929:
934:
412:. At the time it was believed that the face value of a coin should correspond to the value of the material it was made from, so they had respectively to contain one or two pence worth of copper (for a penny this worked out to be one ounce of copper). This requirement meant that the coins would be significantly larger than the silver pennies minted previously. The large size of the coins, combined with the thick rim where the inscription was incuse i.e. punched into the metal rather than standing proud of it, led to the coins being nicknamed "cartwheels". These pennies were minted over the course of several years, but all are marked with the date 1797.
860:
789:
1065:
1017:
963:
1870:
1212:
1207:
1132:
1127:
165:
139:
519:. At least one 1954 penny was struck, apparently for private internal purposes at the Royal Mint, but it was not until 1961 that there was a need for more pennies to be minted, and production continued each year until 1967, and afterwards (as pennies continued to be minted with the date 1967, until 1970). The 97% copper, 0.5% tin, 2.5% zinc alloy was used again for the 1960s pennies. Finally, there was an issue of proof quality coins dated 1970 produced to bid farewell to the denomination.
3475:
1089:
1084:
1884:
3283:
3499:
3211:
3487:
1153:
1856:
1108:
487:
coin-operated amusement machines and public telephones). Thereafter, pennies were minted every year for the remainder of George V's reign, although only six or seven 1933 coins were minted, specifically for the king to lay under the foundation stones of new buildings; one of these coins was stolen when a church in Leeds was demolished in the 1960s, and its whereabouts is unknown.
1113:
538:
425:, with large quantities of gold and silver coin being minted. To thwart the further issuance of private token coinage, in 1817 an Act of Parliament was passed which forbade the manufacture of private token coinage under very severe penalties. Copper coins continued to be minted after 1797, through the reigns of
486:
pennies were produced every year to the same standard until 1922, but after a three-year gap in production the alloy composition was changed to 95.5% copper, 3% tin and 1.5% zinc, although the weight and size remained unchanged (which was necessary because of the existence by then of large numbers of
420:
By 1802, the production of privately issued provincial tokens had ceased. However, in the next ten years the intrinsic value of copper rose. The return of privately minted token coinage was evident by 1811 and endemic by 1812, as more and more of the government-issued copper coinage was melted down.
464:
were minted in bronze, and their specifications were no longer constrained by the onerous requirement that their face value should match the value of the base metal used to make the coin. They were introduced in 1860 and a year later the withdrawal of the old copper coinage began.
473:
The specifications of the bronze version of the penny were a mass of 9.45 g (0.333 oz) and a diameter of 30.86 mm (1.215 in), and remained as such for over a hundred years. Pennies were minted every year of
722:
This issue uses a third reverse design which is completely redesigned with a much smaller "I" under a smaller crown with the inscription running around the crown. No changes were made to the legend.
460:, that so large a part of the copper coinage must be taken out of circulation that it was worth introducing a whole new coinage which would be "much more convenient and agreeable in use". These
512:
caused a change in the alloy in 1944 to 97% copper, 0.5% tin, 2.5% zinc, but this bronze tarnishes unattractively, and the original 95.5% copper, 3% tin, 1.5% zinc alloy was restored in 1945.
370:. The prohibitive cost of minting silver coins had meant the size of pennies had been reduced over the years, with the minting of silver pennies for general circulation being halted in 1660.
2091:
A Correct and
Complete Representation of All the Provincial Copper Coins, Tokens of Trade, and Cards of Address, on Copper: Which Were Circulated as Such Between the Years 1787 and 1801
3576:
505:'s reign: None was minted in 1941, 1942 and 1943. Pennies minted in 1950 and 1951 were for overseas use only. One 1952 penny, believed to be unique, was struck by the Royal Mint.
494:
exist, dated 1937, but technically they are pattern coins i.e. coins produced for official approval, which it would probably have been due to receive about the time that the King
2202:
2180:
515:
Because of the large number of pennies in circulation there was no need to produce any more in the 1950s, however a large number of specimen sets were issued in 1953 for
3159:
562:
1252:
834:, with a trident held loosely in her left hand, and an olive branch in her outstretched right. There are waves about her feet, with a small ship to the left and a
3126:
1289:
1284:
1274:
1269:
1264:
2567:
265:
Scottish shilling. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze.
