever free from the yoke of France".
327:
250:
216:
164:
96:
29:
1929:
3171:
2350:
1369:
1190:
521:
movement", but then quickly moved in towards nationalism. The
1083:. Bibliophiles de Bretagne (in French). Vol. 4. Breizh.
344:, which it accused of ratifying a foreign influence, that of
517:
The ideology of the group was initially and partially in a "
108:
was a political current that appeared in the 1920s in the
237:
of the time, they focused their speech on the defense of
225:
to the origin of the creation of the nationalist current.
502:; it is endowed as soon as January 1919 of a newspaper,
272:
in a niche of the City Hall of Rennes, which showed the
990:(PhD) (in French). Université Européenne de Bretagne.
803:
801:
799:
462:
Breton regional group at the Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz
212:
453:, and inscribes its reflection on a European scale.
4984:
4758:
4582:
4409:
4374:
4329:
4259:
4218:
4193:
4148:
4098:
4073:
4037:
4002:
3929:
3839:
3832:
3797:
3749:
3703:
3618:
3545:
3457:
3450:
3415:
3394:
3353:
3346:
3326:
3305:
3269:
3221:
3214:
3205:
3149:
3103:
3077:
3046:
3025:
2954:
2933:
2852:
2831:
2805:
2789:
2773:
2752:
2736:
2720:
2679:
2663:
2637:
2606:
2565:
2544:
2523:
2502:
2486:
2468:
2447:
2416:
2400:
2305:
2270:
2195:
2136:
2016:
1962:
1917:
1890:
1693:
1615:
1560:
1516:
1446:
1407:
1312:
1269:
1239:
878:
876:
874:
861:
859:
822:
820:
818:
816:
722:
Breiz Atao â History and news of Breton nationalism
1167:Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians
1164:
1004:
703:
701:
699:
674:
672:
647:
645:
593:. The Alsatian affair in 1926, during which the
1031:The Creation of Brittany: A Late Medieval State
75:. Brittany is considered to be one of the six
3183:
2362:
1381:
1355:Party for the Organization of a Free Brittany
1202:
944:"One in five Bretons want independence: poll"
8:
306:of this group. Among its first members were
429:, however, have only limited echoes in the
5041:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
4685:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
4197:
4102:
4006:
3836:
3454:
3350:
3218:
3211:
3190:
3176:
3168:
2369:
2355:
2347:
2274:
2147:
1973:
1901:
1626:
1527:
1418:
1388:
1374:
1366:
1209:
1195:
1187:
298:, which began with several members of the
1171:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1003:Galliou, Patrick; Jones, Michael (1991).
213:D'Ar Bobl to the Breton nationalist party
183:describes this political tendency of the
1350:Breton Social-National Workers' Movement
906:
894:
850:
807:
778:
766:
754:
690:
663:
535:"monthly magazine of Breton nationalism"
368:), than to the Republicans by targeting
930:
918:
882:
865:
838:
826:
790:
742:
707:
678:
651:
641:
4645:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3157:First-level NUTS of the European Union
2099:Scottish Republican Socialist Movement
175:Positioning within the Breton movement
130:and other international institutions.
4695:Patani United Liberation Organisation
4665:Inner Mongolian independence movement
260:By the end of the 1900s, the journal
7:
4690:National Liberation Front of Corsica
4615:East Turkestan independence movement
2253:Welsh Football Fans for Independence
1598:Federation of Old Cornwall Societies
302:, with the aim of breaking with the
630:Breton nationalism and World War II
533:also evolved by taking as subtitle
527:return to independent national life
141:speakers seeking equality with the
2079:Scottish Liberals for Independence
559:Regionalist Federation of Brittany
512:Regionalist Federation of Brittany
300:Regionalist Federation of Brittany
25:
2094:Scottish National Liberation Army
1843:Provisional Irish Republican Army
1583:Cornish Constitutional Convention
417:for the liberal German newspaper
2332:
2138:
1964:
1892:
1806:Irish Republican Socialist Party
1796:Irish Republican Liberation Army
1736:Continuity Irish Republican Army
1617:
1588:Cornish National Liberation Army
1518:
1409:
4796:Basque Country (greater region)
4655:Guangdong Independence Movement
2228:Labour for an Independent Wales
2044:Independence for Scotland Party
1706:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland
380:na ru na gwenn, Breizhad hepken
370:"black hussars of the republic"
4600:Assyrian independence movement
1786:Irish National Liberation Army
1701:32 County Sovereignty Movement
1294:Brittany Movement and Progress
1:
4735:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
4730:Tibetan independence movement
4660:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
4620:Faroese independence movement
4605:Catalan independence movement
2069:Radical Independence Campaign
1878:Workers and Unemployed Action
1139:O'Callaghan, Michael (1982).
