3081:
with the United
Kingdom admitting around 70,000 Jews between 1933 and 1938, and a further 80,000 between 1938 and 1945. The late 1940s and early 1950s proved to be the high point, numerically speaking, for British Jewry. A decline followed, as many of the new arrivals moved to Israel, moved back to Europe, or emigrated elsewhere, and many other individuals assimilated. The decline continued into the 1990s, but has since reversed. The estimates given before the 2001 Census are likely not directly comparable to the Census, as the Census is based purely on self-identification, whereas the estimates are based on community membership, and it is probably the decline from 450,000 to 266,740 is more like a decline from 450,000 to somewhere between 300,000 and 350,000 going by the metrics of the estimators. Contemporary Jewish demographers like Sergio DellaPergola give figures around 300,000 for the British Jewish population in the early 2010s, since when it has grown.
98:
4317:
2771:, which traces back to the 1630s when it existed clandestinely in London before the readmission and was unofficially legitimised in 1656, which is the date counted by the Jewish community as the re-admittance of the Jews to England (which at the time included Wales). A trickle of Ashkenazi immigration primarily from German countries continued from the late 17th century to the early 19th century. As for the second wave of Ashkenazi immigration, a large wave of
47:
5492:
7598:
8094:
74:
3112:, representing the third consecutive annual decline. The figure was one third down on 2015 and was the lowest for five years. Meanwhile, immigration of Jews from Israel is consistently higher than emigration of Jews to Israel, at a ratio of about 3:2, meaning the British Jewish community has a net gain of Jewish immigrants, to the point Israelis now represent around 6% of the British Jewish community.
3020:, amongst others. However, this final figure is considered an undercount. Demographers David Graham and Stanley Waterman give several reasons as for why: the underenumeration for censuses in general; the question did not record secular Jews; the voluntary nature of the question; suspicion by Jews of such questions; and the high non-response rate for large numbers of Haredi Jews. By comparison, the
3844:(2,680). There are also 30,220 Jews living in districts that are not quite London, but are outside the boundaries of London itself, of which 21,270 are in southern Hertfordshire and 4,930 are in southwestern Essex, giving a total population of 175,690 Jews in London and the districts and boroughs immediately surrounding it, as compared to 95,640 in the rest of England and Wales combined.
86:
62:
5506:
4007:
7586:
3052:(JPR) suggests that, although there was an apparent option to write down "Jewish" for this question, it did not occur to many, because of "skin colour" and nationality bias, and that if "Jewish" was an explicit option, the results—only 2,594 respondents were Jewish solely by ethnicity—would have been different. The religion question appeared in the
3080:
Going into the 19th century, the Jewish population was small, likely no more than 20,000 individuals. However, the population quadrupled in just a few decades after 1881 as a large number of Jews fled oppression in the
Russian Empire. The population increased by as much as 50% between 1933 and 1945,
4091:
The 2001 UK Census showed that 30.5% of economically active Jews were self-employed, compared to a figure of 14.2% for the general population. Jews aged 16–24 were less likely to be economically active than their counterparts in the general population; 89.2% of these were students. In a 2010 study,
4022:
The
British Jewish population has an older profile than the general population. In England and Wales, the median age of male Jews is 41.2, while the figure for all males is 36.1; Jewish females have a median age of 44.3, while the figure for all females is 38.1. About 24% of the community are over
3071:
reported that in
England the orthodox community was growing by nearly 5% per year, while the non-haredi community was decreasing by 0.3% per year. It has been also documented that in terms of births, between 2007 and 2015, the estimated number of Strictly Orthodox births per annum increased by 35%,
4303:
Cookbooks grew in popularity in
Britain during the mid-1800s and shaped the overall cuisine that British Jews experienced by teaching and inspiring housewives how to cook. The shaping of Jewish food overtime told the story of their frequent migration throughout Europe. There was a lot of influence
4071:
British Jews generally have high levels of educational achievement. Compared to the general population, they are 40% less likely to have no qualifications, and 80% more likely to have "higher-level" qualifications. With the exception of under-25s, younger Jews tend to be better educated than older
3903:
The next most significant population is in
Greater Manchester, a community of more than 28,000, mostly in Bury (10,730), Salford (10,370), Manchester (2,630), and Trafford (2,410). There are also significant communities in Leeds (6,270), Gateshead (2,910), Brighton (2,460), St Albans (2,240), and
4115:
rate for the Jewish community in the UK was 26%. This was less than half of the US rate of 58% and showed little change from the rate in the early 1980s of 23%, though more than twice the 11% level of the end of the 1960s. Around one third of the children of mixed marriages are brought up in the
3986:, where the community has fewer than 100 active members, although 439 people recorded their religion as Jewish in the Northern Irish census of 2021; despite remarkable growth since the previous census in 2011, this still leaves the Northern Irish community as the smallest of the four
2996:, or 0.5% of the overall population, whilst in the 2021 Northern Irish census, there were 439 self-identified Jews comprising just 0.02% of the population, but marking a 31% increase in numbers since the census of 2011. According to the 2011 census, 5,887
5573:
The question had appeared in the past several censuses in
Northern Ireland. In Scotland there were two questions: "What religion, religious denomination or body do you belong to?" and "What religion, religious denomination or body were you brought up
3847:
In total, including communities some distance from London, just under 46,000 Jews live in the six counties bordering
Greater London, of which two-thirds live in areas immediately adjacent to London. There are, in total, more than 26,400 Jews in
3047:
is complex, and the religion question did not record people who may be Jewish through other means, such as ethnically and culturally. Of people who chose Jewish as their religion, 97% put White as their ethnic group. However, a report by the
5254:
in 1936, when the fascists were forced to abandon their march through an area with a large Jewish population when the police clearing the way were unable to remove barricades defended by trade unionists, left wing groups and residents.
3939:, at 2.06%, and then Greater London at 1.63%. Greater Manchester is 1.00% Jewish, Essex is 0.70% and East Sussex is 0.65%. No other county is as much as 0.50% Jewish. The least Jewish county or principal area in England and Wales is
2716:. When Henry VIII's England annexed Wales, the English ban on Jews extended to Wales. There is only one known record of a Jew in Wales between 1290 and the annexation, but it is possible individuals did persist there after 1290.
4339:. A May 2016 poll of British Jews showed 77% would vote Conservative, 13.4% Labour, and 7.3% Liberal Democrat. An October 2019 poll of British Jews showed 64% would vote Conservative, 24% Liberal Democrat, and only 6% Labour.
4092:
average income per working adult was £15.44 an hour. Median income and wealth were significantly higher than other religious groups. In a 2015 study, poverty has risen the fastest per generation than other religious groups.
2735:
turned it down. Despite the
Protectorate government's rejection of the Rabbi's petition, the community considers 1656 to mark the readmission of the Jews to England and Wales. In mid-nineteenth century British-ruled Ireland,
2712:, which was an independent kingdom until 1707; however, there is no record of a Jewish presence in Scotland before the 18th century. Jews were also not banned in Wales at the time, but England eventually annexed Wales under
3056:, but there was still no explicit option for "Jewish" in the ethnic-group question. The Board of Deputies had encouraged all Jews to indicate they were Jewish, either through the religion question or the ethnicity one.
5285:(CST) was formed in 1994 to " British Jews from antisemitism and related threats". It works in conjunction with the police and other authorities to protect Jewish schools, Synagogues, and other community institutions.
4023:
the age of 65 (compared to 16% of the general population of
England and Wales). In the 2001 census, Jews were the only group in which the number of persons in the 75-plus cohorts outnumbered those in the 65–74 cohort.
4046:
The majority of Jewish schools in Britain are funded by the government. Jewish educational centres are plentiful, large-scale projects. One of the country's most famous Jewish schools is the state-funded
4304:
from Eastern European and Ashkenazi food. This resulted in the common staples of Anglo-Jewish women to keep bread, bagels, and potatoes consistently in their homes. Since, they had a history filled with
3072:
rising from 1,431 to 1,932. Meanwhile, the estimated number of ‘Mainstream’ (non-Strictly Orthodox) births per annum increased to a lesser extent over the same period, going from 1,844 to 1,889 (+2.4%).
5778:
4095:
The 2021 census for England and Wales recorded 72.3% of Jews either owning their home with a mortgage (32.5%) or outright (39.8%). 20.9% rent privately or live rent free and the remaining 6.8% live in
4385:
7521:
4342:
Jews are typically seen as predominantly middle-class, though historically many Jews lived in working-class communities of London. According to polling in 2015, politicians' attitudes towards
2705:
1255:
7165:
6668:
Heath, A. and Li, Y. (2015) Review of the relationship between religion and poverty; an analysis for the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. CSI Working paper 2015-01. Page 16. Downloaded from
6463:
6400:
7777:
4361:
3952:
1833:
4295:, which had announced plans to merge in February and later announced plans for a joint liquidation, continued as separate entities after the former was acquired by a consortium.
3043:
included a (voluntary) religion question ("What is your religion?") for the first time in its history; 266,740 people listed their religion as "Jewish". However, the subject of
1488:
1183:
7083:
3067:
in 2007 showed that 75% of British Jewish births were to the Haredi community. Ultra-Orthodox women have an average of 6.9 children, and secular Jewish women 1.65. In 2015, the
2980:
Data prior to 2001 based on estimates; these come from the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1901-1906, the US Holocaust Museum, and Jews in Britain-Origin and Growth of Anglo Jewry (1943)
1375:
5622:
4397:
6155:
4051:
in London which opened in 1732 and has about 2100 students. It is heavily over-subscribed and applies strict rules on admissions, which led to a discrimination court case,
3982:, with almost 700 Jews, comprising about a third of the Welsh Jewish population and 0.19% of the population of Cardiff itself. The only synagogue in Northern Ireland is in
8064:
7185:
4389:
2583:
6940:
7996:
7533:
3093:
estimated that 21,000 people resident in the UK were born in Israel, up from 11,890 in 2001. Of the 21,000, 8,000 had Israeli nationality. In 2013, it was reported that
347:
5524:
5281:
Records of antisemitic incidents have been compiled since 1984, although changing reporting practices and levels of reporting make comparison over time difficult. The
1370:
5235:
lived in England during the expulsion. Jews were regularly subjected to discrimination and humiliation which waxed and waned over the centuries, gradually declining.
8508:
8097:
8041:
5660:
1618:
7056:
2628:
5549:
6622:
3920:
have experienced a steady decline and now number fewer than 2,000 self-identifying Jews each; conversely, there are small but growing communities in places like
5815:
4935:
1872:
8031:
6681:
6225:
8523:
7695:
6382:
5972:
5597:
5360:
4966:
4373:
8330:
857:
820:
5340:
3089:
The great majority (83.2%) of Jews in England and Wales were born in the UK. In 2015, about 6% of Jews in England held an Israeli passport. In 2019, the
6868:
4076:, which are accused of neglecting secular skills such as English and maths, claim not to be schools under the meaning of the Department for Education.
