5th Parachute Brigade (United Kingdom)

1243:, by that evening. The 7th Parachute Battalion was ordered to attack what was believed to be three self-propelled guns on the village outskirts, while the 13th Parachute Battalion captured the nearby high ground. As the 7th Parachute Battalion's leading platoon approached the guns, they were met with heavy fire from anti-aircraft and anti-tank guns. The battalion was forced to take cover and was unable to move forward; but when darkness came, they advanced and seized the position, capturing 60 prisoners, one anti-tank gun, 11 anti-aircraft guns and several light machine guns. Elsewhere, the 13th Parachute Battalion had captured the high ground and the 12th Parachute Battalion had moved 20 miles (32 km) across country, and were ready to assault Erle once daylight came. They attacked at dawn, and captured the village after a 15-minute fight. The brigade held these positions while the rest of the division passed through them to continue the advance. They then resumed the lead after the division crossed the 1114:. The battalion had been observed by the Germans, and was met with heavy fire as their attack started. The battalion's 'A' Company made for the village, while 'B' Company attempted to secure the heights overlooking it. 'B' Company, faced with infantry supported by tanks and artillery, suffered heavy casualties, and was reduced to 21 men by nightfall. By 17:00 'A' Company had secured around half the village, and were joined by 'C' Company. Over the following day the Germans launched fifteen separate assaults to try to retake the village, but the battalion held out. With reinforcements from 'C' Company of the 2nd Ox and Bucks, the remainder of the village was captured. The battalion was then ordered to withdraw; the battle had cost them 68 dead and 121 wounded. At the same time, the 7th Parachute Battalion was attacking the village of 748:

their assembly point. Unable to wait any longer, the battalion headed for the captured bridges, and established a defensive position in Benouville, the division's only position west of the Caen Canal. Most of the 12th Parachute Battalion landed on the eastern edge of the DZ, and only around 60 per cent of the battalion arrived at their assembly point. Their objective was to secure the village of Le Bas de Ranville, which was achieved by 04:00. The 13th Parachute Battalion could also only muster around 60 per cent of its strength on the DZ. This battalion had two objectives; to secure Ranville and to clear the DZ of obstacles for the division's gliders which were to land next.

600: 1220:, which also targeted the brigade headquarters and the assembly areas of the 12th Parachute Battalion. The 7th Parachute Battalion secured the DZ, while the 12th and 13th Parachute Battalions headed for the brigade objective, the road from the DZ to Hamminkeln. By 15:00, despite fierce opposition, the brigade had secured its objectives, with a large number of prisoners taken, but had suffered around 700 casualties. Casualties for the division as a whole were 347 dead and 731 wounded. That night, the division was ordered to prepare to advance east into Germany from 26 March, when they were to be relieved by troops from the 1228: 981:

of the town. Overnight a patrol managed to cross the eastern branch, using a girder that had been left spanning the river when the bridge had been blown up. The patrol was then reinforced by 'A' and 'B' Companies, and fought a three-hour battle trying to form a bridgehead. They were then withdrawn back across the river, where the 7th Parachute Battalion had dug in to form a defensive position. At the same time, the 12th Parachute Battalion had tried to cross the river using fords to secure

1385: 1356:. They would have landed in Malaya, between Singapore and the Japanese forces in Burma. Reinforcements would then arrive by sea and attack northwards and southwards, while the brigade carried out another airborne landing on Singapore itself. However, following the Japanese surrender, all these plans changed, and the remainder of the 6th Airborne Division were sent to Palestine. Instead of carrying out an airborne landing, the 5th Parachute Brigade travelled by sea, leaving 1161: 1087: 66: 787:, and was the first French village to be liberated during the landings. This battalion was also attacked by infantry and tanks, three of which were destroyed during the day. At 21:00 the 6th Airlanding Brigade arrived at two landing zones, one on each side of the Orne river. By the end of the day the 12th and 13th Parachute Battalions were still holding Le Bas de Ranville and Ranville. The 7th Parachute Battalion, after being relieved by the 83: 819: 39: 229: 873:, were attempting to capture Breville, the only German held village on the high ground overlooking the British positions. By 12 June Breville was still in German hands, and Gale decided on one more attack, this time at night. This would be carried out by his only reserves; the 12th Parachute Battalion, now only 350 men strong, supported by the pathfinder company, a company from the 12th Devonshire Regiment, and a 806:

infantry company. The attack was beaten off for the loss of three tanks, but caused several casualties amongst 'A' Company, including the crew of their only supporting 6 pounder anti-tank gun. Later the same day during an attack on the 13th Parachute Battalion, three German self-propelled guns were destroyed, and the next day the battalion destroyed another six attacking tanks. The 12th Battalion,

775:. The battalion was still being attacked from the south, but the commandos' arrival meant their northern flank was now relatively secure. On the eastern side of the bridges, the 12th Parachute Battalion had been under mortar and artillery fire and was then attacked by the 21st Panzer Division's 125th Panzer Grenadier Regiment, which withdrew after losing a tank; several German infantry were taken 1302:, aware that the brigade to arrive first would continue as the division's lead formation. By this stage of the war the advance was hampered more by refugees fleeing westwards than by any organised opposition. The 3rd Parachute Brigade won the race and led the division to Wismar, arriving on 1 May only 30 minutes before the lead troops of the Soviet 862:. Two companies from the battalion entered the woods, while the tanks remained outside giving covering fire. By that evening the woods had been cleared. The cost to the 7th Parachute Battalion was only 10 men wounded, but the Hussars lost seven tanks, with 10 dead and five wounded. The German defenders had 20 men killed, and 100 prisoners were taken. 1002:

territory, and taken over 1,000 prisoners. Since landing on 6 June the division's casualties were 4,457, of which 821 were killed, 2,709 wounded and 927 missing. The 5th Parachute Brigade had 268 killed during the campaign. The division was withdrawn from France, and embarked for England at the beginning of September.