208:Beginnings in the early 1910s
4816:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
4725:Taiwan independence movement
4700:Ryukyu independence movement
4610:Champa independence movement
4590:Alsace independence movement
2074:Republican Communist Network
1848:Republican Network for Unity
4680:Mapuche separatist movement
3121:Irish (in Northern Ireland)
1821:National Graves Association
1766:Gaelic Athletic Association
1663:legitimism in republicanism
1033:. London: Hambledon Press.
599:Concordat in Alsace-Moselle
324:First strategic positioning
153:Union DĂ©mocratique Bretonne
5087:
4715:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4595:Assam separatist movements
3750:Northern & Middle Asia
1050:European Review of History
340:The group is at odds with
5032:
4720:Székely autonomy movement
4200:
4105:
4009:
2330:
2277:
2150:
1976:
1904:
1838:New Irish Republican Army
1801:Irish Republican Movement
1629:
1578:Cornish Nationalist Party
1530:
1499:Breton Revolutionary Army
1421:
1261:Reunification of Brittany
1224:
1062:10.1080/13507481003743559
354:principle of subsidiarity
4650:Greenlandic independence
2104:Scottish Socialist Youth
1345:Breton Nationalist Party
1330:Breton Federalist League
1270:Active political parties
1148:Durham University Thesis
1141:"Separatism in Brittany"
1102:. Morlaix: Skol Vreizh.
1098:Nicolas, Michel (2012).
1077:Nicolas, Michel (2007).
981:Chartier, Erwan (2010).
962:Cadiou, Georges (2013).
523:Breton Regionalist Group
508:French State of the time
480:Breton Nationalist Party
476:Breton Regionalist Group
423:Breton Nationalist Party
334:Breton Nationalist Party
296:Breton Nationalist Party
288:Camille Le Mercier d'Erm
241:and valorization of the
2054:Labour for Independence
1781:Irish National Congress
1731:Connolly Youth Movement
1651:dissident republicanism
1469:Breton Liberation Front
1459:Breton Democratic Union
1320:Breton Autonomist Party
1299:Breton Democratic Union
1122:The Vikings in Brittany
966:. Spézet: Coop Breizh.
597:tries to return to the
352:. Seeking to apply the
4675:MÄori protest movement
2271:Pan-celtic nationalism
2238:Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
1791:Irish Race Conventions
1325:Breton Communist Party
1011:. Oxford: Blackwells.
720:Mordrel Olier (1973).
585:
435:Loeiz-Napoleon Ar Rouz
337:
308:Loeiz Napoleon ar Rouz
226:
195:He thus opposes it to
56:
49:Broadelouriezh Vrezhon
48:
37:
4705:Scottish independence
4670:Kashubian Association
4392:Indigenous Australian
2089:Scots National League
2049:Jimmy Reid Foundation
2034:Business for Scotland
1833:National Party (2016)
1552:Constitutional status
1340:Breton National Party
1163:Smith, Julia (1992).