8518:
4377:
1796:
7490:
2661:
who believed the Jewish population's commercial skills would make his newly won country more prosperous. At the end of the 12th century, a series of
8111:
7746:
4369:
4125:
3841:
1819:
5900:
8399:
7575:
4393:
2644:
1169:
102:
7172:
7107:
5791:
3032:
This equates to 0.43% of the population of the United Kingdom. The absolute number of Jews has been gradually rising since records began; in the
6759:
3800:. Around 145,480 Jews live in London itself - more than half the Jewish population of the entire country - notably the North London boroughs of
2816:
settle in the United Kingdom. A multicultural community, in 2006, British Jews celebrated the 350th anniversary of the resettlement in England.
8356:
7767:
7665:
7642:
6333:
6270:
5544:
5436:
5099:
5068:
4381:
4154:
2576:
1746:
1681:
1563:
3990:
both in overall numbers and percentage terms. There are small communities throughout the Channel Islands, and there is an active synagogue in
8470:
6411:
867:
8364:
8161:
8146:
7741:
7700:
7685:
7510:
7400:
7270:
7226:
5335:
5148:
5119:
5088:
5057:
5028:
4997:
4906:
4877:
4848:
4819:
4790:
4761:
4732:
4703:
4672:
4653:
4634:
4609:
4582:
4556:
4534:
4515:
4490:
4464:
4436:
4357:
4328:
4108:
4096:
3068:
3049:
2761:
1305:
8079:
8315:
7261:
4563:
4365:
3280:
1573:
1390:
1380:
620:
7293:
7249:
3998:, although the Jewish population of the island is only 49. There is only a small number of Jews on the Isle of Man, with no synagogue.
8430:
8384:
8236:
8206:
8047:
8026:
8016:
7902:
5855:
5355:
5195:
4227:
1969:
1919:
1884:
1578:
1443:
1310:
6920:
6704:
5872:
8374:
8186:
7973:
7617:
7040:
7000:
6123:
5744:
5702:
5319:
2569:
1661:
1623:
1598:
1518:
1503:
1350:
1290:
1245:
7433:
4083:
festival is a high-profile educational event of the British Jewish community, attracting a wide range of international presenters.
4043:
and Hebrew language instruction are commonly offered at synagogues in the form of supplementary Hebrew schools or Sunday schools.
8379:
8226:
7809:
6937:
6152:
5924:
5845:
5396:
4174:
3616:
3036:, 263,346 people in England and Wales answered "Jewish" to the voluntary question on religion, compared with 259,927 in of 2001.
1954:
1936:
1842:
1736:
1588:
1583:
1508:
1473:
1340:
6315:
8420:
8369:
7725:
6778:
5534:
5461:
5446:
5293:
5271:
4160:
3963:
2997:
2709:
2636:
2472:
2371:
1926:
1909:
1862:
1761:
1671:
1608:
1558:
1538:
1533:
1453:
1427:
1402:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1240:
1235:
78:
5646:'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Religion'
8460:
8445:
8440:
8270:
8211:
8074:
8001:
7376:
7217:
5601:
5539:
5529:
5314:
4112:
3951:
councils are the most Jewish local authorities in England, with Jews composing one in six and seven residents respectively.
3090:
2745:
2632:
1945:
1931:
1899:
1879:
1847:
1791:
1766:
1741:
1721:
1711:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1628:
1543:
1528:
1448:
1407:
1360:
1355:
1275:
1220:
66:
6199:
6401:"Where Jewish Votes May Matter Most: The Institute for Jewish Policy Research Guide to the 2015 General Election in the UK"
4316:
8487:
8450:
8280:
8221:
8169:
8069:
7622:
5411:
5289:
4053:
3825:
3059:
From 2005 to 2008, the Jewish population increased from 275,000 to 280,000, attributed largely to the high birth rates of
2698:
2366:
1904:
1889:
1852:
1814:
1786:
1776:
1771:
1756:
1751:
1731:
1716:
1701:
1676:
1642:
1613:
1513:
1498:
1422:
1412:
1330:
1300:
1225:
1211:
5758:
3876:(2,980). Some 30% of Radlett's population is Jewish, as is 20% of Bushey's and 17% of Borehamwood's, 21% of neighbouring
3000:
for a total of 277,653 self-identified Jews in the United Kingdom. This does not include much smaller communities in the
847:
8394:
8215:
7670:
7331:
5630:
4068:
is an umbrella organisation that represents Jewish students at university. In 2011 there were over 50 Jewish Societies.
3975:
3029:
2640:
1974:
1894:
1857:
1781:
1726:
1593:
1568:
1493:
1468:
1458:
1397:
1320:
1315:
1295:
1285:
1265:
1250:
1143:
611:
606:
90:
8480:
8465:
8389:
8199:
7814:
7680:
7675:
7568:
7363:
6612:
6295:
5426:
4164:
3900:. In total, London and the counties around it are host to 70.56% of England and Wales' Jewish population, as of 2021.
3837:
3821:
2809:
2768:
1964:
1959:
1914:
1867:
1553:
1523:
1483:
1478:
1335:
641:
7963:
7472:
5823:
7547:
6847:
6526:
5996:
4392:, which both voted Labour in the election. Outside the region, large Jewish constituencies voted for Labour, namely
8263:
7413:
7347:
6795:
6234:
5391:
5201:
3813:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3040:
3033:
2989:
2964:
2951:
2938:
2438:
2283:
1991:
1385:
581:
571:
307:
53:
6464:"There are 49 Jews left on the British island of Jersey. The pandemic has pushed their one synagogue to the brink"
5948:
5238:
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the number of Jews in Britain greatly increased due to the exodus from
4257:, founded in 1841 and the world's oldest continuously published Jewish newspaper. Other publications include the
928:
8006:
7632:
7359:
The Emancipation of Catholics, Jews and Protestants: Minorities and the Nation State in Nineteenth-Century Europe
7209:
6032:
5421:
5365:
5247:
3833:
3805:
2727:
made it clear that the ban on Jewish settlement in England and Wales would no longer be enforced, but when Rabbi
2669:
were perpetrated in England, particularly on the east coast. Notably, on 16 March 1190, during the run up to the
2552:
2245:
2096:
2037:
8139:
8011:
7762:
7647:
7627:
7612:
7445:
Shindler, Colin. "The Reflection of Israel Within British Jewry". Ben-Moshe, Danny; Segev, Zohar (eds) (2007).
6549:
6163:
5456:
5330:
5309:
5282:
4231:
4178:
4144:
4128:, and it is estimated that 56.3% of all households across the UK with at least one Jew living within them held
4065:
3948:
3861:
3857:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3064:
2255:
2235:
1345:
825:
366:
6541:
3966:
population, or around 1,510 people, resides in East Renfrewshire, largely in or around the Glasgow suburb of
7968:
6791:
5685:
DellaPergola, Sergio (2019), "World Jewish Population, 2018", in Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (eds.),
5451:
4332:
4136:
3829:
2396:
2386:
2351:
2230:
2220:
2003:
1174:
1116:
950:
629:
586:
301:
5656:
7958:
7561:
7497:
7426:
7327:
7084:"Communities minister Robert Jenrick vows to tackle parts of local Government 'corrupted' by antisemitism"
5386:
5381:
5251:
3094:
3021:
2693:(charging interest). Fifteen years later when Edward found that many of these provisions were ignored, he
2515:
2250:
2164:
1230:
782:
401:
371:
158:
7459:
6992:
Studies in Contemporary Jewry: XI: Values, Interests, and Identity: Jews and Politics in a Changing World
6176:
4251:, magazines and other media published in Britain on a national or regional level. The most well known is
777:
8513:
7452:
6894:
5497:
5471:
4356:
In London, most of the top constituencies with the largest Jewish populations voted Conservative in the
4168:
3974:
counts 1,270 Jews; the remaining 35% of Scottish Jewry is scattered throughout the country. The largest
2741:
2406:
2401:
2346:
2134:
1049:
764:
659:
376:
5204:. Jews living in England at this time experienced religious discrimination and it is thought that the
8248:
8104:
7835:
7705:
7189:
5519:
4445:
4253:
4184:
3884:, which has a Jewish plurality. Further afield from London, there is also a significant community in
3005:
2682:
2658:
2477:
2429:
2169:
2027:
840:
705:
694:
652:
4132:
membership in 2016. The percentage of households adhering to specific denominations is as follows:
8287:
8132:
7937:
7927:
7870:
7637:
7553:
7526:
7438:
6056:
5476:
5406:
5325:
5213:
4277:
3544:
2737:
2728:
2678:
2674:
2530:
903:
770:
673:
666:
596:
484:
359:
191:
5726:
5643:
4323:
in 1878, the only Prime Minister who was Jewish by birth; he was otherwise a practicing Christian.
3935:
The most Jewish county in the UK is Hertfordshire, which is 2.23% Jewish; this is followed by the
8275:
7856:
7389:
6119:
5708:
5243:
5217:
4283:
3001:
2694:
2381:
2331:
2278:
2273:
2187:
2057:
1325:
1154:
913:
833:
687:
253:
130:
7409:
Whitehall and the Jews, 1933–1948: British Immigration Policy, Jewish Refugees and the Holocaust
6809:
7016:
6435:
8425:
8320:
8253:
7922:
7715:
7446:
7321:
7036:
6996:
6829:
6351:
6233:. Institute for Jewish Policy Research & Board of Deputies of British Jews. Archived from
6024:
5878:
5851:
5740:
5698:
5623:"Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data"
5431:
4336:
4320:
4032:
3518:
2993:
2757:
2753:
2701:
2525:
2467:
2447:
2264:
1824:
1463:
923:
794:
724:
601:
514:
381:
162:
7420:
7357:
7274:
6810:"Migration, Cuisine And Integration: The Anglo-Jewish Cookbook From The Lady To The Princess"
8435:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8174:
7932:
7877:
7863:
7849:
7772:
7690:
7597:
7514:
7476:
7396:
7290:
7246:
6821:
6436:"JCR-UK: Belfast Jewish Community & Synagogues (Hebrew Congregations), Northern Ireland"
6300:
6040:
5690:
5466:
5345:
5224:
4265:
4248:
4234:
said in 2015 that it had the largest membership of any single Orthodox synagogue in Europe.
