221:
their opportunity of permit-free training abruptly withdrawn at great personal and financial costs to themselves and their careers'. The judge had explained that the previous shortage of
British trained doctors had been alleviated by particularly Indian doctors, but that medical schools had since increased their intake of students, hence increasing competition. The judge added that the government was not obliged to consult beforehand with BAPIO, and despite the home office failing to carry out racial equality assessments, "quashing" the regulations would not be justified.
537:
261:
Asians of both categories at a disadvantage" but he described the assessment itself as "proportionate" and designed to achieve "legitimate ends". but it was time for the RCGP to âeliminate discriminationâ in the MRCGP and address the disparity in pass rates for non-white groups. The judge stated "This claim has served useful purpose and achieved not a legal victory, but a moral success".
134:
2017, BAPIO worked with the Welsh health boards by recruiting Indian doctors on fixed two-year placements. The association additionally helps exchange skills and ideas between India and Wales. In 2017, secretary Dr
Hasmukh Shah said: "Britain's proposed exit from the Europe Union allows us in Wales to renew the historical links between the Indian subcontinent and the NHSâ.
272:
the differences in pass rates for some timeâ and they âwere the first of the
Medical Royal Colleges to publicly raise this issueâ and commission research into the cause of the discrepancies. In 2014, the RCGP pledged to support candidates and work with BAPIO and the British International Doctors Association (BIDA).
28:
271:
According to RCGP chairwoman Dr Clare Gerada, the exam is culturally specific, they take equality and diversity issues seriously and candidates eventually pass. Her successor, Dr
Maureen Baker also met the court decision with favour. She stated that âthe RCGP has been at the forefront of identifying
220:
In 2007, BAPIO took its challenge to the court of appeal after it initially lost the case against the government. The High Court ruled that the
Department of Health's guideline was illegal. The House of Lords upheld the judgement in April 2008. However, 'thousands of overseas doctors had already had
256:
of the way the RCGP conducts the test, because there is a "significant difference in pass rates which cannot be explained by a lack of any knowledge, skill or competency on the part of the
International Medical Graduates". 65.3% of international graduates failed their first attempt at the Clinical
133:
The association is divided into regional centres. The Welsh division of BAPIO is its largest. In 2015, an eighth of the 30% of overseas clinicians in Wales trained in India. These doctors were posted in highly deprived areas where patients were more complex and workload greater. Between 2016 and
260:
The legal challenge cost the
Association at least ÂŁ50,000. Mr Justice John Mitting presiding over the case said that the Royal College of General Practitioners was neither racially discriminatory nor in breach of its public sector equality duty. He said he was satisfied that the CSA "put south
112:
BAPIO is divided into regional centres across the UK, the largest division is in Wales. Its roles, which have included medical education, discussion forums and supporting physicians in difficulty, have led to its involvement in some high-profile court cases and debates. In 2007, BAPIO took its
257:
Skills
Assessment (CSA) component of the MRCGP exam in 2011/12, compared with 9.9% of UK graduates. In 2010/11, 59.2% of the international graduates failed at the first attempt, compared with 8.2% of UK graduates, while in 2008, 43% of IMGs failed the CSA compared with 8.3% of UK graduates.
267:
was asked to analyse data on more than 5,000 candidates who sat the CSA exam over a two-year period by the GMC. He found that âsubjective bias due to racial discrimination may be a causeâ of the different pass rates for between white and non-white graduates.
233:. They estimated that the intake in UK Medical Schools of Indian origin students was about 20%. Doctors from the subcontinent have had difficulties in getting jobs in the most popular specialities and the most desirable areas as was exposed by the work of
150:
are some of the factors behind the disparity between non-UK trained and UK-trained doctors being referred for
General Medical Council performance. Gender, age and speciality have also been noted to be significant factors.
113:
challenge on the 2006 immigration rules to the court of appeal after it initially lost the case against the government. The High court ruled in BAPIOs favour. In 2013, BAPIO sought a judicial review of the way the
217:
BAPIO stated "at least 15,000 doctors may have to leave the UK heavily in debt and without having completed qualifications, despite having been encouraged to come to the UK in the first place".
873:
685:
477:
185:
was received: âIndia is very proud that the dedication of Indian doctors has remained the backbone of the health services in the UK and will remain so for the foreseeable future.â
878:
211:
659:
630:
707:
503:
608:
210:
medical recruits. In an attempt to keep junior posts open for
British or EU graduates due to an expansion in medical graduate numbers by the year 2000, the
888:
117:(RCGP) conducted the clinical skills assessment exam. This was a legal victory for the RCGP, however, in the judges words âa moral successâ for BAPIO.
125:
BAPIO recruits its membership predominantly from doctors of Indian sub-continental origin including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
883:
142:
The BAPIO has a number of roles including education, discussion forums, support in difficulty, networking and charitable work. According to them,
893:
249:
114:
181:
received a leadership excellence award from the BAPIO at its annual conference. In addition, a personal message from prime minister of India
468:
663:
767:
723:
635:
214:
retrospectively sought to prohibit International Medical Graduates (IMGs) from applying for training positions in the NHS.
