20:
249:. Captain Mackay, being an officer with the King's commission, refused to obey Washington's orders, as coming from a provincial officer. Washington left Mackay and his company at Fort Necessity when initially moving forward towards Fort Duquesne, since the captain refused to let his men work on the road Washington was making through the woods, without extra pay. At the battle, however, they fought with fervor, suffering greater losses than the Virginians.
209:, South Carolina was not content with being protected by troops based in Georgia, and asked the government in London for troops stationed in the colony. In 1746 three understrength independent companies were sent to South Carolina, their 60 officers and other ranks forming a core for enlargement; the missing men to be recruited in
160:. As the independent companies were virtually ignored by the military authorities in Britain they became dependent on the local American communities, often relying on them for food, clothing, and housing. Soon they became rooted in the local society; transforming the military service into a sideline of a civilian occupation.
62:
in 1737 it was disbanded. In 1746 three understrength independent companies were sent to South
Carolina, but they were disbanded two years later. When Oglethorpe's Regiment was disbanded in 1748, three new independent companies were raised in South Carolina, partly recruited with soldiers from the
151:
The independent companies were recruited in
Britain and the soldiers rarely, if ever, returned to the old country after having left the service. The British Army was largely recruited among the poor and the criminal classes; yet, the independent companies had lower status. Their ranks were often
217:. After the end of the war, the companies were disbanded together with Oglethorpe's Regiment. Three new independent companies would be recruited, however, to serve in South Carolina. The discharged soldiers could enlist in the new companies, return to England, or remain in Georgia.
172:
in 1719 requested military aid from the motherland. The
British government drafted men from all garrison companies in Britain, thereby managing to create an independent company of 100 men, which was sent to South Carolina in 1721. The company was used to garrison
103:. In England, independent garrison companies existed since the end of the 15th century. The first three English independent companies in North America arrived in Boston in 1664, and were used to conquer the Dutch colony of
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
327:
In 1763, all the independent companies in
British North America were disbanded as a matter of policy; being replaced by regular British army regiments permanently stationed in America.
295:
country. The fort was then garrisoned by the company, with
Captain Demere as its commandant. In 1757, the command was transferred to Captain Paul Demere. The beginning of the
264:. When inspected, it was found to be in much better military order than the two independent companies from New York also joining the expedition. At the battle they formed the
756:
418:
699:
A List of the
Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, and Ensigns of His Majesty's Forces on the British Establishment.
591:
A List of the
Colonels, Lieutenant Colonels, Majors, Captains, Lieutenants, and Ensigns of His Majesty's Forces on the British Establishment.
272:, the steadfastness and fighting spirit of these two companies saved the remnants of the army from being surrounded and totally annihilated.
300:
242:
766:
139:. The four companies in New York and the three companies in South Carolina were the independent companies that served during the
177:, previously built and garrisoned by provincial scouts, until a fire in 1727 destroyed the fort, when the company was moved to
19:
761:
711:
197:
was authorized in 1737, the South
Carolina independent company ceased to exist, forming the nucleus of the new regiment.
210:
169:
124:
39:
261:
157:
80:
336:
280:
246:
116:
72:
257:
194:
132:
59:
412:
631:
108:
87:. They were disbanded in 1763, with the rest of the British army independent companies in North America.
308:
304:
269:
226:
140:
84:
64:
47:
28:
206:
648:
Guy, Alan J. (1994). "The Army of the
Georges 1714-1783." David G. Chandler & Ian Becket (ed.),
276:
342:
186:
76:
51:
43:
190:
348:
296:
253:
214:
120:
68:
24:
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182:
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128:
174:
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311:; all the officers except one being killed after the surrender, the men becoming Cherokee
284:
112:
268:
together with a provincial company of
Virginia rangers. During the expedition's confused
136:
104:
152:
filled with people who had left the regular service; former soldiers mainly, but also
720:
234:
96:
241:, an independent company from South Carolina was sent under the command of Captain
245:
to his aid; ultimately suffering defeat and surrender with Washington at the
265:
127:. In 1740, the four independent companies of New York were the only in the
319:
and released. Fort Prince George held out until finally relieved in 1761.
288:
153:
100:
312:
316:
299:
saw South Carolina Independent Companies in garrison at Charleston,
135:
in 1748 three new independent companies were raised for service in
18:
626:
The American Independent Companies of the British Army 1664-1764.
111:, independent garrison companies were stationed not only in the
63:
disbanded regiment. These three companies participated in the
275:
A second South Carolina independent company, under Captain
690:
Wood, Virginia Steel & Bullard, Mary A., eds. (1996).
641:
Ivers, Larry E. (2015). "Fort King George (Georgia)."
237:. In addition to the 300 men from his own provincial
752:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1763
747:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1749
742:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1737
415:
The British Military Presence in America, 1660-1720.
36:
British Army Independent Companies in South Carolina
23:
A sergeant of an independent company (left) and two
737:Military units and formations established in 1749
732:Military units and formations established in 1746
727:Military units and formations established in 1721
181:. In 1730 part of the company was transferred to
628:Thesis - University of California, Los Angeles.
8:
303:, and Fort Loudoun. Soon hostile Cherokees
233:had been ordered to remove the French from
58:was organized in 1721. With the raising of
692:Journal of a Visit to the Georgia Islands.
664:The Centennial Book of American Biography.
