160:
235:, on top of four concrete platforms that serve as the buildings' foundations. The spaces between the buildings above the expressway were left open for ventilation, as it would have been prohibitively costly to seal the highway completely and ventilate it through ducts running to the roofs of the buildings. Architecturally, the buildings' placement over an expressway have a precedent in the early 20th century work of
31:
267:
for $ 1 million. Construction began on the buildings on
December 20, 1961. Designed by the architectural firm Brown & Guenther, they were some of the first aluminum-sheathed high-rises in the world. At the time of construction, the total cost was estimated at over $ 19 million, of which more than
203:
The Bridge
Apartments comprise four high-rise buildings, each 32 stories high and containing 240 apartments, for a total of 960 units in the entire complex. The second floor has laundry and community rooms; the lowest floor of residences is the third. The water and heating systems for the buildings
304:
to protest a planned increase in annual rent. The tenants were able to negotiate a smaller increase. The provisions of the
Mitchell–Lama program expired after 20 years, allowing the development to be privatized, and in 1987, the buildings were purchased by a group of real-estate investors led by
308:
As of 2004, the apartments housed 4,000 people, the majority of whom were working-class. Residents continued to complain of air and noise pollution, although the buildings remained popular. They were reported to be in a deteriorated state.
275:
The buildings opened in 1964, with the first tenants moving in in
February, and their 960 middle-income apartments were quickly filled. Rents ranged from $ 92 to $ 179 a month. Soon after opening, residents complained of
1159:
284:
visited the apartments to speak with residents about the pollution issue. Kennedy proposed building a "vaporproof barrier" over the roadway. The towers were cited in the debate over the construction of the
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272:, under which the owners agree to limit rents in exchange for government subsidies. The air-rights scheme was considered innovative at the time.
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53:
431:
Caratzas, Michael (Spring 2004). "Past Meets
Futurism Along the Cross-Bronx: Preserving a Significant Urban Expressway".
1481:
879:
69:
461:
412:
Gisssen, David (2016). "Exhaust and territorialisation at the
Washington Bridge Apartments, New York City, 1963–1973".
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297:
exceeded federal guidelines and recommended sealing the lower levels of the building to keep out the dangerous gas.
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997:
624:"Expressway Plan Called Air Peril; Study Forecasts Extremely High Monoxide Levels for Lower Manhattan Road"
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179:. Built between 1961 and 1964, they are notable for rising from concrete platforms directly above the
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1400:
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321:, another New York City real estate development built over an active transportation artery
294:
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from the 150,000 vehicles that passed underneath the buildings each day. In 1967, Senator
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30:
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433:
Future
Anterior: Journal of Historic Preservation, History, Theory, and Criticism
1012:
779:
301:
195:. The four buildings, each 32 stories tall, house about 4,000 people in total.
252:
91:
78:
736:
224:
444:
263:) to the city in 1960. The rights were purchased from the city by the
696:
355:"Life on the Road: Learning to Sleep as Trucks Roar Through Basement"
1160:
Columbia
University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research
187:. Their proximity to the highway has led residents to complain of
158:
1442:
1293:
1242:
Malcolm X and Dr. Betty
Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center
1208:
1143:
1043:
946:
816:
751:
700:
1170:
Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons
255:
of the Trans-Manhattan Expressway were transferred from the
289:
in the late 1960s, and a 1973 study commissioned by the
163:
Apartment buildings over the Trans-Manhattan Expressway
207:
The buildings are between 178th and 179th Streets on
1414:
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1304:
1265:
1232:
Gregorio LuperĂłn High School for Math & Science
1219:
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136:
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107:
68:
60:
49:
44:
23:
18:Apartment building complex in Manhattan, New York
1247:Washington Heights Expeditionary Learning School
528:"Bill to Keep Apartments Off Market Is Rejected"
576:
574:
268:$ 17 million came from a loan from the state's
215:, and Wadsworth Avenue, in the neighborhood of
487:
485:
483:
171:are four high-rise apartment buildings in the
712:
554:"Marvin Kratter, 84; Once Owned Ebbets Field"
388:"'Air Rights' Building Is 10, and Struggling"
8:
227:. They are built directly above the 12-lane
439:(1). University of Minnesota Press: 25–35.
