List of British deception formations in World War II

918:, who played a major role in the planning of Fortitude, wrote that captured German maps verified the success of the north and south portions of the deception plan. These maps depicted the location of Allied formations within the UK, the fake order of battles, and notional formations. Mary Barbier, a historian who wrote about the Fortitude deception plan, has questioned its success. She wrote "it is time to consider that the importance of the deception has been overrated", and argued that the plan worked as the Germans held "preconceived ideas about the importance of the Pas De Calais", and that the Allied staff had overestimated the effectiveness of the deception as they held a "preconceived notion of what Fortitude would accomplish". 858:

information to be found by foreign diplomats. The notional formations were given insignia and efforts were made to include them on official documents that contained real formations. It was reasoned that the documentation would help to create a general belief that these fake formations existed, and if captured they would further aid the deception. Insignia was worn by soldiers and painted on vehicles. These were then publicly displayed for willing or unwitting Axis informants. Passes and identity cards were manufactured and then "lost" where they could find their way into Axis hands. Dummy tanks covered in tarpaulins were routed through populated areas, and dummy parachutists were dropped near Cairo to simulate parachute training.

3246: 2295:

notionally based in Sicily with the intent of a landing in Greece (Second Undercut). By December 1944, the division was notionally a theatre-wide reserve formation, which could be used to strike any target of opportunity that was within range. During 1945, German intelligence efforts attempted to pinpoint the exact location of the division. Feigning security reasons, the division was notionally dispersed. The 9th Airlanding Brigade was sent to Malta to train and await reinforcements, while the 8th Parachute Brigade and the divisional headquarters were relocated to Rome. In Rome, the division was again physically depicted by the 2nd Parachute Brigade.

819: 3829: 907:, the British military captured numerous German intelligence documents. A Force reviewed these documents and were able to verify an initial success to Operation Cascade, with reference being made to many of their notional units. This had resulted in the Germans overestimating the British armoured strength by 45 per cent and their infantry strength by 40 per cent. Dummy tank formations were repeatedly bombed by the Axis air forces. By 1944, there were 44 real Allied divisions in the Mediterranean area. Due to Cascade and Wantage, German intelligence believed there was in fact around 70. 3699: 2075:. It used the same insignia as the real British airborne formations. While the formation's existence was leaked to the Germans in June as being stationed in England, German intelligence already believed the formation existed and had been located in the western Mediterranean area. As part of Fortitude South II, the division would notionally land on the right flank of an invasion conducted by the First United States Army Group (FUSAG) in the Pas-de-Calais area of France. In September, as the final efforts of Operation Bodyguard and to support 2670: 2049: 1793: 3311: 1041: 762: – by inflating the British order of battle within the Middle East. The plan called for eight new notional divisions as well as two notional armoured brigades, in addition to the existing notional 1st Special Service Brigade (the actual British strength during this period was 15 divisions). The plan officially began in July and carried on through to 1944, evolving as the situation required and with additional formations added. For example, in March 1943, six further notional British divisions were added. 794:, which aimed to conceal the withdrawal of Allied formations from Italy. Eight divisions were withdrawn to the UK, to provide the forming Allied armies with a core of veteran forces for the assault on France. These formations were replaced by three real and four fake divisions. The northern Europe counterpart to Zeppelin was initially codenamed Operation Torrent and then referred to as Appendix Y, based on the section name of the planning documents. This plan then evolved into Operation Mespot and subsequently 3102: 3589: 3069: 3038: 3785: 2899: 3733: 2835: 2778: 3390: 2345:, whereas its corps headquarters was based in Kent. In August, this prompted questions from German intelligence, who were informed that the terrain in Suffolk was conductive to armoured warfare training and that it was not unusual for formations to be separated from their corps headquarters for this purpose. By November, the division had notionally moved to Yorkshire. Over the coming months, the Germans were informed that due to the high casualties suffered by the 922:, a German general, told interrogators after the end of the war, that major landings were expected in southern France due to the large concentration of forces that the Germans believed had been built-up in Africa. Thaddeus Holt, who wrote about the Allied deception methods, wrote that it was "particularly gratifying ... the puzzlement expressed by one German general" who asked why the notional 5th Airborne Division (United Kingdom) had not been used in the Allied 153: 3443: 3167: 3660: 903:. The success of the Cyprus deception effort was verified via intercepted German communications about the level of British forces on the island. By May 1942, the deception methods had resulted in Axis intelligence overestimating British forces in Africa and the Middle East by 30 per cent. This included three of the notional divisions being verified on the German order of battle of British forces. In November 1942, following the 33: 1200: 1383: 2490: 1466: 2555: 3284:. The brigadier held the local rank of major-general, and the battalion commanders flew brigadier pennants to further simulate the division. The division's initial purpose was to inflate the British order of battle in the region, to cover the withdrawal of real units back to the UK (Foynes). During 1944, the division notionally moved between 3481:. The brigades were simulated by the real battalions assigned to the 42nd Brigade, and its commander held the local rank of major-general. The division's initial purpose was to inflate the British order of battle in the region, to cover the withdrawal of real units back to the UK (Foynes). In late 1944, it was notionally transferred to 4410:

H. F. Joslen, who compiled the official history on the British order of battle during the war, stated when the 42nd Brigade was disbanded on 29 July 1944, the 57th Division was likewise disbanded. Thaddeus Holt, who wrote about the British deception formations, stated that the formation was kept

4390:

H. F. Joslen, who compiled the official history on the British order of battle during the war, stated that the deception formation was dropped in June 1943. Thaddeus Holt, who wrote about the wartime deception formations, stated that the formation was still in existence as late as May 1944, but

3674:

was assigned a notional role in Operation Foynes, which aimed to inflate the British order of battle in the Mediterranean to cover the withdrawal of real units to the UK. It was then switched with the newly created phantom 68th Division, which maintained the 61st Division's insignia. The 68th was to

1623:

Various legitimate administration units across Algeria and Tunisia posed as this corps, which was composed completely of notional formations. The deception included Christmas party invitations for the corps' officers being leaked to Axis agents in Spain and Turkey. Over winter 1943–44, the corps was

1008:

German intelligence were aware of the British Army's regional commands from before the war. Due to various Allied deception efforts, German intelligence had over-estimated the number of Allied forces based within the UK by the start of 1944. While there was no specific deception effort to create the

125:

was Fortitude's counterpart. It aimed to elaborate on the work undertaken by Operation Cascade and use the notional formations to feign the threat of attacks throughout the Mediterranean area. The fake order of battle was also used to conceal troop movements from the Mediterranean to the UK. While

2641:

Designed to cover the lack of armoured forces and scheduled reinforcements in the Middle East, this notional division was represented by a British Indian Army motorised infantry brigade that had arrived in Egypt. The division was notionally to move into Italian Libya, to threaten the flank of any

857:

formations were also fabricated. To create and maintain the illusion of these notional formations, various methods were undertaken. At a basic level, British intelligence purposely leaked information and started rumors that would eventually reach Axis intelligence services. This included planting

3272:. It was redesignated as the 40th Infantry Division on 9 November 1943, and adopted a sign alluding to the division's First World War insignia. The brigade's actual battalions consisted of men not suitable for frontline duties; with minimal transport and lacking heavy weapons, they simulated the 4376:

For example, the New Zealand contribution to Cascade included redesignating one of their military bases in Egypt as the Sixth New Zealand Division in May 1942. To further the deception, elements of the camp took on the role of larger formations, such as the training depot being renamed the 9th

2294:

from Italy and its redeployment back to the United Kingdom (Foynes). By May 1944, the division was notionally based in the western Mediterranean, and was used to project the threat of an invasion of an undetermined target in the Adriatic and Balkan region (Ferdinand). Later in the year, it was

1728:

was notionally transferred to Belgium. However, outside of planning documents, the corps was never referred to and its existence was not provided to the Germans via any deception method. Instead, the decision was made to leak the actual transfer of these two divisions to central control of the

789:

on 6 February 1944. Specifically, Wantage aimed to increase the forces in the Mediterranean by 33 per cent, and double the number of forces based within the Middle East (the latter included the creation of eighteen new notional divisions, six corps, and one army). The efforts conducted by

2516:

After the actual division was broken-up in January 1943, it was revived in March 1943 for deception purposes and maintained the original insignia. The division was simulated by a dummy tank brigade (Waterfall), and maintained the illusion of a build-up of armoured forces in the province of

1413:

While the actual II Corps was disbanded, it was maintained on the order of battle and comprised a number of notional and actual divisions and brigades. As part of the fictional Fourth Army, it was used to threaten Norway (Fortitude North and Skye) with a notional planned landing at

129:

These various deception operations undertook administrative and physical efforts to fool Axis forces into believing these formations existed. This included fake insignia and documents, inflatable tanks, wireless communications, and the deliberate leaking of information, especially via

951:

Allied divisions in Southeast Asia and British India, when the actual strength was around 13. Despite the belief in the deception efforts that had created the inflated order of battle, the attempt to use these formations to influence Japanese planning and actions had little impact.

4400:

H. F. Joslen, who compiled the official history on the British order of battle during the war, stated that the division was called the 12th Division (SDF). Thaddeus Holt, who wrote about the British deception formations, stated that the division was called the 12th Mixed

1492:

to project a threat towards Italy (Boardman), as a potential invasion force of Greece (Undercut), and to threaten an Allied landing on Corfu (Fairlands). The actual corps was reformed in the Middle East and dispatched to reoccupy Greece following a German withdrawal.

692:, by playing on the Italian concern of potential British airborne forces being in the theatre and that they could be used to land behind the frontline. This was followed by a scaled-up version, in efforts to fool Italian intelligence into believing that a notional 862:

traffic was created for the fictional formations. For the benefit of Axis aerial reconnaissance, dummy tanks, fake tank tracks, and fake camps were constructed and moved around to create the fictitious presence of additional armoured formations. Furthermore,

183: 1106:. By the end of the year, it was notionally based in Yorkshire, to threaten a landing along the Dutch coast (Trolleycar). In early 1945, German intelligence was informed that the army had been used as a source of reinforcements and was then merged with 178: 7063: 722:. The Cyprus Defense Plan aimed to deter any attack and to buy time to allow actual reinforcements to arrive to bolster the 4,000-man garrison. The deception plan claimed that the garrison was at least 20,000 strong, based around the fictitious 6963: 3535:), British planners decided to replace it with a notional division to maintain the threat of a purported attack on Norway (Fortitude North). They notionally created the 58th Division, knowing that the Germans already believed it to exist near 2133:

The formation was initially part of the FUSAG order of battle, used to pose a threat to the Pas-de-Calais area of France (Fortitude South II). By the end of 1944, the division was notionally based in British India and part of the equally fake

3597:

An actual division that was dispersed in Normandy, France, on 26 August, although it formal disbanding was delayed for two months until 19 October 1944. The division was then retained for deception purposes and was assigned to the notional

2398:). After the island was reinforced, the actual divisional HQ was disbanded on 23 August 1941 but maintained for deception purposes. Starting in March 1942, the division controlled the notional Northern and Southern brigades as well as the 886:

The notional arrival of Canadian troops in Egypt, as part of the deception effort to increase the British-led presence in the area, provides a case example. Canadian insignias were displayed in various locations in Egypt and within the

90:, from where they could potentially land behind the front line. It was followed by two separate efforts that created fictitious divisions to hide various weakness of the British forces in the theatre. In 1942, these efforts grew into 7115: 3337:

before being disbanded in October 1943. It was notionally dispatched from the UK to the Mediterranean area, as a replacement for real formations that were being returned to England (Foynes). The division comprised the notional

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and had been in existence since 1908. By 1944, the division had been drained of manpower to the point of being disbanded and was then maintained for deception purposes. During 1944, the division was assigned to the notional

1218:

The Ninth Army was an actual formation that administered British forces in the Middle East. Various deception operations were used to inflate its size to that of a fighting army, which posed a threat towards the Balkans.