4190:
4140:
3888:, as well as other smaller communities throughout the county. There are over 10,300 Jews in
3796:
The majority of the Jews in the UK live in southeastern England, particularly in and around
3256:
3102:
2732:
2495:
2376:
2336:
2300:
1998:
1548:
1059:
815:
719:
634:
524:
316:
207:
187:
179:
175:
97:
6648:
4072:
ones. However, dozens of the all-day educational establishments in the Haredi community of
8337:
8258:
8194:
7297:
7253:
6944:
6545:
6356:
6159:
5267:
5228:
3959:
3492:
2788:
2724:
2689:) in 1275, restricting the community's activities, most notably outlawing the practice of
2457:
2416:
2411:
2391:
2313:
2307:
2240:
2192:
2032:
2013:
1164:
893:
805:
788:
332:
211:
203:
199:
2791:
in 1905 sought their way to the Isles. Many German and Polish Jews seeking to escape the
8124:
7491:"Committed, concerned and conciliatory: The attitudes of Jews in Britain towards Israel"
7196:
3025:
279:
8455:
8342:
7353:
7337:
5511:
5232:
5179:
4150:
4040:
3940:
3936:
3466:
3060:
3053:
2776:
2772:
2616:
2608:
2557:
2356:
2225:
2211:
2091:
2070:
2047:
2042:
2020:
2008:
1603:
1084:
1018:
983:
961:
898:
736:
714:
576:
555:
531:
297:
46:
8502:
8475:
8415:
6964:
5712:
5278:
led by Jewish ex-servicemen which broke up fascist meetings from 1945 to early 1950.
5209:
5008:
4977:
4946:
4073:
3967:
3893:
3849:
3204:
2813:
2806:
2795:
2670:
2650:
2505:
2500:
1706:
1633:
1159:
1008:
1003:
998:
988:
966:
918:
680:
519:
424:
386:
337:
195:
183:
5847:
The Jews of the British Crown Colony of Aden: History, Culture, and Ethnic Relations
5292:
reveals that almost half of British Jews have contemplated leaving the UK since the
8036:
7464:
6181:
5183:
4057:, in 2009. In 2011, another large state-funded school opened in North London named
4048:
3987:
3943:, which is less than 0.01% Jewish despite once having had a significant community.
3707:
3044:
2799:
2749:
2662:
2535:
2361:
2202:
2197:
2155:
2108:
1202:
1069:
1054:
1013:
978:
591:
433:
7230:
7534:"Publications on British Jews from the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner"
7407:
7383:
7370:
7341:
7030:
6990:
6449:
7917:
7894:
7842:
7108:
After Corbyn, UK Labour elects Keir Starmer, Zionist with Jewish wife, as leader
6587:
6521:
5694:
5416:
5350:
5205:
4259:
3913:
3865:
3302:
3230:
3098:
2520:
2462:
2127:
1033:
1028:
1023:
993:
6767:. Institute for Jewish Policy Research & Board of Deputies of British Jews.
6731:"Jews in couples: Marriage, intermarriage, cohabitation and divorce in Britain"
5208:
which accused Jews of ritual murder originated in Northern England, leading to
8325:
8021:
7017:
Jewish Identity in British Politics: The Case of the First Jewish MPs, 1858–87
5764:
5487:
4541:
4308:, dishes varied heavily and included fish, meat, spaghetti, pudding, or soup.
4197:
Those in the United Kingdom who consider themselves Jews identify as follows:
4006:
3991:
3917:
3028:
to adherents of Judaism) in 2012, making Britain's Jewish community the fifth
2713:
2178:
1192:
1121:
1079:
908:
888:
447:
354:
274:
228:
7304:
6833:
6730:
5186:, while not Jewish themselves, are married to Jews and have Jewish children.
3101:
to the UK. This has resulted in some synagogues establishing French-language
7481:
6825:
6136:
5792:"Iraq-born refugee could become first Arabic speaker to head Britain's Jews"
5259:
4129:
3971:
3955:
is the political constituency with the largest Jewish population in the UK.
3944:
3929:
3909:
3885:
3853:
3009:
2720:
2341:
2326:
1416:
1364:
1126:
1074:
1064:
745:
741:
731:
646:
406:
154:
146:
138:
7585:
6995:. OUP USA/Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
6477:
1094:
17:
6516:
5877:(in-depth article), European Jewish Press, 30 October 2005, archived from
7907:
6503:
6499:
6140:
5376:
5275:
4305:
3905:
3897:
2784:
2510:
2120:
2052:
883:
391:
342:
150:
142:
73:
6334:"Aliyah from UK close to lowest level as just 534 made the move in 2018"
6271:"New figures show near-doubling of Israeli-born UK residents since 2001"
3864:. Towns and villages in Hertsmere with large Jewish populations include
6895:"EXCLUSIVE – ELECTION POLL: One quarter of UK Jews set to vote Lib Dem"
6617:
4350:
4271:
4036:
3983:
3979:
3921:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3017:
2780:
2666:
2654:
2486:
2452:
2321:
2115:
1104:
1099:
971:
862:
757:
753:
749:
498:
493:
470:
452:
327:
322:
312:
290:
265:
224:
61:
7356:. "British Jews". Liedtke, Rainer; Wendehorst, Stephan. (eds) (1999).
6965:"Nearly half of UK Jews considered leaving due to antisemitism - poll"
5689:, vol. 118, Springer International Publishing, pp. 361–449,
3896:, in the county's southwest. There is also a significant community in
7953:
7912:
7720:
6079:
6077:
5441:
5401:
5239:
4343:
4080:
4015:
4011:
3995:
3925:
3869:
3797:
3109:
3013:
2792:
2146:
2141:
2101:
2086:
1197:
1089:
509:
475:
461:
396:
126:
6044:
5200:
The earliest Jewish settlement was recorded in 1070, soon after the
4171:
and Chaim V'Tikvah and Hastings and District Jewish Society) – 19.3%
5212:
and increasing discrimination. The Jewish presence continued until
7991:
7216:
Graham, David; Schmool, Marlena; Waterman, Stanley (18 May 2007),
6538:
4061:, the first cross-denomination Jewish secondary school in the UK.
4058:
4005:
3889:
2690:
1109:
538:
442:
411:
134:
85:
7166:"Report of the All-Party Parliamentary Inquiry into Antisemitism"
6025:"Underenumeration of the Jewish Population in the UK 2001 Census"
5739:
Prestwich, Michael. Edward I p 345 (1997) Yale University Press.
7188:. September 2006. Accessed 1 April 2011. 24 November 2010. See
7148:
5263:
4349:
As per a 2023 survey, four out of five British Jews identify as
2843:
2673:, the Jewish population of York was massacred at the site where
2612:
261:
241:
8128:
7557:
7432:
Wynne-Jones, Jonathan; additional reporting by Jeffay, Nathan.
7419:
Schreiber, Mordecai; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon. (2003).
7124:
6227:
Vital statistics of the UK Jewish population: births and deaths
5779:
Jews escaping from German-occupied Europe to the United Kingdom
4031:
About 60% of school-age Jewish children attend Jewish schools.
7710:
7385:
British Romanticism and the Jews: History, Culture, Literature
6383:"Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"
5997:"Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"
5973:"Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics"
5370:
6921:
Huge majority of British Jews will vote Tory, JC poll reveals
4331:, 69% of British Jews surveyed were planning to vote for the
6669:
6517:"A Cross-Denominational Approach to High School in the U.K."
5871:"EJP looks back on 350 years of history of Jews in the UK",
2838:
2731:
brought a petition to allow Jews to return, the majority of
6705:"Intermarriage at record high – but rate of increase slows"
2977:
Source: Data from 2001 onwards derived from the UK Census
7522:"Inside the private world of London's ultra-Orthodox Jews"
7513:. 15 July 2010. Accessed 4 April 2011. 22 July 2011. See
7303:
Casale Mashiah, Donatella; Boyd, Jonathan (14 July 2017),
6779:"Welcome to our shul! This week: Stanmore and Canons Park"
3856:
in southwestern Hertfordshire adjacent to Jewish areas in
3121:
Jews in England and Wales by ethnic group and nationality
2805:
Following de-colonisation, the late twentieth century saw
7308:
2723:
was identified in Bristol in 1609 and banished. In 1656,
5246:. Popular sentiment against immigration was used by the
7057:"Election 2017: Winners and losers on a night of drama"
2697:. The Jewish population emigrated to countries such as
7397:"The future of Jewish schooling in the United Kingdom"
6200:"Israel emigration to UK outstrips aliya, says report"
4346:
influence the vote of three out of four British Jews.
7473:"London's Jewish Museum reopens after major facelift"
7395:
Valins, Oliver; Kosmin, Barry; Goldberg, Jacqueline.
6634:
6573:
6561:
6296:"Exodus to the UK as French Jews escape antisemitism"
6257:
6107:
6095:
6083:
6068:
5242:, which resulted in a large community forming in the
3908:(2,060). Some historically sizeable communities like
2802:. Around 80-90% of British Jews today are Ashkenazi.
2615:. The number of people who identified as Jews in the
5274:
continued, however, leading to the formation of the
3962:, which counts around 2,500 Jews. Around 30% of the
2756:(1804–1881), of Jewish birth although he joined the
2125:
2106:
529:
8408:
8355:
8235:
8185:
8160:
8057:
7982:
7946:
7887:
7827:
7802:
7788:
7755:
7734:
7656:
7605:
7125:"About CST – CST – Protecting Our Jewish Community"
6316:"Aliyah from Britain falls for third year in a row"
2760:, served in government for three decades, twice as
234:
218:
168:
120:
38:
8065:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism
7305:Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2016
7263:Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010
7186:All-Party Parliamentary Group against Antisemitism
6761:Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2016
7997:Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre
6792:"The Jewish Chronicle and Anglo-Jewry, 1841–1991"
6153:"Majority of Jews will be Ultra-Orthodox by 2050"
6019:
6017:
2708:despite the expulsion. Jews were not banned from
7219:Jews in Britain: A Snapshot from the 2001 Census
6059:. Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 1 April 2011.
5525:List of Jewish communities in the United Kingdom
8042:Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland
7343:The Jewish Chronicle and Anglo-Jewry, 1841–1991
6304:. February 21, 2013. Accessed January 23, 2014.
5661:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
5304:British Jewish communal organisations include:
198:; immigrant languages include or have included
7434:"Is this the last generation of British Jews?"
6450:"JCR-UK: The Channel Islands Jewish Community"
6193:
6191:
5550:Emancipation of the Jews in the United Kingdom
5250:to incite hatred against Jews, leading to the
2767:The oldest Jewish community in Britain is the
8140:
7569:
7260:Graham, David; Vulkan, Daniel (13 May 2010),
6753:
6751:
6394:
6392:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
5949:"Britain: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries"
5925:"A summary history of immigration to Britain"
5225:Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
4147:and independent Orthodox synagogues") – 42.8%
2775:Jewish immigrants fleeing persecution in the
2706:A small English community persisted in hiding
2619:rose by just under 4% between 2001 and 2021.