319:
97:(BAPIO) is a voluntary organisation for doctors of Indian sub-continental origin, established in 1996 and based in the
203:
199:
75:
349:
Rimmer, Abi (2017). "Unconscious bias must be tackled to reduce worry about overseas trained doctors, says BAPIO".
162:
106:
436:
600:
252:, alleging that the clinical skills assessment component of the Membership exam was discriminatory and seeking a
102:
245:
230:
815:
154:
During its annual conference in November 2012, the association passed a motion asking that suicides by
178:
849:
417:
374:
155:
768:"British Indian Doctors Association Launches Legal Action Over 'Inequality' In GP Medical Exams"
229:
In 2008, BAPIO estimated that there were around 40,000 doctors of Indian origin working in the
715:
409:
366:
841:
580:
572:
401:
358:
836:
Rimmer, Abi (2014). "RCGP will work with international doctors on membership exam issues".
253:
585:
560:
238:
207:
143:
98:
867:
182:
853:
421:
378:
264:
234:
166:
576:
529:
147:
504:"Immigration and the National Health Service: putting history to the forefront"
327:
790:
745:
719:
469:"BMA deputy chairman receives BAPIO leadership excellence award | GPonline"
413:
370:
660:"GPs' exams disadvantage ethnic minority students, says high court judge"
244:
In 2013 the Association launched a legal challenge to the regulator, the
561:"High Court rejects overseas doctors' challenge of UK work restrictions"
444:
62:
27:
845:
362:
158:
while undergoing investigations should be treated as a "never event."
405:
206:, raised concerns over changing immigration rules, which favoured
392:
Madhok, R. (2013). "Learning from Jacintha Saldanha's death".
295:"BAPIO | British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin"
631:"CSA legal challenge to cost overseas doctors' group ÂŁ200k"
299:
BAPIO | British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
294:
85:
437:"Covid-19: UK Indians rally to help during Covid crisis"
686:"BAPIO will not appeal MRCGP judicial review decision"
81:
68:
58:
50:
42:
34:
634:
467:
95:British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
20:British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
874:Medical associations based in the United Kingdom
633:. GP Online. 24 September 2013. Archived from
601:"House of Commons - Health - Written Evidence"
497:
495:
8:
879:Diaspora organisations in the United Kingdom
435:Kotecha, Sima; Lee, Joseph (28 April 2021).
18:
169:to support medical professionals in India.
165:, BAPIO set up fundraising for oxygen and
26:
17:
584:
289:
287:
285:
281:
320:"'Ambitious' Wales-India health talks"
250:Royal College of General Practitioners
115:Royal College of General Practitioners
816:"Doctors fail in equality claim case"
708:"Doctors fail in equality claim case"
198:In April 2006, BAPIO, along with the
7:
528:Casciani, Dominic (21 April 2006).
658:Siddique, Haroon (10 April 2014).
14:
889:Organizations established in 1996
789:Talwar, Divya (19 October 2013).
530:"Overseas NHS doctors 'betrayed'"
791:"GP exam 'unfair to minorities'"
746:"GP exam 'unfair to minorities'"
611:from the original on 11 May 2021
540:from the original on 11 May 2021
480:from the original on 11 May 2021
466:Durham, Neil (4 December 2014).
770:. Huffington Post. 2 March 2013
225:2013 Clinical skills assessment
884:Organisations based in Bedford
502:Snow, Stephanie; Jones, Emma.
248:, and the standards body, the
146:in the NHS and differences in
1:
894:Overseas Indian organisations
177:In 2014, BMA deputy chairman
748:. BBC News. 19 October 2013
577:10.1136/bmj.39125.369178.DB
204:Royal College of Physicians
910:
662:. Guardian. Archived from
605:publications.parliament.uk
163:COVID-19 pandemic in India
107:Bedford Hospital NHS Trust
25:
246:General Medical Council
231:National Health Service
326:. 2018. Archived from
194:2006 Immigration rules
559:Dyer, Clare (2007).
508:History & Policy
212:Department of Health
161:In 2021, during the
688:. Pulse. 7 May 2014
156:health care workers
129:Corporate structure
101:. Its president is
54:Medical association
22:
183:Shri Narendra Modi
846:10.1136/bmj.g4250
823:Belfast Telegraph
714:. 10 April 2014.