7058: 6956: 6192: 532: 6220: 6289: 7073: 6949: 6929: 2749:

in March 1942 and posed as the notional 13th (East African) Division. No information is known about the composition of the notional division, which remained in Ceylon through to 1945. It was assigned to

7120: 4168:, Belgium (Inclination). An actual 27th Armoured Brigade had existed and fought in Normandy, but had been disbanded, and its units disperesed to replenish other armoured units in the Normandy campaign. 785:-held territories. To support this, the Allied order of battle needed to be inflated to provide these operations with the necessary forces to create such threats. As a result, Cascade was superseded by 2378:

A divisional headquarters was formed on 14 June 1941, to deter any German attack on Cyprus, and was given command of all existing forces on the island. The division notionally controlled the imaginary

7043: 1632:. In early 1944, the corps was notionally reinforced with paratroopers and moved to Sicily, then to the western end of the Mediterranean by May. During winter 1944–45, the corps notionally moved to 7068: 4202:

existed at the same time as the fictional formation; it was based in the UK, and in March 1944 was redesignated as the 33rd Armoured Brigade and deployed to fight in northwest Europe with the

545: 226: 113:, which aimed to create new fake formations and an entire notional order of battle. The goal of these efforts was to lead the German military into believing substantial forces could attack 7038: 3218: 3839:

This division was retained on the order of battle for deception purposes when the actual training formation was disbanded in the UK on 1 September 1944. It notionally controlled the

375: 1765:, efforts were made to reinforce the island. This included the activation of the notional XVIII Corps. It is not known if it had any insignia created, and was shortly thereafter renamed 3632:

It is not known when this bogus division was formed, ceased to exist, what it comprised, and its insignia not certain. The division was based in British India, assigned to the notional

210: 7048: 6747: 6282: 718:

Abeam and the 10th Armoured Division had been intended only for short-term use, the first long-term plan was formed in June. Cyprus was potentially at risk of invasion, following the

285: 929:

Similar deceptions were conducted in Asia. However, efforts to operate Bodyguard-like deception were thwarted by the lack of a defined Allied strategy as the British, Americans, and

3998:, which formed in 1941 as a small unit, was dubbed the 1st SAS Brigade to further the deception effort. The notional brigade was maintained through the war, and joined the notional 567: 370: 134:. Within Europe, these efforts convinced the German military that the Allied powers had more divisions than they did. However, similar efforts in Asia were met with mixed success. 2913:

The division was notionally based in Palestine, provided with a backstory of having arrived in the Middle East, from the UK, in August 1942. The division notionally comprised the

2444:

The real 8th Infantry Division had been disbanded in 1940, and the division was notionally revived on 2 June 1942 as part of Operation Cascade. The division was portrayed by the

726:. The plan evolved to include additional units, a changing order of battle for the 7th Division, and a notional corps headquarters. These successes prompted the creation of the 1066:

created and maintained the ruse of the Fourth Army, with the lion of their own insignia replaced by medieval style number four. The army was initially composed of the notional

75:. In total, 36 notional divisions were created although they were not all employed at the same time. Some of these were based on real units that had previously been disbanded. 7089: 6742: 601: 476: 2796:, and played the role of the British strategic reserve. It was provided with a background of having arrived from the UK in April 1942. It was notionally composed of a bogus 6275: 2138:. It was used to pose a threat to retreating Japanese forces in Burma (Conclave and Tarzan), before being used to pose the threat of an Allied invasion of Sumatra (Claw). 4258:

The brigade was formed in Egypt on 5 July 1942, to organise the use of inflatable dummy tanks for deception purposes. The brigade's dummy tanks were utilised during the

3812: 3462: 1813:. In December, the corps was disbanded, and it was leaked to Germany that it had only been an administrative formation and was not referenced again beyond January 1945. 1556: 397: 354: 269: 258: 221: 1551:. While based in Scotland, the corps was used to threaten an invasion of Norway (Fortitude North and Skye). It was later reformed in England with command of the real 3793:

This notional division was retained for deception purposes after the actual formation was disbanded in the UK on 1 September 1944. It notionally controlled the

4134:. The brigade was then based within the UK, and assisted in the final stages of Operation Fortitude including the dismantling of dummy vehicles and landing craft. 2456:. The division did not use the insignia of the real 8th Infantry, and was provided with a sign of crossed battleaxes. The division notionally controlled the bogus 1302:

and maintained the threat towards Greece. Exploiting the mutinies within exiled Greek forces, the army was reassigned around May 1944 to threaten the Italian

3217:

and used to bolster the impression of the British force based in Greece (Second Undercut). It then notionally transferred to Italy, as a replacement for the real

2525:. The division was used to pose a threat towards Greece through to 1944. For the major 1944 deception plan (Zeppelin), the division was assigned to the notional 3743:

This notional division was retained for deception purposes after the actual formation was disbanded in the UK on 1 September 1944. It notionally controlled the

428: 274: 248: 7094: 7053: 6752: 631: 253: 3421:

region of France (Fortitude South II). After the Fortitude South plan ended, the division resumed its role as an actual training formation within England.

2275: 1531:

This designation had been unused since 1940, when an actual VII Corps was renamed, and was revived for a notional formation to bolster the fictitious

471: 449: 301: 6443: 2964:

to feign an attack near Rangoon to cut-off retreating Japanese forces in Burma (Claw). In May 1945, it was reassigned to notionally reinforce the actual

188: 2183: 1134:

As with the Third Army, there was no specific deception effort to create the Fifth Army, but German intelligence believed that one had been formed from

1563:, and was used to threaten an invasion of the Pas de Calais region (Fortitude South II). By September 1944, the 61st had been replaced by the notional 937:. In June 1944, the British captured Japanese documents dated from November 1943, which indicated that the Japanese believed that there were 7010: 3844: 696:

was arriving piecemeal in Egypt, where British forces were based. The plan aimed to cover the lack of British armoured forces actually located there.

349: 3859:(Fortitude South II). The phantom division remained with the notional Fourth Army and was moved around England before being disbanded in April 1945. 3555:, Scotland, and then moved to various locations in Scotland while conducting training. In July 1944, the division moved to England with the notional 3205:, and adopted the division's First World War insignia. In January 1944, the division was transferred to the Middle East and assigned to the notional 7125: 7030: 7015: 6984: 3377: 3330: 3296: 1717: 514: 444: 317: 3018:, which was based in Egypt. The division was removed from the order of battle in May 1943, when the actual Royal Marines unit transferred to Asia. 3848: 3802: 3798: 3770: 3718: 3682: 3671: 3339: 3334: 2620: 2573:, but its role was not incorporated as the deception plan evolved. In early 1944, the division's personnel aided in the portrayal of the notional 1721: 1552: 699:

The first use of deception formations within combat plans came shortly thereafter, in March 1941, when Wavell planned to seize the island of

693: 487: 3101: 2087:

area. At the end of the year, the division was notionally disbanded with a cover story provided that its forces were used to reinforce the real

1168:

to pose a threat to any coast of northeastern Europe, it was not actively employed after 1943. German intelligence maintained it on the British

883:, the breaking of German encrypted communications, the British were able to read German coded messages and verify the success of their efforts. 810:

region. These plans aimed to expand the Allied order of battle within the UK in order to provide the forces required to maintain these threats.

36:

A portrait of Brigadier Dudley Clarke, who has been described as being "ultimately responsible for the greatest military deceptions in history".

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The British military initially saw Cyprus as a low-priority area and did not want to bolster its small garrison. In June 1941, following the

1299: 846: 588: 556: 433: 423: 418: 344: 64: 6320: 3077:

It is unknown when the division was notionally formed or what it comprised. It was based in British India in 1945, and was assigned to the

712: 2445: 2329:, after the corps had notionally moved from Scotland to England without any subordinate formations. The division consisted of the notional 121:

were a ruse to hide the real attack that would be launched elsewhere by notional forces based in the UK. Within the Mediterranean theatre,

3310: 3015: 6817: 6333: 3851:. Prior to the actual division being disbanded, the training formation was used to simulate a combat-ready division within the notional 3466: 3428: 3324: 2914: 2908: 2742: 2565:

This real formation had been formed in 1940 and had served solely within the United Kingdom. In 1943, it was allotted to be used within

2511: 2461: 2169: 1602: 1257: 1209: 778: 644: 122: 57: 662:

on 19 December 1940. His role was the Personal Intelligence Officer (Special Duties) to Middle East Command's commander-in-chief,

3925:. The division was created in the autumn of 1944, and used to feign part of a force ready to occupy Norway if German forces withdrew. 2646:

moved into Italian Libya and actually assumed this role. A genuine 10th Armoured Division was formed, in Palestine, on 1 August 1941.

1964:, and was initially used to threaten a landing behind the Japanese frontline to hinder their retreat through Burma (Tarzan) following 572: 492: 407: 3469:

insignia was reused (German intelligence depicted the division's insignia being inverted), and the division notionally contained the

2588: 1945: 1567:. German intelligence were informed that the corps and its formations were drained of manpower to replace casualties suffered by the 1488:

Maintained on the order of battle after the actual III Corps had been disbanded, the formation was used as part of the notional

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all held different agendas and goals. Changing objectives also hindered the development of any strategic deception plan to dupe the

519: 3866: 2720: 2712:. The division was disbanded on 12 January 1945, when the formation was redesignated the Sudan Defence Force Group (North Africa). 71:

with no long-term goal. As the war progressed, the deception efforts escalated into elaborate plans that included entire notional

2965: 2705: 2685: 1536: 1165: 1135: 624: 3994:

Initially formed to exploit an Axis concern that the British military had airborne forces based in the Middle East (Abeam). The

3413:

for the purported attack on Norway (Fortitude North). In June 1944, the division alongside the II Corps was transferred to

2960:

It is unknown when this division was notionally formed or what it comprised. In 1945, the division was assigned to the notional

2349:

in Belgium and the Netherlands, that the division had been used as a source of reinforcements, resulting in it being disbanded.

2191: 2187: 126:

fake divisions were created to supplement Allied forces in British India and Burma, there was no theatre-wide deception effort.

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information about real and fake formations, their insignia, movements, and provided entire fictitious orders of battle. Due to

4009: 3354:, which was used to project a threat towards southern France with a planned landing to establish a defensive position between 3245: 2820: 2809: 2072: 1673: 4119: 3794: 3752: 3748: 3643: 3613: 3560: 3496: 3414: 3347: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3229: 3152: 3129: 3089: 3054: 3025: 2941: 2884: 2850: 2761: 2653: 2338: 2271: 2179: 2068: 2064: 1949: 1941: 1893:. After the 50th Division left, the corps reverted to an order of battle of only notional divisions, which also included the 1677: 1636:, Italy. Its insignia was adopted by a mountain warfare training facility in the area, and the corps took on the role of the 1087: 923: 583: 3202: 2330: 2302: 2255: 2199: 2102: 1957: 1953: 1560: 3465:

was redesignated. The cover story stated that the division had arrived from the UK during September. The First World War's

3922: 3918: 3914: 3840: 3401: 3210: 3198: 3137: 3125: 3121: 3078: 3007: 2918: 2866: 2530: 2465: 2403: 2379: 2263: 2215: 2135: 1977: 1904: 1681: 1489: 1227: 2606: 2411: 2063:

The formation was created in June 1944 to bolster the Fortitude South II deception effort, and consisted of the notional

1776: 1103: 6013:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. V. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 5868: 4213: 3856: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3524: 3410: 3011: 2975: 2858: 2709: 2693: 2574: 2399: 2203: 1841: 1740: 1564: 1532: 1020: 867:, the British security service, had eliminated the German spy ring within the UK. Thereafter, they operated a series of 742:

during these early order-of-battle deceptions, along with other deception operations undertaken by A Force, resulted in

109:, was implemented and included forces based within the UK and the Mediterranean. Allied staff based in the UK worked on 3707:

This formation was maintained on the order of battle for deception purposes after the actual division was broken-up in

4259: 4043: 2922: 2453: 2407: 1695: 1183: 1117: 991: 904: 617: 161: 6173:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. London: Naval & Military Press. 2955: 2869:, to pose a threat to targets in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1945, it notionally moved to British India to undergo 2681: 2395: 2283: 2128: 1927: 6151:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II. London: Naval & Military Press. 6030:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. VI. London: Naval & Military Press. 3896: 818: 6399: 6343: 6127:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I. London: Naval & Military Press. 3486: 3367: 3343: 3214: 3206: 3046:

It is unknown when the division was notionally formed or what it comprised. It was based in British India in 1945.