2577:
8:
7899:Jewish Association for Mental Illness - Jami
7696:Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
6938:How Ed Miliband Lost Britain's Jewish Voters
6869:"Jewish Chronicle survey results - May 2016"
5592:
5590:
5361:Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain
2829:
33:
6057:"The Jewish Population of the World (2010)"
5270:. Outbursts of antisemitism emanating from
3958:The Scottish population is concentrated in
3008:; notably, there are Jewish communities in
2787:between 1880 and the imposition of tighter
2740:, known as "The Liberator" for his work on
821:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
8241:
8147:
8133:
8125:
7752:
7576:
7562:
7554:
7530:. 25 February 2011. Accessed 1 April 2011.
7468:. 20 November 2007. Accessed 4 April 2011.
7442:. 26 November 2006. Accessed 1 April 2011.
7403:. 31 December 2002. Accessed 4 April 2011.
6588:"Should a school be in a place like this?"
6525:. 21 January 2009. Accessed 3 April 2011.
5598:"Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021"
3119:
3024:estimated a Jewish population of 291,000 (
2828:
2629:History of the Jews in England (1066–1290)
2584:
2570:
2434:
2075:
1148:
955:
560:
429:
248:
32:
7448:Israel, the Diaspora, and Jewish Identity
6621:. 8 January 2010. Accessed 1 April 2011.
3892:, of which 4,380 live in the district of
7747:Jewish communities in the United Kingdom
4402:
4315:
3852:, of which 18,350 are in the borough of
2798:arrived in Britain before and after the
7485:. 17 March 2010. Accessed 1 April 2011.
6185:. 21 May 2008. Accessed 10 August 2011.
6177:"British Jewish population on the rise"
5586:
5566:
4213:10% Traditional, but not very religious
4187:(Assembly of Masorti Synagogues) – 3.3%
4157:and others of a similar ethos") – 23.5%
2769:Spanish and Portuguese Jewish community
2649:The first recorded Jewish community in
2645:History of the Jews in Northern Ireland
2485:
2437:
2263:
2210:
2177:
2154:
2078:
1944:
1832:
1806:
1641:
1435:
1210:
1182:
1041:
875:
804:
704:
619:
563:
483:
460:
432:
260:
114:(includes non-Jewish relatives of Jews)
8509:Jews and Judaism in the United Kingdom
7768:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations
7666:British Association for Jewish Studies
7643:Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
7592:Jews and Judaism in the United Kingdom
6506:. 25 June 2009. Accessed 1 April 2011.
6478:"JCR-UK: Isle of Man Jewish Community"
6166:. 23 July 2007. Accessed 1 April 2011.
5545:History of the Jews in the Isle of Man
5437:Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
4384:in Hertfordshire. The exceptions were
4155:Union of Orthodox Hebrew Congregations
3970:. Glasgow itself has around 970 Jews.
110:Core Jewish population: 290,000 (2018)
8155:Asian diasporas in the United Kingdom
6959:
6957:
6586:Titheradge, Noel (27 February 2018).
6490:"The Future of Jewish Schools", p. 7.
6143:. 21 May 2008. Accessed 1 April 2011.
5901:"Jewish Population of Europe in 1933"
7:
7742:Jewish cemeteries in the London area
7701:Jewish Historical Society of England
7686:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
7511:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
7401:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
7271:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
7227:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
6989:Medding, Peter Y. (1 January 1995).
5727:"The 1190 Massacre: History of York"
5680:
5678:
5336:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
5231:in 1655, though it is believed that
4109:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
3069:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
3050:Institute for Jewish Policy Research
2830:Historical British Jewish population
121:Regions with significant populations
8524:Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
6635:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6574:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6562:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6500:"Jewish school admissions unlawful"
6258:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6137:"Jewish population on the increase"
6108:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6096:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6084:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
6069:Graham, Schmool & Waterman 2007
2746:the repeal of the "De Judaismo" law
2599:(often referred to collectively as
8048:Israel lobby in the United Kingdom
8027:Northern Ireland Friends of Israel
8017:Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel
7903:Jewish Council for Racial Equality
6758:Casale Mashiah, Donatella (2017).
6682:"Religion and tenure of household"
6649:"Economic Inequality and Religion"
6224:Casale Mashiah, Donatella (2018).
6023:Graham, David; Waterman, Stanley.
5356:Jewish Council for Racial Equality
5196:Antisemitism in the United Kingdom
4228:Stanmore and Canons Park Synagogue
4039:are found throughout the country.
25:
7974:Jews for Justice for Palestinians
7618:Board of Deputies of British Jews
7372:The Jews of Britain, 1656 to 2000
7323:Anti-Semitism Worldwide 1999/2000
7082:Harpin, Lee (15 September 2019).
6124:Board of Deputies of British Jews
4386:Hackney North and Stoke Newington
612:Historical population comparisons
8519:British people of Jewish descent
8093:
8092:
7596:
7584:
7422:The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia
7382:Spector, Sheila A. (ed) (2002).
6684:. Office for National Statistics
6613:"Writing the Limmud theme song "
5790:Sherwood, Harriet (2018-05-05).
5504:
5490:
1256:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1170:Historical population by country
96:
84:
72:
60:
52:United Kingdom: 277,613 – 0.4% (
45:
8080:Israel–United Kingdom relations
7726:London School of Jewish Studies
7488:Graham, David; Boyd, Jonathan.
7029:Crewe, Ivor (16 October 2015).
6314:Rocker, Simon (19 March 2019).
6198:Sokol, Sam (20 November 2015).
6039:(2): 89–102. March/April 2005.
5535:History of the Jews in Scotland
5462:United Restitution Organization
5447:UCL Institute of Jewish Studies
5262:, undisguised racial hatred of
4335:, while 22% would vote for the
3061:Haredi (or ultra-Orthodox) Jews
2637:History of the Jews in Scotland
27:British citizens who are Jewish
8075:Council of Christians and Jews
8002:Conservative Friends of Israel
7377:University of California Press
7212:. 2008. Accessed 4 April 2011.
7197:"The Future of Jewish Schools"
6969:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
6808:Panayi, Panikos (2011-12-19).
6647:Field, Clive (27 April 2010).
6352:"London by religion: Analysis"
5687:American Jewish Year Book 2018
5602:Office for National Statistics
5540:History of the Jews in Ireland
5530:History of the Jews in England
5315:Association of Jewish Refugees
5223:Jews were readmitted into the
4153:("synagogues aligned with the
3091:Office for National Statistics
2695:expelled the Jews from England
2633:History of the Jews in England
1:
8070:British Hero of the Holocaust
7623:Campaign Against Antisemitism
7309:Institute for Jewish Research
6729:Graham, David (5 July 2016).
6703:Rocker, Simon (7 July 2016).
5412:London Jewish Cultural Centre
5290:Campaign Against Antisemitism
4054:R (E) v Governing Body of JFS
3095:antisemitic attacks in France
2992:, there were 271,327 Jews in
2748:, which prescribed a special
827:Christianity and Judaism
7671:Gateshead Talmudical College
7332:University of Nebraska Press
5631:National Records of Scotland
5296:due to rising antisemitism.
2641:History of the Jews in Wales
7676:Holocaust Educational Trust
7550:. University of Southampton
7364:Manchester University Press
6399:Boyd, Jonathan (May 2015).
6033:Population, Space and Place
5695:10.1007/978-3-030-03907-3_8
5427:Movement for Reform Judaism
5294:2023 Hamas attack on Israel
4165:Movement for Reform Judaism
3373:– White and Black Caribbean
2733:the Protectorate Government
2699:Poland which protected them
2126:
2107:
1834:Latin America and Caribbean
530:
112:Enlarged Jewish population
8540:
7414:Cambridge University Press
7369:Endelman, Todd M. (2002).
7348:Cambridge University Press
6796:Cambridge University Press
6126:. Accessed 10 August 2011.
5905:www.encyclopedia.ushmm.org
5392:Leo Baeck Institute London
5193:
5147:
5118:
5087:
4362:Finchley and Golders Green
3953:Finchley and Golders Green
3766:
3729:
3705:
3686:
3663:
3640:
3614:
3591:
3568:
3542:
3516:
3490:
3464:
3441:
3418:
3395:
3372:
3349:
3326:
3300:
3278:
3254:
3228:
3202:
3179:
2990:2021 United Kingdom census
2744:, worked successfully for
2626:
2439:Jewish political movements
2136:Conversion to Judaism
8296:
8244:
8088:
8007:Independent Jewish Voices
7633:Jewish Leadership Council
7210:Jewish Leadership Council
7045:– via Google Books.
7005:– via Google Books.
6670:http://csi.nuff.ox.ac.uk/
5422:Mitzvah Day International
5366:Jewish Leadership Council
5341:Jewish Board of Guardians
5248:British Union of Fascists
4698:
4415:
4405:
4126:synagogues in the country
3396:– White and Black African
3138:
3133:
3128:
3125:
2976:
2856:—
842:Hinduism and Judaism
239:
223:
173:
125:
43:
8012:Labour Friends of Israel
7964:Jewish Socialists' Group
7763:Federation of Synagogues
7648:Union of Jewish Students
7628:Community Security Trust
7613:Anglo-Jewish Association
6949:The Jewish Daily Forward
6798:. Accessed 3 April 2011.
6552:. Accessed 1 April 2011.
6550:Union of Jewish Students
6164:University of Manchester
5929:www.migrationwatchuk.org
5457:Union of Jewish Students
5331:Community Security Trust
5310:Anglo-Jewish Association
5283:Community Security Trust
5258:In the aftermath of the
4232:London Borough of Harrow
4179:Belsize Square Synagogue
4145:Federation of Synagogues
4066:Union of Jewish Students
3065:University of Manchester
2789:immigration restrictions
668:Temple in Jerusalem
361:Bar and bat mitzvah
7969:Jewish Voice for Labour
7406:London, Louise (2003).
6848:"General Election Poll"
6826:10.3898/NewF.74.06.2011
6028:(subscription required)
5844:Ahroni, Reuben (1994).
5820:www.jewishmuseum.org.uk
5452:UK Jewish Film Festival
5266:became unacceptable in
4041:Jewish cultural studies
3792:Geographic distribution
630:Twelve Tribes of Israel
69:: 269,283 – 0.5% (2021)
7959:Jewish Labour Movement
7681:Holocaust Memorial Day
7328:Stephen Roth Institute
7114:staff (April 4, 2020).
5387:League of Jewish Women
5382:League of British Jews
5288:Polling data from the
5252:Battle of Cable Street
4406:Jewish MPs by election
4398:Blackley and Broughton
4324:
4247:There are a number of
4019:
3842:Kensington and Chelsea
3022:Jewish Virtual Library
2998:Jews lived in Scotland
93:: 2,044 – 0.07% (2021)
7548:Anglo-Jewish Archives
7453:Sussex Academic Press
7330:. Distributed by the
7245:, 4.93 MiB. See
5498:United Kingdom portal
5472:Union of Jewish Women
5300:Communal institutions
4390:Hampstead and Kilburn
4358:2010 general election
4329:2015 general election
4319:
4177:(Liberal Judaism and
4169:Westminster Synagogue
4124:There are around 454
4009:
3880:'s and 36% of nearby
3108:In 2018, 534 Britons
3076:Historical population
3030:largest in the world.