1279:
826:. The initial K appears on the lowest fold of the drapery at the base of the effigy, indicating that the design is the work of the German engraver
933:
928:
2329:
3152:
2138:
2063:
2038:
3581:
2769:
2304:
2276:
2251:
3096:
2834:
1837:
Note: The mintage figures where "H" or "KN" follows the year relates to coins minted with that particular mint mark. "H" refers to the
385:. However, by George III's reign there was a shortage of pennies such that a great many merchants and mining companies issued their own
366:
reign saw pennies minted in 1708, 1709, 1710 and 1713. These issues, however, were not for general circulation, instead being minted as
1217:
Pennies were rarely minted during the early reign of
Elizabeth II, but those minted for the coronation in 1953 feature the inscription
362:
The design and specifications of the sterling penny were unchanged by unification, and it continued to be minted in silver after 1707.
272:" (often added as an unstressed suffix) when referring to an amount of money, and "pennies" when referring to a number of coins. Thus 8
2224:
294:
The pre-decimal penny was demonetised on 1 September 1971, just over six months after decimalisation, and replaced (in effect) by the
3002:
580:
3145:
2615:
2590:
946:
819:
434:
295:
1958:
3571:
3091:
430:
3176:
2982:
2802:
2002:
736:
This issue uses a fourth reverse design which is similar to the one used between 1763 and 1780, but with a redesigned crown.
732:
Second obverse, showing an older bust of the king and the same inscription, laureated bust of the king with the inscription
718:
Second obverse, showing an older bust of the king and the same inscription, laureated bust of the king with the inscription
3400:
2560:
495:
3058:
2992:
2610:
1897:
1299:
363:
31:
553:
3053:
2997:
2966:
2630:
2576:
2229:
457:
426:
382:
284:
212:
3101:
2987:
2956:
2635:
949:
are very similar to his predecessors', also being engraved by
William Wyon. The king's head faces right, inscribed
883:
827:
516:
378:
448:
found that around one third of all copper coinage was worn or mutilated, often by advertisements. Two years later
2894:
2843:
2620:
1962:
374:
3038:
2941:
2852:
2640:
2625:
2553:
2085:
441:. These later coins were smaller than the cartwheel pennies of 1797, and contained a smaller amount of copper.
336:
1841:, and "KN" to the King's Norton Mint, both of which were contracted to mint supplemental pennies on occasion.
859:
788:
3548:
3048:
2961:
2870:
2861:
2745:
1211:
1206:
1131:
1126:
453:
449:
422:
240:
164:
138:
3221:
2513:
1914:
1098:
the lighthouse and ship flanking
Britannia were removed and the sea level design was altered to be higher.
355:
ceased to be legal tender, with sterling to be used throughout Great
Britain. The penny replaced the Scots
3433:
3231:
3375:
2889:
2715:
2162:
1980:
1889:
1162:
the lighthouse was restored on the reverse to the left of
Britannia, and her shield was turned upright.
1064:
1016:
962:
3251:
291:), under which the largest unit was a pound (£) divisible into 20 shillings (s), each of 12 pence (d).
3288:
3063:
2908:
2030:
Good Money: Birmingham Button Makers, the Royal Mint, and the
Beginnings of Modern Coinage, 1775-1821
1902:
1042:
704:. The first reverse was used until 1780 and shows a crowned "I" in high relief, with the inscription
664:
George I coins also have a crowned I on the reverse, and busts on the obverse. George I pennies have
254:
185:
1236:
Regular minting of pennies was resumed in 1961. Pennies minted after that date bear the inscription
548:
17:
3199:
2828:
908:
815:
639:
348:
328:
276:
is eightpence or eight pence, but "eight pennies" means specifically eight individual penny coins.
2425:
2398:
3458:
3226:
2491:
2469:
1875:
324:
262:
903:
The obverse of George IV's penny shows a highly regarded left-facing laureated head engraved by
642:
of the
British penny is the same as the reverse of the pre-1707 English penny, a crowned letter
2447:
915:, while the reverse shows a right-facing seated Britannia with a shield and trident, inscribed
3408:
3385:
3370:
3365:
3313:
3028:
2144:
2134:
2130:
2034:
878:, while the reverse shows a left-facing seated Britannia with a shield and trident, inscribed
332:
2028:
650:. The obverse features the left-facing portrait of Queen Anne, surrounded by the inscription
3586:
3360:
3323:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3043:
3023:
2951:
2663:
509:
226:
3492:
3453:
3204:
3168:
3106:
1838:
1088:
1083:
401:
3524:
3486:
3463:
3448:
3428:
3318:
3303:
3276:
3184:
3083:
3033:
2927:
2913:
2692:
2686:
2645:
2376:
2112:
Catalogue of the Coins, Tokens, Medals, Dies, and Seals in the Museum of the Royal Mint
475:
438:
390:
344:
202:
746:
The fifth reverse, used from 1817 onwards, shows the crowned "I" with the inscription
373:
The practice of minting pennies only for Maundy money continued through the reigns of
3565:
3418:
3266:
3194:
2946:
2903:
2721:
1966:
1152:
874:
On the obverse, the head of King George III is turned to the right, the inscription
3474:
3443:
3413:
3390:
3298:
3282:
3256:
3007:
2922:
2875:
1861:
904:
397:
issued huge numbers of tokens (although their acceptability was strictly limited).