2998:

A real division that had been disbanded in 1940 was notionally revived in July 1942 and assigned to the defense of

2862: 2526: 2326: 1894: 1821: 1802: 1647: 1578: 1500: 1449: 1315: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1083: 1067: 727: 655: 4194:

The brigade was notionally created in 1942 to inflate the British order of battle in Egypt and was represented by

3489:. This was followed by a fictitious transfer to Greece to reinforce British forces based there (Second Undercut). 3193:, it was provided with a backstory of having arrived on 25 March from the UK. The division comprised the notional 6420: 3852: 3756: 3599: 3556: 3406: 2609:, but no information is known about what it was notionally composed of. In 1945, it was purportedly based in the 1725: 1366: 1295: 1145: 1079: 806:; and Fortitude South that aimed to make the Germans believe that the invasion of France would take place in the 402: 3351: 1855: 1766: 777:. Bodyguard, in turn, consisted of various elements. For the Mediterranean area, the overall deception plan was 6120: 5842: 4378: 3456: 3180: 2249: 2206:. In 1943, it was used to threaten an Allied invasion of Greece (Barclay). During 1944, it notionally moved to 663: 3805:. The division was purportedly held in reserve within the UK and not used in any particular deception effort. 3359: 1311: 6171:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: British Fortunes Reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)

2577:. The actual division was disbanded at the end of July 1944 and the formation was notionally assigned to the 2259: 1408: 6384: 5956: 4160:

In October 1944, this notional brigade was used in a tactical deception effort, purportedly assigned to the

2387: 2076: 1099: 915: 689: 17: 4155: 3828: 3763:. In November 1944, the division was used to threaten a British attack to the west of Arnhem (Trolleycar). 3141: 2751: 67:, and later joined by colleagues located in the UK. The initial efforts were small and created a fictional 6941: 6782: 6407: 6298: 6210: 4029: 3738: 3269: 2402:. In May 1943, the division was renamed the 7th Mixed Division after it was amalgamated with the notional 1058: 766: 290: 2507: 1931: 1663: 1483: 711:

in Africa, to bolster the Italians, the attack did not occur. On 28 March, Clarke's team became known as

6833: 6722: 6471: 6389: 4230:

The brigade was notionally based in British India. No further information is known about the formation.

4161: 3567:

region (Fortitude South II). The division continued to be moved around England before it was disbanded.

2120: 1935: 1610: 1598: 1540: 1475: 1430:(Fortitude South II). In October, the corps was notionally transferred to Belgium to reinforce the real 1287: 651: 87: 4298:

was redesignated. On 14 July 1944, the brigade reverted to being named the 24th Armoured Brigade.

3698: 3176: 3107: 2669: 1880: 1618: 1404: 1396: 786: 3886: 3665: 3633: 3452: 3320: 3255: 2961: 2874: 2708:. In May 1944, the order of battle was changed with the latter brigade being replaced by the notional 2241: 2202:(which notionally contained Greek and French paratroopers). The division was then notionally based in 2124: 1923: 1606: 791: 6873: 6858: 6777: 6669: 6651: 6631: 6245: 6188: 5032:"Badge, Formation, 1st Airborne Division & 6th Airborne Division & 16th Airborne Division TA" 1548: 1269: 888: 880: 708: 670: 3880: 3627: 3111: 2844: 2736: 1265: 6888: 6878: 6792: 6787: 6769: 6705: 6618: 6541: 6514: 6489: 5991: 4105: 4101: 3995: 3834: 3514: 3395: 3184: 2805: 2689: 2566: 2560: 2499: 2383: 2320: 2279: 2245: 2116: 2058: 2054: 1918: 1885:

Originally the notional XVIII Corps prior to being renamed, it was created to control the notional

1869: 1845: 1526: 1518: 1435: 1400: 1388: 1261: 1213: 1075: 1054: 1050: 872: 834: 795: 774: 659: 110: 106: 4042:, in the period of December 1942 to January 1943, to cut off retreating Axis forces following the 2048: 1792: 1640:'s reserve that was being trained in mountain warfare so as to appear ready to fight in the Alps. 1614: 899:(pro-Axis) forces in the Middle East remain on the look-out and return (notional) French-Canadian 6848: 6802: 6797: 6693: 6301: 5966: 3536: 3532: 2570: 2503: 2342: 1479: 854: 830: 770: 674: 98: 94:, which again sought to hide the weakness of British forces and deter potential Axis aggression. 49: 2704:. The notional SDF division controlled the real 2nd SDF Brigade (based in Sudan) and a notional 1090:(FUSAG) for Fortitude South II. In September 1944, the army was used to threaten the 707:

and that the 1st Special Air Service Brigade would raid Rhodes to distract Axis forces. Due to

6914: 6863: 6853: 6843: 6838: 6807: 6657: 6571: 6253: 6224: 6198: 6174: 6166: 6152: 6142: 6128: 6106: 6089: 6081: 6069: 6068:. London: Frederick Muller (for 59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division Reunion Organisation). 6050: 6031: 6014: 5995: 5970: 5944: 5925: 5921: 5899: 5880: 5854: 5362: 4189: 4067: 4025: 3989: 3885:

No information is known about the notional composition of the division, which was assigned to

3448: 3316: 3265: 3251: 3172: 2993: 2904: 2840: 2783: 2675: 2495: 2449: 2439: 2373: 2165: 2161: 1965: 1876: 1835: 1594: 1471: 1253: 1249: 1159: 1071: 1046: 1040: 743: 685: 118: 91: 6146: 6028:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: Victory in the Mediterranean Part II: June to October 1944

1422:. In June 1944, the corps moved to England (Tweezer) and was reinforced by the notional 6883: 6868: 6535: 6267: 6214: 5913: 3362:(Vendetta). From December 1944 to the end of the war, the division was purportedly based in 1303: 1063: 850: 666: 3636:

in 1945, with the role of training to take part in the purported attack on Sumatra (Fang).

2684:

was redesignated as the 12th Division (SDF). The division was assigned the insignia of the

1294:

and southern Greece, in an effort to divert Axis attention away from Italy and the pending

6530: 6494: 6451: 6356: 5295: 5031: 4869: 4203: 3985: 3969: 3760: 3603: 3528: 2929:, Syria, as part of a deception effort that purposed a British advance through a friendly 2578: 2346: 2195: 1762: 1637: 1629: 1568: 1431: 1205: 1169: 934: 892: 739: 719: 681: 79: 53: 6681: 2468:

and inflated the order of battle of the Ninth Army. It was disbanded on 31 October 1943.

1668:

The notional corps was activated in Egypt, composed entirely of fictional divisions (the

1274:

Initially created as a formation based in Egypt and Palestine, it contained the notional

4322:

Notionally based in British India. No further information is known about the formation.

3068: 3037: 2898: 2834: 2777: 1988:

in November 1945, as part of an Allied assault on the country (Sceptical and Slippery).

6893: 6699: 6663: 6361: 4035: 3285: 3166: 2870: 2238:

Light blue lightning bolt on a dark red field; replaced by the Pegasus badge in 1945.

1685: 1522: 1392: 1242:

A seal balancing a globe on its nose, which showed the eastern hemisphere. Designed by

152: 3732: 7109: 6711: 6645: 6608: 6585: 6499: 6328: 5985: 5960: 4039: 3708: 3564: 3418: 3003: 2701: 2522: 2211: 1844:, which was created to pose a threat to Norway. When the Fourth Army was revived for 1427: 1307: 838: 807: 647: 131: 60: 6148:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans Come to the Help of their Ally (1941)

4870:"Badge, HQ Palestine and Transjordan & British Troops Palestine and Transjordan" 3461:

This notional division was formed in North Africa on 9 November 1943, when the

1070:. The army threaten an Allied invasion of German-occupied Norway in 1943 as part of 6717: 6687: 6675: 6461: 6305: 3389: 2697: 1322:

during 1945. This deception was dropped when an actual Twelfth Army was activated.

896: 868: 759: 747: 102: 45: 41: 6125:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)

3784: 3659: 3588: 4072:

Formed in 1942 as part of Operation Cascade and included in the Cyprus garrison.

3675:

be used to reinforce the notional order of battle if needed, but was never used.

2337:(which was disbanded in Sicily at the end of June 1944 after masquerading as the 6466: 6456: 3442: 3355: 2267: 919: 842: 803: 782: 677:, Clarke undertook his first effort to create an entirely fictitious formation. 83: 2696:

in North Africa. After the Allied victory in North Africa, it was based in the

1298:(Operation Husky). By early 1944, the army had notionally been reinforced by a 746:. The initial objective, outlined in March 1942, was to deter a potential 6504: 6481: 6434: 6202: 6018: 5876: 5167: 5165: 4377:

Infantry Brigade. In June 1942, the real New Zealand Division was renamed the

4195: 4115: 2610: 1969: 1730: 1078:. For this second effort, the army comprised real formations and the notional 72: 6228: 5948: 3132:. Between January and March 1944, the division was notionally transferred to 2290:

for a physical presence, the notional division covered the withdrawal of the

2218:, and was used to threaten an attack upon German-occupied Greece (Zeppelin). 802:

and split into two: Fortitude North, which sought to create a threat towards

6603: 6379: 6093: 6073: 5850: 4347: 4118:

for deception purposes. The brigade's dummy tanks were used to simulate the

3552: 3117: 2746: 2518: 2207: 1415: 1243: 900: 755: 704: 2178:. In April 1943, the 4th Brigade departed and was replaced by the notional 32: 6105:. War, Armed Forces and Society. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 4350:

in early 1945. No other information is known about the phantom formation.

6509: 5841:

Barbier, Mary Kathryn (2007) . "Deception and the Planning of D-Day". In

4165: 2692:(SDF) provided a security force on the lines of communication behind the 2254:

The division was notionally created at the end of 1943 and comprised the

1981: 1976:

and isolate the port (Claw). In June 1945, the corps reinforced the real

859: 751: 680:

Operation Abeam was the codename given for the creation of the fictional

4391:

did not provide a date for when it was removed from the order of battle.

6563: 6371: 3190: 1985: 1625: 1319: 1199: 1009:

Third Army, German intelligence believed that one had been formed from

799: 773:. The planning of this included a deception element that was codenamed 68: 2554: 2448:

and the various administrative units that it controlled, and provided

1465: 5274: 5272: 4123: 2930: 2926: 2174:

The notional division was formed in Egypt, and based upon the actual

2084: 1973: 1961: 1684:. The corps was used to threaten an invasion of several of the Greek 1439: 1095: 876: 700: 114: 6103:

The Commonwealth Armies: Manpower and Organisation in Two World Wars

3140:. In 1945, it notionally returned to Ceylon and was assigned to the 1382: 7116:

Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II

4130:. From 26 May to 14 July 1944, the brigade was redesignated as the 2808:. In November 1943, the division was notionally converted into the 2489: 1660:

Phoenix bearing a torch, emerging from red flames on a white field

1628:

area of Italy (Oakfield), in an attempt to protect and support the

4127: 3482: 3363: 3133: 2999: 2793: 2789: 1633: 1291: 1173: 817: 31: 6026:

Jackson, William; Gleave, T. P. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).

6011:

British Intelligence in the Second World War: Strategic Deception

5896:

Formation Badges of World War 2. Britain, Commonwealth and Empire

829:

Deception formations was not limited to British forces. Notional

669:. After assisting with Operation Camilla, the deception plan for 6930:

The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War

5987:

The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War

2754:

and used in deception plans for the invasion of Sumatra (Fang).

2080: 1419: 1091: 6945: 6271: 6221:

Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–45

4819:, pp. 2–3, 37, 64–65, 242–245, 305–306, 327–329, 334–335; 3958: 3955: 2021: 2018: 1355: 1352: 980: 977: 4294:

A dummy tank brigade formed in Egypt on 26 May 1944, when the

4262:. On 23 August 1943, the brigade was redesignated as the 3961: 3952: 2341:). The Germans were informed that the division was located at 2079:, FUSAG and the division were used to present a threat to the 2024: 2015: 1872:

on a yellow field, based on the insignia of British HQ Cyprus

1358: 1349: 983: 974: 864: 48:

made extensive use of fictional formations as part of various

4800: 4798: 1172:

until the end of the war, and believed it to be based around

703:. A deception plan was formed to suggest the real target was 6250:

New Zealand Army Distinguishing Patches, 1911-1991: Part One

5315: 5313: 891:. In Palestine, British intelligence created an influx of 822:

Map depicting the targets of all the subordinate plans of

5873:

Dilemmas of the Desert War: The Libyan Campaign 1940–1942

5263: 5002: 4998: 4856: 2158:

An open white parachute with black wings on a blue field

82:. This notional formation was aimed to take advantage of 4034:

The notional formation was used to feign a landing near

1086:. In July 1944, the formation joined the deceptive 6972:

British military formations during the Second World War

6197:. The Canadian Army 1939–1945. Ottawa: King's Printer. 4453: 4451: 1972:, Burma, which would cut off any Japanese retreat from 78:

Clarke's initial order-of-battle deception created the

7121:

Lists of military units and formations of World War II

5820: 5818: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5432: 5430: 3889:

in 1945 and the purported invasion of Sumatra (Fang).