2742:Catholic Emancipation
2719:A small community of
2677:now stands, and King
2659:William the Conqueror
1376:São Tomé and Príncipe
1371:Republic of the Congo
765:Second Temple Judaism
636:Kingdom of Judah
607:Modern historiography
235:Related ethnic groups
105:: 439 – 0.02% (2021)
81:: 5,847 – 0.1% (2022)
8106:List of British Jews
7836:The Jewish Chronicle
7706:Jewish Museum London
7427:Schreiber Publishing
7088:The Jewish Chronicle
7061:The Jewish Chronicle
7032:The Politics of Race
6873:The Jewish Chronicle
6320:The Jewish Chronicle
5556:Notes and references
5520:List of British Jews
4360:- these are namely,
4289:The Jewish Chronicle
4254:The Jewish Chronicle
4139:("consisting of the
3730:– Other Ethnic group
3097:led to an exodus of
3006:Overseas Territories
2687:Statutum de Judaismo
2683:Statute of the Jewry
2478:World Agudath Israel
1619:United Arab Emirates
706:Second Temple period
696:Babylonian captivity
182:, largely spoken by
7938:World Jewish Relief
7638:London Jewish Forum
7527:The Daily Telegraph
7455:. pp. 227–234.
7439:The Daily Telegraph
7334:. pp. 125–135.
5816:"The Jewish Museum"
5663:. 22 September 2022
5477:World Jewish Relief
5407:London Jewish Forum
5346:Jewish Book Council
4207:14% Modern Orthodox
3122:
3110:emigrated to Israel
2831:
2729:Manasseh Ben Israel
2679:Edward I of England
771:Hellenistic Judaism
349:Land of Israel
308:Principles of faith
214:amongst many others
35:
8113:List of synagogues
7857:Jewish Renaissance
7460:"Faith in numbers"
7390:Palgrave Macmillan
7296:2017-12-01 at the
7252:2018-04-03 at the
7178:on 22 August 2013.
6943:2015-04-12 at the
6611:Gringras, Robbie.
6544:2011-05-15 at the
6360:. 21 January 2005.
6277:. 29 November 2019
6158:2013-10-17 at the
6003:. 7 September 2022
5657:"MS-B21: Religion"
5244:East End of London
5218:Edict of Expulsion
5178:Some MPs, such as
4333:Conservative Party
4325:
4284:Jewish Renaissance
4204:18% Ultra Orthodox
4111:reported that the
4033:Jewish day schools
4020:
3120:
3063:. Research by the
3002:Crown Dependencies
2332:Jewish Koine Greek
1874:Dominican Republic
1155:Judaism by country
834:Jews and Christmas
689:Assyrian captivity
131:Greater Manchester
8496:
8495:
8351:
8350:
8122:
8121:
7823:
7822:
7716:Leo Baeck College
7429:. pp. 79–80.
7366:. pp. 33–55.
6901:. 30 October 2019
6576:, pp. 79–80.
6110:, pp. 20–21.
6098:, pp. 12–13.
5627:Scotland's Census
5320:Board of Deputies
5176:
5175:
4422:Liberal/Alliance
4321:Benjamin Disraeli
4287:. In April 2020,
4249:Jewish newspapers
4151:Strictly Orthodox
4014:at a bus stop in
3789:
3788:
3350:– White and Asian
2994:England and Wales
2988:According to the
2986:
2985:
2758:Church of England
2754:Benjamin Disraeli
2594:
2593:
2543:
2542:
2291:
2290:
2038:Reconstructionist
1982:
1981:
1134:
1133:
941:
940:
778:Jewish–Roman wars
726:Hasmonean dynasty
642:Kingdom of Israel
546:
545:
247:
246:
163:East Renfrewshire
115:
16:(Redirected from
8531:
8242:
8149:
8142:
8135:
8126:
8114:
8107:
8100:
8096:
8095:
7878:Jewish Year Book
7864:Jewish Telegraph
7850:Jewish Quarterly
7773:United Synagogue
7753:
7691:Jewish Book Week
7600:
7593:
7588:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7555:
7508:
7504:
7502:
7496:. Archived from
7495:
7477:Associated Press
7289:, 2.68 MiB. See
7288:
7287:
7285:
7279:
7273:, archived from
7268:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7235:
7229:, archived from
7224:
7207:
7203:
7201:
7183:
7179:
7177:
7171:. Archived from
7170:
7153:
7152:
7145:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7121:
7115:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7079:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7026:
7020:
7013:
7007:
7006:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6977:
6976:
6961:
6952:
6934:
6928:
6917:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6865:
6859:
6858:
6852:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6805:
6799:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6755:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6726:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6709:Jewish Chronicle
6700:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6689:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6644:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6598:
6583:
6577:
6571:
6565:
6559:
6553:
6536:
6530:
6515:Kessler, Sarah.
6513:
6507:
6497:
6491:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6432:
6426:
6425:
6423:
6422:
6416:
6410:. Archived from
6405:
6396:
6387:
6386:
6379:
6362:
6361:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6340:. 20 March 2019.
6330:
6324:
6323:
6311:
6305:
6301:Jewish Chronicle
6293:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6239:
6232:
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6195:
6186:
6173:
6167:
6150:
6144:
6135:Pigott, Robert.
6133:
6127:
6117:
6111:
6105:
6099:
6093:
6087:
6081:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6029:
6021:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6001:www.nisra.gov.uk
5993:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5959:
5945:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5935:
5921:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5897:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5822:. Archived from
5812:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5787:
5781:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5763:, archived from
5754:
5748:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5682:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5653:
5647:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5594:
5575:
5571:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5467:United Synagogue
5373:– a London venue
5326:CCJO René Cassin
5272:far right groups
4431:% of Parliament
4403:
4266:Jewish Telegraph
4141:United Synagogue
3978:community is in
3123:
3103:Shabbat services
2845:
2840:
2832:
2800:Second World War
2738:Daniel O'Connell
2675:Clifford's Tower
2657:in 1070 by King
2609:British citizens
2586:
2579:
2572:
2435:
2316:
2137:
2131:
2112:
2076:
2023:
1970:New Zealand
1922:
1885:El Salvador
1875:
1807:Northern America
1799:
1393:
1149:
1060:Crimean Karaites
956:
934:
932:
853:
851:
843:
837:
828:
816:Rabbinic Judaism
797:
791:
785:
773:
761:
727:
720:Maccabean Revolt
697:
690:
684:
676:
669:
663:
655:
637:
561:
535:
430:
362:
350:
249:
116:: 370,000 (2018)
113:
107:Other Estimates:
103:Northern Ireland
101:
100:
89:
88:
77:
76:
65:
64:
50:
49:
39:Total population
36:
21:
8539:
8538:
8534:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8529:
8528:
8499:
8498:
8497:
8492:
8404:
8347:
8292:
8231:
8181:
8156:
8153:
8123:
8118:
8112:
8105:
8098:
8084:
8053:
7984:
7978:
7942:
7883:
7819:
7810:Liberal Judaism
7798:
7795:Masorti Judaism
7784:
7751:
7730:
7658:
7652:
7601:
7591:
7582:
7544:
7539:
7506:
7503:on 6 June 2011.
7500:
7493:
7489:
7471:Lawless, Jill.
7425:(3rd edition).
7354:Cesarani, David
7338:Cesarani, David
7317:
7315:Further reading
7298:Wayback Machine
7283:
7281:
7280:on 26 July 2011
7277:
7266:
7259:
7254:Wayback Machine
7239:
7237:
7236:on 26 July 2011
7233:
7222:
7215:
7205:
7199:
7195:
7190:inquiry website
7181:
7175:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7156:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7133:
7131:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7112:Times of Israel
7106:
7102:
7092:
7090:
7081:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7064:
7055:
7054:
7050:
7043:
7028:
7027:
7023:
7014:
7010:
7003:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6974:
6972:
6963:
6962:
6955:
6945:Wayback Machine
6935:
6931:
6918:
6914:
6904:
6902:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6878:
6876:
6867:
6866:
6862:
6850:
6846:
6845:
6841:
6820:(74): 108–121.
6807:
6806:
6802:
6790:
6786:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6764:
6757:
6756:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6713:
6711:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6687:
6685:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6667:
6663:
6653:
6651:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6633:
6629:
6610:
6606:
6596:
6594:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6572:
6568:
6560:
6556:
6546:Wayback Machine
6537:
6533:
6514:
6510:
6498:
6494:
6489:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6471:
6466:. 24 July 2020.
6462:
6461:
6457:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6403:
6398:
6397:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6365:
6357:TheGuardian.com
6350:
6349:
6345:
6332:
6331:
6327:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6294:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6269:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6252:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6174:
6170:
6160:Wayback Machine
6151:
6147:
6134:
6130:
6118:
6114:
6106:
6102:
6094:
6090:
6082:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6045:10.1002/psp.362
6027:
6022:
6015:
6006:
6004:
5995:
5994:
5990:
5981:
5979:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5918:
5909:
5907:
5899:
5898:
5894:
5884:
5882:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5829:
5827:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5800:
5798:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5777:
5773:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5738:
5734:
5724:
5723:
5719:
5705:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5666:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5644:Alternative URL
5636:
5634:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5596:
5595:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5510:
5505:
5503:
5496:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5481:
5397:Liberal Judaism
5302:
5268:British society
5229:Oliver Cromwell
5202:Norman Conquest
5198:
5192:
4407:
4374:Chipping Barnet
4314:
4301:
4245:
4240:
4219:2% Conservative
4122:
4105:
4089:
4029:
4004:
3964:Scottish Jewish
3960:Greater Glasgow
3794:
3257:Irish Traveller
3118:
3087:
3078:
2827:
2825:Population size
2822:
2725:Oliver Cromwell
2653:was brought to
2647:
2627:Main articles:
2625:
2590:
2545:
2544:
2432:
2422:
2421:
2412:Judeo-Malayalam
2392:Judaeo-Georgian
2312:
2303:
2293:
2292:
2193:Yiddish theatre
2135:
2073:
2063:
2062:
2021:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1920:
1873:
1797:
1391:
1175:Genetic studies
1146:
1136:
1135:
953:
943:
942:
930:
929:
849:
848:
841:
831:
826:
808:and Middle Ages
806:Rabbinic period
793:
787:
780:
768:
739:
725:
695:
688:
679:
671:
667:
658:
653:in Judaism
650:
635:
558:
548:
547:
427:
417:
416:
360:
348:
293:
186:; historically
111:
109:
95:
94:
83:
82:
71:
70:
59:
58:
44:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8537:
8535:
8527:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8501:
8500:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8484:
8483:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8412:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8361:
8359:
8357:Southeast Asia
8353:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8284:
8283:
8273:
8268:
8267:
8266:
8256:
8251:
8245:
8239:
8233:
8232:
8230:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8209:
8204:
8203:
8202:
8191:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8166:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8151:
8144:
8137:
8129:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8109:
8102:
8089:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8061:
8059:
8055:
8054:
8052:
8051:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7988:
7986:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7897:
7891:
7889:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7874:
7871:Jewish Tribune
7867:
7860:
7853:
7846:
7839:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7815:Reform Judaism
7812:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7792:
7790:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7770:
7765:
7759:
7757:
7750:
7749:
7744:
7738:
7736:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7662:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7609:
7607:
7603:
7602:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7573:
7566:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7543:
7542:External links
7540:
7538:
7537:
7531:
7518:
7486:
7469:
7458:Butt, Riazat.
