236:
powerplant anti-icing system could deal with severe icing conditions of the type considered likely in parts of the world where the
Britannia would operate. However, during route-proving flights in Africa in April 1956 a different type of icing was encountered for which the anti-icing systems were ineffective. Modifications were made that were effective against this second type of icing. BOAC started services in February 1957 but later in the year a third type of icing was encountered on flights to Australia. When flying in icing conditions for prolonged periods the accumulation of ice on the surfaces of the reverse-flow air intake – inherited from the original intended Brabazon II and Princess installation – and subsequent shedding through the engine caused flame-outs. The engine would auto-relight with a long tongue of flame from the jetpipe which was of concern to the passengers. Although the problem was not inherently dangerous, it was avoided with restrictions in the flight manual (it could be avoided by not flying in cloud above a certain height). Modifications for the third type were successfully tested in icing conditions encountered during flights from Singapore in April 1958. BOAC, the launch customer for the Britannia, were unyielding in their demands for rectification, and attempted to maximise the extent of the problem in public, damaging sales prospects of the Britannia and delaying the aircraft's entry into service by two years, as well as almost bankrupting Bristol Aircraft.
316:
202:
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42:
186:: "You know, Stanley, when we designed the Proteus I decided we should make the engine with the lowest fuel consumption in the world, regardless of its weight and bulk. So far, we have achieved the weight and bulk!" The redesigned Proteus 3 (700 series) gave 3,780 shp and weighed nearly 1,000 lb less than the previous design. It came too late for the first prototype Britannia and
219:
In 1954 a potentially troublesome design feature in the propeller gearbox, straight-cut gears, finally made itself known during a flight carrying a delegation from the Dutch airline KLM, a potential customer. A gearwheel stripped its teeth and the resulting damage set fire to the aircraft which made
600:
Another use of the
Proteus was for remote power generation in the South West of England in what were called "Pocket Power Stations". The regional electricity board installed several 2.7 MW remote operated generation sets for peak load powered by the Proteus. Designed to run for ten years many
228:, Hooker's former boss, sent Rolls-Royce engineers to assist the Bristol team. This unasked-for generosity to what was, after all, a commercial competitor thawed the cold relationship that had existed between Hives and Hooker since Hooker's departure from Rolls-Royce concerning development of the
177:
The
Proteus 2 (Mk.600 series) was supposed to produce 3,200 shp and weigh 3,050 lb. It was overweight and underpowered, weighing 3,800 lb producing 2,500 shp, and plagued with mechanical problems with virtually every part including compressor blades, turbine blades and bearings which failed at
235:
Developing an anti-icing system for the engine intake turned out to be a lengthy exercise. It had to be able to deal with the type of icing considered likely to cause problems to
Britannias. Icing tests on a Proteus installation in an Ambassador aircraft in Canada showed that the engine and
239:
The Mk.705 of 3,900 hp (2,900 kW) was the first version used the
Bristol Britannia 100 and some 300 series aircraft. The Mk.755 of 4,120 hp (3,070 kW) was used on the 200 series (not built) and other 300s, and the Mk.765 of 4,445 hp (3,315 kW) was used on the
174:, performance was poor and the first centrifugal compressor stage was removed. The first Proteus, the Proteus 1, also ran with the original compressor, as first tested in the Phoebus, but by 1950 had been redesigned as the Proteus 2 with only a single centrifugal stage.
571:. In this installation four "Marine Proteus" engines were clustered in the rear of the craft, exhausts pointed rearward. The engines drove horizontal power shafts that delivered power to one of four "pylons" positioned at the corners of the boat. At the pylons,
575:
used the horizontal torque to power a vertical shaft, with a lift fan at the bottom and propeller at the top. The two at the front required long shafts running above the passenger cabin, as all four engines were mounted at the rear of the craft.
115:
that delivered just over 4,000 hp (3,000 kW). The
Proteus was a reverse-flow gas turbine. Because the second turbine drove no compressor stages, but only the propeller, this engine was classified as a
198:, but this project was cancelled. Only three Princesses were built, only one of which flew, and by the time the second Britannia was ready for testing the Proteus 3 was installed.