5296:"Badge, Internal Security Force, Sudan Defence Force" 4893:, pp. 368–369, 597, 601, 809, 816, 819–820, 913. 4114:

was redesignated, to organised the use of inflatable

3350:. In 1944, the division was assigned to the notional 2921:. By May 1944, the division had been assigned to the 1968:. The corps was then used to threaten a landing near 1438:

in its final deception to threaten an attack west of

895:

at various money exchanges, and also requested that

105:-occupied Western Europe. A major deception effort, 7082: 7029: 7003: 6977: 6906: 6826: 6768: 6761: 6735: 6638: 6626: 6617: 6596: 6580: 6562: 6555: 6523: 6480: 6442: 6433: 6398: 6370: 6342: 6319: 6312: 6049:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. 3213:(Wantage). In 1944, it was transferred to the real 3016:

Royal Marine Mobile Naval Base Defense Organization

1716:The notional corps was created to command the real 769:began planning for a major offensive that aimed to 730:, a similar unit to 'A' Force but based in the UK. 86:fears of British paratrooper forces being based in 1571:in Belgium, and it was disbanded in January 1945. 6086:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence 3136:(Wantage), and then was assigned to the notional 1318:, and was used to threaten an Allied invasion of 781:that aimed to create an Allied threat to various 2182:(which consisted of the notional 6th Battalion, 1980:, and was then used to project a threat towards 684:. This brigade was placed to notionally support 6169:; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). 6161:– via Hyperwar Foundation (1956 version). 6145:; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). 6123:; et al. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.). 2861:. In May 1944, it was assigned to the notional 1984:. The corps was notionally to land and assault 1434:(Imperil). In November, it was attached to the 875:. These double agents were used to feed German 6223:. Wellington: Historical Publications Branch. 3288:and Sicily and was disbanded on 17 June 1944. 1840:The corps formed part of the initial notional 1306:. The army was then notionally transferred to 1102:. By November, the army included the notional 56:. The use of such formations was pioneered by 6957: 6283: 6047:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945 4926: 3189:Notionally formed in May 1943 and located in 2688:, which had been disbanded in July 1940. The 2325:The division was created to form part of the 1290:. The army was used to pose a threat towards 650:, who had previously been engaged in various 625: 8: 6922:British Intelligence in the Second World War 6088:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus. 4620:, pp. 23, 26, 35, 46, 49, 225–226, 402. 4584:, pp. 502, 534–535, 538, 808, 829, 839. 3759:and transferred to Europe, to reinforce the 18:British deception formations in World War II 3624:Castle flanked by dolphins, with a trident 3221:which moved to the Middle East (Penknife). 3014:. The division was portrayed by the actual 1098:area, to divert German attention away from 6964: 6950: 6942: 6765: 6623: 6559: 6439: 6316: 6290: 6276: 6268: 5847:The Normandy Campaign 1944: Sixty Years On 4945:, pp. 64–65, 75, 163, 245, 326, 334; 4905:, pp. 37, 65–66, 140, 217, 296, 323; 3937: 3329:This notional division revived the actual 3144:for a purported attack on Sumatra (Fang). 2605:The notional division was assigned to the 2000: 1334: 959: 754: – if the Germans succeeded in their 632: 618: 603:Lists of British Army units and formations 146: 4918: 4224:Triangle within a circle within a square 2877:to threaten an attack on Sumatra (Fang). 2571:Allied invasion of German-occupied France 1940:The notional corps consisted of the real 1310:, where it was composed of the imaginary 715:, with the 'A' purposely left ambiguous. 5548: 4330:104th Special Service (Commando) Brigade 4272: 4236: 4078: 3400:An actual division that was part of the 3378:55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division 3331:42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division 2788:This notional division was based in the 2410:and 41st Indian Brigades along with the 1801:This notional corps was assigned to the 798:. It was planned by a department called 168:French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 5962:Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign 5745: 5684: 5664: 5644: 5568: 5512: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5219: 5148: 5108: 5092: 5052: 5014: 4982: 4942: 4902: 4832: 4816: 4804: 4729: 4717: 4636:, pp. 36, 69, 89–92, 107, 126–127. 4629: 4605: 4577: 4423: 4369: 3913:The formation notionally comprised the 2933:in order to invade Greece (Turpitude). 2581:, but not used in any particular plan. 503: 460: 386: 328: 237: 199: 167: 160: 6444:Middle East Cmd Camouflage Directorate 5809: 5793: 5777: 5749: 5688: 5668: 5648: 5628: 5588: 5584: 5552: 5532: 5516: 5488: 5472: 5417: 5278: 5255: 5251: 5223: 5203: 5187: 5171: 5152: 4961:, pp. 595, 607–608, 623, 914–915. 4938: 4705: 4681: 3575:59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division 3366:, Italy, and assigned to the notional 3120:in late 1942, and was composed of the 2642:Axis advance. In March 1941, the real 1535:. It notionally consisted of the real 6252:. Wellington: M. Thomas and C. Lord. 5508: 3417:to threaten an Allied landing in the 2569:, the initial deception plan for the 1891:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division 1680:), and was assigned to the imaginary 1591:A black wolf's head on a white field 65:Mediterranean and Middle East theatre 7: 5943:. London: Hazell, Watson and Viney. 5920:. Men-At-Arms. Vol. 2. London: 5824: 5797: 5781: 5765: 5753: 5733: 5721: 5709: 5692: 5672: 5652: 5632: 5616: 5604: 5592: 5572: 5556: 5536: 5520: 5504: 5492: 5476: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5421: 5405: 5393: 5381: 5331: 5319: 5282: 5259: 5239: 5227: 5207: 5191: 5175: 5156: 5136: 5124: 5112: 5096: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5018: 4994: 4970: 4958: 4946: 4922: 4906: 4890: 4852: 4848: 4836: 4820: 4789: 4777: 4765: 4753: 4741: 4693: 4669: 4657: 4645: 4633: 4617: 4593: 4581: 4565: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4517: 4505: 4493: 4481: 4469: 4457: 4442: 4430: 4411:alive through to the end of the war. 3949: 3946: 3943: 3551:. It was purportedly based south of 3264:was based in Sicily and assigned to 3002:. It was composed of the fictitious 2012: 2009: 2006: 1960:. The corps was notionally based in 1346: 1343: 1340: 971: 968: 965: 5115:, pp. 683, 686, 821, 838, 916. 4632:, pp. xi–xii xix, 72–74, 219; 4110:Formed on 23 August 1943, when the 3485:, Italy, and assigned to the bogus 3467:57th (2nd West Lancashire) Division 3116:The division notionally arrived in 2743:21st (East Africa) Infantry Brigade 2192:161st (Gurkha) Parachute Battalions 1956:. It later included the fictitious 1515:Scallop shell on a blue background 5083:, pp. 681–683, 762, 815, 916. 4909:, pp. 587, 643, 836, 912–913. 4855:, pp. 238, 616–617, 819–820; 4556:, pp. 477, 598, 811, 842–843. 3755:. It was assigned to the notional 27:Fictional British units during WW2 25: 6101:Perry, Frederick William (1988). 5918:British Battle Insignia 1939–1940 5898:. London: Arms and Armour Press. 3962: 3563:in the threat towards the French 3335:converted to an armoured division 2025: 1359: 984: 6066:The 59th Division: Its War Story 4508:, pp. 31–32, 814, 918, 924. 4122:, which was notionally based at 3827: 3783: 3731: 3697: 3658: 3587: 3441: 3388: 3309: 3244: 3165: 3100: 3067: 3036: 2919:88th Motorised Infantry Brigades 2897: 2833: 2776: 2686:12th (Eastern) Infantry Division 2668: 2553: 2488: 2047: 1791: 1537:52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division 1464: 1381: 1198: 1039: 790:Cascade and Wantage allowed for 151: 97:In 1943, planning began for the 7126:Fictional units of World War II 3970:1st Special Air Service Brigade 3602:that had notionally joined the 3539:. It notionally controlled the 3527:order of battle at the time of 2682:1st Sudan Defence Force Brigade 2196:1st Special Air Service Brigade 1074:, and again in 1944 as part of 771:liberate German-occupied France 713:Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force 682:1st Special Air Service Brigade 546:Territorial Force Units in 1908 80:1st Special Air Service Brigade 6194:An Official Historical Summary 5017:, pp. 327, 333, 453–454; 3523:was removed from the notional 3511:Stag's head on a black square 2849:Notionally converted from the 2589:10th African Airborne Division 2180:6th (Gurkha) Parachute Brigade 1966:a successful British offensive 1088:First United States Army Group 924:Spring 1945 offensive in Italy 724:7th Infantry Division (Cyprus) 709:German reinforcements arriving 688:against Italian forces in the 557:Territorial Army units in 2012 371:Royal Armoured Corps regiments 1: 4720:, pp. xii, 164–166, 282. 4596:, pp. 897, 926, 930–933. 4306:103rd Special Service Brigade 4164:, and was concentrating near 2873:training, and reinforced the 2264:Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) 1426:to threaten a landing in the 533:Yeomanry Regiments converted- 4352: 4342: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4300: 4290: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4268: 4254: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4232: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4208: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4170: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4136: 4100: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4074: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4048: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4013: 4004: 3984: 3981: 3978: 3973: 3927: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3891: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867:83rd (West African) Division 3861: 3833: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3807: 3789: 3782: 3779: 3774: 3765: 3737: 3730: 3727: 3722: 3713: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3677: 3664: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3638: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3608: 3593: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3569: 3533:sent into action in Normandy 3513: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3491: 3447: 3440: 3437: 3432: 3423: 3394: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3372: 3315: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3290: 3250: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3223: 3171: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3146: 3106: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3083: 3073: 3066: 3063: 3058: 3048: 3042: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3020: 3012:38th Indian Infantry Brigade 2992: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2970: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2935: 2903: 2896: 2893: 2888: 2879: 2839: 2832: 2829: 2824: 2814: 2782: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2756: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2724: 2721:13th (East African) Division 2714: 2710:38th Indian Infantry Brigade 2674: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2648: 2638:10th Armoured Division Plan 2637: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2615: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2583: 2559: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2535: 2494: 2487: 2484: 2479: 2470: 2438: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2416: 2400:14th Indian Infantry Brigade 2371: 2368: 2365: 2360: 2351: 2319: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2297: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2229: 2220: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2149: 2140: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2097: 2053: 2046: 2041: 2036: 1990: 1922: 1916: 1913: 1908: 1899: 1895:1st Indian Infantry Division 1874: 1867: 1864: 1859: 1850: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1815: 1805:and composed of the factual 1797: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1771: 1757: 1754: 1749: 1744: 1735: 1712: 1709: 1704: 1699: 1690: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1651: 1642: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1582: 1573: 1517: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1495: 1470: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1444: 1387: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1324: 1286:in addition to the notional 1248: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1221: 1204: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1178: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1140: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1112: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1024: 1015: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 179:Armies, corps, and divisions 5178:, pp. 31–32, 814, 918. 