7456:
7443:
7430:
7417:
7404:
7393:
7380:
7367:
7351:
7335:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7301:
7257:
7213:
7193:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7140:
7116:
7100:
7074:
7063:. 16 June 2017
7048:
7041:
7021:
7008:
7001:
6981:
6953:
6951:, 8 April 2015
6929:
6927:, 7 April 2015
6912:
6886:
6860:
6839:
6814:New Formations
6800:
6784:
6770:
6747:
6721:
6695:
6673:
6661:
6639:
6627:
6604:
6578:
6566:
6554:
6531:
6508:
6492:
6483:
6469:
6455:
6441:
6427:
6388:
6363:
6343:
6325:
6306:
6288:
6262:
6250:
6216:
6204:Jerusalem Post
6187:
6175:Butt, Riazat.
6168:
6145:
6128:
6112:
6100:
6088:
6073:
6061:
6049:
6013:
5988:
5977:www.ons.gov.uk
5964:
5940:
5916:
5892:
5874:On Anglo Jewry
5863:
5857:978-9004101104
5856:
5836:
5807:
5782:
5771:
5760:Jewish Ireland
5749:
5732:
5725:Design, SUMO.
5717:
5703:
5674:
5648:
5614:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5512:Judaism portal
5501:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5301:
5298:
5194:Main article:
5191:
5188:
5180:Robert Jenrick
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5102:
5097:
5094:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5011:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4944:
4941:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4767:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4744:
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4709:
4706:
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4690:
4685:
4683:
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4660:
4658:
4656:
4650:
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4606:
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4410:
4409:
4313:
4310:
4300:
4297:
4278:Jewish Tribune
4244:
4241:
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4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4205:
4202:
4195:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4172:
4158:
4148:
4121:
4118:
4116:Jewish faith.
4104:
4101:
4097:social housing
4088:
4085:
4028:
4025:
4018:, north London
4010:Two boys with
4003:
4000:
3941:Merthyr Tydfil
3937:City of London
3793:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3777:
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3527:
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3507:
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3501:
3498:
3495:
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3478:
3475:
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3469:
3462:
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3455:
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3412:
3409:
3406:
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3400:
3397:
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3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
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3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3226:
3225:
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3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3200:
3199:
3196:
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3190:
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3184:
3181:
3177:
3176:
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3170:
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3166:
3163:
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3159:
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3086:
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2898:
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2841:
2836:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2777:Russian Empire
2762:prime minister
2624:
2621:
2617:United Kingdom
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2473:Territorialism
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Judaeo-Spanish
2354:
2352:Judaeo-Iranian
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2295:
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2289:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2132:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:United Kingdom
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
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1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
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1561:
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1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Bilad-el-Sudan
1228:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1184:Land of Israel
1180:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1042:Related groups
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
975:
974:
969:
954:
949:
948:
945:
944:
939:
938:
937:
936:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Jewish atheism
896:
891:
886:
878:
877:
873:
872:
871:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:Islamic–Jewish
845:
838:
823:
818:
810:
809:
802:
801:
800:
799:
775:
762:
734:
729:
722:
717:
715:Yehud Medinata
709:
708:
702:
701:
700:
699:
692:
685:
677:
664:
656:
644:
639:
632:
624:
623:
621:Ancient Israel
617:
616:
615:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
577:Land of Israel
574:
566:
565:
559:
554:
553:
550:
549:
544:
543:
542:
541:
536:
532:Shulchan Aruch
527:
522:
517:
512:
504:
503:
502:
501:
496:
488:
487:
481:
480:
479:
478:
473:
465:
464:
458:
457:
456:
455:
450:
445:
437:
436:
428:
423:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
357:
352:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
310:
305:
298:God in Judaism
294:
289:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
277:
269:
268:
258:
257:
245:
244:
237:
236:
232:
231:
221:
220:
216:
215:
171:
170:
166:
165:
123:
122:
118:
117:
54:2021/22 Census
41:
40:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8536:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8506:
8504:
8489:
8486:
8482:
8479:
8478:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8407:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8295:
8289:
8286:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8265:
8262:
8261:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8234:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8217:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8150:
8145:
8143:
8138:
8136:
8131:
8130:
8127:
8115:
8110:
8108:
8103:
8101:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8056:
8049:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7989:
7987:
7981:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7896:
7893:
7892:
7890:
7886:
7880:
7879:
7875:
7873:
7872:
7868:
7866:
7865:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7854:
7852:
7851:
7847:
7845:
7844:
7840:
7838:
7837:
7833:
7832:
7830:
7826:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7801:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7787:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7754:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7733:
7727:
7724:
7722:
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7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
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7655:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
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7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
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7610:
7608:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7587:
7579:
7574:
7572:
7567:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7556:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7541:
7535:
7532:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7520:Brown, Mick.
7519:
7516:
7512:
7499:
7492:
7487:
7484:
7483:
7478:
7474:
7470:
7467:
7466:
7461:
7457:
7454:
7450:
7449:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7431:
7428:
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7415:
7411:
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7405:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7378:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7295:
7292:
7276:
7272:
7265:
7264:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7232:
7228:
7221:
7220:
7214:
7211:
7206:(995 KB)
7198:
7194:
7191:
7187:
7182:(430 KB)
7174:
7167:
7163:
7162:
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7117:
7113:
7109:
7104:
7101:
7089:
7085:
7078:
7075:
7062:
7058:
7052:
7049:
7044:
7042:9781317382973
7038:
7035:. Routledge.
7034:
7033:
7025:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7004:
7002:9780195103311
6998:
6994:
6993:
6985:
6982:
6970:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6946:
6942:
6939:
6933:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6916:
6913:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6887:
6875:. 30 May 2017
6874:
6870:
6864:
6861:
6857:. 2015-04-07.
6856:
6855:survation.com
6849:
6843:
6840:
6835:
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6823:
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6811:
6804:
6801:
6797:
6793:
6788:
6785:
6780:
6774:
6771:
6763:
6762:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6736:
6732:
6725:
6722:
6710:
6706:
6699:
6696:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6671:
6665:
6662:
6650:
6643:
6640:
6637:, p. 87.
6636:
6631:
6628:
6625:1 April 2011.
6624:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6570:
6567:
6564:, p. 79.
6563:
6558:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6540:
6535:
6532:
6529:2 April 2011.
6528:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6512:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6493:
6487:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6456:
6451:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6428:
6417:on 2020-11-12
6413:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6344:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6326:
6321:
6317:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6289:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6240:on 2019-01-06
6236:
6229:
6228:
6220:
6217:
6205:
6201:
6194:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6183:
6178:
6172:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6120:"Census 2011"
6116:
6113:
6109:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6080:
6078:
6074:
6071:, p. 18.
6070:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6026:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6002:
5998:
5992:
5989:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5965:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5941:
5930:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5881:on 3 May 2011
5880:
5876:
5875:
5867:
5864:
5859:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5840:
5837:
5826:on 2018-07-18
5825:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5797:
5793:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5775:
5772:
5767:on 2010-02-22
5766:
5762:
5761:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:0-300-07157-4
5742:
5736:
5733:
5728:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5704:9783030039066
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5662:
5658:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5633:. 21 May 2024
5632:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5615:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5570:
5567:
5560:
5555:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5502:
5499:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5214:King Edward I
5211:
5207:
5203:
5197:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5161:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4890:
4887:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4419:Conservative
4418:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:intermarriage
4110:
4107:In 2016, the
4102:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4075:
4074:Stamford Hill
4069:
4067:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4026:
4024:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3968:Newton Mearns
3965:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:Epping Forest
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3872:(5,590), and
3871:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3850:Hertfordshire
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3664:– Other Black
3662:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3569:– Other Asian
3567:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3419:– Other Mixed
3417:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:Ethnic group
3124:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3082:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2814:Baghdadi Jews
2811:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:Third Crusade
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2601:British Jewry
2598:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Judeo-Aramaic
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Judeo-Italian
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2367:Ghardaïa Sign
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2296:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:Denominations
1988:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:United States
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Guinea-Bissau
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:Lists of Jews
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
963:
960:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
946:
935:
927:
925:
922:
920:
919:The Holocaust
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
879:
874:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
846:
844:
839:
835:
829:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
811:
807:
803:
796:
790:
784:
779:
776:
772:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
710:
707:
703:
698:
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686:
682:
678:
675:
670:
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661:
657:
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648:
645:
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631:
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613:
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608:
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583:
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569:
568:
567:
562:
557:
552:
551:
540:
537:
534:
533:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:Mishneh Torah
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
505:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
486:
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477:
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358:
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344:
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336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
309:
306:
303:
299:
296:
295:
292:
287:
286:
281:
280:Who is a Jew?
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
243:
238:
233:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:Hassidic Jews
181:
177:
172:
167:
164:
160:
159:Epping Forest
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
108:
104:
99:
92:
87:
80:
75:
68:
63:
57:
55:
48:
42:
37:
19:
8514:British Jews
8431:Azerbaijanis
8385:Singaporeans
8249:Bangladeshis
8207:Hong Kongers
8162:Central Asia
7876:
7869:
7862:
7855:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7828:Publications
7789:Conservative
7595:
7590:
7589:
7525:
7498:the original
7480:
7465:The Guardian
7463:
7447:
7437:
7421:
7408:
7384:
7371:
7358:
7342:
7322:
7282:, retrieved
7275:the original
7262:
7238:, retrieved
7231:the original
7218:
7173:the original
7143:
7132:. Retrieved
7128:
7119:
7111:
7103:
7093:15 September
7091:. Retrieved
7087:
7077:
7065:. Retrieved
7060:
7051:
7031:
7024:
7015:
7011:
6991:
6984:
6973:. Retrieved
6971:. 2023-12-18
6968:
6948:
6932:
6924:
6915:
6903:. Retrieved
6898:
6889:
6877:. Retrieved
6872:
6863:
6854:
6842:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6787:
6773:
6760:
6738:. Retrieved
6734:
6724:
6712:. Retrieved
6708:
6698:
6686:. Retrieved
6676:
6664:
6652:. Retrieved
6642:
6630:
6616:
6607:
6595:. Retrieved
6591:
6581:
6569:
6557:
6534:
6520:
6511:
6495:
6486:
6472:
6458:
6444:
6430:
6419:. Retrieved
6412:the original
6407:
6355:
6346:
6337:
6328:
6319:
6309:
6299:
6291:
6279:. Retrieved
6274:
6265:
6260:, p. 5.