643:Colonial Wars of North America, 1512-1763.
524:Preston 2015, pp. 40, 244, 251, 259-260.
757:Company sized units of the British Army
614:The University of South Carolina Press.
408:
406:
366:
260:, again suffering a defeat, now at the
168:Facing an expected Spanish threat, the
650:The Oxford History of the British Army
636:A History of the British Army. Vol. 2.
252:Later, the company, now under Captain
309:Fort Loudoun had to surrender in 1760
287:in 1756, built on the request of the
7:
687:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
315:. After the war, the prisoners were
279:participated in the construction of
156:. The officers were often promoted
598:Western North Carolina: A History.
14:
461:Foote 1966, pp. 301-304, 309-310.
189:where they built and garrisoned
38:formed a major component of the
673:University of Pittsburgh Press.
533:Wood & Bullard 1996, p. 76.
131:, but after the disbandment of
712:Independent Highland Companies
624:Foote, William Alfred (1966).
560:Corkran 2016, pp. 10, 195-196.
391:Foote 1966, pp. 6-7, 151, 314.
42:'s military security. Regular
1:
662:McCabe, James Dabney (1876).
621:University of Oklahoma Press.
596:Arthur, John Preston (1996).
515:Washington 2004, pp. 36, 139.
685:George Washington Remembers.
683:Washington, George (2004).
607:Cambridge University Press.
783:
676:Preston, David L. (2015).
657:The Dead Towns of Georgia.
652:(Oxford University Press).
617:Corkran, David H. (2016).
603:Brumwell, Stephen (2002).
551:Anderson 2000, p. 459-463.
434:Fortescue 1899, pp. 43-45.
170:province of South Carolina
95:Independent companies are
46:were first established in
40:Province of South Carolina
638:London: Macmillan and Co.
610:Cashin, Edwar J. (2009).
542:Arthur 1996, pp. 568-570.
262:battle of the Monongahela
158:non-commissioned officers
147:Standing in the community
81:battle of the Monongahela
694:Mercer University Press.
680:Oxford University Press.
669:O'Meara, Walter (1979).
612:Guardians of the Valley.
247:Battle of Fort Necessity
221:South Carolina 1749–1763
201:South Carolina 1746–1749
164:South Carolina 1721–1737
73:Battle of Fort Necessity
767:Colonial South Carolina
655:Jones, Charles (1878).
600:The Overmountain Press.
582:Anderson, Fred (2000).
497:McCabe 1876, pp. 42-43.
488:Cashin 2009, pp. 79-80.
225:In the preludes to the
101:regimental organization
71:, participating in the
666:P.W. Ziegler & Co.
619:The Cherokee Frontier.
382:Army List 1756, p. 88.
373:Army List 1740, p. 57.
337:Fort Duquesne Campaign
193:. When the raising of
109:French and Indian Wars
32:
762:French and Indian War
506:O'Meara 1979, p. 105.
425:Retrieved 2018-01-23.
400:Brumwell 2002, p. 13.
258:Braddock's Expedition
229:, Lieutenant Colonel
227:French and Indian War
195:Oglethorpe's Regiment
141:French and Indian War
133:Oglethorpe's Regiment
85:siege of Fort Loudoun
65:French and Indian War
60:Oglethorpe's Regiment
48:British North America
44:independent companies
29:French and Indian War
22:
701:London: War Office.
697:Yonge, Will (1740).
593:London: War Office.
27:(right), during the
569:Foote 1966, p. 323.
479:Foote 1966, p. 314.
470:Ivers 2015, p. 333.
343:Braddock's Campaign
99:not belonging to a
77:Braddock Expedition
52:Independent Company
50:in 1664. The first
678:Braddock's Defeat.
671:Guns at the Forks.
589:Anonymous (1756).
452:Jones 1878, p. 63.
421:2011-05-22 at the
301:Fort Prince George
256:, participated in
33:
293:Overhill Cherokee
239:Virginia Regiment
231:George Washington
207:King George's War
183:St. Simons Island
129:Thirteen Colonies
117:Massachusetts Bay
774:
659:Applewood Books.
584:Crucible of War.
577:Cited literature
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175:Fort King George
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632:Fortesceu, J.W.
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25:Rogers' Rangers
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277:Raymond Demere
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137:South Carolina
125:South Carolina
115:, but also in
105:New Netherland
97:military units
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56:South Carolina
16:Military units
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107:. During the
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351:, 1759–1761.
349:Cherokee War
326:
307:both forts.
297:Cherokee War
274:
251:
243:James Mackay
224:
204:
191:Fort Delegal
167:
150:
94:
69:Cherokee War
55:
35:
34:
413:Lee Offen,
323:Disbandment
281:Fort Loudon
254:Paul Demere
721:Categories
645:Routledge.
356:References
211:Charleston
179:Port Royal
91:Background
83:, and the
605:Redcoats.
361:Citations
331:Campaigns
289:Cherokees
266:rearguard
154:deserters
706:See also
634:(1899).
419:Archived
317:ransomed
313:hostages
305:invested
215:Virginia
121:Virginia
67:and the
345:, 1755.
339:, 1754.
291:in the
283:on the
270:retreat
205:During
187:Georgia
586:Knopf.
123:, and
79:, the
75:, the
213:and
54:in
723::
405:^
185:,
143:.
119:,
31:.
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