4260:Second Battle of El Alamein 4044:Second Battle of El Alamein 3055:32nd Division (Air Transit) 2745:was dispatched to garrison 2369:Black cat on a white field 2339:40th Infantry Division 1954:89th Armoured Brigade Group 1543:, as well as the fictional 905:Second Battle of El Alamein 7142: 6344:London Controlling Section 5151:, pp. 245, 296, 334; 4345: 4321: 4293: 4257: 4229: 4193: 4176:33rd Armoured Brigade 4159: 4142:27th Armoured Brigade 4109: 4071: 4033: 3993: 3912: 3884: 3838: 3792: 3742: 3706: 3669: 3631: 3596: 3518: 3460: 3399: 3328: 3259: 3188: 3115: 3076: 3045: 2997: 2959: 2912: 2848: 2806:200th Guards Motor Brigade 2787: 2740: 2679: 2640: 2604: 2564: 2515: 2443: 2377: 2324: 2253: 2214:, as part of the notional 2173: 2132: 2062: 1950:32nd Air Transit Divisions 1939: 1884: 1875:Cyprus Defense Plan 1941, 1848:, the corps was not used. 1839: 1803:First Allied Airborne Army 1800: 1760: 1715: 1667: 1622: 1541:Norwegian infantry brigade 1530: 1487: 1412: 1300:division of Greek soldiers 1273: 1217: 1163: 1133: 1062: 1007: 728:London Controlling Section 720:German occupation of Crete 227:Second Boer War formations 6421:Soviet military deception 6416: 5756:, pp. 222, 603, 610. 5515:, pp. 65, 152, 326; 5361:. SevenOaks. p. 32. 5139:, pp. 617, 821, 917. 5095:, pp. 221–222, 306; 4927:Jackson & Gleave 2004 4823:, pp. 486, 912, 915. 4445:, pp. 10–12, 15, 18. 4328: 4304: 4212: 4174: 4140: 4052: 4008: 3968: 3895: 3865: 3811: 3769: 3717: 3681: 3642: 3612: 3573: 3495: 3427: 3376: 3295: 3228: 3151: 3088: 3053: 3024: 2974: 2940: 2883: 2819: 2760: 2719: 2652: 2619: 2587: 2539: 2474: 2420: 2355: 2301: 2224: 2144: 2101: 2031: 1903: 1854: 1820: 1775: 1739: 1694: 1646: 1577: 1499: 1448: 1365: 1296:Allied invasion of Sicily 1226: 1182: 1144: 1116: 1019: 990: 756:southern spring offensive 520:Royal Artillery Batteries 376:Royal Artillery regiments 211:Formations during the era 52:efforts to inflate their 6985:Commands and Army Groups 6009:Howard, Michael (1990). 5941:Hazell's Annual for 1910 5894:Cole, Howard N. (1973). 5619:, pp. 498–499, 923. 5595:, pp. 912–913, 923. 5451:, pp. 920–921, 927. 5396:, pp. 603, 919–920. 5230:, pp. 808, 918–919. 5127:, pp. 598–599, 916. 5071:, pp. 32, 915, 927. 4792:, pp. 413, 680–685. 4780:, pp. 395–400, 680. 4379:2nd New Zealand Division 3268:duties along the Allied 2284:King's Royal Rifle Corps 2113:A white winged scimitar 2073:13th Airlanding Brigades 654:and had helped form the 515:Commands and Army groups 7049:Commonwealth and Empire 6385:Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh 6211:Stevens, William George 6045:Joslen, H. F. (2003) . 5984:Holt, Thaddeus (2004). 5849:. London and New York: 5571:, pp. 67–68, 152; 5357:Holms, Richard (2019). 4010:7th Air Landing Brigade 3849:211th Infantry Brigades 3803:209th Infantry Brigades 3753:215th Infantry Brigades 3549:175th Infantry Brigades 3479:172nd Infantry Brigades 3348:149th Infantry Brigades 3282:121st Infantry Brigades 3130:109th Infantry Brigades 2859:77th Motorised Brigades 2821:15th Motorised Division 2810:15th Motorised Division 2613:area of British India. 2388:Western Desert campaign 2333:and briefly the actual 2260:Highland Light infantry 2077:Operation Market Garden 1917:A depiction of the god 1722:61st Infantry Divisions 1678:34th Infantry Divisions 1418:to advance and capture 1100:Operation Market Garden 916:Roger Fleetwood-Hesketh 690:Western Desert campaign 488:Generals and brigadiers 477:Serving senior officers 6783:D-Day naval deceptions 6248:; Lord, Cliff (1995). 6064:Knight, Peter (1954). 5939:Hall, Hammond (1910). 5724:, pp. 22–23, 925. 4859:, pp. 1, 412–413. 4120:20th Armoured Division 3923:74th Infantry Brigades 3672:61st Infantry Division 3270:lines of communication 3230:40th Infantry Division 3203:83rd Armoured Brigades 3026:26th Armoured Division 2885:20th Armoured Division 2851:15th Armoured Division 2804:, as well as the real 2802:35th Armoured Brigades 2762:15th Armoured Division 2706:182nd Infantry Brigade 2621:10th Armoured Division 2466:40th Infantry Brigades 2396:Syria–Lebanon campaign 2392:23rd Infantry Brigades 2335:43rd Infantry Brigades 2272:9th Airlanding Brigade 2200:7th Parachute Brigades 2093:6th Airborne Divisions 1561:5th Armoured Divisions 1553:61st Infantry Division 826: 694:10th Armoured Division 291:Entrenching battalions 286:Provisional battalions 37: 6978:Higher level commands 6390:List of Ops (B) staff 6189:Stacey, Charles Perry 5752:, pp. 173, 186; 5298:. Imperial War Museum 5034:. Imperial War Museum 4925:, pp. 622, 914; 4872:. Imperial War Museum 4296:24th Armoured Brigade 4274:87th Armoured Brigade 4264:24th Armoured Brigade 4238:74th Armoured Brigade 4162:3rd Canadian Division 4132:87th Armoured Brigade 4112:74th Armoured Brigade 4080:24th Armoured Brigade 4054:10th Armoured Brigade 4000:4th Airborne Division 3950:Date ceased to exist 3521:3rd Infantry Division 3463:42nd Infantry Brigade 3262:43rd Infantry Brigade 3219:1st Infantry Division 2733:African Buffalo head 2680:On 11 July 1942, the 2644:2nd Armoured Division 2599:African Buffalo head 2541:9th Armoured Division 2476:8th Armoured Division 2452:within Syria for the 2372:Cyprus Defense Plan, 2357:7th Division (Cyprus) 2303:5th Armoured Division 2292:1st Airborne Division 2288:2nd Parachute Brigade 2286:). Using the genuine 2226:5th Airborne Division 2176:4th Parachute Brigade 2146:4th Airborne Division 2103:3rd Airborne Division 2033:2nd Airborne Division 2013:Date ceased to exist 1958:3rd Airborne Division 1946:10th African Airborne 1887:7th Division (Cyprus) 1811:2nd Airborne Division 1624:used to threaten the 1424:2nd Airborne Division 1347:Date ceased to exist 972:Date ceased to exist 877:military intelligence 821: 568:Current Reserve Units 222:Crimean War divisions 35: 6632:John Cecil Masterman 5853:. pp. 170–184. 5768:, pp. 824, 924. 5736:, pp. 844, 925. 5607:, pp. 923, 927. 5555:, pp. 92, 287; 5535:, pp. 92, 287; 5475:, pp. 67, 288; 5408:, pp. 682, 920. 5384:, pp. 919, 927. 5322:, pp. 927, 931. 5264:Playfair et al. 2004 5210:, pp. 843, 918. 5099:, pp. 588, 916. 5055:, pp. 2–3, 65; 5003:Playfair et al. 2004 4999:Playfair et al. 2004 4973:, pp. 915, 918. 4949:, pp. 836, 914. 4857:Playfair et al. 2004 4568:, pp. 498, 821. 4544:, pp. 226, 598. 4346:Notionally based in 3934:Independent brigades 3142:XXXVIII Indian Corps 2529:of the equally fake 2422:8th Division (Syria) 1758:Cyprus Defense Plan 1549:US Ranger battalions 1547:and three imaginary 1316:XXXVIII Indian Corps 889:Mandate of Palestine 302:Tunnelling companies 7064:(101–308 and named) 6706:Werner von Janowski 6619:Double-Cross System 6515:George Vander Sluis 6490:Louis Dalton Porter 5675:, pp. 923–924. 5495:, pp. 921–922. 5491:, pp. 29, 68; 5222:, pp. 37, 50; 4941:, pp. 19, 26; 4929:, pp. 322–323. 4839:, pp. 912–913. 4807:, pp. 169–170. 4768:, pp. 402–412. 3996:Special Air Service 3940: 3079:XXVI Airborne Corps 2925:and was based near 2853:, it comprised the 2690:Sudan Defence Force 2654:12th Division (SDF) 2521:, British-occupied 2446:5th Cavalry Brigade 2436:Crossed battleaxes 2406:, and composed the 2404:1st Indian Division 2280:Royal Ulster Rifles 2210:, British-occupied 2136:XXVI Airborne Corps 2003: 1942:9th Indian Airborne 1905:XXVI Airborne Corps 1436:First Canadian Army 1337: 962: 873:Double-Cross System 796:Operation Fortitude 775:Operation Bodyguard 660:Middle East Command 111:Operation Fortitude 107:Operation Bodyguard 63:, based within the 6694:Nathalie Sergueiew 6313:Deception planning 6302:military deception 6216:Problems of 2 NZEF 6167:Playfair, I. S. O. 6143:Playfair, I. S. O. 6121:Playfair, I. S. O. 6082:Mackenzie, Compton 5967:Overlook Hardcover 5281:, pp. 56–57; 5262:, pp. 23–26; 3938: 3835:Fortitude South II 3360:Clermont-l'Hérault 2607:XVI Airborne Corps 2412:1st Cyprus Brigade 2343:Newmarket, Suffolk 2321:Fortitude South II 2282:; 15th Battalion, 2266:; 12th Battalion, 2117:Fortitude South II 2059:Fortitude South II 2002:List of divisions 2001: 1777:XIX Airborne Corps 1527:Fortitude South II 1401:Fortitude South II 1335: 1104:XIX Airborne Corps 1055:Fortitude South II 960: 827: 779:Operation Zeppelin 675:British Somaliland 658:, was assigned to 645:Lieutenant-Colonel 535:to Royal Artillery 162:British Army lists 123:Operation Zeppelin 58:Lieutenant-Colonel 50:military deception 38: 7103: 7102: 6939: 6938: 6915:Bodyguard of Lies 6902: 6901: 6731: 6730: 6658:Roman Czerniawski 6652:Juan Pujol García 6592: 6591: 6572:David Strangeways 6556:Operational units 6551: 6550: 6429: 6428: 6259:978-0-47303-288-3 6180:978-1-84574-067-2 6158:978-1-84574-066-5 6134:978-1-84574-065-8 6112:978-0-71902-595-2 6056:978-1-84342-474-1 6037:978-1-845-74071-9 6001:978-0-743-25042-9 5976:978-1-585-67075-8 5931:978-0-85045-739-1 5914:Chappell, Michael 5905:978-0-85368-078-9 5886:978-1-86227-153-1 5860:978-0-415-44942-7 4520:, pp. 41–43. 4484:, pp. 24–25. 4472:, pp. 23–34. 4460:, pp. 21–22. 4356: 4355: 4214:42nd Tank Brigade 4200:33rd Tank Brigade 3939:List of brigades 3931: 3930: 3266:internal security 2450:internal security 2386:(fighting in the 2278:; 5th Battalion, 2262:; 8th Battalion, 2184:6th Gurkha Rifles 1994: 1993: 1555:and the notional 1442:(Trolleycar II). 1328: 1327: 1072:Operation Tindall 787:Operation Wantage 765:During 1943, the 744:Operation Cascade 652:intelligence work 642: 641: 119:Normandy landings 99:Allied reconquest 92:Operation Cascade 16:(Redirected from 7133: 7059:Infantry (1–100) 6966: 6959: 6952: 6943: 6766: 6627:Twenty Committee 6624: 6560: 6536:Jasper Maskelyne 6440: 6317: 6292: 6285: 6278: 6269: 6263: 6232: 6206: 6184: 6162: 6138: 6116: 6097: 6077: 6060: 6041: 6022: 6005: 5980: 5952: 5935: 5909: 5890: 5864: 5828: 5822: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5791: 5785: 5775: 5769: 5763: 5757: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5696: 5682: 5676: 5662: 5656: 5642: 5636: 5626: 5620: 5614: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5582: 5576: 5566: 5560: 5546: 5540: 5530: 5524: 5511:, pp. 4–6; 5502: 5496: 5486: 5480: 5470: 5464: 5458: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5434: 5425: 5415: 5409: 5403: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5359:D-Day Remembered 5354: 5335: 5329: 5323: 5317: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5292: 5286: 5276: 5267: 5249: 5243: 5237: 5231: 5217: 5211: 5201: 5195: 5185: 5179: 5169: 5160: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5128: 5122: 5116: 5106: 5100: 5090: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5028: 5022: 5012: 5006: 4992: 4986: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4936: 4930: 4916: 4910: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4866: 4860: 4846: 4840: 4835:, pp. 2–3; 4830: 4824: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4727: 4721: 4715: 4709: 4703: 4697: 4691: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4627: 4621: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4585: 