6253:
6242:. Retrieved
6235:the original
6226:
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6203:
6182:The Guardian
6180:
6171:
6148:
6131:
6115:
6103:
6091:
6086:, p. 3.
6064:
6052:
6036:
6031:
6005:. Retrieved
6000:
5991:
5980:. Retrieved
5976:
5967:
5956:. Retrieved
5952:
5943:
5932:. Retrieved
5928:
5919:
5908:. Retrieved
5904:
5895:
5883:, retrieved
5879:the original
5873:
5866:
5846:
5839:
5828:. Retrieved
5824:the original
5819:
5810:
5799:. Retrieved
5796:The Guardian
5795:
5785:
5774:
5765:the original
5759:
5752:
5735:
5720:
5686:
5665:. Retrieved
5651:
5635:. Retrieved
5626:
5617:
5605:. Retrieved
5569:
5303:
5287:
5280:
5257:
5237:
5222:
5199:
5190:Antisemitism
5184:Keir Starmer
5177:
5170:
5165:
5141:
5136:
5112:
5107:
5081:
5076:
5050:
5045:
5021:
5016:
4990:
4985:
4959:
4954:
4928:
4923:
4899:
4894:
4870:
4865:
4841:
4836:
4812:
4807:
4783:
4778:
4754:
4749:
4725:
4720:
4692:
4687:
4627:
4622:
4602:
4597:
4573:
4508:
4503:
4483:
4478:
4457:
4452:
4378:Ilford North
4355:
4348:
4341:
4337:Labour Party
4326:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4282:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4225:
4222:2% Sephardi
4196:
4123:
4106:
4094:
4090:
4078:
4070:
4063:
4052:
4045:
4030:
4021:
3988:Home Nations
3957:
3934:
3902:
3846:
3840:(2,710) and
3795:
3107:
3088:
3079:
3058:
3045:who is a Jew
3038:
2987:
2820:Demographics
2804:
2766:
2750:yellow badge
2718:
2686:
2663:blood libels
2648:
2604:
2600:
2597:British Jews
2596:
2595:
2536:Post-Zionism
2407:Judeo-Berber
2402:Judeo-Arabic
2362:Judeo-Gascon
2109:Pidyon haben
2028:Conservative
1574:Saudi Arabia
1392:South Africa
1381:Sierra Leone
1203:Israeli Jews
1117:Mosaic Arabs
1070:Kaifeng Jews
931:Arab–Israeli
904:Emancipation
783:Great Revolt
592:Anti-Judaism
587:Antisemitism
582:Name "Judea"
377:Baal teshuva
106:
51:
34:British Jews
30:Ethnic group
8375:Indonesians
8288:Sri Lankans
7928:René Cassin
7918:Maccabaeans
7895:Jewish Care
7843:Jewish News
7803:Progressive
7778:Chief Rabbi
7659:and studies
7067:7 September
6905:26 November
6899:Jewish News
6879:7 September
6522:The Forward
6338:Jewish News
6275:Jewish News
6209:7 September
5953:www.jwa.org
5757:"History",
5607:29 November
5417:Maccabaeans
5351:Jewish Care
5233:crypto-Jews
5206:blood libel
4370:Harrow East
4327:Before the
4293:Jewish News
4260:Jewish News
4201:34% Secular
4079:The annual
4002:Age profile
3914:Bournemouth
3866:Borehamwood
3826:Westminster
3545:Bangladeshi
3303:Other White
3099:French Jews
3054:2011 Census
3041:2001 Census
3034:2011 census
3026:not limited
2807:Yemeni Jews
2681:passed the
2605:Anglo-Jewry
2531:Revisionist
2521:Neo-Zionism
2128:Zeved habat
1921:Puerto Rico
1747:Netherlands
1579:South Korea
1564:Philippines
1444:Afghanistan
1311:Ivory Coast
1085:Crypto-Jews
1050:Bnei Anusim
1029:Bene Israel
994:Beta Israel
951:Communities
858:Middle Ages
597:Persecution
372:Bereavement
18:British Jew
8503:Categories
8400:Vietnamese
8380:Malaysians
8326:Romanichal
8276:Pakistanis
8237:South Asia
8227:Mongolians
7134:2019-07-31
7129:cst.org.uk
6975:2023-12-18
6539:"About Us"
6421:2020-11-08
6408:jpr.org.uk
6281:3 December
6244:2019-01-06
6007:2023-10-31
5982:2022-11-29
5958:2023-01-09
5934:2023-01-09
5910:2023-01-09
5830:2018-07-18
5801:2018-07-18
5582:References
4408:1945–1992
4394:Bury South
4216:6% Liberal
4210:14% Reform
3992:St Brelade
3918:Birmingham
3812:(10,080),
3808:(17,430),
3804:(56,620),
2810:Iraqi Jews
2752:for Jews.
2714:Henry VIII
2665:and fatal
2516:Maximalism
2468:Secularism
2448:Autonomism
2265:Literature
2058:Humanistic
1662:Azerbaijan
1624:Uzbekistan
1599:Tajikistan
1519:Kyrgyzstan
1504:Kazakhstan
1351:Mozambique
1326:Madagascar
1246:Cape Verde
1198:New Yishuv
1193:Old Yishuv
1144:Population
1122:Subbotniks
1080:Samaritans
1019:Romanyotim
962:Ashkenazim
909:Old Yishuv
889:Sabbateans
876:Modern era
868:Golden Age
795:Bar Kokhba
515:Beit Yosef
382:Philosophy
229:irreligion
192:Portuguese
174:Primarily
8481:in London
8426:Assyrians
8421:Armenians
8409:West Asia
8370:Filipinos
8281:in London
8264:in London
8254:Bhutanese
8216:in London
8187:East Asia
7985:relations
7947:Political
7888:Charities
7735:Religious
7657:Education
7507:(1.64 MB)
7482:USA Today
7149:"Members"
6834:0950-2378
5850:. BRILL.
5713:146549764
5667:7 January
5260:Holocaust
5220:in 1290.
5210:massacres
4413:Election
4382:Hertsmere
4130:synagogue
4087:Economics
4027:Education
3972:Edinburgh
3945:Hertsmere
3930:Cambridge
3910:Liverpool
3886:St Albans
3868:(6,160),
3854:Hertsmere
3838:Islington
3836:(3,710),
3832:(3,720),
3828:(5,630),
3824:(6,410),
3822:Redbridge
3820:(7,300),
3816:(9,400),
3641:– African
3617:Caribbean
3519:Pakistani
3116:Ethnicity
3085:Migration
3010:Gibraltar
2796:Holocaust
2773:Ashkenazi
2721:conversos
2526:Religious
2382:Zarphatic
2372:Bukharian
2342:Judeo-Tat
2327:Yeshivish
2301:Languages
2256:Sephardic
2246:Israelite
2236:Ethiopian
2226:Ashkenazi
2165:Religious
1955:Australia
1937:Venezuela
1843:Argentina
1825:Greenland
1737:Lithuania
1589:Sri Lanka
1584:Singapore
1509:Kurdistan
1474:Indonesia
1464:Hong Kong
1417:Abayudaya
1341:Mauritius
1075:Igbo Jews
1065:Krymchaks
984:Sephardim
852:relations
746:Sadducees
742:Pharisees
732:Sanhedrin
647:Jerusalem
407:Synagogue
275:Etymology
196:Sephardim
169:Languages
155:Hertsmere
147:St Albans
139:Gateshead
8471:Lebanese
8461:Israelis
8446:Iranians
8441:Emiratis
8436:Cypriots
8395:Timorese
8331:Scottish
8311:Punjabis
8306:Pashtuns
8301:Mirpuris
8271:Nepalese
8212:Japanese
8099:Category
7992:Betar UK
7908:Kisharon
7756:Orthodox
7340:(1994).