583:
486:, and newcomers like
457:Dynamism of the 1920s
356:, that is claiming a
331:
247:"Celts" in particular
231:nationalist dimension
220:
33:
4911:Marathi Abhimaangeet
4710:Siberian regionalism
1873:Wolfe Tone Societies
1853:Republican Sinn FĂ©in
1726:Connolly Association
484:Kamil Ar Merser 'Erm
279:kneeling before the
5002:American Indigenous
4635:Free Papua Movement
4045:Balkar and Karachay
3840:Southeastern Europe
3371:Indigenous Canadian
2860:Balkar and Karachay
2823:Free City of Danzig
2208:Cymdeithas yr Iaith
2170:proposed referendum
2119:Voices for Scotland
1940:Manx National Party
1816:Ăglaigh na hĂireann
1776:Irish Freedom Party
1535:Proposed devolution
553:in this way in the
332:1912 poster of the
243:history of Brittany
65:historical province
57:Nationalisme breton
5071:Breton nationalism
5047:ethnic nationalism
4750:Welsh independence
4630:Free Aceh Movement
3862:in North Macedonia
3704:South-eastern Asia
3199:Ethnic nationalism
2844:TransylvaniaâBanat
1593:Cornish Solidarity
1249:Breton nationalism
1230:Celtic nationalism
1218:Breton nationalism
620:Bleimor (Scouting)
595:Cartel des Gauches
586:
474:in the 1920s. The
411:Irish nationalists
342:Breton regionalism
338:
266:Frañsez Jaffrennou
253:and especially of
235:French nationalism
227:
41:Breton nationalism
38:
18:Breton nationalist
5058:
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4801:Catalan Countries
4405:
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2266:
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2155:National identity
2132:
2131:
2109:Siol nan Gaidheal
1981:National identity
1958:
1957:
1886:
1885:
1680:Irish slaves myth
1611:
1610:
1512:
1511:
1363:
1362:
1178:978-0-521-38285-4
1131:978-0-903521-22-2
1109:978-2-915623-81-9
1090:978-2-84346-312-9
1040:978-0-907628-80-4
1018:978-0-631-16406-7
547:Frañsez Debauvais
529:". Its newspaper
492:Frañsez Debauvais
425:as its newspaper
419:Vossische Zeitung
304:regionalist ideas
119:'s independence.
16:(Redirected from
5078:
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4936:Republika Srpska
4745:Walloon Movement
4625:Flemish Movement
4198:
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3126:Northern English
3069:Western Armenian
2728:North Kazakhstan
2478:Republika Srpska
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2148:
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1974:
1969:
1968:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1771:Ireland's Future
1716:Arm na Poblachta
1627:
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358:decentralization
277:Anne of Brittany
249:, like those of
35:Flag of Brittany
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4886:Ketuanan Melayu
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4640:Future of Ă
land
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4514:Native American
4411:Pan-nationalism
4401:
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4330:Northern Europe
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4194:Southern Europe
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2408:Northern Epirus
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2313:Celtic Congress
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2213:Free Wales Army
2191:
2137:
2128:
2012:
1963:
1954:
1913:
1891:
1882:
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1685:Tiocfaidh ĂĄr lĂĄ
1616:
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431:Breton movement
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239:Breton language
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143:French language
115:, and claiming
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3104:United Kingdom
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2064:People's Voice
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2020:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
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2003:
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1988:
1983:
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1971:
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1748:
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1741:Cumann na mBan
1738:
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1603:Gorsedh Kernow
1600:
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1401:Celtic nations
1395:
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1385:
1378:
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1335:Breton Liberty
1332:
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1114:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1074:
1056:(4): 629â646.