386:
367:
150:
35:
2089:
3348:
3241:
3216:
2932:
1294:
491:
352:
340:
280:
1107:
3514:
3468:
3353:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3308:
3271:
1851:
1095:
850:
appears next to the shield, indicating that the coin came from the Soho Mint.
835:
479:
445:
409:
700:
First obverse, showing a right-facing bust of the king, with the inscription
3509:
3504:
3246:
3236:
3189:
2883:
2148:
1159:
1112:
1048:
887:
831:
558:
The "Size", "Weight" and "Material" columns need to be checked for accuracy.
502:
461:
405:
175:
3210:
3498:
3480:
3380:
3293:
2354:
1934:
483:
394:
356:
258:
250:
708:
This was then modified in lower relief with the "I" being much flatter.
3532:
3423:
3261:
2514:"Penny (Pre-decimal), Coin Type from United Kingdom - Online Coin Club"
838:
shield below and to the right. Above, on the rim, is incused the word
1915:
Penny (Pre-decimal), Coin Type from United
Kingdom - Online Coin Club
801:
633:
628:
114:
108:
102:
2655:
806:
The "cartwheel" penny was minted in copper, with a weight of 1
288:
205:
45:
3137:
2545:
807:
3438:
1844:
From 1825 to 1970 a total of 3,629,384,952 pennies were minted.
1047:
The reverse of the bronze version of the coin features a seated
1036:
978:
bust of
Victoria was designed by William Wyon who died in 1851.
811:
3141:
2549:
1031:
531:
907:
after the king expressed a dislike for the one engraved by
2330:"Great Britain Penny KM# 739 1841 Without colon after REG"
953:, while the reverse is identical to the George IV penny.
643:
1074:(or "veiled head") bust was designed by Thomas Brock.
846:. The reverse was also designed by Kuchler. The word
842:, and on the rim below the image is incused the date
830:. The reverse shows the left-facing seated figure of
30:
For the current decimal British one penny coin, see
3541:
3523:
3399:
3175:
3076:
3016:
2975:
2654:
2583:
2094:(Second ed.). Birmingham: M. Young. p. 4.
191:
181:
171:
157:
145:
131:
123:
94:
86:
78:
70:
59:
2114:. London: Darling & Son Ltd. pp. 327–343.
763:
682:Same design as previous, George II pennies have
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
3577:Pre-decimalisation coins of the United Kingdom
1189:George VI issue coins feature the inscription
404:to strike copper pennies and twopences at his
34:. For silver pennies produced after 1820, see
3153:
3127:List of people on coins of the United Kingdom
2561:
1265:The early Normans and the Anarchy (1066–1154)
8:
2022:
2020:
1280:The Stuarts and the Commonwealth (1603–1714)
1041:The second bust of Victoria was designed by
43:
706:MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date across the crown
3160:
3146:
3138:
2972:
2568:
2554:
2546:
2064:"The cartwheel penny and twopence of 1797"
1937:'s bust was modified in 1927 to be smaller
1789:
1736:
1641:
1597:
1559:
1428:
1357:
1333:
1309:
760:
163:
137:
42:
2536:Numismatic History of the Birmingham Mint
2299:
2297:
2105:
2103:
2101:
1219:ELIZABETH II DEI GRA BRITT OMN REGINA F D
1024:
1021:
822:, and incused into the rim are the words
581:Learn how and when to remove this message
508:The worldwide shortage of tin during the
2225:"Great Britain Penny KM# 618 1797 Proof"
1290:The 20th century pre-decimal (1901–1970)
988:
867:
864:
623:
620:
592:
2129:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1950:
1926:
778:
775:
766:
253:. It was a continuation of the earlier
27:Former denomination of sterling coinage
1191:GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP
501:Pennies were not minted every year of
261:it had the same monetary value as one
7:
2420:
2418:
2416:
1195:GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX FIDEI DEF
1051:, holding a trident, with the words
818:features a right-facing portrait of
452:, the Master of the Mint, convinced
18:British one penny coin (pre-decimal)
3097:List of British banknotes and coins
1828:1970 ~ 750,476 (souvenir sets only)
911:for use on the farthing, inscribed
421:The Royal Mint undertook a massive
400:In 1797, the government authorised
2538:. Birmingham: Birmingham Mint Ltd.