7294:Archived
7250:Archived
6941:Archived
6688:28 March
6623:Archived
6592:BBC News
6542:Archived
6527:Archived
6504:BBC News
6156:Archived
6141:BBC News
5484:See also
5377:Kisharon
5276:43 Group
4967:1974 Oct
4936:1974 Feb
4351:Zionists
4312:Politics
4306:Diaspora
4291:and the
4191:Sephardi
4181:) – 8.2%
4137:Orthodox
4120:Religion
4103:Marriage
4037:yeshivas
3906:Southend
3898:Southend
3814:Haringey
2785:May Laws
2783:and the
2710:Scotland
2611:who are
2553:Category
2511:Kahanism
2458:Feminism
2430:Politics
2314:Biblical
2284:American
2231:Bukharan
2221:American
2121:Shidduch
2097:Clothing
2053:Haymanot
1999:Orthodox
1927:Suriname
1910:Paraguay
1863:Colombia
1762:Portugal
1672:Bulgaria
1609:Thailand
1559:Pakistan
1539:Mongolia
1534:Malaysia
1454:Cambodia
1428:Zimbabwe
1403:Tanzania
1281:Eswatini
1271:Ethiopia
1261:Djibouti
1241:Cameroon
1236:Botswana
1165:Diaspora
1127:Noahides
1100:Marranos
1024:Cochinim
1009:Bukharim
999:Gruzinim
989:Teimanim
979:Mizrahim
967:Galician
933:conflict
894:Hasidism
884:Haskalah
789:Diaspora
660:timeline
572:Timeline
485:Rabbinic
392:Kabbalah
367:Marriage
343:Tzedakah
333:Holidays
291:Religion
254:a series
252:Part of
219:Religion
151:Southend
143:Brighton
79:Scotland
8488:Yemenis
8451:Syrians
8365:Burmese
8338:Sindhis
8259:Indians
8222:Koreans
8195:Chinese
8175:Pashtun
8058:Related
8032:WIZO UK
8022:Na'amod
7983:Israeli
7923:Norwood
7606:General
7515:webpage
7291:webpage
7284:3 April
7247:webpage
7240:22 July
7159:Sources
6618:Haaretz
6597:3 April
5885:1 April
5432:Norwood
4416:Labour
4272:Hamodia
4238:Culture
4230:in the
4185:Masorti
4175:Liberal
3984:Belfast
3980:Cardiff
3922:Bristol
3882:Elstree
3878:Shenley
3874:Radlett
3834:Enfield
3806:Hackney
3782:269,293
3776:261,282
3770:257,671
3493:Chinese
3221:180,325
3215:200,934
3209:216,403
3205:British
3195:230,399
3189:241,356
3183:249,483
3158:Number
3152:Number
3146:Number
3018:Bermuda
2969:277,613
2956:269,568
2943:266,740
2930:330,000
2919:450,000
2908:370,000
2897:300,000
2889:+316.7%
2886:250,000
2878:+242.9%
2867:+191.7%
2781:pogroms
2779:due to
2667:pogroms
2655:England
2651:Britain
2623:History
2496:General
2487:Zionism
2463:Leftism
2453:Bundism
2377:Knaanic
2337:Yevanic
2322:Yiddish
2279:Yiddish
2274:Israeli
2251:Mizrahi
2241:Israeli
2212:Cuisine
2188:Ancient
2170:Secular
2116:Kashrut
2092:Wedding
2079:Customs
2071:Culture
2048:Science
2043:Renewal
2033:Karaite
2014:Hasidic
1946:Oceania
1932:Uruguay
1900:Jamaica
1880:Ecuador
1848:Bolivia
1792:Ukraine
1767:Romania
1742:Moldova
1722:Hungary
1712:Germany
1707:Georgia
1697:Finland
1692:Estonia
1687:Denmark
1682:Czechia
1667:Belarus
1657:Austria
1652:Armenia
1629:Vietnam
1544:Myanmar
1529:Lebanon
1449:Bahrain
1408:Tunisia
1386:Somalia
1361:Nigeria
1356:Namibia
1346:Morocco
1276:Eritrea
1221:Algeria
1105:Neofiti
1014:Italkim
1004:Juhurim
914:Zionism
863:Khazars
758:Sicarii
754:Zealots
750:Essenes
737:Schisms
602:Leaders
564:General
556:History
499:Tosefta
494:Midrash
471:Mishnah
453:Ketuvim
448:Nevi'im
397:Customs
328:Shabbat
323:Halakha
315: (
313:Mitzvot
300: (
266:Judaism
225:Judaism
208:Russian
188:Spanish
180:Yiddish
178:; also
176:English
153:; also
67:England
8456:Iraqis
8343:Tamils
8316:Romani
8200:London
8170:Afghan
8037:Yachad
7954:Jewdas
7933:Tzedek
7913:Limmud
7721:Limmud
7505:
7204:
7180:
7110:, AFP/
7039:
6999:
6925:The JC
6832:
6740:22 May
6714:22 May
6654:9 July
5854:
5743:
5711:
5701:
5637:21 May
5442:Tzelem
5402:Limmud
5322:(1760)
5240:Russia
4428:Total
4425:Other
4380:, and
4366:Hendon
4344:Israel
4275:, the
4193:– 2.9%
4161:Reform
4143:, the
4081:Limmud
4016:Hendon
4012:kippot
3996:Jersey
3949:Barnet
3926:Oxford
3870:Bushey
3862:Harrow
3858:Barnet
3818:Harrow
3810:Camden
3802:Barnet
3798:London
3785:100.0
3748:10.88
3745:29,297
3739:10,812
3697:29,719
3692:11,376
3467:Indian
3322:18.12
3319:48,808
3313:39,065
3307:31,946
3224:66.96
3198:85.56
3014:Jersey
2946:−19.2%
2933:−26.7%
2922:+21.6%
2911:+23.3%
2900:+20.0%
2875:60,000
2864:17,500
2702:by law
2643:, and
2613:Jewish
2607:) are
2558:Portal
2417:Domari
2347:Shassi
2308:Hebrew
2203:Humour
2147:Hiloni
2142:Aliyah
2102:Niddah
2087:Minyan
2022:Reform
2009:Haredi
2004:Modern
1905:Mexico
1890:Guyana
1853:Brazil
1815:Canada
1787:Sweden
1777:Serbia
1772:Russia
1757:Poland
1752:Norway
1732:Latvia
1717:Greece
1702:France
1677:Cyprus
1643:Europe
1614:Turkey
1604:Taiwan
1514:Kuwait
1499:Jordan
1489:Israel
1423:Zambia
1413:Uganda
1331:Malawi
1301:Guinea
1291:Gambia
1226:Angola
1212:Africa
1095:Dönmeh
1090:Anusim
1034:Berber
972:Litvak
924:Israel
830:
767:
681:Second
649:
510:Targum
476:Gemara
462:Talmud
434:Tanakh
387:Ethics
338:Prayer
240:Other
212:French
204:Arabic
200:Hebrew
194:among
127:London
8476:Turks
8466:Kurds
8416:Arabs
8390:Thais
7501:(PDF)
7494:(PDF)
7278:(PDF)
7267:(PDF)
7234:(PDF)
7223:(PDF)
7200:(PDF)
7176:(PDF)
7169:(PDF)
6851:(PDF)
6765:(PDF)
6415:(PDF)
6404:(PDF)
6238:(PDF)
6231:(PDF)
5709:S2CID
5574:in?".
5561:Notes
4243:Media
4059:JCoSS
3976:Welsh
3890:Essex
3830:Brent
3779:100.0
3773:100.0
3767:TOTAL
3733:2,289
3725:0.16
3687:Other
3682:0.09
3659:0.26
3636:0.24
3610:0.60
3607:1,611
3601:1,591
3592:Black
3587:0.17
3564:0.03
3538:0.10
3512:0.06
3486:0.21
3460:0.57
3457:1,526
3451:2,750
3445:1,968
3442:Asian
3437:1.34
3434:3,617
3428:1,778
3422:1,650
3414:0.16
3391:0.29
3368:0.44
3365:1,190
3359:1,229
3345:2.24
3342:6,029
3336:4,209
3330:3,038
3327:Mixed
3316:14.95
3310:12.40
3296:0.07
3274:0.06
3250:0.34
3241:1,116
3235:1,134
3231:Irish
3218:76.90
3212:84.00
3192:92.37
3186:96.82
3180:White
2972:+3.0%
2959:+1.1%
2853:6,000
2691:usury
2506:Labor
2501:Green
2198:Dance
2156:Music
1975:Palau
1895:Haiti
1858:Chile
1782:Spain
1727:Italy
1634:Yemen
1594:Syria
1569:Qatar
1549:Nepal
1494:Japan
1469:India
1459:China
1398:Sudan
1321:Libya
1316:Kenya
1296:Ghana
1286:Gabon
1266:Egypt
1251:Benin
1110:Xueta
1055:Lemba
674:First
539:Zohar
443:Torah
425:Texts
412:Rabbi
402:Rites
302:names
135:Leeds
91:Wales
8321:Kale
7479:via
7286:2011
7242:2011
7095:2019
7069:2018
7037:ISBN
6997:ISBN
6907:2019
6881:2018
6830:ISSN
6742:2020
6735:IJPR
6716:2020
6690:2023
6656:2019
6599:2018
6283:2019
6211:2018
5887:2011
5852:ISBN
5741:ISBN
5699:ISBN
5669:2023
5639:2024
5609:2022
5264:Jews
5182:and
5149:2019
5120:2017
5089:1992
5058:1987
5029:1983
4998:1979
4907:1970
4878:1966
4849:1964
4820:1959
4791:1955
4762:1951
4733:1950
4704:1945
4673:1900
4654:1895
4635:1892
4610:1886
4583:1885
4557:1880
4535:1874
4516:1868
4491:1865
4465:1859
4437:1857
4396:and
4388:and
4299:Food
4281:and
4226:The
4167:and
4064:The
4035:and
3947:and
3928:and
3916:and
3860:and
3742:4.14
3736:0.89
3719:0.22
3708:Arab
3676:0.18
3670:0.05
3653:0.19
3647:0.09
3630:0.23
3624:0.21
3604:0.61
3598:0.35
3581:0.37
3575:0.28
3558:0.08
3552:0.05
3532:0.17
3526:0.14
3506:0.12
3500:0.04
3480:0.31
3474:0.26
3454:1.05
3448:0.76
3431:0.86
3425:0.64
3408:0.16
3402:0.07
3385:0.30
3379:0.15
3362:0.47
3356:0.32
3339:1.61
3333:1.18
3281:Roma
3268:0.09
3244:0.43
3238:0.44
3140:2021
3135:2011
3130:2001
3039:The
3016:and
3004:and
2965:2021
2952:2011
2939:2001
2927:1980
2916:1945
2905:1938
2894:1933
2883:1900
2872:1881
2861:1800
2850:1734
2839:Pop.
2835:Year
2812:and
2793:Nazi
1965:Guam
1960:Fiji
1915:Peru
1868:Cuba
1554:Oman
1524:Laos
1484:Iraq
1479:Iran
1436:Asia
1365:Igbo
1336:Mali
355:Brit
264:and
262:Jews
242:Jews
210:and
190:and
161:and
7711:JW3
6947:".
6923:".
6822:doi
6041:doi
5691:doi
5371:JW3
5227:by
5216:'s
5171:2.5
5156:11
5142:2.9
5127:11
5113:3.1
5096:11
5082:3.7
5065:16
5051:4.6
5036:17
5033:11
5022:5.0
5005:11
5002:21
4991:7.2
4974:10
4971:35
4960:7.2
4943:12
4940:33
4929:6.3
4911:31
4900:6.3
4882:38
4871:5.7
4853:34
4842:3.5
4824:20
4813:2.9
4795:17
4784:2.7
4766:17
4755:3.7
4737:23
4726:4.4
4708:26
4693:1.3
4628:1.3
4603:1.3
4509:0.9
4484:0.5
4458:0.2
4049:JFS
3722:422
3716:564
3679:253
3673:481
3667:122
3656:709
3650:499
3644:236
3633:649
3627:611
3621:535
3595:893
3584:466
3578:955
3572:724
3555:222
3549:124
3535:261
3529:433
3523:353
3509:159
3503:324
3497:104
3483:557
3477:816
3471:663
3411:442
3405:424
3399:181
3388:780
3382:778
3376:379
3353:828
3293:178
3271:161
3265:241
3247:927
2603:or
2179:Art
525:Tur
317:613
227:or
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5137:19
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5124:8
5108:20
5104:0
5093:8
5077:24
5073:0
5062:7
5046:30
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5017:32
5013:0
4986:45
4982:0
4955:45
4951:0
4924:40
4920:0
4917:0
4914:9
4895:40
4891:0
4888:0
4885:2
4866:36
4862:0
4859:0
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4837:22
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4830:0
4827:2
4808:18
4804:0
4801:0
4798:1
4779:17
4775:0
4772:0
4769:0
4750:23
4746:0
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4740:0
4721:28
4717:2
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4682:2
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