190:
flying-boat though. Eight engines on the
Princess were mounted in four pairs with each pair driving two propellers through a gearbox in opposite directions. They were known as
155:
The
Proteus was to power a very large airliner for use after the war. Design work started in September 1944 with its free turbine and propeller gearbox based on the earlier
194:. Two more engines were mounted singly with reversing propellers for manoeuvring on water. The Coupled Proteus was also intended to be used on the Mk.II version of the
1347:
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268:(BPh.1) Turbojet early version of the Proteus used to test and develop the gas generator portion of the engine, flight tested in the bomb bay of an
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to speed development of the engine by not hindering it with gearbox problems. It was test-flown in May 1946 fitted to the bomb bay of an
315:
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201:
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A specially modified
Proteus 705 with drive shafts at front and rear of the engine to drive front and rear differential gearboxes on
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Twin
Proteus 600 series engines driving contra-rotating propellers through a combining gearbox, developed specifically for the
848:
Turbojet History And Development 1930–1960 Volume 1 Great Britain and Germany, Anthony L. Kay, The Crowood Press Ltd. 2007,
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221:
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536:. These were among the fastest warships ever built, achieving over 50 knots on flat water. The Swedish torpedo boat
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Not Much of an Engineer, An Autobiography, Sir Stanley Hooker assisted by Bill Gunston, Airlife Publishing 2002,
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931:
https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200437.html?search=april%20chasing%20gremlin
903:
https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1958/1958%20-%200436.html?search=april%20chasing%20gremlin
256:
allocated the Proteus a designation which was apparently little used. Officially the Proteus was named
417:
1375:
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132:
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fast patrol boats, and subsequently in many fast patrol boats of similar design built for export by
178:
frequent intervals even at low power levels. This led to the famous quote of Proteus Chief Engineer
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engine. The compressor had 12 axial and 2 centrifugal stages. The gas generator was built as a
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Meteor Eject! Adventures of a cold-war fighter pilot, Nick Carter 2000, Woodfield Publishing,
875:
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489:
208:
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121:
87:
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Twin Proteus 710 engines driving contra-rotating propellers for the Bristol Brabazon I Mk.II.
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537:
494:
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Proteus, and later the Rolls-Royce Proteus. The Proteus was to have been superseded by the
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Military engines similar to the Proteus 765, to power the Bristol 253 Britannia C.Mk.1.
220:
an emergency landing on the mud in the river Severn estuary. Hearing of this failure,
183:
131:
and electrical generating sets. It was also used to power a land-speed record car, the
1731:
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Marinised Proteus engines have been used to power ships and hovercraft such as the
269:
171:
1522:
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781:
147:
which would have given a Britannia a 75% increase in power for cruising faster.
108:
278:(BPr.1)Prototype and early production engines used for development and testing.
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were still in use forty years later. A working example is preserved at the
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Used for industrial applications such as power generation, notably by the
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The engines slated for use in the Coupled-Proteus installations of the
290:
The fully developed initial version, renamed as the Proteus 700 series.
892:
https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201600.html
838:
https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1955/1955%20-%200547.html
1643:
284:
Initial production versions, renamed as Proteus 600 series engines.
1302:, A sectional view of Proteus 755 turboprop, showing gasflow paths
583:
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422:
416:
314:
200:
319:
Donald Campbell's Bluebird CN7 (powered by a Bristol Proteus 705)
252:
As with most gas turbine engines of the 1940s, 50s, and 60s the
1329:
1223:. South Western Electricity Historical Society. Archived from
1035:. South Western Electricity Historical Society. Archived from
302:
The engines used in the Coupled-Proteus installations for the
460:, the world's first unmanned electricity generation stations.
296:
Initial production engines renamed from Proteus series 2.
1175:. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd. pp. 210–235.
1010:. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd. pp. 210–235.
1270:. London: Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd 1951.
1193:. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989.
941:"World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines – 5th edition" by
542:
and her sisters were also powered by the Proteus. The
1292:"Advert by Bristol for the Proteus 755 and Britannia"
596:. Turbine itself is within the sound enclosure beyond
1699:
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694:. (early models had a single-stage power turbine)
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1166:. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
986:. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
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690:Two-stage gas generator turbine, two-stage
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1268:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1951–1952
1162:Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962).
1058:"BHC/Saunders Roe SRN4 Mountbatten Class"
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
982:Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962).
182:to Chief Engineer of the Engine Division
1164:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962–63
984:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962–63
830:
27:1940s British turboprop aircraft engine
31:
1173:Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917
1008:Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917
521:Proteus engine was used to power the
7:
1247:, Flightglobal archive, 9 April 1954
332:The engine used among others in the
727:) residual thrust giving 3,780 eshp
135:. After the merger of Bristol with
1191:World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines
25:
1155:"Pocket Power Station wins award"
1120:"Pocket Power Station wins award"
495:Bristol Type 167 Brabazon I Mk.II
40:
1083:Internal Fire - Museum of Power
945:, Sutton Publishing, 2006, p.36
609:Specifications (Proteus Mk.705)
603:Internal Fire - Museum of Power
454:South Western Electricity Board
336:land speed record-breaking car.