2305:"Great Britain Penny KM# 707 1831"
2277:"Great Britain Penny KM# 693 1825"
2252:"Great Britain Penny KM# 663 1806"
2125:Christopher Edgar Challis (1992).
1300:Post-decimalisation (1971–present)
1238:ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA F D
25:
347:had been fixed at 12:1 since the
3497:
3485:
3473:
3281:
3209:
2033:. University of Michigan Press.
1882:
1868:
1854:
1210:
1205:
1151:
1130:
1125:
1111:
1106:
1087:
1082:
1063:
1015:
961:
932:
927:
858:
787:
646:, surrounded by the inscription
536:
2127:A New History of the Royal Mint
2110:Hocking, William John (1906).
951:GULIELMUS IIII DEI GRATIA date
1:
2167:electronic Irish Statute Book
1254:
748:BRITANNIARUM REX FID DEF date
686:inscribed on the obverse and
668:inscribed on the obverse and
1898:Penny (British decimal coin)
1270:The Plantagenets (1154–1485)
967:
938:
796:
793:
734:GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA date
720:GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA date
478:'s reign, and every year of
339:. The exchange rate between
32:Penny (British decimal coin)
3582:Coins of the United Kingdom
2334:Numismatic Guaranty Company
2309:Numismatic Guaranty Company
2281:Numismatic Guaranty Company
2256:Numismatic Guaranty Company
2230:Numismatic Guaranty Company
1285:The Hanoverians (1714–1901)
913:GEORGIUS IV DEI GRATIA date
810:and a diameter of 1.4
556:. The specific problem is:
458:Chancellor of the Exchequer
423:recoinage programme in 1816
285:Carolingian monetary system
283:in 1971, sterling used the
3603:
3102:List of British currencies
2534:Sweeney, James O. (1981).
1983:. Scottish Archive Network
552:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
268:The plural of "penny" is "
29:
2027:George A. Selgin (2008).
1963:Oxford English Dictionary
1204:
1181:
1157:
1150:
1136:
1094:During the reign of King
1027:
626:
517:Elizabeth II's Coronation
437:, and the early reign of
162:
136:
52:
1686:1919H/1919KN ~ 5,290,600
1680:1918H/1918KN ~ 3,580,800
991:
601:
595:
523:Types and specifications
444:In 1857 a survey by the
337:Kingdom of Great Britain
331:were merged by the 1707
149:Profile of the monarch (
3401:Obsolete and historical
2163:"The Coinage Act, 1870"
1719:1933 ~ 7 (pattern only)
1563:Victoria (Veiled bust)
1432:Victoria (Draped bust)
884:Conrad Heinrich Küchler
828:Conrad Heinrich Küchler
702:GEORGIVS III DEI GRATIA
454:William Ewart Gladstone
3572:Coins of Great Britain
1361:Victoria (Young bust)
1275:The Tudors (1485–1603)
917:BRITANNIAR REX FID DEF
880:BRITANNIAR REX FID DEF
684:GEORGIVS II DEI GRATIA
296:decimal half new penny
211:was a denomination of
2967:Five guineas (£5/5/–)
2952:Double sovereign (£2)
2928:Half sovereign (10/–)
1969:on February 13, 2005.
1890:United Kingdom portal
876:GEORGIUS III D: G REX
690:date on the reverse.
688:MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX
672:date on the reverse.