791:, was now in reserve, dug in along the western side of DZ-N. The 3rd Parachute Brigade was holding a ridge of high ground to the east of the 5th Parachute Brigade, and the 6th Airlanding Brigade were moving into position to their south. The north was covered by the 1st Commando Brigade which was now under the 6th Airborne Division's command. 941:, knowing that the 6th Airborne had almost no artillery, vehicles or engineer equipment, did not expect it to advance very quickly. To reach the Seine, the division would have to cross three major rivers. There were two main lines of advance, the road running along the coast and another road further inland from Troarn to 980:

The River Touques has two branches running through the town, and the 13th Parachute Battalion were given the objective of establishing a bridgehead across the river. The battalion reached and safely crossed the westernmost branch, but heavy German resistance prevented them from securing the main part

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and charged up the hill. Simultaneously, a German battalion, which had just arrived to reinforce the defenders, counterattacked causing several casualties. The two companies were forced to withdraw, closely followed by the enemy. The German counter-attack was halted by an artillery barrage, and Putot

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up to division by day and night. Airborne soldiers were expected to fight against superior numbers of the enemy, who would be equipped with artillery and tanks. Training was therefore designed to encourage a spirit of self-discipline, self-reliance and aggressiveness, with emphasis given to physical

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and the nearby railway embankment. They, too, were stopped by heavy German fire, which pinned them down on the embankment, inflicting significant casualties; 16 dead and 50 wounded. As they were unable to proceed, brigade headquarters called off their attack, but the battalion had to wait

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The 7th Parachute Battalion were to secure the ground to the east of the village. Delayed on the way, they ambushed a column of Germans advancing on them, before securing their objective. The 13th Parachute Battalion, which had been under fire for three hours, dashed across 1,000 yards (910 m)

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of tanks from the 13th/18th Hussars. The attack would be supported by artillery fire from five regiments of artillery. The assault started at 22:00, and after fighting throughout the night the village was eventually captured. British casualties were heavy; the 12th Parachute Battalion lost 141 men,

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grouped together and refused to disperse when ordered to do so by the orderly officer. The commanding officer then spoke to the men and ordered them to return to duty, which they again refused to do. That afternoon the commanding general arrived and spoke to them. They were then ordered to fall in

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Whereas all other Allied airborne landings had been a surprise for the Germans, the Rhine crossing was expected and their defences were reinforced in anticipation. The airborne operation was preceded by a two-day round-the-clock bombing mission by the Allied air forces. Then on 23 March 3,500

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arrived by sea later in the day, and took over the 12th Parachute Battalion's position. The 7th and 12th Parachute Battalions and the 2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry now formed the divisional reserve. Elements from three German formations were responsible for the attacks on the

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included capturing and holding airborne bridgeheads, road or rail bridges and coastal fortifications. At the end of most exercises, the troops would march back to their barracks, usually a distance of around 20 miles (32 km). An ability to cover long distances at speed was expected; airborne

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At 00:50 the brigade started landing at DZ-N, just north of Ranville. Equipment and navigational failures by the RAF pilots and the division's pathfinders resulted in the brigade being scattered all over the countryside. By 02:40 only around 40 per cent of the 7th Parachute Battalion had reached

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At the time Semarang had a population of around 210,000, a mixture of Indonesians, Chinese, Koreans, Dutch and Japanese. During the fighting before the brigade's arrival considerable damage had been caused to the town's infrastructure. There were no public utilities or medical services, food or

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Because of their positioning, the 5th Parachute Brigade was largely protected by the 6th Airborne Division's other units, and did not suffer from the almost constant German attempts to dislodge the division. However, the 12th Parachute Battalion was attacked on 7 June by seven tanks and an

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to the division, allowed one brigade at a time to go into reserve to rest. The first brigade withdrawn was the 3rd, and the 5th Parachute Brigade took over their positions on the ridge of high ground, between the 1st Special Service Brigade in the north and the Highland Division in the south.

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and at 09:00 attacked across DZ-N towards the bridges and the 13th Parachute Battalion. Waiting until the enemy were only 50 yards (46 m) away, the battalion opened fire. Supported by the mortars and Vickers machine guns of the 7th Parachute Battalion, 'C' Company from the 13th Parachute

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In nine days of fighting the 6th Airborne Division had advanced 45 miles (72 km), despite, as the divisional commander Major-General Gale put it, his infantry units being "quite inadequately equipped for a rapid pursuit,". They had captured 400 square miles (1,000 km) of enemy held

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towing Horsa gliders, with the reinforced 'D' Company from the 2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry on board, crossed the French coast. Shortly afterwards, the tow ropes were released and five of the gliders landed in the strip of land between the Caen Canal and the River Orne.