1045:
1039:
1027:Jones, Michael
1023:
1017:
1000:
996:tel-00575335v1
978:
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640:
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637:
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633:
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625:Bonnets Rouges
622:
615:
612:
606:
603:
542:
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500:Morvan Marchal
463:
460:
458:
455:
392:, Breton only"
325:
322:
281:King of France
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
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181:Michel Nicolas
176:
173:
128:United Nations
124:European Union
77:Celtic nations
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5083:
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5043:ethnic groups
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4992:Local (China)
4990:
4989:
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4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:Herzeg-Bosnia
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3636:in Bangladesh
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:Southern Asia
3617:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:South America
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:North America
3352:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Eastern Greek
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:Crimean Tatar
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2671:Cham Albanian
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2598:North Catalan
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2515:Greek Cypriot
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2319:
2318:Celtic League
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:Organisations
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:Celtic League
2285:
2283:
2282:Pan-Celticism
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:Organisations
2194:
2188:
2187:Republicanism
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:Organisations
2015:
2009:
2008:Republicanism
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1951:
1950:Yn Pabyr Seyr
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:Organisations
1916:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:Organisations
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:Republicanism
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Mebyon Kernow
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:Organisations
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1505:
1504:Feiz ha Breiz
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:Breizhistance
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:Organisations
1445:
1439:
1438:Reunification
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1149:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
985:
979:
975:
973:9782843465741
969:
965:
960:
959:
954:
945:
939:
936:
932:
927:
924:
920:
915:
912:
909:, p. 261
908:
907:Chartier 2010
903:
900:
897:, p. 332
896:
895:Chartier 2010
891:
888:
884:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
853:, p. 315
852:
851:Chartier 2010
847:
844:
840:
835:
832:
828:
823:
821:
819:
817:
813:
810:, p. 314
809:
808:Chartier 2010
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
787:
784:
781:, p. 270
780:
779:Chartier 2010
775:
772:
769:, p. 268
768:
767:Chartier 2010
763:
760:
757:, p. 267
756:
755:Chartier 2010
751:
748:
744:
739:
736:
731:
727:
723:
716:
713:
709:
704:
702:
700:
696:
693:, p. 266
692:
691:Chartier 2010
687:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
666:, p. 265
665:
664:Chartier 2010
660:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
635:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
617:
613:
611:
604:
602:
600:
596:
592:
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
551:René Johannet
548:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:Olier Mordrel
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
461:
456:
454:
452:
451:Balkan States
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:Breiz Dishual
424:
421:in 1913. The
420:
416:
415:Simon SĂŒdfeld
412:
408:
407:Breiz Dishual
404:
399:
397:
396:Breiz Dishual
393:
391:
387:
381:
377:
376:
375:Breiz Dishual
371:
367:
366:French Action
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
335:
330:
323:
321:
319:
318:
317:Breiz Dishual
313:
312:Aogust BĂŽcher
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
224:
219:
207:
202:
200:
198:
193:
191:
186:
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4781:Balawaristan
4554:South Slavic
4544:Scandinavian
4114:
4074:Volga Region
3688:in Sri Lanka
