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Prime Minister's Office (United Kingdom)

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1583: 47: 570:, who in 1964 established a Political Office in Number 10, staffed by a number of 'special advisers', who were political appointees. To begin with the Principal Private Secretary tried to maintain a strict separation between the work of the private office and that of the political office, but there soon came to be a 'considerable overlap of responsibilities', reflecting more accurately the relationship between politics and administration at the top of government. 1577: 38: 483:
outside the civil service (sometimes a Member of Parliament was appointed, in which case he was unpaid); the latter usually had seniority. Both were seen as personal and to some extent political appointees: it was usual for them to be replaced when there was a change of prime minister, and this was invariably the case when there was a change of government.
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has written that the Cabinet Office (of which the Prime Minister's Office is a component) "is a long way from becoming a fully fledged premier's department", primarily based on the fact that the prime minister "largely lacks the direct policy responsibilities, either in statute or by convention under
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discussed the consequences of the reform in an article entitled "New look behind the revolving doors of power" in which he observed "Mr Blair has not formally set up a Prime Minister's Department, in order to avoid charges of presidentialism, but he has created one in all but name in 10 Downing
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A fourth Private Secretary was provided for the Prime Minister in the 1920s, a fifth in the 1940s and a sixth in the 1960s. The official designation of one of their number as the 'Principal Private Secretary' dates from 1929. By this time the office had begun to be more civil service dominated:
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between 1922 and 1928, despite several changes of prime minister and a change of government from Conservative to Labour, three of the four Private Secretaries had remained in post; since when the post of Principal Private Secretary has almost invariably been occupied by a career civil servant.
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The Private Secretaries supported the Prime Minister both administratively and politically. During the 19th century it became the norm for one of them to be appointed from within the civil service (usually one of the Treasury clerks was seconded to the role), and the other to be appointed from
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concluded that the size of the Downing Street operation had increased without the structures to support them, and "too much responsibility and expectation is placed on the senior official whose principal function is ... support of the Prime Minister". She said this needed to be addressed as a
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A full-time Press Officer was first appointed to the Prime Minister's Office in 1931, who took on responsibility for public relations (formerly part of the private secretaries' remit). Over time, the press office grew in significance as media attention on the Prime Minister intensified.
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concurrently with that of prime minister; afterwards a third Private Secretary remained on the Prime Minister's establishment. At least one of the three was a civil servant, but the senior (or principal) Private Secretary was normally a political appointee.
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The Policy Unit was also established by Harold Wilson, ten years later (in 1974). Its head is a political appointee. Its remit was to advise the Prime Minister on policy with a view to improving co-ordination across different government departments.
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In 1806, the role of Private Secretary to the Prime minister was placed on an official footing, when his salary began to be paid from public funds. In 1813 funding was made available for a second Private Secretary to be added to the establishment.
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which he established, as well as distinguishing them from the new Cabinet Secretariat (which would later evolve into the Cabinet Office). The establishment of the Private Office also coincided with a marked increase in the number of
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agreed to the Office of the Prime Minister becoming a Government department. Several changes in staffing took place early in February 2022 and the role of Downing Street Permanent Secretary was set to be revived, with
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The role of prime minister came into being gradually over time (and the Prime Minister's Office likewise). The beginnings of an office can be seen in the 18th century, when the first Private Secretary was appointed.
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The Chief of Staff is a political appointee, usually the most senior of the Downing Street special advisers. The first prime minister to appoint a chief of staff was Margaret Thatcher in 1979;
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By the 1930s, the Private Office had largely become the preserve of civil servants, leaving no obvious place in the structure for the Prime Minister's political advisers. This was addressed by
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All these changes were intended to strengthen the PM's office. Some commentators have suggested that they created something similar to a Prime Minister's Department; whereas the
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from May to September 2020. It has been said that the creation of the role served (on both occasions) 'as a way to convince someone back into government after they have left'.
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Since 2005, Number 10's Direct Communication Unit has not used its staff's real names on signed correspondence to MPs and members of the public; this is for security reasons.
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Took over the functions of the private office and policy unit. Prepares advice for the PM and coordinates implementation of policy across departments.
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The reorganisation brought about the fusion of the old Prime Minister's Office and other Cabinet Office teams, with a number of units (including the
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was one of her closes aides, and when he resigned in 1985 he was not replaced. The role was re-introduced to Downing Street with the appointment of
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as chief strategic adviser to the prime minister. After Cummings's departure, Lister served as acting chief of staff before being replaced by
1566: 1239: 934: 1602: 133: 1710: 1385: 1715: 1626: 1216: 183: 475:, the Private Secretary was a personal appointment, paid for by Newcastle himself. Similar appointments were made by his successors. 349: 745: 217: 1421: 585:(responsible for links between the Prime Minister and party headquarters, and with constituency organisations around the country); 652: 633: 801:
holding the position on an interim basis; but the plans were not carried forward after Johnson's resignation as prime minister.
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Jones, G. W. (1976). "The Prime Ministers' Secretaries: Politicians or Administrators?". In Griffith, J. A. G. (ed.).