4575: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4446: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4285: 4280: 4249: 4244: 4093: 4086: 4016: 3976: 3964: 3941: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3787: 3777: 3735: 3725: 3701: 3694: 3689: 3662: 3655: 3650: 3591: 3581: 3537:Windsor, England 3531:(in order to be 3519:When the actual 3508: 3503: 3445: 3435: 3402:Territorial Army 3392: 3313: 3303: 3248: 3241: 3236: 3169: 3159: 3104: 3071: 3061: 3040: 2987: 2982: 2901: 2891: 2837: 2827: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2727: 2672: 2665: 2660: 2632: 2627: 2557: 2547: 2492: 2482: 2433: 2428: 2394:(engaged in the 2390:), and the real 2363: 2314: 2309: 2274:(4th Battalion, 2258:(8th Battalion, 2232: 2152: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2027: 2004: 1911: 1862: 1795: 1788: 1783: 1752: 1747: 1724:, when the fake 1707: 1702: 1654: 1585: 1545:US 55th Division 1512: 1507: 1468: 1461: 1456: 1385: 1378: 1373: 1361: 1338: 1304:Province of Pola 1288:III Polish Corps 1239: 1234: 1202: 1195: 1190: 1108:Northern Command 1064:Scottish Command 1043: 1034: 1027: 1011:Northern Command 986: 963: 950: 949: 945: 942: 893:Canadian dollars 792:Operation Foynes 750:assault via the 671:the reoccupation 667:Archibald Wavell 634: 627: 620: 329:Second World War 318:Cavalry generals 275:Reserve Brigades 156: 155: 147: 42:Second World War 21: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7130: 7106: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7078: 7074:Special Service 7025: 6999: 6973: 6970: 6940: 6935: 6898: 6822: 6757: 6736:Fictional units 6727: 6634: 6613: 6588: 6576: 6547: 6531:Ernest Townsend 6519: 6495:Ellsworth Kelly 6476: 6452:Geoffrey Barkas 6425: 6412: 6394: 6366: 6357:Dennis Wheatley 6338: 6308: 6296: 6266: 6260: 6246:Thomas, Malcolm 6244: 6240: 6238:Further reading 6235: 6209: 6187: 6181: 6165: 6159: 6141: 6135: 6119: 6113: 6100: 6080: 6063: 6057: 6044: 6038: 6025: 6008: 6002: 5983: 5977: 5955: 5938: 5932: 5912: 5906: 5893: 5887: 5875:. Staplehurst: 5869:Carver, Michael 5867: 5861: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5823: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5796:, p. 186; 5792: 5788: 5780:, p. 206; 5776: 5772: 5764: 5760: 5748:, p. 302; 5744: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5720: 5716: 5708: 5699: 5691:, p. 103; 5687:, p. 246; 5683: 5679: 5671:, p. 100; 5667:, p. 246; 5663: 5659: 5647:, p. 246; 5643: 5639: 5627: 5623: 5615: 5611: 5603: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5567: 5563: 5547: 5543: 5531: 5527: 5507:, p. 210; 5503: 5499: 5487: 5483: 5471: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5447: 5443: 5435: 5428: 5416: 5412: 5404: 5400: 5392: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5369: 5356: 5355: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5318: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5294: 5293: 5289: 5277: 5270: 5266:, pp. 1–9. 5250: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5218: 5214: 5202: 5198: 5186: 5182: 5170: 5163: 5155:, p. 288; 5147: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5123: 5119: 5111:, p. 184; 5107: 5103: 5091: 5087: 5079: 5075: 5067: 5063: 5051: 5047: 5037: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5025: 5013: 5009: 5005:, pp. 204. 5001:, p. 190; 4997:, p. 915; 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4937: 4933: 4921:, p. 593; 4917: 4913: 4901: 4897: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4868: 4867: 4863: 4847: 4843: 4831: 4827: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4776: 4772: 4764: 4760: 4752: 4748: 4740: 4736: 4728: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4692: 4688: 4680: 4676: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4628: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4604: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4576: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4552: 4548: 4540: 4536: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4449: 4441: 4437: 4429: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4409: 4405: 4399: 4395: 4389: 4385: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4283: 4278: 4247: 4242: 4204:21st Army Group 4095:End of the war 4094: 4091: 4087: 4084: 4014: 3974: 3956:Deception plan 3944:Formation name 3936: 3822: 3817: 3780:End of the war 3775: 3761:21st Army Group 3728:End of the war 3723: 3692: 3687: 3653: 3648: 3634:XX Indian Corps 3604:21st Army Group 3584:End of the war 3579: 3529:Exercise Fabius 3506: 3501: 3457:Second Undercut 3438:End of the war 3433: 3385:End of the war 3333:which had been 3306:End of the war 3301: 3291: 3239: 3234: 3224: 3181:Second Undercut 3162:End of the war 3157: 3147: 3097:End of the war 3084: 3064:End of the war 3059: 3049: 2985: 2980: 2966:Fourteenth Army 2962:XX Indian Corps 2949:End of the war 2936: 2889: 2875:XX Indian Corps 2830:End of the war 2825: 2815: 2771: 2766: 2730:End of the war 2725: 2715: 2663: 2658: 2630: 2625: 2579:21st Army Group 2567:Appendix Y 2550:End of the war 2545: 2480: 2431: 2426: 2361: 2347:21st Army Group 2317:A blue lobster 2312: 2307: 2250:Second Undercut 2235:End of the war 2230: 2150: 2110:End of the war 2042: 2037: 2019:Deception plan 2007:Formation name 1999: 1944:, and the fake 1914:End of the war 1909: 1870:passant gardant 1860: 1846:Fortitude North 1816: 1786: 1781: 1763:Battle of Crete 1750: 1745: 1705: 1700: 1652: 1638:15th Army Group 1588:End of the war 1583: 1569:21st Army Group 1519:Fortitude North 1510: 1505: 1459: 1454: 1432:21st Army Group 1389:Fortitude North 1376: 1371: 1353:Deception plan 1341:Formation name 1333: 1237: 1232: 1222: 1193: 1188: 1170:order of battle 1166:Eastern Command 1136:Eastern Command 1076:Fortitude North 1051:Fortitude North 1035: 1032: 1028: 1025: 978:Deception plan 966:Formation name 961:List of armies 958: 947: 943: 940: 938: 935:Empire of Japan 913: 816: 736: 686:Wavell's attack 638: 607: 602: 593: 577: 561: 550: 539: 534: 524: 497: 481: 472:Senior officers 454: 438: 412: 380: 364: 322: 313:Generals killed 306: 295: 279: 263: 238:First World War 231: 215: 193: 184:Generals killed 150: 145: 143:Initial efforts 140: 54:order of battle 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7139: 7137: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7108: 7107: 7101: 7100: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7054:British Indian 7051: 7046: 7041: 7035: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7023: 7018: 7016:British Indian 7013: 7007: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6946: 6937: 6936: 6934: 6933: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6908: 6904: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6697: 6691: 6685: 6679: 6673: 6670:Günther Schütz 6667: 6664:Roger Grosjean 6661: 6655: 6649: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6628: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6568: 6566: 6557: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6538: 6533: 6527: 6525: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6486: 6484: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6417: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6404: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6364: 6362:Ronald Wingate 6359: 6354: 6348: 6346: 6340: 6339: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6323: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6272: 6265: 6264: 6258: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6207: 6185: 6179: 6163: 6157: 6139: 6133: 6117: 6111: 6098: 6078: 6061: 6055: 6042: 6036: 6023: 6006: 6000: 5981: 5975: 5957:Hesketh, Roger 5953: 5936: 5930: 5910: 5904: 5891: 5885: 5865: 5859: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5827:, p. 925. 5814: 5812:, p. 186. 5802: 5800:, p. 222. 5786: 5784:, p. 924. 5770: 5758: 5738: 5726: 5714: 5712:, p. 924. 5697: 5695:, p. 924. 5677: 5657: 5655:, p. 923. 5651:, p. 99; 5637: 5635:, p. 923. 5631:, p. 49; 5621: 5609: 5597: 5591:, p. 93; 5587:, p. 68; 5577: 5575:, p. 922. 5561: 5559:, p. 922. 5551:, p. 36; 5541: 5539:, p. 922. 5525: 5523:, p. 922. 5519:, p. 90; 5497: 5481: 5479:, p. 921. 5465: 5463:, p. 921. 5453: 5441: 5439:, p. 920. 5426: 5424:, p. 920. 5420:, p. 62; 5410: 5398: 5386: 5374: 5367: 5336: 5334:, p. 919. 5324: 5309: 5287: 5285:, p. 919. 5268: 5258:, p. 25; 5254:, p. 19; 5244: 5242:, p. 931. 5232: 5226:, p. 23; 5212: 5206:, p. 22; 5196: 5194:, p. 918. 5190:, p. 54; 5180: 5174:, p. 52; 5161: 5159:, p. 917. 5141: 5129: 5117: 5101: 5085: 5073: 5061: 5059:, p. 915. 5045: 5023: 5021:, p. 915. 5007: 4987: 4985:, p. 440. 4975: 4963: 4951: 4931: 4919:Mackenzie 1951 4911: 4895: 4883: 4861: 4851:, p. 24; 4841: 4825: 4809: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4758: 4756:, p. 623. 4746: 4744:, p. 604. 4734: 4732:, p. 172. 4722: 4710: 4708:, p. 137. 4698: 4696:, p. 221. 4686: 4674: 4672:, p. 226. 4662: 4650: 4638: 4622: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4580:, p. 28; 4570: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4532:, p. 225. 4522: 4510: 4498: 4486: 4474: 4462: 4447: 4435: 4422: 4414: 4413: 4403: 4393: 4383: 4368: 4367: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4302: 4301: 4299: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4256: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4207: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4158: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4108: 4099: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4032: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 3992: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3883: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3860: 3837: 3832: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3806: 3791: 3788: 3781: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3726: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3705: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3668: 3663: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3630: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3595: 3592: 3585: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3517: 3512: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3459: 3446: 3439: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3398: 3393: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3327: 3314: 3307: 3304: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3286:French Tunisia 3258: 3249: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3187: 3170: 3163: 3160: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3114: 3105: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3082: 3081:in July 1945. 