325:List of structures built on top of freeways
1439:
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954:
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840:Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Matthew
824:
813:
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719:
705:
697:
20:
1155:Columbia University Irving Medical Center
456:
454:
386:Tomasson, Robert E. (February 24, 1974).
381:
379:
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375:
348:
346:
344:
342:
340:
257:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
1506:Residential buildings completed in 1964
921:Our Saviour's Atonement Lutheran Church
855:Hebrew Tabernacle of Washington Heights
676:"No Rush for the Mitchell-Lama Buyouts"
336:
462:"Air-Rights Project to Rise over Road"
305:Mendel Schwimmer and David Bastricer.
1165:Columbia University School of Nursing
7:
1511:1964 establishments in New York City
1501:Apartment buildings in New York City
1422:George Washington Bridge Bus Station
1227:George Washington Educational Campus
860:Holy Cross Armenian Apostolic Church
204:are located below the ground floor.
35:Aerial view of the buildings in 1965
1252:Yeshiva Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch
850:Fort Washington Presbyterian Church
1175:Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital
900:St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox Church
674:Depalma, Anthony (July 26, 1987).
581:"Air Apartments Getting Tenants".
14:
890:St. Frances Xavier Cabrini Shrine
648:Bird, David (February 26, 1973).
622:Bird, David (December 24, 1968).
596:Stevenson, James (July 7, 1967).
498:The Encyclopedia of New York City
585:. February 23, 1964. p. R1.
353:Chen, David W. (June 18, 2004).
29:
650:"Auto Monoxide an Indoor Peril"
552:Ravo, Nick (December 9, 1999).
526:Uhlig, Mark A. (July 1, 1987).
300:In 1972, 300 tenants went on a
291:Environmental Protection Agency
1:
1516:Washington Heights, Manhattan
1325:163rd Street–Amsterdam Avenue
1187:Incarnation Children's Center
1082:Fort Washington Avenue Armory
1003:Boxers NYC Washington Heights
270:Mitchell–Lama Housing Program
54:Washington Heights, Manhattan
1482:Manhattan Community Board 12
1345:181st Street/Fort Washington
880:Our Lady of Esperanza Church
970:Hispanic Society of America
501:(2nd ed.). New Haven:
414:The Journal of Architecture
1532:
1371:178th–179th Street Tunnels
1273:Mother Cabrini High School
1018:Fort George Amusement Park
926:St. Teresa of Avila Church
916:Old Christ Church Lutheran
319:Hudson Yards (development)
287:Lower Manhattan Expressway
229:Trans-Manhattan Expressway
181:Trans-Manhattan Expressway
1476:
1449:
1438:
1340:181st Street/St. Nicholas
1315:155th Street/St. Nicholas
1300:
1289:
1215:
1204:
1180:Sloane Hospital for Women
1150:
1139:
1050:
1039:
953:
942:
875:Mount Sinai Jewish Center
865:Holyrood Episcopal Church
835:Church of the Incarnation
823:
812:
758:
747:
734:
40:
28:
1045:Buildings and structures
845:Fort Tryon Jewish Center
293:found that the level of
261:George Washington Bridge
233:George Washington Bridge
185:George Washington Bridge
998:181st Street Ice Palace
895:St. Rose of Lima Church
231:on its approach to the
183:on its approach to the
145:Design and construction
1396:Fort Washington Avenue
164:
503:Yale University Press
162:
1386:Broadway (Manhattan)
1118:Highbridge Reservoir
1092:Morris–Jumel Mansion
1077:Duke Ellington House
1062:555 Edgecombe Avenue
885:St. Elizabeth Church
768:Fort Washington Park
153:Brown & Guenther
108:Construction started
1406:St. Nicholas Avenue
1087:Hudson View Gardens
870:Khal Adath Jeshurun
790:J. Hood Wright Park
493:Jackson, Kenneth T.