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the Royal Prerogative, possessed by secretaries of state, who have substantial budgets voted to them by Parliament".
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employed at Number 10; by the 1950s there were over fifty clerks, typists, messengers and cleaners on the books.
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As of July 2023, the following positions in the Prime Minister's Office were occupied by senior civil servants:
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Since the Prime Minister's Office is formally part of the Cabinet Office, it reports directly to the
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The No. 10 Political Office (political relations, parliamentary affairs and constituency liaison);
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As of 2024 the following senior roles at Number 10 were occupied by political appointees.
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Occasionally, and briefly, a senior civil servant has been appointed as Downing Street
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took over as prime minister, the Political Office was a loose grouping which included:
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had become entitled to a third Private Secretary in 1873, when he held the office of
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in his executive, parliamentary and party-political roles. The office is located in
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for the office itself. Technically the Prime Minister's Office is part of the
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At the start of the 21st century the Prime Minister's Office consisted of:
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provides a select number of people with access between these two offices.
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Lee, J. M.; Jones, G. W.; Burnham, June (1998). "The Political Office".
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Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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Research and information unit: provides factual information to No. 10
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From Policy to Administration: Essays in honour of William A. Robson
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At the Centre of Whitehall: Advising the Prime Minister and Cabinet
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At times the post has been left vacant, including for a time under
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is the Prime Minister's Office, as well as his official residence.
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During his second term of office as Prime Minister (1757–62) the
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Political Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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in 2001, the office was reorganised into three directorates:
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The designation of the Private Secretaries and others as the
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Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee.
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of the Prime Minister would seem to date from the time of
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The Prime Minister's Office is staffed by a mix of career
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Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
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Current positions within the Office of the Prime Minister
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serving as the chief adviser to the prime minister, and
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Private Secretaries and the Principal Private Secretary
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Private Secretary to the Prime Minister (International)
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Press office: responsible for relations with the media
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Eddie Lister, Boris Johnson's chief strategic adviser
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Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
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Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
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Payne, Sebastian; Parker, George (17 January 2020).
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History of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
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Unlike the 260: 45: 36: 838: 836: 781:parties being held on Government premises 556:Downing Street Director of Communications 403:Political Secretary to the Prime Minister 1615:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury 1471: 810: 598:a diary secretary / personal assistant. 550:'s influence, as press secretary under 1288:from the original on 13 September 2019 738:Handles party and constituency matters 238:Prime Minister's Official Spokesperson 29: 1318:from the original on 28 November 2020 937:from the original on 10 December 2022 692:(policy research, review and advice). 234:Deputy Director, No. 10 Delivery Unit 7: 1219:from the original on 7 November 2020 502:Private Office of the Prime Minister 27:Office supporting the Prime Minister 18:British Prime Minister's Office 1080:"The Institution of Prime Minister" 1056:. London: Routledge. pp. 1–18. 1627:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office 1207:Kuenssberg, Laura (24 July 2019). 734:Government and political relations 471:clerks, who supported his work as 25: 1711:Prime Minister's New Year Message 1386:"The power of the Prime Minister" 1188:from the original on 15 June 2020 389:Director of Government Relations 360:Deputy Director of Communications 1581: 1575: 1449:from the original on 22 May 2022 1284:(Press release). UK Government. 1276:Homes England (13 August 2019). 1158:from the original on 24 May 2020 1026:from the original on 23 May 2018 1752:British Prime Minister's Office 1650:Parliamentary Private Secretary 1123:"Downing Street chief of staff" 1384:Blick, Andrew; Jones, George. 1078:Blick, Andrew; Jones, George. 746:Prime Minister's Strategy Unit 533:Downing Street Press Secretary 1: 1726:Portrait of Margaret Thatcher 1696:Downing Street Christmas Tree 1111:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 779:In 2022, in her report about 682:(press and public relations); 624:Downing Street Chief of Staff 177:Downing Street chief of staff 109:Downing Street Chief of Staff 516:Prime Minister's Secretariat 1645:Principal Private Secretary 1428:. Retrieved 9 February 2022 636:under Tony Blair, in 1997. 491:Chancellor of the Exchequer 298:Head of Political Strategy 128:In the United Kingdom, the 118:Principal Private Secretary 1773: 1665:Director of Communications 1598:First Lord of the Treasury 1148:"Who is Dominic Cummings?" 869:"Cabinet Office structure" 821:. 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Index

British Prime Minister's Office


Number 10 Downing Street
UK Government
10 Downing Street
London
Sue Gray
Downing Street Chief of Staff
Elizabeth Perelman
Principal Private Secretary
Prime Minister
10 Downing Street
metonyms
Cabinet Office
civil servants
special advisers
Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
special adviser
Downing Street chief of staff
Cabinet Secretary
Simon Case
70 Whitehall
Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
No. 10 Delivery Unit
No. 10 Policy Unit
Prime Minister's Official Spokesperson
SCS Pay Bands
Chief of Staff
Sue Gray

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