3075: 3072: 3065: 3062: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 2996: 2991: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2958: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2911: 2902: 2895: 2892: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2871:jungle warfare 2847: 2838: 2831: 2828: 2823: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2739: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2713: 2678: 2673: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2647: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2563: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2514: 2493: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2442: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2350: 2323: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2252: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2188:160th (Gurkha) 2172: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2131: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2098: 2096: 2069:12th Parachute 2061: 2052: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1989: 1938: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1898: 1883: 1873: 1866: 1863: 1858: 1852: 1851: 1849: 1838: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1799: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1734: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1691: 1689: 1686:Ionian Islands 1674:15th Motorised 1666: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1644: 1643: 1641: 1621: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1581: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1529: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1494: 1486: 1469: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1411: 1386: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1336:List of corps 1332: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1272: 1247: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1224: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1203: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1114: 1113: 1111: 1061: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1006: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 988: 987: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 957: 954: 912: 909: 835:British Indian 815: 812: 740:lessons learnt 735: 732: 640: 639: 637: 636: 629: 622: 614: 611: 610: 609: 608: 606: 605: 598: 595: 594: 592: 591: 586: 580: 578: 576: 575: 570: 564: 562: 560: 559: 553: 551: 549: 548: 542: 540: 538: 537: 529: 526: 525: 523: 522: 517: 511: 506: 505: 501: 500: 499: 498: 496: 495: 490: 484: 482: 480: 479: 474: 468: 463: 462: 458: 457: 456: 455: 453: 452: 447: 441: 439: 437: 436: 431: 426: 421: 415: 413: 411: 410: 405: 400: 394: 389: 388: 384: 383: 382: 381: 379: 378: 373: 367: 365: 363: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 336: 331: 330: 326: 325: 324: 323: 321: 320: 315: 309: 307: 305: 304: 298: 296: 294: 293: 288: 282: 280: 278: 277: 272: 266: 264: 262: 261: 256: 251: 245: 240: 239: 235: 234: 233: 232: 230: 229: 224: 218: 216: 214: 213: 207: 202: 201: 197: 196: 195: 194: 192: 191: 186: 181: 175: 170: 169: 165: 164: 158: 157: 144: 141: 139: 136: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7138: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7081: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7044:Anti-aircraft 7042: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7028: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6976: 6967: 6962: 6960: 6955: 6953: 6948: 6947: 6944: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6829: 6825: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6724: 6723:Mutt and Jeff 6721: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6712:Eddie Chapman 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6695: 6692: 6689: 6686: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6671: 6668: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6646:Johnny Jebsen 6644: 6643: 6641: 6639:Double agents 6637: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6609:Starfish site 6607: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6586:Beach Jumpers 6583: 6579: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6500:David Slepian 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6432: 6422: 6419: 6418: 6415: 6409: 6408:Peter Fleming 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6397: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6345: 6341: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6329:Dudley Clarke 6327: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6293: 6288: 6286: 6281: 6279: 6274: 6273: 6270: 6261: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6154: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6104: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6048: 6043: 6039: 6033: 6029: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5968: 5965:. Woodstock: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5882: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5843:Buckley, John 5839: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5806: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5790: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5762: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5704: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5549:Chappell 1987 5545: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5411: 5407: 5402: 5399: 5395: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5375: 5370: 5368:9781781779477 5364: 5360: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5297: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5145: 5142: 5138: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5121: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5046: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5008: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4979: 4976: 4972: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4955: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4935: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4774: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4723: 4719: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4690: 4687: 4684:, p. 43. 4683: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4660:, p. 32. 4659: 4654: 4651: 4648:, p. 35. 4647: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4619: 4614: 4611: 4608:, p. 55. 4607: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4535: 4531: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4496:, p. 27. 4495: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4463: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4420: 4407: 4404: 4397: 4394: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4358: 4349: 4331: 4327: 4307: 4303: 4297: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4261: 4239: 4235: 4215: 4211: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4191: 4177: 4173: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4041: 4040:Italian Libya 4037: 4031: 4027: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3971: 3967: 3947:Date created 3942: 3933: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3898: 3897:90th Division 3894: 3888: 3882: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3814: 3813:80th Division 3810: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3772: 3771:77th Division 3768: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3734: 3720: 3719:76th Division 3716: 3710: 3709:British India 3700: 3684: 3683:70th Division 3680: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3645: 3644:68th Division 3641: 3635: 3629: 3615: 3614:64th Division 3611: 3605: 3601: 3590: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3565:Pas de Calais 3562: 3559:, and joined 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3525:Fourth Army's 3522: 3516: 3498: 3497:58th Division 3494: 3488: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3444: 3430: 3429:57th Division 3426: 3420: 3419:Pas de Calais 3416: 3412: 3408: 3407:II Corps 3403: 3397: 3391: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3352:US XXXI Corps 3349: 3345: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3298: 3297:42nd Division 3294: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3199:81st Infantry 3196: 3195:39th Infantry 3192: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3168: 3154: 3153:34th Division 3150: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3113: 3109: 3103: 3091: 3090:33rd Division 3087: 3080: 3070: 3056: 3052: 3039: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008:84th Infantry 3006:brigade, the 3005: 3004:Royal Marines 3001: 2995: 2977: 2976:23rd Division 2973: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2943: 2942:21st Division 2939: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915:87th Armoured 2910: 2906: 2900: 2886: 2882: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2763: 2759: 2753: 2752:XXXVIII Corps 2748: 2744: 2738: 2722: 2718: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2702:Italian Libya 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2608: 2590: 2586: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2523:Italian Libya 2520: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2441: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2375: 2358: 2354: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2331:37th Armoured 2328: 2322: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276:Rifle Brigade 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2256:8th Parachute 2251: 2247: 2243: 2227: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2212:Italian Libya 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2104: 2100: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2060: 2056: 2050: 2034: 2030: 2010:Date created 2005: 1996: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1892: 1889:and the real 1888: 1882: 1878: 1871: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1823: 1819: 1812: 1809:and the fake 1808: 1804: 1794: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1697: 1693: 1688:(Fairlands). 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1630:Anzio landing 1627: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1580: 1576: 1570: 1566: 1565:58th Division 1562: 1558: 1557:80th Infantry 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1502: 1498: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1428:Pas de Calais 1425: 1421: 1417: 1410: 1409:Trolleycar II 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1384: 1368: 1364: 1344:Date created 1339: 1330: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:British India 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1229: 1225: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1185: 1181: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1161: 1147: 1143: 1137: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1042: 1022: 1018: 1012: 993: 989: 969:Date created 964: 955: 953: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 910: 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 884: 882: 878: 874: 871:known as the 870: 869:double agents 866: 861: 856: 855:South African 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 825: 820: 813: 811: 809: 808:Pas-de-Calais 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 763: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 733: 731: 729: 725: 721: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 676: 672: 668: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:Dudley Clarke 646: 635: 630: 628: 623: 621: 616: 615: 613: 612: 604: 600: 599: 597: 596: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 579: 574: 571: 569: 566: 565: 563: 558: 555: 554: 552: 547: 544: 543: 541: 536: 531: 530: 528: 527: 521: 518: 516: 513: 512: 510: 509: 508: 507: 502: 494: 493:Full generals 491: 489: 486: 485: 483: 478: 475: 473: 470: 469: 467: 466: 465: 464: 459: 451: 448: 446: 443: 442: 440: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 420: 417: 416: 414: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 393: 392: 391: 390: 385: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 366: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 337: 335: 334: 333: 332: 327: 319: 316: 314: 311: 310: 308: 303: 300: 299: 297: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 281: 276: 273: 271: 268: 267: 265: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 246: 244: 243: 242: 241: 236: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 217: 212: 209: 208: 206: 205: 204: 203: 200:Victorian era 198: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 176: 174: 173: 172: 171: 166: 163: 159: 154: 149: 148: 142: 137: 135: 133: 132:double agents 127: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 76: 74: 70: 66: 62: 61:Dudley Clarke 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 34: 30: 19: 7021:Commonwealth 6928: 6921: 6913: 6718:Josef Jakobs 6688:Wulf Schmidt 6682:Gösta Caroli 6676:Arthur Owens 6540: 6472:Steven Sykes 6334:Victor Jones 6306:World War II 6249: 6215: 6193: 6170: 6147: 6124: 6102: 6085: 6065: 6046: 6027: 6010: 5990:. New York: 5986: 5961: 5940: 5917: 5895: 5872: 5846: 5805: 5789: 5773: 5761: 5746:Hesketh 2000 5741: 5729: 5717: 5685:Hesketh 2000 5680: 5665:Hesketh 2000 5660: 5645:Hesketh 2000 5640: 5624: 5612: 5600: 5580: 5569:Hesketh 2000 5564: 5544: 5528: 5513:Hesketh 2000 5500: 5484: 5468: 5456: 5444: 5413: 5401: 5389: 5377: 5358: 5327: 5300:. Retrieved 5290: 5247: 5235: 5220:Hesketh 2000 5215: 5199: 5183: 5149:Hesketh 2000 5144: 5132: 5120: 5109:Hesketh 2000 5104: 5093:Hesketh 2000 5088: 5076: 5064: 5053:Hesketh 2000 5048: 5036:. Retrieved 5026: 5015:Hesketh 2000 5010: 4990: 4983:Hesketh 2000 4978: 4966: 4954: 4943:Hesketh 2000 4934: 4914: 4903:Hesketh 2000 4898: 4886: 4876:16 September 4874:. Retrieved 4864: 4844: 4833:Hesketh 2000 4828: 4817:Hesketh 2000 4812: 4805:Hesketh 2000 4785: 4773: 4761: 4749: 4737: 4730:Barbier 2007 4725: 4718:Hesketh 2000 4713: 4701: 4689: 4677: 4665: 4653: 4641: 4630:Hesketh 2000 4625: 4613: 4606:Stevens 1958 4601: 4589: 4578:Hesketh 2000 4573: 4561: 4549: 4537: 4525: 4513: 4501: 4489: 4477: 4465: 4438: 4433:, p. 7. 