468:. December 20, 1961
265:Kratter Corporation
259:(which manages the
213:St. Nicholas Avenue
177:Manhattan, New York
92:40.8476°N 73.9349°W
88: /
45:General information
1257:Yeshiva University
1237:Incarnation School
1192:Wadsworth Hospital
728:Washington Heights
680:The New York Times
654:The New York Times
628:The New York Times
583:The New York Times
558:The New York Times
532:The New York Times
466:The New York Times
392:The New York Times
359:The New York Times
217:Washington Heights
173:Washington Heights
165:
1488:
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1472:
1471:
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1391:Cabrini Boulevard
1364:Streets and roads
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1067:Bridge Apartments
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937:
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808:
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773:Inspiration Point
598:"The Powdery Air"
512:978-0-300-11465-2
282:Robert F. Kennedy
241:Antonio Sant'Elia
169:Bridge Apartments
157:
156:
150:Architecture firm
132:Technical details
97:40.8476; -73.9349
24:Bridge Apartments
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1376:Amsterdam Avenue
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1008:Coliseum Theatre
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175:neighborhood of
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1401:Plaza Lafayette
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1113:Fort Washington
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1027:
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965:Audubon Terrace
949:
930:
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800:Plaza Lafayette
785:Highbridge Park
763:Fort Tryon Park
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505:. p. 155.
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295:carbon monoxide
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56:, New York City
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1459:Hudson Heights
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1444:Related topics
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795:McKenna Square
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602:The New Yorker
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495:, ed. (2010).
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1464:Jumel Terrace
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977:The Cloisters
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741:New York City
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681:
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467:
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420:(5): 734–746.
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64:United States
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16:
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1454:Audubon Park
1355:191st Street
1350:190th Street
1335:175th Street
1330:168th Street
1320:157th Street
1066:
1023:Hilltop Park
753:Green spaces
683:. Retrieved
679:
669:
657:. Retrieved
653:
643:
633:November 30,
631:. Retrieved
627:
617:
605:. Retrieved
601:
591:
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561:. Retrieved
557:
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537:November 30,
535:. Retrieved
531:
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470:. Retrieved
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395:. Retrieved
391:
362:. Retrieved
358:
307:
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274:
250:
237:Le Corbusier
206:
202:
168:
166:
127:$ 19 million
50:Town or city
15:
1108:Fort George
780:Gorman Park
302:rent strike
223:borough of
199:Description
137:Floor count
95: /
70:Coordinates
1495:Categories
331:References
253:air rights
83:73°56′06″W
80:40°50′51″N
1479:See also:
1210:Education
737:Manhattan
685:March 13,
659:March 13,
607:March 13,
563:March 13,
472:March 13,
397:March 13,
364:March 13,
225:Manhattan
1308:stations
1013:Coogan's
818:Religion
445:25834928
313:See also
1220:Current
1055:Current
958:Current
948:Culture
828:Current
247:History
219:in the
61:Country
1306:Subway
1266:Former
1145:Health
1101:Former
991:Former
909:Former
509:
443:
116:Opened
1415:Other
441:JSTOR
687:2022
661:2022
635:2022
609:2022
565:2022
539:2022
507:ISBN
474:2022
399:2022
366:2022
251:The
239:and
191:and
167:The
124:Cost
119:1964
111:1961
1497::
739:,
678:.
652:.
626:.
600:.
573:^
556:.
530:.
482:^
464:.
453:^
435:.
418:21
416:.
390:.
374:^
357:.
339:^
243:.
211:,
140:32
720:e
713:t
706:v
689:.
663:.
637:.
611:.
567:.
541:.
515:.
476:.
447:.
437:1
401:.
368:.
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