1583:
47:
570:, who in 1964 established a Political Office in Number 10, staffed by a number of 'special advisers', who were political appointees. To begin with the Principal Private Secretary tried to maintain a strict separation between the work of the private office and that of the political office, but there soon came to be a 'considerable overlap of responsibilities', reflecting more accurately the relationship between politics and administration at the top of government.
1577:
38:
483:
outside the civil service (sometimes a Member of
Parliament was appointed, in which case he was unpaid); the latter usually had seniority. Both were seen as personal and to some extent political appointees: it was usual for them to be replaced when there was a change of prime minister, and this was invariably the case when there was a change of government.
755:
has written that the
Cabinet Office (of which the Prime Minister's Office is a component) "is a long way from becoming a fully fledged premier's department", primarily based on the fact that the prime minister "largely lacks the direct policy responsibilities, either in statute or by convention under
1487:
discussed the consequences of the reform in an article entitled "New look behind the revolving doors of power" in which he observed "Mr Blair has not formally set up a Prime
Minister's Department, in order to avoid charges of presidentialism, but he has created one in all but name in 10 Downing
497:
A fourth
Private Secretary was provided for the Prime Minister in the 1920s, a fifth in the 1940s and a sixth in the 1960s. The official designation of one of their number as the 'Principal Private Secretary' dates from 1929. By this time the office had begun to be more civil service dominated:
498:
between 1922 and 1928, despite several changes of prime minister and a change of government from
Conservative to Labour, three of the four Private Secretaries had remained in post; since when the post of Principal Private Secretary has almost invariably been occupied by a career civil servant.
482:
The
Private Secretaries supported the Prime Minister both administratively and politically. During the 19th century it became the norm for one of them to be appointed from within the civil service (usually one of the Treasury clerks was seconded to the role), and the other to be appointed from
791:
concluded that the size of the
Downing Street operation had increased without the structures to support them, and "too much responsibility and expectation is placed on the senior official whose principal function is ... support of the Prime Minister". She said this needed to be addressed as a
537:
A full-time Press
Officer was first appointed to the Prime Minister's Office in 1931, who took on responsibility for public relations (formerly part of the private secretaries' remit). Over time, the press office grew in significance as media attention on the Prime Minister intensified.
493:
concurrently with that of prime minister; afterwards a third
Private Secretary remained on the Prime Minister's establishment. At least one of the three was a civil servant, but the senior (or principal) Private Secretary was normally a political appointee.
613:
The Policy Unit was also established by Harold Wilson, ten years later (in 1974). Its head is a political appointee. Its remit was to advise the Prime
Minister on policy with a view to improving co-ordination across different government departments.
478:
In 1806, the role of Private Secretary to the Prime minister was placed on an official footing, when his salary began to be paid from public funds. In 1813 funding was made available for a second Private Secretary to be added to the establishment.
1209:"One big appointment coming today - Dominic Cummings expected to be senior advisor to the new PM - Vote Leave chief moving into govt - huge brain and experienced in govt, and will be applauded by Brexiteers - highly controversial too"
518:
which he established, as well as distinguishing them from the new Cabinet Secretariat (which would later evolve into the Cabinet Office). The establishment of the Private Office also coincided with a marked increase in the number of
1644:
458:
168:
117:
796:
agreed to the Office of the Prime Minister becoming a Government department. Several changes in staffing took place early in February 2022 and the role of Downing Street Permanent Secretary was set to be revived, with
448:
The role of prime minister came into being gradually over time (and the Prime Minister's Office likewise). The beginnings of an office can be seen in the 18th century, when the first Private Secretary was appointed.
647:(from July 2019 to November 2020). Brown initially appointed a 'Chief of Strategy and Principal Adviser' instead, but he resigned eight months later. Under Johnson, the role was split into two positions with
1654:
582:
402:
985:
959:
628:
The Chief of Staff is a political appointee, usually the most senior of the Downing Street special advisers. The first prime minister to appoint a chief of staff was Margaret Thatcher in 1979;
566:
By the 1930s, the Private Office had largely become the preserve of civil servants, leaving no obvious place in the structure for the Prime Minister's political advisers. This was addressed by
1649:
751:
All these changes were intended to strengthen the PM's office. Some commentators have suggested that they created something similar to a Prime Minister's Department; whereas the
589:
417:
776:
from May to September 2020. It has been said that the creation of the role served (on both occasions) 'as a way to convince someone back into government after they have left'.
434:
Since 2005, Number 10's Direct Communication Unit has not used its staff's real names on signed correspondence to MPs and members of the public; this is for security reasons.
443:
748:) now reporting directly into the Prime Minister's Office. Led by special advisers, these new specialist units were conceived in order 'to drive change across government'.