363:10.1136/bmj.j1881
91:
90:
901:
858:
857:
833:
827:
826:
820:
812:
806:
805:
803:
801:
786:
780:
779:
777:
775:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
742:
736:
735:
733:
731:
722:. Archived from
712:belfasttelegraph
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
682:
676:
675:
673:
671:
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
638:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
597:
591:
590:
588:
556:
550:
549:
547:
545:
525:
519:
518:
516:
514:
499:
490:
489:
487:
485:
474:www.gponline.com
471:
463:
457:
456:
454:
452:
443:. Archived from
432:
426:
425:
406:10.1136/bmj.f152
389:
383:
382:
346:
340:
339:
337:
335:
316:
310:
309:
307:
305:
291:
189:Legal challenges
144:unconscious bias
30:
23:
909:
908:
904:
903:
902:
900:
899:
898:
864:
863:
862:
861:
835:
834:
830:
818:
814:
813:
809:
799:
797:
788:
787:
783:
773:
771:
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
744:
743:
739:
729:
727:
706:
705:
701:
691:
689:
684:
683:
679:
669:
667:
657:
656:
652:
642:
640:
629:
628:
624:
614:
612:
599:
598:
594:
558:
557:
553:
543:
541:
527:
526:
522:
512:
510:
501:
500:
493:
483:
481:
465:
464:
460:
450:
448:
434:
433:
429:
391:
390:
386:
348:
347:
343:
333:
331:
318:
317:
313:
303:
301:
293:
292:
283:
278:
254:judicial review
227:
196:
191:
175:
140:
131:
123:
71:
12:
11:
5:
907:
905:
897:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
866:
865:
860:
859:
828:
807:
781:
759:
737:
726:on 11 May 2021
699:
677:
666:on 11 May 2021
650:
639:on 11 May 2021
622:
592:
551:
520:
491:
458:
447:on 11 May 2021
427:
384:
341:
330:on 11 May 2021
311:
280:
279:
277:
274:
239:Sam Everington
226:
223:
195:
192:
190:
187:
174:
171:
139:
136:
130:
127:
122:
119:
99:United Kingdom
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
906:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
869:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
829:
824:
817:
811:
808:
796:
792:
785:
782:
769:
763:
760:
747:
741:
738:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
700:
687:
681:
678:
665:
661:
654:
651:
637:
632:
626:
623:
610:
606:
602:
596:
593:
587:
582:
578:
574:
571:(7589): 333.
570:
566:
562:
555:
552:
539:
535:
531:
524:
521:
509:
505:
498:
496:
492:
479:
475:
470:
462:
459:
446:
442:
438:
431:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
388:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
345:
342:
329:
325:
321:
315:
312:
300:
296:
290:
288:
286:
282:
275:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
224:
222:
218:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
193:
188:
186:
184:
180:
179:Kailash Chand
172:
170:
168:
164:
159:
157:
152:
149:
145:
137:
135:
128:
126:
120:
118:
116:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:Ramesh Mehta
73:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
24:
21:
16:
837:
831:
822:
810:
798:. Retrieved
794:
784:
772:. Retrieved
762:
750:. Retrieved
740:
728:. Retrieved
724:the original
711:
702:
690:. Retrieved
680:
668:. Retrieved
664:the original
653:
641:. Retrieved
636:the original
625:
613:. Retrieved
604:
595:
568:
564:
554:
542:. Retrieved
533:
523:
511:. Retrieved
507:
482:. Retrieved
473:
461:
449:. Retrieved
445:the original
440:
430:
397:
393:
387:
354:
350:
344:
332:. Retrieved
328:the original
323:
314:
302:. Retrieved
298:
270:
265:Aneez Esmail
263:
259:
243:
235:Aneez Esmail
228:
219:
216:
197:
176:
167:telemedicine
160:
153:
141:
132:
124:
111:
103:Ramesh Mehta
94:
92:
59:Headquarters
35:Abbreviation
19:
15:
800:16 February
148:soft skills
868:Categories
513:22 January
484:22 January
334:22 January
304:22 January
276:References
121:Membership
840:: g4250.
774:1 October
752:1 October
720:0307-1235
692:1 October
670:1 October
643:1 October
357:: j1881.
70:President
43:Formation
854:79927701
795:BBC News
609:Archived
607:. 2008.
538:Archived
534:BBC News
478:Archived
441:BBC News
422:33141854
414:23341556
400:: f152.
379:42822040
371:28408535
324:BBC News
586:1800988
82:Website
63:Bedford
852:
730:11 May
718:
615:11 May
583:
544:11 May
451:11 May
420:
412:
377:
369:
173:Awards
850:S2CID
819:(PDF)
418:S2CID
375:S2CID
138:Roles
86:BAPIO
38:BAPIO
802:2018
776:2014
754:2014
732:2021
716:ISSN
694:2014
672:2014
645:2014
617:2021
546:2021
515:2018
486:2018
453:2021
410:PMID
367:PMID
336:2018
306:2018
237:and
202:and
93:The
51:Type
46:1996
842:doi
838:BMJ
581:PMC
573:doi
569:334
565:BMJ
402:doi
398:346
394:BMJ
359:doi
355:357
351:BMJ
200:BMA
105:of
76:OBE
870::
848:.
821:.
793:.
710:.
603:.
579:.
567:.
563:.
536:.
532:.
506:.
494:^
476:.
472:.
439:.
416:.
408:.
396:.
373:.
365:.
353:.
322:.
297:.
284:^
241:.
208:EU
109:.
856:.
844::
825:.
804:.
778:.
756:.
734:.
696:.
674:.
647:.
619:.
589:.
575::
548:.
517:.
488:.
455:.
424:.
404::
381:.
361::
338:.
308:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