3546:Eastern Asia
3407:Puerto Rican
3222:North Africa
3206:Nationalisms
2765:Transnistria
2582:
2338:Celts portal
2297:Celtic union
2160:Independence
2124:Yes Scotland
2059:Our Republic
1986:Independence
1464:Breton Party
1454:Bezen Perrot
1425:
1282:Breton Party
1248:
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1152:. Retrieved
1147:
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1099:
1079:
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983:
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938:
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931:Nicolas 2007
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919:Nicolas 2007
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885:, p. 71
883:Nicolas 2007
868:, p. 70
866:Nicolas 2007
846:
841:, p. 32
839:Nicolas 2012
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827:Nicolas 2007
793:, p. 67
791:Nicolas 2007
786:
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762:
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745:, p. 65
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652:Nicolas 2007
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294:founded the
284:Charles VIII
270:Jean Boucher
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150:
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79:(along with
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4951:Saraikistan
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4786:Balochistan
4740:Wallmapuwen
4434:Bangladeshi
3906:Montenegrin
3810:Azerbaijani
3774:Pan-Turkism
3515:Palestinian
3458:Middle East
3366:Greenlandic
3270:East Africa
2774:Netherlands
2531:Greenlandic
2471:Herzegovina
2393:nationalism
2382:regionalism
2243:Plaid Cymru
2218:Green Party
2182:Nationalism
2039:Common Weal
1996:Nationalism
1909:Nationalism
1756:Fianna Fail
1675:Unification
1634:Nationalism
1547:Nationalism
1431:during WWII
1426:Nationalism
1397:Nationalism
1254:during WWII
1241:Nationalism
1118:Price, Neil
1007:The Bretons
955:Works cited
468:World War I
362:monarchists
197:regionalism
105:nationalism
89:Isle of Man
61:nationalism
5017:Indigenous
4961:Sindhudesh
4941:Santa Cruz
4861:Hutu Power
4791:Bangsamoro
4382:Australian
4357:Lithuanian
4272:Andalusian
4050:Circassian
4014:Belarusian
3962:in Austria
3896:Macedonian
3852:in Albania
3741:Vietnamese
3575:Hongkonger
3568:chauvinist
3249:Pharaonism
2962:Andalusian
2880:Circassian
2721:Kazakhstan
2469:Bosnia and
2417:Azerbaijan
2386:separatism
2203:AUOB Cymru
2177:Devolution
1991:Devolution
1945:Mec Vannin
1935:Irree Magh
1639:Protestant
1540:Convention
1494:Bleun-Brug
636:References
555:Breiz Atao
531:Breiz Atao
519:maurrasian
504:Breiz Atao
466:After the
403:Pan-Celtic
4921:Occitania
4906:Manchukuo
4896:Lezgistan
4891:Kurdistan
4836:Hazarajat
4821:Circassia
4583:Movements
4534:Pakistani
4509:Mongolian
4449:Congolese
4362:Norwegian
4352:Icelandic
4317:Valencian
4312:Navarrese
4297:Castilian
4277:Aragonese
4241:Sardinian
4024:Ukrainian
3994:Slovenian
3974:Hungarian
3889:in Cyprus
3869:Aromanian
3857:in Kosovo
3762:Mongolian
3678:Sinhalese
3648:Dravidian
3605:Taiwanese
3553:Cantonese
3530:in Cyprus
3500:Jordanian
3423:Argentine
3395:Caribbean
3386:Québécois
3334:Afrikaner
3017:Valencian
3012:Navarrese
2987:Castilian
2967:Aragonese
2941:Vojvodina
2813:Kashubian
2697:Sardinian
2624:Javakheti
2614:Abkhazian
2395:in Europe
2390:stateless
2378:Movements
1925:Fo Halloo
1863:Sinn FĂ©in
1761:Fine Gael
1070:153659806
565:, Anjou,
443:Catalonia
405:current.
384:"neither
59:) is the
5065:Category
4881:Katarism
4806:Chameria
4759:Projects
4564:Turanian
4559:Tunisian
4529:Oceanian
4519:Nigerian
4469:Hispanic
4464:Germanic
4454:European
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4337:Estonian
4307:Galician
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4246:Sicilian
4236:Padanian
4210:Corsican
4171:Scottish
4065:Ossetian
3984:Silesian
3967:Völkisch
3942:Bavarian
3937:Austrian
3916:Romanian
3901:Moldovan
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3847:Albanian
3815:Georgian
3805:Armenian
3784:Siberian
3711:Filipino
3626:Assamese
3595:Okinawan
3580:Japanese
3510:Lebanese
3488:Diaspora
3470:Assyrian
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3347:Americas
3297:Tigrayan
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3150:See also
3136:Scottish
3054:Assyrian
2997:Galician
2982:Canarian
2972:Asturian
2920:Siberian
2910:Ossetian
2895:Karelian
2818:Silesian
2760:Gagauzia
2712:Venetian
2702:Sicilian
2692:Padanian
2655:Swabians
2645:Bavarian
2629:Ossetian
2619:Adjarian
2588:Corsican
2573:Alsatian
2258:YesCymru
2001:timeline
1970:Scottish
1120:(1989).
1029:(1988).