211:
1446:
1679:
237:
1285:
868:
1751:
629:
464:
1664:
709:
Took over the functions of the private office and policy unit. Prepares advice for the PM and coordinates implementation of policy across departments.
555:
359:
344:
744:
The reorganisation brought about the fusion of the old Prime Minister's Office and other Cabinet Office teams, with a number of units (including the
1516:
632:
was one of her closes aides, and when he resigned in 1985 he was not replaced. The role was re-introduced to Downing Street with the appointment of
1614:
784:
655:
as chief strategic adviser to the prime minister. After Cummings's departure, Lister served as acting chief of staff before being replaced by
1566:
1239:
934:
1602:
133:
1710:
1385:
1715:
1626:
1216:
183:
475:, the Private Secretary was a personal appointment, paid for by Newcastle himself. Similar appointments were made by his successors.
349:
745:
217:
1421:
585:(responsible for links between the Prime Minister and party headquarters, and with constituency organisations around the country);
652:
633:
801:
holding the position on an interim basis; but the plans were not carried forward after Johnson's resignation as prime minister.
1669:
798:
532:
374:
247:
160:
1023:
1438:
1315:
1185:
1155:
1725:
1695:
1659:
623:
278:
176:
108:
1122:
1756:
1509:
283:
1609:
1277:
1052:
Jones, G. W. (1976). "The Prime Ministers' Secretaries: Politicians or Administrators?". In Griffith, J. A. G. (ed.).
490:
876:
756:
the Royal Prerogative, possessed by secretaries of state, who have substantial budgets voted to them by Parliament".
1746:
1597:
472:
672:
523:
employed at Number 10; by the 1950s there were over fifty clerks, typists, messengers and cleaners on the books.
507:
207:
As of July 2023, the following positions in the Prime Minister's Office were occupied by senior civil servants:
788:
765:
752:
104:
52:
1338:
1502:
1079:
843:
818:
768:, with seniority over the other civil servants in Number 10 (including the Principal Private Secretary).
1705:
1700:
1674:
608:
329:
113:
392:
901:
318:
182:
Since the Prime Minister's Office is formally part of the Cabinet Office, it reports directly to the
172:
164:
17:
379:
46:
1250:
926:
685:
The No. 10 Political Office (political relations, parliamentary affairs and constituency liaison);
364:
305:
689:
223:
1582:
1636:
1576:
1561:
1556:
1551:
547:
539:
515:
167:, who are by contrast political appointees. The highest ranking civil servant position is the
137:
78:
1393:
1539:
648:
301:
1208:
1425:
1244:
520:
258:
As of 2024 the following senior roles at Number 10 were occupied by political appointees.
246:(The above list only includes the most senior civil service appointments, namely those in
1525:
1414:
872:
769:
764:
Occasionally, and briefly, a senior civil servant has been appointed as Downing Street
656:
577:
took over as prime minister, the Political Office was a loose grouping which included:
543:
153:
37:
163:, who are required to be politically impartial, and temporary civil servants known as
1740:
1484:
1364:
1339:"The role and status of the Prime Minister's Office: First Report of Session 2021–22"
793:
644:
567:
489:
had become entitled to a third Private Secretary in 1873, when he held the office of
334:
68:
136:
in his executive, parliamentary and party-political roles. The office is located in
1011:
679:
640:
511:
291:
191:
1015:
514:. It served to differentiate them from the separate (and relatively short-lived)
1307:
1177:
1147:
468:
1619:
1544:
773:
697:
574:
551:
187:
152:
for the office itself. Technically the Prime Minister's Office is part of the
1720:
1479:
1369:
780:
486:
422:
667:
At the start of the 21st century the Prime Minister's Office consisted of:
156:, although in practice the two are said to be 'organisationally distinct'.
194:
provides a select number of people with access between these two offices.
149:
1107:
Lee, J. M.; Jones, G. W.; Burnham, June (1998). "The Political Office".
459:
Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
725:
Research and information unit: provides factual information to No. 10
82:
1054:
From Policy to Administration: Essays in honour of William A. Robson
1109:
At the Centre of Whitehall: Advising the Prime Minister and Cabinet
927:"Boris Johnson picks No 10 official to be head of UK civil service"
639:
At times the post has been left vacant, including for a time under
554:, was even greater, and in 2000 he was given a more senior role as
675:(coordination of government, diary management and correspondence);
55:
is the Prime Minister's Office, as well as his official residence.
1494:
463:
During his second term of office as Prime Minister (1757–62) the
1367:(13 June 2001). "New look behind the revolving doors of power".
1240:"Johnson adviser's housing role highlights lack of transparency"
1498:
1308:"Boris Johnson appoints new chief of staff after Cummings exit"
583:
Political Secretary to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1415:"Johnson promises No 10 shake-up after Gray finds failures",
700:
in 2001, the office was reorganised into three directorates:
506:
The designation of the Private Secretaries and others as the
1337:
Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee.