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The brigade arrived in the second wave of aircraft, after the 3rd Parachute Brigade, and the German anti-aircraft gunners were waiting for them. The parachute descent was made under fire, and the DZ itself was also subjected to artillery and mortar fire. The 7th Parachute Battalion suffered

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Prior to the British arrival, the Japanese commander had handed over his battalion's weapons to the Indonesians; when he was informed that this was against the Japanese Emperor's orders, he commanded his unarmed men to retrieve them. All their weapons were retrieved for the loss of 70

998:, they headed for Pont Audmer, which was the brigade's final objective. The Dutch were ordered to move with all speed, but arrived 20 minutes after the retreating Germans had blown up the bridge across the River Seine, and just before the 7th Parachute Battalion arrived by foot. 1459:

had advised him that there were, "a number of irregularities of a substantial nature which may well have prejudiced the accused individually. These irregularities in his opinion rendered the trial as a whole so unsatisfactory that the convictions ought not to be allowed to stand."

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the Devons another 35. The 12th Parachute Battalion was now reduced to only 55 men in its three rifle companies, plus the Headquarters Company. Some casualties were victims of the British artillery falling short. These included the 12th Parachute Battalion's commanding officer,

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On their return from Java, the 13th Parachute Battalion was stationed at Muar Camp in Malaya. The camp consisted of tents with no electricity, and no facilities for washing, cooking or recreation. Unhappy with the conditions, at 07:00 on 14 May around 260

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platoon. By 1944 a headquarters or support company was added to the battalion, comprising five platoons: motor transport, signals, mortar, machine-gun and anti-tank. This company had eight 3 inch mortars, four Vickers machine guns, and ten

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whose stated aim was to "slaughter all the Dutch and Chinese". To assist with security, a Japanese battalion was rearmed and given a sector of the defences to man. The 4th Anti-Tank Battery carried out patrols inside the town limits, while the

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After the capture of Breville the division was not attacked in force again, apart from an almost continuous artillery bombardment between 18 and 20 June. Further reinforcements arrived east of the River Orne on 20 July, when the

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and when they failed to comply, 258 men were taken into military custody. A Court of Inquiry was held which decided the 258 men were to stand trial for mutiny. In the trial, three men were acquitted, eight were sentenced to five years'

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water, so the brigade's engineers and medics were tasked to rectify the situation. To protect the inhabitants, the brigade's three battalions established a defensive perimeter around the outskirts of the town. Their main concern was

658:. This was an airborne military exercise spread over three days involving the 1st and 6th Airborne Divisions. Unknown to the men of the 6th Airborne, it was a full-scale rehearsal for the division's involvement in the imminent 3327: 3741: 1364:

in Malaya on 17 September. Only the 7th and 12th Parachute battalions landed, and they re-embarked the next day to sail for Singapore as part of Operation Tiderace; they arrived on 21 September. The brigade, now part of

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until dark to pull back. The next day, 24 August, a patrol from the 7th Parachute Battalion discovered that the Germans had withdrawn during the night. The whole brigade crossed the river and advanced unopposed to

744:(DZ). Some planes got lost and failed to reach the DZ or arrived late. Others were damaged before dropping all their paratroops and turned back, and one returned to base after failing to find the drop zone at all. 372:. Although tasked primarily with training parachute troops, it was also directed to investigate the use of gliders to transport troops into battle. At the same time, the Ministry of Aircraft Production contracted 925:

moved into the line between the 6th Airborne and the 51st (Highland) Division. On 7 August Gale was ordered to prepare the division to move over to the offensive, with its objective being the mouth of the

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Over the next days the German advance was halted and forced back, until at the end of January 1945, the brigade moved into the Netherlands. Here the division was made responsible for the area along the

1408:. Under the command of the 23rd Indian Infantry Division, the brigade carried out Operation Pounce, clearing the town and surrounding region of dissidents. In January 1946 they were moved to garrison 3756: 948:

On 17 August the Germans began to withdraw, and the 3rd Parachute Brigade started their attack at 03:00. By 18 August the brigade had crossed the River Dives and reached the outskirts of

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three days later. The brigade's mission was to restore law and order and disarm the Japanese military forces in the area. They were told to expect to remain in Java until relieved by units of the

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converted to parachute duties, and had to undergo airborne forces selection and training at the Airborne Forces Deport. On formation, each battalion had an establishment of 556 men in three rifle

325:, where it remained until a Dutch force arrived to take over. The brigade then rejoined the 6th Airborne Division, which was serving in Palestine, but was disbanded almost immediately afterwards. 3320: 1192:

Both airborne divisions began landing at the same time, 10:00 on 24 March 1945. The 6th Airborne were to protect the northern part of the landing area; they had six drop zones around the town of

1083:. The 3rd Parachute Brigade were on the left, 5th Parachute Brigade on the right, and the 6th Airlanding Brigade in reserve. By the time they arrived in position the German advance had faltered. 1471:

in Palestine on 5 August 1946. Shortly after disembarking, orders were received that the brigade was to be disbanded. Of the two remaining parachute battalions, the 7th was amalgamated with the

3751: 3761: 3612: 990:, which was secured after a brief fight. The brigade was halted again and the commandos of 1st Special Service Brigade took over the lead. On 26 August, to provide some mobility, the 965:

en Auge was captured by the combined forces of the 7th and 12th Parachute Battalions. They also took 120 German prisoners. The 3rd Parachute Brigade then resumed the advance towards

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each, and provided the brigade's only anti-tank guns. Later in the war, the battery was increased to five troops, three of them retaining the 6 pounder, while the other two had four

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were distributed among the other battalions in the division. On 13 September, the 22nd Independent Parachute Company, no longer part of the brigade by this time, was also disbanded.