1221:"SWEB's Pocket Power Stations"
1157:. BBC Mid Wales. 11 June 2010.
1122:. BBC Mid Wales. 11 June 2010.
1078:"SWEB's Pocket Power Stations"
1033:"SWEB's Pocket Power Stations"
1:
1748:Mixed-compressor gas turbines
510:After testing on the frigate
1386:Horizontally opposed engines
1281:SWEB's Pocket Power Stations
1207:. Airlife Publishing, 1985.
557:The Proteus was used on the
548:Sparviero-class patrol boats
437:Brave-class fast patrol boat
127:, small naval patrol craft,
748:273 imp gal/hr (1,241 L/hr)
405:Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess
1764:
550:used a Proteus to drive a
49:Preserved Bristol Proteus
1372:Bristol Aeroplane Company
753:Specific fuel consumption
48:
39:
34:
1743:Bristol aircraft engines
1067:, James' Hovercraft Site
814:List of aircraft engines
18:Bristol-Siddeley Proteus
1738:1940s turboprop engines
1266:Bridgman, Leonard, ed.
1205:Not Much of an Engineer
1139:Retrieved: 28 July 2009
1133:Flightglobal archive –
668:, followed by a single
623:General characteristics
588:Generator of a Proteus
107:'s first mass-produced
1322:article on the Proteus
1306:"Power for the Giants"
1171:London, Peter (1988).
1106:A History of the World
1102:"Pocket Power Station"
1063:7 January 2010 at the
1006:London, Peter (1988).
732:Overall pressure ratio
597:
428:
344:Bristol Brabazon Mk.II
320:
216:
151:Design and development
139:the engine became the
105:Bristol Engine Company
1203:Hooker, Sir Stanley.
762:Power-to-weight ratio
713:Maximum power output:
587:
580:Pocket Power Stations
500:Saunders-Roe Princess
458:Pocket Power Stations
420:
318:
304:Saunders-Roe Princess
258:Bristol BPr.n Proteus
244:Series 250 aircraft.
204:
188:Saunders-Roe Princess
92:Saunders-Roe Princess
1227:on 24 September 2015
1039:on 24 September 2015
865:Hooker, 1985, p.128.
594:Internal Fire Museum
590:Pocket Power Station
472:Bluebird-Proteus CN7
334:Bluebird-Proteus CN7
133:Bluebird-Proteus CN7
1300:. 19 February 1954.
1286:Bristol Engine data
1241:"Aero Engines 1954"
1090:on 18 January 2009.
723:) + 1,200 lb (5.33
410:Coupled-Proteus 710
400:Coupled-Proteus 610
209:Britannia Model 102
776:Comparable engines
692:free power turbine
651:2,850 lb (1293 kg)
645:39.5 in (1,003 mm)
598:
506:Other applications
449:Industrial Proteus
429:
321:
254:Ministry of Supply
217:
213:Manchester Airport
137:Armstrong Siddeley
83:Major applications
1725:
1724:
1695:
1694:
1514:
1513:
1316:"Bristol Proteus"
854:978 1 86126 912 6
746:Fuel consumption:
742:44 lb/s (20 kg/s)
701:Aviation kerosene
639:113 in (2,870 mm)
490:Bristol Britannia
206:Britannia Airways
163:, and called the
122:Bristol Britannia
120:. It powered the
111:engine design, a
97:
96:
88:Bristol Britannia
16:(Redirected from
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1086:. Archived from
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802:Rolls-Royce Tyne
664:Single 12-stage
554:at high speeds.
463:Bluebird Proteus
421:Proteus-engined
287:Proteus series 3
281:Proteus series 2
275:Proteus series 1
196:Bristol Brabazon
141:Bristol Siddeley
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77:25 January 1947
68:Bristol Siddeley
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468:Donald Campbell
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1199:1-85260-163-9
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808:Related lists
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579:
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570:
567:
564:-class cross-
563:
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541:
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531:
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145:Bristol Orion
142:
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134:
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126:
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93:
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81:
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66:
64:Manufacturer
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1717:Gordon Lewis
1628:
1613:
1551:Gyron Junior
1469:Sleeve valve
1364:aero engines
1319:
1309:
1295:
1267:
1249:, retrieved
1244:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1219:Gale, John.