4426: 4418: 4417: 4406: 4396: 4386: 4372: 4363: 4362: 4316:Spiked club 4198:. An actual 3211:Twelfth Army 3138:Twelfth Army 2867:Twelfth Army 2531:Twelfth Army 2216:Twelfth Army 1978:Twelfth Army 1807:6th Airborne 1682:Twelfth Army 1670:8th Armoured 1490:Twelfth Army 1228:Twelfth Army 928: 914: 897:Vichy French 885: 828: 823: 764: 760:Soviet Union 737: 717: 698: 679: 643: 359: 340:Field armies 249:Field armies 128: 96: 77: 46:British Army 39: 29: 6834:Accumulator 6813:Quicksilver 6700:Dušan Popov 6467:Peter Proud 6457:Tony Ayrton 5810:Joslen 2003 5794:Joslen 2003 5778:Joslen 2003 5750:Joslen 2003 5689:Joslen 2003 5669:Joslen 2003 5649:Joslen 2003 5629:Joslen 2003 5589:Joslen 2003 5585:Knight 1954 5553:Joslen 2003 5533:Joslen 2003 5517:Joslen 2003 5489:Joslen 2003 5473:Joslen 2003 5418:Joslen 2003 5302:26 February 5279:Joslen 2003 5256:Joslen 2003 5252:Carver 2002 5224:Joslen 2003 5204:Joslen 2003 5188:Joslen 2003 5172:Joslen 2003 5153:Joslen 2003 4939:Stacey 1948 4706:Howard 1990 4682:Howard 1990 4340:Black mask 4196:dummy tanks 4156:Inclination 4116:dummy tanks 3857:Fourth Army 3670:The actual 3411:Fourth Army 3356:Montpellier 2694:Eighth Army 2575:Fourth Army 2384:22nd Guards 2382:, the real 2268:Black Watch 1868:A red lion 1842:Fourth Army 1741:XVIII Corps 1607:Snowshoe II 1533:Fourth Army 1021:Fourth Army 920:Alfred Jodl 851:New Zealand 804:Scandinavia 758:inside the 584:Cadet Force 445:Present-day 117:, and that 40:During the 7110:Categories 6874:Hardboiled 6859:Chettyford 6778:Copperhead 6762:Operations 6708:(Watchdog) 6702:(Tricycle) 6696:(Treasure) 6505:Bill Blass 6482:Ghost Army 6435:Camouflage 6400:D Division 6352:John Bevan 6203:1052805687 6019:1109363085 5877:Spellmount 5834:References 5509:Perry 1988 4030:Windscreen 3921:, and the 3901:Late 1944 3877:Palm tree 3847:, and the 3801:, and the 3751:, and the 3739:Trolleycar 3547:, and the 3477:, and the 3346:, and the 3280:, and the 3201:, and the 3094:Late 1942 3010:, and the 2990:An anchor 2923:Ninth Army 2611:Chittagong 2561:Appendix Y 2454:Ninth Army 2270:) and the 2198:, and the 1952:, and the 1731:War Office 1696:XVII Corps 1676:, and the 1184:Ninth Army 1164:Formed by 1146:Sixth Army 1118:Fifth Army 1059:Trolleycar 992:Third Army 138:Background 7083:Deception 7004:Divisions 6889:Scherhorn 6879:Mincemeat 6793:Fortitude 6788:Ferdinand 6770:Bodyguard 6714:(Zig-Zag) 6672:(Rainbow) 6604:Paradummy 6462:Hugh Cott 6380:Noel Wild 6321:'A' Force 6229:846901610 5949:163066551 5871:(2002) . 5851:Routledge 5825:Holt 2004 5798:Holt 2004 5782:Holt 2004 5766:Holt 2004 5754:Holt 2004 5734:Holt 2004 5722:Holt 2004 5710:Holt 2004 5693:Holt 2004 5673:Holt 2004 5653:Holt 2004 5633:Holt 2004 5617:Holt 2004 5605:Holt 2004 5593:Holt 2004 5573:Holt 2004 5557:Holt 2004 5537:Holt 2004 5521:Holt 2004 5505:Hall 1910 5493:Holt 2004 5477:Holt 2004 5461:Holt 2004 5449:Holt 2004 5437:Holt 2004 5422:Holt 2004 5406:Holt 2004 5394:Holt 2004 5382:Holt 2004 5332:Holt 2004 5320:Holt 2004 5283:Holt 2004 5260:Holt 2004 5240:Holt 2004 5228:Holt 2004 5208:Holt 2004 5192:Holt 2004 5176:Holt 2004 5157:Holt 2004 5137:Holt 2004 5125:Holt 2004 5113:Holt 2004 5097:Holt 2004 5081:Holt 2004 5069:Holt 2004 5057:Holt 2004 5019:Holt 2004 4995:Holt 2004 4971:Holt 2004 4959:Holt 2004 4947:Holt 2004 4923:Holt 2004 4907:Holt 2004 4891:Holt 2004 4853:Holt 2004 4849:Cole 1973 4837:Holt 2004 4821:Holt 2004 4790:Holt 2004 4778:Holt 2004 4766:Holt 2004 4754:Holt 2004 4742:Holt 2004 4694:Holt 2004 4670:Holt 2004 4658:Holt 2004 4646:Holt 2004 4634:Holt 2004 4618:Holt 2004 4594:Holt 2004 4582:Holt 2004 4566:Holt 2004 4554:Holt 2004 4542:Holt 2004 4530:Holt 2004 4518:Holt 2004 4506:Holt 2004 4494:Holt 2004 4482:Holt 2004 4470:Holt 2004 4458:Holt 2004 4443:Holt 2004 4431:Holt 2004 4419:Citations 4401:Division. 4364:Footnotes 4106:Fortitude 4102:Turpitude 4088:Jul 1944 4002:in 1943. 3953:Insignia 3553:Inverness 3515:Fortitude 3487:XIV Corps 3396:Fortitude 3382:Existing 3368:XIV Corps 3215:III Corps 3207:XVI Corps 2909:Turpitude 2863:XVI Corps 2741:The real 2527:XVI Corps 2519:Cyrenaica 2508:Fairlands 2500:Waterfall 2327:VII Corps 2246:Ferdinand 2208:Cyrenaica 2204:Palestine 2055:Bodyguard 2016:Insignia 1997:Divisions 1932:Sceptical 1856:XXV Corps 1822:XXI Corps 1767:XXV Corps 1664:Fairlands 1648:XVI Corps 1579:XIV Corps 1501:VII Corps 1484:Fairlands 1450:III Corps 1416:Stavanger 1350:Insignia 1284:XIV Corps 1262:Ferdinand 1244:Noel Wild 1214:Ferdinand 1084:VII Corps 1068:XXI Corps 1036:Feb 1945 1029:Mar 1944 975:Insignia 901:deserters 824:Bodyguard 734:Expansion 705:Scarpanto 656:Commandos 589:Equipment 450:Nicknames 408:Fencibles 387:Regiments 360:Deception 350:Divisions 259:Divisions 7039:Airborne 7031:Brigades 6924:(Vol. 5) 6849:Boardman 6818:Zeppelin 6803:Ironside 6798:Graffham 6748:American 6684:(Summer) 6660:(Brutus) 6648:(Artist) 6510:Art Kane 6213:(1958). 6191:(1948). 6094:59637091 6084:(1951). 6074:11398674 5992:Scribner 5959:(2000). 5916:(1987). 4337:Unknown 4334:Unknown 4313:Unknown 4310:Unknown 4284:Jul 1944 4279:May 1944 4248:Aug 1943 4243:Jul 1942 4221:Unknown 4218:Unknown 4186:Unknown 4183:Unknown 4166:Maldegem 4152:Unknown 4149:Unknown 4146:Unknown 4092:May 1944 4085:Aug 1943 4064:Unknown 4061:Unknown 4022:Unknown 4019:Unknown 3982:Unknown 3979:Unknown 3907:Unknown 3904:Unknown 3887:XX Corps 3874:Unknown 3871:Unknown 3853:II Corps 3823:Apr 1945 3818:Sep 1944 3776:Nov 1944 3757:II Corps 3724:Sep 1944 3693:Jun 1945 3688:Nov 1943 3654:Nov 1943 3649:Nov 1943 3621:Unknown 3618:Unknown 3600:II Corps 3580:Oct 1944 3557:II Corps 3507:Apr 1945 3502:May 1944 3434:Nov 1943 3325:Vendetta 3302:Nov 1943 3240:Jun 1944 3235:Nov 1943 3185:Penknife 3158:May 1943 3060:Mar 1945 3033:Unknown 3030:Unknown 2986:May 1943 2981:Jul 1942 2946:Unknown 2917:and the 2894:Unknown 2890:Mar 1943 2857:and the 2826:Nov 1943 2792:area of 2772:Nov 1943 2767:Jul 1942 2726:Mar 1942 2700:area of 2664:Jan 1945 2659:Jul 1942 2631:Jul 1941 2626:Jan 1941 2602:Unknown 2596:Unknown 2593:Unknown 2546:Aug 1944 2512:Zeppelin 2504:Boardman 2485:Unknown 2481:Mar 1943 2432:Oct 1943 2427:Mar 1942 2366:Unknown 2362:Jun 1941 2313:Jan 1945 2308:Jun 1944 2190:and the 2170:Zeppelin 2155:Unknown 2151:Jan 1943 2121:Conclave 2107:Unknown 2071:and the 2043:Dec 1944 2038:Jun 1944 1982:Thailand 1970:Moulmein 1936:Slippery 1910:Nov 1944 1865:Unknown 1861:Jun 1941 1787:Dec 1944 1782:Oct 1944 1755:Unknown 1751:Jun 1941 1746:Jun 1941 1726:II Corps 1720:and the 1706:Nov 1944 1701:Nov 1944 1657:Unknown 1653:Nov 1943 1611:Playmate 1603:Zeppelin 1599:Oakfield 1584:Dec 1943 1559:and the 1511:Jan 1945 1506:Apr 1944 1480:Boardman 1476:Undercut 1460:Aug 1944 1455:May 1943 1377:Dec 1944 1372:Mar 1944 1367:II Corps 1258:Zeppelin 1238:May 1945 1233:May 1943 1210:Zeppelin 1194:Aug 1945 1189:Oct 1941 1033:Nov 1943 1026:Jun 1943 860:Wireless 839:Canadian 831:American 752:Caucasus 573:Barracks 461:Officers 355:Brigades 270:Brigades 7095:British 7011:British 6864:Cockade 6854:Cascade 6844:Bertram 6839:Barclay 6808:Titanic 6753:British 6654:(Garbo) 6564:R Force 6372:Ops (B) 5845:(ed.). 4190:Cascade 4068:Cascade 4036:Tripoli 4026:Cascade 3990:Cascade 3855:of the 3449:Cascade 3409:of the 3317:Cascade 3252:Cascade 3209:of the 3191:Algiers 3177:Wantage 3173:Cascade 3108:Wantage 2994:Cascade 2905:Cascade 2865:of the 2841:Cascade 2784:Cascade 2698:Tripoli 2676:Cascade 2496:Cascade 2440:Cascade 2374:Cascade 2194:), the 2166:Barclay 2162:Cascade 1986:Bangkok 1974:Rangoon 1919:Mercury 1881:Wantage 1877:Cascade 1836:Tindall 1626:Tuscany 1619:Wantage 1615:Compass 1595:Cascade 1472:Cascade 1405:Imperil 1397:Tweezer 1320:Sumatra 1254:Barclay 1250:Cascade 1160:Cockade 1047:Tindall 946:⁄ 931:Chinese 800:Ops (B) 664:General 434:in 2008 429:in 1962 424:in 1881 419:in 1800 398:Cavalry 69:brigade 7090:Allied 7069:Mobile 6990:Armies 6884:Pastel 6869:Forfar 6743:Allied 6690:(Tate) 6678:(Snow) 6666:(Fido) 6597:Decoys 6299:Allied 6256: 6227: 6219:. The 6201: 6177: 6155: 6131: 6109: 6092: 6072: 6053: 6034: 6017: 5998: 5973: 5947: 5928: 5922:Osprey 5902: 5883: 5857: 5365: 4348:Ceylon 4124:Aleppo 3959:Notes 3917:, the 3843:, the 3797:, the 3747:, the 3666:Foynes 3543:, the 3473:, the 3453:Foynes 3342:, the 3321:Foynes 3276:, the 3256:Foynes 3197:, the 3128:, and 3118:Ceylon 2931:Turkey 2927:Aleppo 2747:Ceylon 2464:, and 2242:Foynes 2186:, the 2125:Tarzan 2085:Bremen 2022:Notes 1962:Bengal 1948:, the 1924:Tarzan 1672:, the 1539:and a 1440:Arnhem 1356:Notes 1282:, and 1096:Bremen 981:Notes 956:Armies 911:Impact 853:, and 843:French 814:Method 767:Allies 748:German 701:Rhodes 189:Awards 115:Norway 103:German 73:armies 44:, the 6995:Corps 6907:Books 6827:Other 6581:Other 6524:Other 5038:7 May 4359:Notes 4180:1942 4128:Syria 4058:1942 3986:Abeam 3845:208th 3799:203rd 3795:103rd 3749:213th 3561:FUSAG 3545:174th 3541:173rd 3483:Terni 3475:171st 3471:170th 3415:FUSAG 3364:Terni 3344:142nd 3340:133rd 3278:120th 3274:119th 3134:Egypt 3000:Egypt 2794:Egypt 2790:Cairo 1829:1943 1826:1943 1634:Terni 1331:Corps 1292:Crete 1270:Dante 1206:Rayon 1174:Luton 1153:1945 1150:1943 881:Ultra 847:Greek 504:Other 345:Corps 254:Corps 88:Egypt 6894:Span 6542:more 6254:ISBN 6225:OCLC 6199:OCLC 6175:ISBN 6153:ISBN 6129:ISBN 6107:ISBN 6090:OCLC 6070:OCLC 6051:ISBN 6032:ISBN 6015:OCLC 5996:ISBN 5971:ISBN 5945:OCLC 5926:ISBN 5900:ISBN 5881:ISBN 5855:ISBN 5363:ISBN 5304:2021 5040:2021 4878:2021 4343:N/A 4319:N/A 4291:N/A 4288:N/A 4255:N/A 4252:N/A 4227:N/A 4098:N/A 4015:1943 3975:1941 3919:73rd 3915:72nd 3910:N/A 3881:Fang 3841:50th 3790:N/A 3745:25th 3704:N/A 3628:Fang 3594:N/A 3358:and 3260:The 3126:98th 3122:97th 3112:Fang 3074:N/A 3043:N/A 2956:Claw 2952:N/A 2855:33rd 2845:Fang 2800:and 2737:Fang 2635:N/A 2462:19th 2458:18th 2380:21st 2231:1943 2129:Claw 2091:and 2081:Kiel 2067:and 2065:11th 1928:Claw 1832:N/A 1798:N/A 1718:55th 1713:N/A 1710:N/A 1523:Skye 1420:Oslo 1393:Skye 1314:and 1266:Fang 1156:N/A 1131:N/A 1128:N/A 1125:N/A 1122:N/A 1092:Kiel 1082:and 1005:N/A 1002:N/A 999:N/A 996:N/A 783:Axis 738:The 403:Foot 84:Axis 6304:in 3963:Ref 2798:7th 2408:2nd 2089:1st 2026:Ref 1360:Ref 1280:XVI 1276:III 985:Ref 865:MI5 673:of 101:of 7112:: 5994:. 5969:. 5924:. 5879:. 5817:^ 5700:^ 5429:^ 5339:^ 5312:^ 5271:^ 5164:^ 4797:^ 4450:^ 4266:. 4206:. 4126:, 4104:, 4046:. 4038:, 4028:, 3988:, 3711:. 3606:. 3455:, 3451:, 3370:. 3323:, 3319:, 3254:, 3183:, 3179:, 3175:, 3124:, 3110:, 2968:. 2907:, 2843:, 2812:. 2533:. 2510:, 2506:, 2502:, 2498:, 2460:, 2414:. 2248:, 2244:, 2168:, 2164:, 2127:, 2123:, 2119:, 2095:. 2057:, 1934:, 1930:, 1926:, 1897:. 1879:, 1769:. 1733:. 1617:, 1613:, 1609:, 1605:, 1601:, 1597:, 1525:, 1521:, 1482:, 1478:, 1474:, 1407:, 1403:, 1399:, 1395:, 1391:, 1312:XX 1278:, 1268:, 1264:, 1260:, 1256:, 1252:, 1246:. 1212:, 1208:, 1176:. 1138:. 1110:. 1080:II 1057:, 1053:, 1049:, 1013:. 939:51 926:. 849:, 845:, 841:, 837:, 833:, 6965:e 6958:t 6951:v 6291:e 6284:t 6277:v 6262:. 6231:. 6205:. 6183:. 6137:. 6115:. 6096:. 6076:. 6059:. 6040:. 6021:. 6004:. 5979:. 5951:. 5934:. 5908:. 5889:. 5863:. 5371:. 5306:. 5042:. 4880:. 4381:. 2083:– 1094:– 948:2 944:1 941:+ 633:e 626:t 619:v 20:)

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Knowledge (XXG)

List of British deception formations in World War II

Index