3534: 3526: 1047:, 6th Airborne Division was available as a component of the strategic reserve for the Allied forces in northwest Europe. The other two divisions available in reserve, the American 666:

arrived later in the day just before dark. The division's objective was to secure the left flank of the invasion area, by dominating the high ground in the area between the rivers

1106:, and on 3 January became involved in the division's only fighting in the Ardennes. By 13:30 the 13th Parachute Battalion had covered 8 miles (13 km) and was in position to 3715: 3707: 1857: 3398: 945:. The commando brigade and the two parachute brigades would use the inland route, with the 3rd Parachute Brigade being responsible for the breakout when the time was right. 854:, which were occupied by the 857th Grenadier Regiment, part of the 346th Infantry Division. The operation would be carried out by the 7th Parachute Battalion, supported by 751:

By daybreak all the brigade's objectives had been secured. To the west of the Caen Canal, the 7th Parachute Battalion was attacked by tanks and armoured vehicles from the

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bridges intact, for the loss of two dead and several wounded. The intention was for this force to hold the bridges until relieved by the 7th Parachute Battalion. Next,

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then took over from the 6th Airborne Division as the lead formation until 30 April when the airborne division once more resumed the advance, crossing the

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assumed parachute duties, and on 21 November was re-designated the 11th Special Air Service Battalion, with a parachute and glider wing. This later became the

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as the division's advance party, but the war ended before it could begin operations. Instead the brigade became involved in disarming the Japanese forces in

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and Winston Churchill; it recommended that the British airborne forces should consist of two parachute brigades, one based in England and the other in the

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By 17 December the situation in Java had worsened, and the brigade was moved again, sent as reinforcements to assist the Indian division. They arrived at

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in July 1945. The brigade travelled ahead of the rest of the division as it had been intended to use them for Operation Zipper, an independent mission in

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The 22nd Independent Parachute Company was larger than a normal parachute infantry company, and comprised a small headquarters and three 33 man platoons.

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advancing from the east. While the rest of the brigade remained at Wismar, 'B' Company of the 13th Parachute Battalion were sent to Denmark to liberate

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In England the division went into a period of recruitment and training, concentrating on house-to-house street fighting in the bombed areas of

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had been called the "Rote Teufel" or "Red Devils" by the German troops they had fought in North Africa. The title was officially confirmed by

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On 17 March there were 153 light and 103 heavy anti-aircraft guns in the area. A week later these had increased to 712 light and 114 heavy.

1138:. Near the end of February the division returned to England to prepare for another airborne mission, to cross the River Rhine into Germany. 3433: 3418: 2028: 1557: 1528: 1389: 1182: 922: 599: 470: 443: 338: 3428: 2024: 846:

Battalion started a counterattack which drove the Germans away. The attack had cost the Germans 400 dead and 100 captured. Major-General

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crossed the waterways and took over the defence of the southern sector from the airlanding brigade. This, and the assignment of the

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From June to December 1943, the brigade prepared for operations as part of the 6th Airborne Division, training at every level from

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Men of the 5th Parachute Brigade listen to Field Marshal Montgomery at the brigade's headquarters at Osnabrück, Germany, 1945.

1417: 1370: 1333: 779:. A second German attack was also stopped, this time assisted by the 4th Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery, which destroyed three 603: 130: 391:, and to develop plans to convert several infantry battalions into parachute and glider battalions. On 31 May 1941, a joint 2068: 1496: 3511: 1488: 890: 788: 733: 3478: 1504: 1475:, retaining the number of the senior battalion, and the 12th Parachute Battalion was disbanded. Any men not immediately 1332:

Now that the war in Europe was over, plans were made to form an airborne corps comprising the 6th Airborne Division and

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platoons were required to cover a distance of 50 miles (80 km) in 24 hours, and battalions 32 miles (51 km).

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took over the brigade. In 1945, while the brigade was serving in the Far East, the brigade's last commander, Brigadier

898: 768: 662:. During the invasion, the division's two parachute brigades would land just after midnight on 6 June, while the 415:

On 23 April 1943 the War Office authorised the formation of a second airborne division, which would be numbered the

3771: 3766: 3656: 1525: 1452: 1044: 952:. Here they halted, and the 5th Parachute Brigade took over the attack, their first objective being the village of 440: 201: 1678: 1508: 1268: 542: 502: 400: 1467:. The 13th Parachute Battalion was disbanded before leaving Malaya, and the remainder of the brigade arrived at 1658: 1629: 1577: 1472: 1422: 1366: 982: 931: 870: 588: 554: 377: 1682: 1217: 1060: 1052: 859: 783:

and a tank. The 13th Parachute Battalion secured Ranville, which had been held by a company from the German

725: 614: 498: 482: 380:, an aircraft capable of transporting eight soldiers, that was used for both assault and training purposes. 349:

to investigate the possibility of creating a force of 5,000 parachute troops. As a result, on 22 June 1940,

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Airborne Armour: Tetrarch, Locust, Hamilcar and the 6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 1938–1950

1244: 282:. The brigade remained in Normandy until September 1944, by which time it had advanced to the mouth of the 1616: 1492: 1405: 1236: 1048: 718: 561: 530: 295: 1240: 3746: 3602: 3594: 1227: 977:, and the 5th Parachute Brigade moved to the front again, reaching Pont-l'Évêque at 12:00 on 22 August. 850:, commander of the 6th Airborne Division, decided to try to drive the Germans out of the large woods at 737: 584: 526: 763:. The battalion held out all morning against attacks by German tanks and infantry, and around noon the 587:

of the 22nd Independent Parachute Company, and the Parachute Platoon from the Light Composite Company,