1204:
1190:
1172:
1163:
1147:Bibliography
1137:9 April 1954
1134:
1128:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1088:the original
1081:
1072:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:the original
1031:Gale, John.
1026:
1007:
983:
943:Bill Gunston
937:
926:
909:
898:
887:
870:
861:
844:
833:
807:
806:
797:Napier Eland
792:Lycoming T55
775:
774:
766:1.165 shp/lb
760:
751:
745:
739:
730:
712:
697:
684:
681:Reverse-flow
675:
661:
648:
642:
636:
628:
616:
613:
612:
599:
589:
561:
556:
544:Italian Navy
538:
527:
513:
509:
479:Applications
306:flying boat.
270:Avro Lincoln
257:
251:
238:
234:
218:
191:
176:
172:Avro Lincoln
164:
154:
118:free-turbine
100:
98:
29:
1600:Turboshafts
1530:(1959-1966)
1523:gas turbine
1378:(1920-1956)
1231:25 February
1043:25 February
882:, p.132-134
782:Allison T56
707:Performance
670:centrifugal
662:Compressor:
649:Dry weight:
562:Mountbatten
389:Proteus 765
384:Proteus 762
379:Proteus 761
374:Proteus 760
369:Proteus 758
364:Proteus 757
359:Proteus 756
354:Proteus 755
349:Proteus 750
339:Proteus 710
329:Proteus 705
324:Proteus 700
309:Proteus 625
299:Proteus 610
293:Proteus 600
226:Rolls-Royce
180:Frank Owner
109:gas turbine
1732:Categories
1707:Roy Fedden
1596:Turboprops
820:References
698:Fuel type:
677:Combustors
656:Components
569:hovercraft
523:Royal Navy
444:hovercraft
426:hovercraft
222:Lord Hives
129:hovercraft
74:First run
1700:Designers
1542:Turbofans
1538:Turbojets
1486:Centaurus
643:Diameter:
632:Turboprop
614:Data from
573:gearboxes
519:marinised
346:airliner.
232:in 1948.
113:turboprop
58:Turboprop
1560:variants
1491:Hercules
1061:Archived
771:See also
552:pump jet
484:Aircraft
439:and the
248:Variants
161:turbojet
125:airliner
103:was the
35:Proteus
1687:Stentor
1644:Ramjets
1634:Theseus
1629:Proteus
1581:Phoebus
1571:Pegasus
1566:Orpheus
1558: (
1556:Olympus
1501:Perseus
1454:Phoenix
1449:Pegasus
1439:Neptune
1434:Mercury
1429:Lucifer
1424:Jupiter
1357:Bristol
1318:a 1949
1312:article
1308:a 1948
1251:28 July
921:, p.218
719:(2,475
686:Turbine
637:Length:
592:at the
566:Channel
514:Exmouth
215:in 1965
1677:BS.605
1619:Nimbus
1609:BS.360
1576:BS.100
1506:Taurus
1481:Aquila
1395:Cherub
1320:Flight
1310:Flight
1297:Flight
1245:Flight
1211:
1197:
1179:
1135:Flight
1108:. BBC.
1014:
917:
878:
856:,p.141
852:
715:3,320
617:Flight
534:Vosper
530:-class
1682:Gamma
1624:Orion
1586:Viper
1496:Orion
1459:Titan
1444:Orion
1419:Hydra
1414:Draco
825:Notes
736:7.2:1
672:stage
666:axial
629:Type:
559:SR.N4
539:Spica
528:Brave
441:SR.N4
423:SR.N4
54:Type
1658:Odin
1653:Thor
1526:and
1253:2009
1233:2013
1209:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1045:2013
1012:ISBN
915:ISBN
876:ISBN
850:ISBN
512:HMS
230:Avon
99:The
717:shp
525:'s
470:'s
456:in
242:RAF
224:of
211:at
1734::
1598:/
1540:/
1359:/
1294:.
1243:,
1104:.
1080:.
992:^
950:^
725:kN
721:kW
517:a
90:,
1670::
1646::
1602::
1562:)
1544::
1474::
1407::
1388::
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
1235:.
1215:.
1185:.
1047:.
1020:.
764::
755::
734::
688::
679::
619:.
474:.
446:.
407:.
168:,
20:)
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