960:"2023-03-31 Organogram of Staff Roles and Salaries (Senior)"
558:, with the authority to issue directives to civil servants.
643:(from January 2008 to May 2010) and also for a time under
510:
of the Prime Minister would seem to date from the time of
159:
The Prime Minister's Office is staffed by a mix of career
1610:
Second Lord of the Treasury (Chancellor of the Exchequer)
1016:"No 10 admits using false names on letters to the public"
198:
Current positions within the Office of the Prime Minister
1439:"No10 team bolstered to deliver the people's priorities"
651:
serving as the chief adviser to the prime minister, and
453:
Private Secretaries and the Principal Private Secretary
242:
Private Secretary to the Prime Minister (International)
719:
Press office: responsible for relations with the media
1264:
Eddie Lister, Boris Johnson's chief strategic adviser
590:
Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
418:
Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
190:. A communicating door between 10 Downing Street and
1238:
Payne, Sebastian; Parker, George (17 January 2020).
1178:"PM's aide Cummings calls for civil service changes"
592:(focused on relations with the parliamentary party);
1688:
1635:
1590:
1532:
659:, who officially assumed the role in January 2021.
444:
History of the prime minister of the United Kingdom
97:
89:
74:
64:
59:
1278:"Sir Edward Lister resigns as Homes England Chair"
1249:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
663:Reconfiguration of the office in the 21st century
212:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
169:Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1510:
8:
231:Deputy Principal Private Secretary to the PM
228:Director of Data Science & Chief Analyst
30:
954:
952:
896:
894:
875:HM Government. 10 June 2010. Archived from
772:served in this role from 2010 to 2012, and
1517:
1503:
1495:
1102:
1100:
546:, was one of her most important advisors.
467:appointed a Private Secretary. Unlike the
260:
45:
36:
838:
836:
781:parties being held on Government premises
556:Downing Street Director of Communications
403:Political Secretary to the Prime Minister
1615:Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury
1471:
810:
598:a diary secretary / personal assistant.
550:'s influence, as press secretary under
1288:from the original on 13 September 2019
738:Handles party and constituency matters
238:Prime Minister's Official Spokesperson
29:
1318:from the original on 28 November 2020
937:from the original on 10 December 2022
692:(policy research, review and advice).
234:Deputy Director, No. 10 Delivery Unit
7:
1219:from the original on 7 November 2020
502:Private Office of the Prime Minister
27:Office supporting the Prime Minister
18:British Prime Minister's Office
1080:"The Institution of Prime Minister"
1056:. London: Routledge. pp. 1–18.
1627:Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office
1207:Kuenssberg, Laura (24 July 2019).
734:Government and political relations
471:clerks, who supported his work as
25:
1711:Prime Minister's New Year Message
1386:"The power of the Prime Minister"
1188:from the original on 15 June 2020
389:Director of Government Relations
360:Deputy Director of Communications
1581:
1575:
1449:from the original on 22 May 2022
1284:(Press release). UK Government.
1276:Homes England (13 August 2019).
1158:from the original on 24 May 2020
1026:from the original on 23 May 2018
1752:British Prime Minister's Office
1650:Parliamentary Private Secretary
1123:"Downing Street chief of staff"
1384:Blick, Andrew; Jones, George.
1078:Blick, Andrew; Jones, George.
746:Prime Minister's Strategy Unit
533:Downing Street Press Secretary
1:
1726:Portrait of Margaret Thatcher
1696:Downing Street Christmas Tree
1111:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
779:In 2022, in her report about
682:(press and public relations);
624:Downing Street Chief of Staff
177:Downing Street chief of staff
109:Downing Street Chief of Staff
516:Prime Minister's Secretariat
1645:Principal Private Secretary
1428:. Retrieved 9 February 2022
636:under Tony Blair, in 1997.
491:Chancellor of the Exchequer
298:Head of Political Strategy
128:In the United Kingdom, the
118:Principal Private Secretary
1773:
1665:Director of Communications
1598:First Lord of the Treasury
1148:"Who is Dominic Cummings?"
869:"Cabinet Office structure"
821:. Institute for Government
722:Direct communications unit
715:Communication and strategy
621:
606:
530:
473:First Lord of the Treasury
456:
441:
345:Director of Communications
290:
203:Civil Service appointments
1573:
595:a constituency secretary;
132:supports the work of the
44:
35:
1483:political correspondent
1127:Institute for Government
906:Institute for Government
848:Institute for Government
753:Institute for Government
53:Number 10 Downing Street
1637:Prime Minister's Office
1424:9 February 2022 at the
1390:health-equity.pitt.edu/
130:Prime Minister's Office
31:Prime Minister's Office
1345:. The House of Commons
844:"No.10 Downing Street"
819:"No.10 Downing Street"
254:Political appointments
1706:Number 10 Policy Unit
1701:Ministerial Broadcast
1680:Official Spokesperson
1620:Government Chief Whip
705:Policy and government
609:Number 10 Policy Unit
1567:Privy Council Office
1314:. 26 November 2020.