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artillery shells. Their section of the DZ was only 700 yards (640 m) from a battery of German

1204:. The 5th Parachute Brigade would land on the northernmost DZ, DZ-B, and hold the area east of the 1111: 1059:

in northern France, and the 6th Airborne was sent by sea to Belgium to assist the defence. With 29

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On 27 March the brigade led the division's advance. Their first objective, the village of

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and 33 Allied divisions involved, the Battle of the Bulge was the largest single battle on the

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the division moved up to take position in front of the spearhead of the German advance; by

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airborne mission of the war. After this, the brigade advanced across Germany, reaching the

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platoon distributed food supplies. The brigade remained in Semarang until relieved by the

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airfield. On 7 April the brigade was informed that they were the lead formation of

818: 674:. For their part in the operation, the 5th Parachute Brigade had to capture intact the 457: 38: 1439: 1341: 1107: 1015: 827: 740:, a group from each battalion, and the brigade headquarters started to arrive over the 675: 631: 627: 534: 350: 314: 228: 71: 1348:. The division's advance party, based partly on the 5th Parachute Brigade, arrived in 960:

of open land into cover at the base of Hill 13. Then 'A' and 'B' Companies fixed

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bridges. To assist the brigade in its mission, 'D' Company from the 2nd Battalion,

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and discharged from the army, and the rest were given two years imprisonment with

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By December 1944 the brigade was preparing for Christmas leave, when news of the

446:, but on 5 July he was given command of the Airborne Forces Depot, and Brigadier 2032: 1704: 1534: 1448: 1349: 1252: 1033: 1021: 927: 866: 772: 760: 671: 651: 447: 404: 365: 310: 283: 204: 96: 1307: 1295: 1287: 1193: 1165: 1123: 1072: 1025: 667: 623: 369: 346: 299: 1487:

In 1947, a new 5th Parachute Brigade (Territorial) was raised as part of the

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At the same time, the 3rd Parachute Brigade, supported by the 5th Battalion,

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The brigade spent two months in Malaya, before being ordered to rejoin the

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The brigade was supported by the 4th Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery from the

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On Wings of Healing: The Story of the Airborne Medical Services 1940–1960

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commanded the company for the assault, which in short order captured the

619: 580: 2942:. Volume 1 of Elite series. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 2809: 2781: 1401: 1028:. The training programme culminated in Exercise Eve, an assault on the 961: 486: 249: 116: 44: 1681:. The 7th Parachute Battalion had previously been the 10th Battalion, 1075:

they had reached their allocated places in the defensive line between

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The 12th Parachute Battalion were converted from the 10th Battalion,

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over a bridge captured by the Scottish. The division's objective was

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On 10 June a large German force assembled to the south west of

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to design and produce a glider for this purpose. The result was the

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Impressed by the success of German airborne operations during the

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The brigade first saw action in the British airborne landings on

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from 6th Airborne Division in winter camouflage, 17 January 1945

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that reached the centre of Benouville had to be destroyed using

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Airborne infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II

3114:

Paras versus the Reich: Canada's Paratroopers at War, 1942–45

1677:, and the 13th Parachute Battalion from the 2/4th Battalion, 646:, the brigade took part in Exercise Mush, in the counties of 609:

speaking to men of the brigade prior to take off for Normandy

465:

The parachute battalions in the brigade were the experienced

3269:

Airborne to Battle: A History of Airborne Warfare, 1918–1971

1298:; the two parachute brigades advanced on separate routes to 423:, along with two airlanding battalions transferred from the 321:, to restore British sovereignty. Its last operation was in 3056:. New York City, United States: Turner Publishing Company. 1310:, arriving on 5 May. They remained in Copenhagen until the 1251:, fighting several small engagements on the way. After the 407:, and that a glider force of 10,000 men should be created. 3171:

The Second World War 1939–1945 Army — Airborne Forces

2999:. Raid Series. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 1703:

The sixth glider landed 20 miles (32 km) away at the

1239:, was unoccupied, so they pressed on to the next village, 994:

was placed under the brigade's command. Together with the

1610:

225th Parachute Field Ambulance, Royal Army Medical Corps

419:. Under its command the division would have the existing 575:, also served with the brigade for a one off mission in 2978:

D-Day 1944: Sword Beach & British Airborne Landings

930:. The three divisions east of the Orne together became 256:. Created during 1943, the brigade was assigned to the 3135:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Military. 2961:. Solihull, United Kingdom: Helion & Company Ltd. 1664:

and henceforth applied to all British airborne troops.

1259:. Supported by tanks from the 4th Armoured Battalion, 1173:

artillery guns targeted the German positions. At dusk

3288:

With the 6th Airborne Division in Palestine 1945–1948

3075:. London, United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 1340:. The corps would be used in operations to recapture 537:, the size and weight of the 17 pounder and its 3757:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1946

3290:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen and Sword Military. 3252:. London, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Aviation. 885:, who was killed. The same shell wounded Brigadiers 533:

each. While the 6 pounder could fit inside the

3706: 3688: 3665: 3611: 3593: 3543: 3525: 3517:

