24:
185:(HEC). The first model (HEC 1) was built in 1951, an example is held by the Birmingham Museum. BTM went on to develop the HEC 2, 2M and 4 models, eventually building more than 100. The machines had a 2 kilobyte drum memory and 1000 valves, and could use punched cards for input and output, or drive a printer.
149:
In return for the exclusive right to market
Hollerith equipment in Britain and the Empire (excluding Canada), BTM paid 25% of its revenues to the American company by way of royalties. This became an ever-increasing burden as the years progressed; BTM attempted to renegotiate the agreement on several
467:
482:
497:
278:
492:
146:
Annual revenues were £6K in 1915, £122K in 1925, and £170K in 1937. In 1916 there were 45 staff; this increased to 132 in 1922, 326 in 1929 and 1,225 in 1939.
169:, who had led the company's engineering department throughout the 1930s. The project was codenamed "CANTAB". The project was managed by computing pioneer
502:
292:
472:
487:
198:
45:
135:). By 1909, the company had been renamed the "British Tabulating Machine Company Limited". In 1920, the company moved from London to
419:
397:
67:
435:
383:
202:
143:; it was also at this point that it started manufacturing its own machines, rather than simply reselling Hollerith equipment.
477:
227:
182:
153:
During World War II, BTM was called upon to design and manufacture a machine to assist breaking the German Enigma machine
440:
38:
32:
404:
128:
49:
300:
166:
367:
92:
253:
332:
173:
until 1942. By the end of the
European war, over two hundred bombes had been built and installed.
415:
393:
272:
446:
124:
314:
108:
104:
461:
140:
194:
170:
96:
162:
451:
353:
154:
136:
89:
447:
Grace's Guide to
British Industrial History – British Tabulating Machine Co
387:
206:
158:
100:
392:
John Keen, Harold 'Doc' Keen and the
Bletchley Park Bombe, 2003,
368:"Britain's first mass produced computer goes on public display"
403:
Martin
Campbell-Kelly, ICL and the British computer industry,
132:
17:
299:. Computer Conservation Society. 2 April 2012. Archived from
165:, but the actual machine was designed by BTM chief engineer
452:
The BTM HEC Paperwork
Collection at The ICL Computer Museum
150:
occasions, but it was only finally terminated in 1948.
468:
Defunct manufacturing companies of the United
Kingdom
386:, BTM – British Tabulating Machine Company Limited
123:, after Robert Porter obtained the rights to sell
8:
181:BTM built a valve based computer called the
95:and other data-processing equipment. During
483:Manufacturing companies established in 1902
277:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
356:. 2 April 2016 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
88:) was a firm which manufactured and sold
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
498:British companies disestablished in 1959
201:Limited (ICT). ICT later became part of
31:This article includes a list of general
218:
270:
199:International Computers and Tabulators
493:British companies established in 1902
441:Details of the Bombe and BTMC history
412:ICL: A Business and Technical History
205:(ICL), which was later taken over by
193:In 1959 BTM merged with former rival
7:
228:"The First Female Tech Entrepreneur"
319:www.computerconservationsociety.org
226:womenengineerssite (11 May 2020).
119:The company was formed in 1902 as
82:British Tabulating Machine Company
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
503:1959 disestablishments in England
354:"From punch cards to smartphones"
127:'s patented machines from the US
22:
473:International Computers Limited
315:"Computer Conservation Society"
203:International Computers Limited
488:1902 establishments in England
1:
293:"T1 BTM's HEC 1 computer.htm"
183:Hollerith Electronic Computer
161:, was initially conceived by
99:, BTM constructed some 200 "
414:. Oxford University Press.
157:. This machine, known as a
519:
443:(archived 4 December 2013)
254:"Dora Metcalf (1892-1982)"
129:Tabulating Machine Company
252:Mary276 (11 March 2021).
258:Women Who Meant Business
232:women engineers' history
410:Martin Campbell-Kelly.
52:more precise citations.
478:Cryptanalytic devices
340:Our Computer Heritage
297:Our Computer Heritage
121:The Tabulator Limited
93:unit record equipment
107:to break the German
103:", machines used at
436:Letchworth's Enigma
333:"Where to see bits"
167:Harold 'Doc' Keen
131:(later to become
78:
77:
70:
510:
425:
376:
375:
364:
358:
357:
350:
344:
343:
337:
329:
323:
322:
311:
305:
304:
303:on 2 April 2012.
289:
283:
282:
276:
268:
266:
264:
249:
243:
242:
240:
238:
223:
125:Herman Hollerith
73:
66:
62:
59:
53:
48:this article by
39:inline citations
26:
25:
18:
518:
517:
513:
512:
511:
509:
508:
507:
458:
457:
432:
422:
409:
380:
379:
374:. 3 April 2016.
366:
365:
361:
352:
351:
347:
335:
331:
330:
326:
313:
312:
308:
291:
290:
286:
269:
262:
260:
251:
250:
246:
236:
234:
225:
224:
220:
215:
191:
179:
117:
74:
63:
57:
54:
44:Please help to
43:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
516:
514:
506:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
460:
459:
456:
455:
449:
444:
438:
431:
430:External links
428:
427:
426:
420:
407:
401:
390:
378:
377:
359:
345:
324:
306:
284:
244:
217:
216:
214:
211:
190:
187:
178:
175:
116:
113:
109:Enigma machine
105:Bletchley Park
76:
75:
58:September 2013
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
515:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
453:
450:
448:
445:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
429:
423:
421:9780198539186
417:
413:
408:
405:
402:
399:
398:0-947712-42-9
395:
391:
388:
385:
382:
381:
373:
369:
363:
360:
355:
349:
346:
341:
334:
328:
325:
320:
316:
310:
307:
302:
298:
294:
288:
285:
280:
274:
259:
255:
248:
245:
233:
229:
222:
219:
212:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
176:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
144:
142:
141:Hertfordshire
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
411:
371:
362:
348:
339:
327:
318:
309:
301:the original
296:
287:
261:. Retrieved
257:
247:
235:. Retrieved
231:
221:
195:Powers-Samas
192:
180:
177:HEC computer
171:Dora Metcalf
152:
148:
145:
120:
118:
97:World War II
85:
81:
79:
64:
55:
36:
15:
384:John Harper
163:Alan Turing
50:introducing
462:Categories
213:References
197:to become
137:Letchworth
33:references
372:New Atlas
111:ciphers.
90:Hollerith
273:cite web
207:Fujitsu
155:ciphers
115:History
46:improve
418:
396:
189:Merger
101:bombes
35:, but
336:(PDF)
263:8 May
237:8 May
159:bombe
416:ISBN
394:ISBN
279:link
265:2022
239:2022
80:The
133:IBM
86:BTM
464::
370:.
338:.
317:.
295:.
275:}}
271:{{
256:.
230:.
209:.
139:,
454:.
424:.
406:.
400:.
389:.
342:.
321:.
281:)
267:.
241:.
84:(
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.