614:See also
575:Brittany
571:Cotentin
350:Brittany
117:Brittany
93:Scotland
81:Cornwall
69:Brittany
4956:Silesia
4926:Ossetia
4901:Luhansk
4876:Karelia
4866:Ilirida
4846:Donetsk
4771:Assyria
4574:Ugandan
4539:Russian
4484:Iranian
4474:Iberian
4444:Chinese
4419:African
4375:Oceania
4347:Finnish
4342:Faroese
4302:Catalan
4267:Spanish
4231:Lombard
4226:Italian
4166:English
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4156:British
4140:Walloon
4135:Occitan
4120:Flemish
4110:Arpitan
4081:Chuvash
4029:Yiddish
4019:Russian
3952:Frisian
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3779:Pashtun
3695:Tripuri
3668:Punjabi
3631:Bengali
3610:Tibetan
3558:Chinese
3525:Turkish
3505:Kurdish
3493:Zionism
3484:Jewish
3475:Iranian
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3428:Criollo
3402:Haitian
3361:Chicano
3306:Nigeria
3261:Sahrawi
3116:English
3111:Cornish
3095:Luhansk
3090:Donetsk
3085:Crimean
3078:Ukraine
3064:Kurdish
3007:Murcian
3002:Leonese
2992:Catalan
2875:Chuvash
2870:Chechen
2865:Bashkir
2839:Székely
2832:Romania
2781:Frisian
2753:Moldova
2744:Ilirida
2687:Lombard
2638:Germany
2607:Georgia
2593:Occitan
2552:Ă
landic
2545:Finland
2536:Faroese
2524:Denmark
2494:Istrian
2487:Croatia
2460:Walloon
2455:Flemish
2448:Belgium
2429:Kurdish
2424:Artsakh
2401:Albania
2165:polling
1858:Saoradh
1826:Belfast
1721:Cabhair
1524:Cornish
1399:in the
1150:: 1â239
591:Bretons
439:Hungary
274:Duchess
262:Ar Bobl
255:Ireland
203:History
110:second
102:Breton
85:Ireland
63:of the
5012:German
4997:Racial
4841:Danzig
4826:Crimea
4811:Champa
4776:Azawad
4766:Arakan
4569:Turkic
4549:Slavic
4524:Nordic
4504:Libyan
4494:Korean
4479:Indian
4459:Finnic
4439:Celtic
4287:Basque
4205:Basque
4176:Ulster
4125:French
4115:Breton
4060:Lezgin
4055:Ingush
3989:Slovak
3979:Polish
3957:German
3833:Europe
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3757:Baloch
3673:Sindhi
3658:Meitei
3653:Hazara
3600:Ryukyu
3590:Manchu
3585:Korean
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3292:Somali
3282:Amhara
3277:Acholi
3256:Kabyle
3239:Coptic
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3047:Turkey
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2900:Lezgin
2890:Ingush
2853:Russia
2806:Poland
2790:Norway
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2583:Breton
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2566:France
2503:Cyprus
2439:Talysh
2434:Lezgin
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549:cites
498:, and
447:Norway
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292:Rennes
161:Emgann
155:, the
135:Breton
87:, the
73:France
53:French
45:Breton
5022:White
5007:Black
4985:Other
4976:Tibet
4946:SĂĄpmi
4499:Latin
4489:Iraqi
4429:Asian
4397:MÄori
4260:Spain
4219:Italy
4181:Welsh
4130:Irish
4086:Tatar
3947:Czech
3884:Greek
3721:Malay
3716:Khmer
3683:Tamil
3480:Iraqi
3318:Ogoni
3141:Welsh
2955:Spain
2925:Tatar
2680:Italy
2650:Sorbs
2223:Gwlad
2144:Welsh
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1711:AontĂș
1623:Irish
1479:Adsav
1287:Youth
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1154:8 May
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1066:S2CID
988:(PDF)
567:Maine
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348:, in
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139:Gallo
112:Emsav
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5039:Note
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3663:Naga
3643:Bodo
3537:Zaza
3465:Arab
3451:Asia
3313:Igbo
3287:Hutu
3229:Arab
3033:SĂĄmi
2915:SĂĄmi
2797:SĂĄmi
2557:SĂĄmi
2388:and
2029:AUOB
2024:Alba
1930:FSFO
1898:Manx
1868:SDLP
1656:Army
1173:ISBN
1156:2016
1126:ISBN
1104:ISBN
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726:OCLC
573:and
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