53rd (Worcester Yeomanry) Airlanding Light Regiment

3502: 3452: 3347: 3192:. Barnsley, United Kingdom: Pen & Sword Books. 893:of the commandos. The next day, 13 June, the 501:. The only heavy weapons in the battalions were a 215: 210: 195: 190: 146: 136: 122: 112: 102: 92: 77: 59: 51: 31: 3474:2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 1625:591st (Antrim) Parachute Squadron, Royal Engineers 1429:on 26 April 1946, and then returned to Singapore. 712:Just after midnight on 6 June 1944, six 547:591st (Antrim) Parachute Squadron, Royal Engineers 3752:Military units and formations established in 1943 1613:4th Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery, Royal Artillery 461:Parachute troops during Exercise Mush, April 1944 3762:Airborne infantry brigades of the United Kingdom 2906:. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: William Blackwood. 1369:, became the island's garrison. In December the 1177:, an assault river crossing of the Rhine by the 912:6th Airborne Division advance to the River Seine 700:Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges 383:The success of the first British airborne raid, 155:Capture of the Caen canal and Orne river bridges 3211:. London, United Kingdom: New English Library. 3173:. London, United Kingdom: Imperial War Museum. 1451:and discharged. Two days after sentencing, the 1164:Paratroopers from the 6th Airborne Division in 280:capturing the Caen canal and Orne river bridges 3018:. London, United Kingdom: Phoebus Publishing. 2805:"Mutiny Charges, Malaya (convictions quashed)" 2465: 2463: 2461: 1569:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 1455:quashed all the convictions, stating that the 1098:The 5th Parachute Brigade was ordered towards 684:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 579:. At the end of the war, while serving in the 569:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 43:Men of the 5th Parachute Brigade on patrol in 3535:6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 3321: 3233:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 3154:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 3037:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. 3035:Airborne: World War II Paratroopers in Combat 2921:The Encyclopedia of Codenames of World War II 2374: 2372: 1381:, and the brigade was moved to replace them. 1255:, the brigade again assumed the lead towards 996:6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment 830:in the background (The signs, in German, say 8: 2997:Pegasus Bridge — Benouville, D-Day 1944 2745: 2743: 1944: 1942: 1628:Parachute Platoon, Light Composite Company, 992:Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade 626:. A large part of the training consisted of 2923:. New York City, United States: Routledge. 2759: 2757: 2755: 2733: 2731: 2424: 2422: 2420: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1336:for service against Japanese forces in the 811:division; the 21st Panzer Division and the 686:was taken under its command to carry out a 3328: 3314: 3306: 3095:Armageddon: The Battle for Germany 1944–45 2771: 2769: 2721: 2719: 2655: 2653: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2326: 2324: 2287: 2285: 2203: 2201: 2182: 2180: 2152: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2108: 2106: 1914: 1912: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1507:. In 1950, the brigade was renumbered the 3169:Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990). 2061: 2059: 642:In April 1944, under the command of 3073:Wings Of War: Airborne Warfare 1918–1945 2887:. London, United Kingdom: Pocket Books. 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 254:British Army during the Second World War 3112:Horn, Bernd; Wyczynski, Michel (2003). 1738: 1646: 755:. With no heavy weapons available, one 3133:Silent Skies: Gliders At War 1939–1945 3116:. Toronto, Canada: Dundurn Press Ltd. 1847:"Obituary General Sir Kenneth Darling" 1314:arrived from England to relieve them. 28: 3097:. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan. 2851:"5th Parachute Brigade (Territorial)" 1032:, which was intended to simulate the 736:carrying the 5th Parachute Brigade's 7: 3250:History of the Glider Pilot Regiment 2777:"Mutiny Charges, Malaya (sentences)" 2029:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom) 1390:12th (Yorkshire) Parachute Battalion 923:49th (West Riding) Infantry Division 471:12th (Yorkshire) Parachute Battalion 3737:Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom) 3207:Saunders, Hilary St George (1971). 1588:591st (Antrim) Parachute Squadron, 3575:195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance 3570:181st (Airlanding) Field Ambulance 3271:. London, United Kingdom: Kimber. 3188:Peters, Mike; Buist, Luuk (2009). 1617:22nd Independent Parachute Company 1582:4th Airlanding Anti-Tank Battery, 1505:18th Battalion, Parachute Regiment 1465:6th Airborne Division in Palestine 1156:Western Allied invasion of Germany 25: 3585:225th (Parachute) Field Ambulance 3580:224th (Parachute) Field Ambulance 3565:133rd (Parachute) Field Ambulance 3560:127th (Parachute) Field Ambulance 3489:7th King's Own Scottish Borderers 1501:17th Battalion Parachute Regiment 1497:12th Battalion Parachute Regiment 1284:15th (Scottish) Infantry Division 1102:, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of 895:51st (Highland) Infantry Division 557:completed the brigade formation. 