1154:. 13 February 2020.
542:'s press secretary,
218:No. 10 Delivery Unit
1757:Cabinet departments
1716:Press Briefing Room
1655:Political Secretary
1545:Chief Whip's Office
1445:. 9 February 2022.
1254:on 10 December 2022
766:Permanent Secretary
760:Permanent Secretary
315:Political Director
186:, who is currently
32:
1675:Director of Policy
1184:. 3 January 2020.
986:"Special Advisers"
933:. 31 August 2020.
690:No. 10 Policy Unit
330:Director of Policy
224:No. 10 Policy Unit
171:; the most senior
148:are often used as
114:Elizabeth Perelman
1747:10 Downing Street
1734:
1733:
1562:12 Downing Street
1557:11 Downing Street
1552:10 Downing Street
1419:, 31 January 2022
548:Alastair Campbell
540:Margaret Thatcher
465:Duke of Newcastle
432:
431:
184:Cabinet Secretary
138:10 Downing Street
126:
125:
98:Agency executives
79:10 Downing Street
51:Contained within
16:(Redirected from
1764:
1585:
1579:
1540:9 Downing Street
1519:
1512:
1505:
1496:
1489:
1476:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1435:
1429:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1381:
1375:
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1361:
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1354:
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1334:
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1325:
1323:
1304:
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1273:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1259:
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1248:. Archived from
1235:
1229:
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1226:
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1204:
1198:
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992:. Cabinet Office
982:
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966:. Cabinet Office
956:
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923:
917:
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902:"Cabinet Office"
898:
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886:
884:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
840:
831:
830:
828:
826:
815:
649:Dominic Cummings
562:Political Office
393:Jill Cuthbertson
302:Morgan McSweeney
261:
165:special advisers
85:, United Kingdom
49:
40:
33:
21:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1765:
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1737:
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1730:
1684:
1670:Press Secretary
1631:
1586:
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1523:
1493:
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1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1452:
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1437:
1436:
1432:
1426:Wayback Machine
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1396:on 2 April 2015
1383:
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1321:
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1245:Financial Times
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1098:
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1014:(11 May 2011).
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1005:
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931:Financial Times
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634:Jonathan Powell
626:
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605:
564:
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529:
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455:
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375:Press Secretary
319:Vidhya Alakeson
304:
273:Prime Minister
256:
205:
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173:special adviser
122:
60:Agency overview
50:
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5:
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1660:Chief of Staff
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1603:Prime Minister
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1526:Downing Street
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1507:
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1491:
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1376:
1365:Riddell, Peter
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1199:
1169:
1139:
1114:
1096:
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879:on 1 July 2010
873:Cabinet Office
860:
832:
809:
808:
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799:Samantha Jones
792:priority, and
785:COVID pandemic
770:Jeremy Heywood
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673:Private Office
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657:Dan Rosenfield
622:Main article:
619:
618:Chief of Staff
616:
607:Main article:
604:
601:
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586:
563:
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544:Bernard Ingham
528:
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521:clerical staff
508:Private Office
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161:civil servants
154:Cabinet Office
142:Downing Street
140:and the terms
134:Prime Minister
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248:SCS Pay Bands
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69:UK Government
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354:5 July 2024
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324:5 July 2024
310:5 July 2024
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292:Keir Starmer
288:5 July 2024
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192:70 Whitehall
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175:post is the
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75:Headquarters
65:Jurisdiction
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853:27 February
783:during the
678:The No. 10
671:The No. 10
603:Policy Unit
270:Took office
1741:Categories
1213:@bbclaurak
805:References
774:Simon Case
698:Tony Blair
575:John Major
552:Tony Blair
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457:See also:
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222:Director,
216:Director,
188:Simon Case
1721:Partygate
1591:Residence
1533:Buildings
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1370:The Times
487:Gladstone
423:Liz Twist
146:Number 10
90:Employees
1488:Street".
1447:Archived
1422:Archived
1417:BBC News
1400:21 March
1349:11 March
1316:Archived
1312:BBC News
1286:Archived
1217:Archived
1186:Archived
1182:BBC News
1156:Archived
1152:BBC News
1024:Archived
1020:BBC News
970:11 March
935:Archived
789:Sue Gray
469:Treasury
284:Sue Gray
150:metonyms
105:Sue Gray
1030:20 June
911:1 March
825:13 July
438:History
1453:20 May
1443:gov.uk
1282:GOV.UK
1258:31 May
1084:GOV.UK
990:GOV.UK
964:GOV.UK
883:6 July
696:Under
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1466:Notes
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