551:225th (Parachute) Field Ambulance 541:tractor unit required the larger 433:72nd Independent Infantry Brigade 3555:16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance 3479:2nd South Staffordshire Regiment 3150:Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006). 1222:52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division 1041:German offensive in the Ardennes 591:, were attached to the brigade. 567:, from the 2nd Battalion of the 439:, it was initially commanded by 227: 81: 64: 37: 3399:9th (Eastern and Home Counties) 2810:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2782:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2082:from the original on 2011-03-17 1860:from the original on 2012-11-12 1574:225th Parachute Field Ambulance 1360:on 9 September and arriving at 1271:, and fought a small battle at 1263:, they captured two bridges at 1200:, and bridges across the river 427:to form the nucleus of the new 399:memorandum was approved by the 278:, where it was responsible for 3054:USA Airborne: 50th Anniversary 2025:"The British Airborne Assault" 973:. They were held up capturing 889:of the airlanding brigade and 815:and 711th Infantry Divisions. 302:by the end of fighting in the 1: 3512:1st Airlanding Light Regiment 3484:2nd King's Own Royal Regiment 2069:"Obituary, Major John Howard" 1371:23rd Indian Infantry Division 1334:44th Indian Airborne Division 362:Central Landing Establishment 309:The brigade was then sent to 131:23rd Indian Infantry Division 18:British 5th Parachute Brigade 1567:'D' Company, 2nd Battalion, 2919:Chant, Christopher (1986). 2066:Arthur, Max (11 May 1999). 1509:45th Parachute Brigade (TA) 899:4th Special Service Brigade 3788: 3657:Special Air Service Troops 3071:Harclerode, Peter (2005). 3016:Airborne Warfare 1918–1945 2853:. Paradata. Archived from 1453:Secretary of State for War 1321: 1145: 1045:First Allied Airborne Army 1009: 909: 798: 697: 690:operation on the bridges. 560:'D' Company, commanded by 3267:Tugwell, Maurice (1971). 3229:; McBride, Angus (1981). 3152:British Commandos 1940–46 2938:Ferguson, Gregor (1984). 1906:Horn and Wyczynski, p.270 1679:South Lancashire Regiment 1187:US 17th Airborne Division 521:. This battery had three 489:. Each platoon had three 36: 3494:12th Devonshire Regiment 3414:11th Special Air Service 1630:Royal Army Service Corps 1607:13th Parachute Battalion 1604:12th Parachute Battalion 1578:Royal Army Medical Corps 1563:13th Parachute Battalion 1558:12th Parachute Battalion 1473:17th Parachute Battalion 1423:Royal Army Service Corps 1168:during Operation Varsity 871:51st (Highland) Division 822:Defensive position near 589:Royal Army Service Corps 555:Royal Army Medical Corps 454:, took over from Poett. 378:General Aircraft Hotspur 260:, serving alongside the 252:strength, raised by the 3464:1st Royal Ulster Rifles 3231:The Special Air Service 3190:Glider Pilots at Arnhem 3052:Hagerman, Bart (1990). 3014:Gregory, Barry (1979). 2902:Cole, Howard N (1963). 1948:Peters and Buist, p.327 1936:Peters and Buist, p.328 1763:Shortt and McBride, p.4 1683:Somerset Light Infantry 1601:7th Parachute Battalion 1553:7th Parachute Battalion 1418:Indonesian nationalists 860:13th/18th Royal Hussars 785:711th Infantry Division 531:Ordnance QF 17 pounders 355:1st Parachute Battalion 290:. This was followed by 3652:6th Airlanding Brigade 3627:1st Airlanding Brigade 3339:airborne units of the 3248:Smith, Claude (1992). 2593:Harclerode, pp.559–561 2575:Harclerode, pp.551–552 2387:Harclerode, pp.358–359 2348:Harclerode, pp.355–356 2270:Harclerode, pp.343–347 2252:Harclerode, pp.330–331 2243:Harclerode, pp.336–337 2234:Harclerode, pp.335–336 1927:Peters and Buist, p.55 1835:Harclerode, pp.223–224 1493:16th Airborne Division 1457:Judge Advocate-General 1433:Mutiny and disbandment 1406:Royal Netherlands Army 1397: 1396:on New Year's Eve 1945 1392:searching suspects in 1232: 1169: 1136:7th Parachute Division 1095: 1043:broke. As part of the 835: 771:started arriving from 664:6th Airlanding Brigade 610: 573:6th Airlanding Brigade 527:Ordnance QF 6 pounders 514:anti-tank projectors. 477:. These were standard 462: 429:6th Airlanding Brigade 339:British Prime Minister 337:in May–June 1940, the 266:6th Airlanding Brigade 3680:6th Airborne Division 3675:1st Airborne Division 3647:5th Parachute Brigade 3642:4th Parachute Brigade 3637:3rd Parachute Brigade 3632:2nd Parachute Brigade 3622:1st Parachute Brigade 3603:Glider Pilot Regiment 3286:Wilson, Dare (2008). 3033:Guard, Julie (2007). 2995:Fowler, Will (2010). 2957:Flint, Keith (2006). 1655:1st Parachute Brigade 1387: 1322:Further information: 1312:1st Parachute Brigade 1230: 1163: 1146:Further information: 1089: 1010:Further information: 910:Further information: 821: 799:Further information: 789:3rd Infantry Division 698:Further information: 602: 525:, equipped with four 460: 437:5th Parachute Brigade 425:1st Airborne Division 421:3rd Parachute Brigade 417:6th Airborne Division 262:3rd Parachute Brigade 258:6th Airborne Division 242:5th Parachute Brigade 174:Advance to the Baltic 127:6th Airborne Division 32:5th Parachute Brigade 3716:Deception formations 3389:7th (Light Infantry) 2530:Saunders, pp.280–281 2512:Saunders, pp.279–280 2165:Saunders, pp.157–158 1856:. 12 November 1998. 1491:and assigned to the 1183:XVIII Airborne Corps 906:Advance to the Seine 769:1st Commando Brigade 753:21st Panzer Division 467:7th (Light Infantry) 374:General Aircraft Ltd 360:On 21 June 1940 the 3469:1st Border Regiment 3131:Lynch, Tim (2008). 2857:on 17 December 2013 1495:. It comprised the 1108:assault the village 1067:during the war. On 1012:Battle of the Bulge 848:Richard Nelson Gale 808:Devonshire Regiment 781:self propelled guns 607:Richard Nelson Gale 595:Operational history 507:Vickers machine gun 288:Battle of the Bulge 167:Battle of the Bulge 3698:1st Airborne Corps 2976:Ford, Ken (2002). 2881:Ambrose, Stephen E 2100:Fowler, p.41, p.59 2035:on 30 January 2006 1398: 1328:Operation Tiderace 1245:Dortmund–Ems Canal 1233: 1170: 1096: 1055:, were already at 936:Lieutenant General 880:Lieutenant Colonel 858:from 'B' Squadron 836: 801:Battle of Breville 644:1st Airborne Corps 636:Military exercises 611: 503:3 inch mortar 497:, one of each per 463: 389:Parachute Regiment 385:Operation Colossus 181:Operation Tiderace 97:Parachute Infantry 3772:1946 in Indonesia 3767:1945 in Indonesia 3724: 3723: 3424:13th (Lancashire) 3384:6th (Royal Welch) 3297:978-1-84415-771-6 3278:978-0-7183-0262-7 3259:978-1-84415-626-9 3240:978-0-85045-396-6 3218:978-0-450-01006-4 3199:978-1-84415-763-1 3180:978-0-901627-57-5 3161:978-1-84176-986-8 3142:978-0-7503-0633-1 3123:978-1-55002-470-8 3082:978-0-304-36730-6 3063:978-0-938021-90-2 3044:978-1-84603-196-0 3025:978-0-7026-0053-1 3006:978-1-84603-848-8 2987:978-1-84176-366-8 2968:978-1-874622-37-6 2949:978-0-85045-573-1 2940:The Paras 1940–84 2930:978-0-7102-0718-0 2894:978-0-7434-5068-3 2813:. 10 October 1946 2611:Harclerode, p.568 2584:Harclerode, p.553 2566:Harclerode, p.551 2503:Harclerode, p.549 2446:Harclerode, p.363 2414:Harclerode, p.362 2405:Harclerode, p.359 2396:Harclerode, p.357 2378:Harclerode, p.358 2366:Harclerode, p.356 2339:Harclerode, p.354 2330:Harclerode, p.351 2309:Otway, pp.187–188 2291:Harclerode, p.348 2279:Harclerode, p.347 2207:Harclerode, p.335 2186:Harclerode, p.327 2156:Harclerode, p.316 2144:Harclerode, p.315 2130:Harclerode, p.314 2121:Harclerode, p.313 2112:Harclerode, p.317 1897:Harclerode, p.225 1883:Harclerode, p.224 1817:Harclerode, p.218 1175:Operation Plunder 1152:Operation Plunder 1148:Operation Varsity 934:; its commander, 734:Albemarle bombers 708:Normandy landings 660:Normandy invasion 491:Bren machine guns 475:13th (Lancashire) 343:Winston Churchill 292:Operation Varsity 235: 234: 171:Operation Varsity 151:Normandy landings 16:(Redirected from 3779: 3434:16th (Staffords) 3419:12th (Yorkshire) 3341:Second World War 3330: 3323: 3316: 3307: 3301: 3282: 3263: 3244: 3222: 3203: 3184: 3165: 3146: 3127: 3108: 3086: 3067: 3048: 3029: 3010: 2991: 2972: 2953: 2934: 2915: 2898: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2785:. 8 October 1946 2773: 2764: 2761: 2750: 2749:Cole, pp.198–199 2747: 2738: 2735: 2726: 2723: 2714: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2696: 2695:Cole, pp.196–197 2693: 2687: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2648: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2627: 2621: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2564: 2558: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2540: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2196: 2193: 2187: 2184: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2145: 2142: 2131: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2101: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2071: 2063: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2031:. 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Numbered the 413: 401:Chiefs-of-Staff 345:, directed the 331: 276:Operation Tonga 246:airborne forces 238: 223: 221: 219: 217: 197: 183: 179: 175: 173: 169: 165: 161: 159:Operation Tonga 157: 153: 129: 107:Airborne forces 65: 63: 47: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3785: 3783: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3729: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3605: 3599: 3597: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3541: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3531: 3529: 3527:Reconnaissance 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3514: 3508: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3460: 3458: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3394:8th (Midlands) 3391: 3386: 3381: 3379:5th (Scottish) 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3355: 3353: 3345: 3344: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3310: 3303: 3302: 3296: 3283: 3277: 3264: 3258: 3245: 3239: 3223: 3217: 3204: 3198: 3185: 3179: 3166: 3160: 3147: 3141: 3128: 3122: 3109: 3103: 3087: 3081: 3068: 3062: 3049: 3043: 3030: 3024: 3011: 3005: 2992: 2986: 2973: 2967: 2954: 2948: 2935: 2929: 2916: 2899: 2893: 2885:Pegasus Bridge 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2842: 2833: 2824: 2796: 2765: 2751: 2739: 2727: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2622: 2613: 2604: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2548:Tugwell, p.271 2541: 2532: 2523: 2514: 2505: 2489: 2487:Gregory, p.118 2480: 2471: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2281: 2272: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2209: 2197: 2188: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2146: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2102: 2093: 2055: 2046: 2016: 2014:Gregory, p.101 2007: 1998: 1996:Gregory, p.100 1989: 1975: 1966: 1964:Ferguson, p.16 1950: 1938: 1929: 1920: 1908: 1899: 1885: 1871: 1837: 1828: 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5th Parachute Brigade (United Kingdom)

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