648:MAG BRI FR ET HIB REG
351:in 1603, and in 1707
3064:Landmarks of Britain
2957:Two guineas (£2/2/–)
1903:Penny (English coin)
1369:1839 ~ Only in proof
1158:During the reign of
1070:The third and final
1043:Leonard Charles Wyon
945:The pennies of King
824:GEORGIUS III·D·G·REX
670:MAG BR FR ET HIB REX
563:improve this section
391:Parys Mining Company
186:Leonard Charles Wyon
3542:Generic placeholder
3049:Quintuple sovereign
2914:Quarter guinea (5/3
2904:Double florin (4/–)
2205:. Royal Mint Museum
2183:. Royal Mint Museum
2066:. Royal Mint Museum
2005:. Royal Mint Museum
909:Benedetto Pistrucci
381:, and into that of
349:Union of the Crowns
82:(Bronze) 31 mm
74:(Bronze) 9.4 g
49:
3092:Sterling banknotes
3059:The Queen's Beasts
2923:Third guinea (7/–)
2876:Fifteen pence (1/3
2664:Quarter farthing (
2448:"Edward VII coins"
2399:"William IV coins"
1876:Numismatics portal
1825:1967 ~ 164,000,000
1822:1966 ~ 157,430,000
1819:1965 ~ 135,534,000
1816:1964 ~ 144,462,000
1813:1963 ~ 134,013,600
1810:1962 ~ 137,640,000
1751:1938 ~ 121,560,000
1728:1936 ~ 154,296,000
1692:1921 ~ 129,717,693
1689:1920 ~ 124,693,485
1683:1919 ~ 113,761,090
1674:1917 ~ 107,905,436
1659:1912H ~ 16,800,000
1494:1876h ~ 11,074,560
1253:The Anglo-Saxons (
3559:
3558:
3135:
3134:
3072:
3071:
3029:Quarter sovereign
2933:Half guinea (10/6
2803:Three halfpence (
2492:"George VI coins"
2377:"George IV coins"
2355:"Victorian Penny"
2140:978-0-521-24026-0
2040:978-0-472-11631-7
1981:"The Pound Scots"
1835:
1834:
1807:1961 ~ 39,703,000
1788:
1787:
1775:1949 ~ 14,324,400
1772:1948 ~ 63,961,200
1769:1947 ~ 52,220,400
1766:1946 ~ 66,855,600
1763:1945 ~ 79,531,200
1760:1944 ~ 42,600,000
1757:1940 ~ 42,284,400
1754:1939 ~ 55,560,000
1748:1937 ~ 88,899,000
1735:
1734:
1725:1935 ~ 56,070,000
1722:1934 ~ 13,965,600
1713:1931 ~ 19,843,200
1710:1930 ~ 29,097,600
1707:1929 ~ 49,132,800
1704:1928 ~ 50,178,000
1701:1927 ~ 60,989,561
1695:1922 ~ 22,205,568
1677:1918 ~ 84,227,372
1671:1916 ~ 86,411,165
1668:1915 ~ 47,310,807
1665:1914 ~ 50,820,997
1662:1913 ~ 65,497,872
1656:1912 ~ 48,306,048
1653:1911 ~ 23,079,168
1640:
1639:
1633:1910 ~ 29,549,184
1630:1909 ~ 19,617,024
1627:1908 ~ 31,506,048
1624:1907 ~ 47,322,240
1621:1906 ~ 37,989,504
1618:1905 ~ 17,783,808
1615:1904 ~ 12,913,152
1612:1903 ~ 21,415,296
1609:1902 ~ 26,976,768
1596:
1595:
1589:1901 ~ 22,205,568
1586:1900 ~ 31,778,109
1583:1899 ~ 26,441,069
1580:1898 ~ 14,296,836
1577:1897 ~ 20,752,620
1574:1896 ~ 24,147,156
1558:
1557:
1545:1892 ~ 10,501,671
1542:1891 ~ 17,885,961
1539:1890 ~ 15,330,840
1536:1889 ~ 12,559,737
1530:1887 ~ 5,315,085
1521:1884 ~ 11,702,802
1515:1882h ~ 7,526,400
1512:1881h ~ 3,763,200
1488:1875 ~ 10,691,040
1485:1874h ~ 6,666,240
1449:1863 ~ 28,062,700
1446:1862 ~ 50,534,400
1443:1861 ~ 36,449,280
1427:
1426:
1356:
1355:
1332:
1331:
1295:Decimal Day, 1971
1247:Pennies by period
1244:
1243:
1193:before 1949, and
982:
981:
952:
918:
914:
881:
877:
754:
753:
735:
721:
707:
703:
591:
590:
583:
554:quality standards
545:This section may
490:A few pennies of
311:p being worth 1.2
249:, from the Roman
243:. Its symbol was
199:
198:
16:(Redirected from
3594:
3551:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3356:
3285:
3213:
3169:Currency symbols
3162:
3155:
3148:
3139:
3122:Coins of Ireland
3117:Scottish coinage
3112:Old Head coinage
3087:
3044:Double sovereign
2973:
2962:Five pounds (£5)
2821:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2693:Third farthing (
2679:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2577:Sterling coinage
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2470:"George V coins"
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2426:"Victoria coins"
2422:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2045:
2044:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1965:. Archived from
1955:
1938:
1931:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1801:1953 ~ 1,308,400
1790:
1737:
1716:1932 ~ 8,277,600
1698:1926 ~ 4,498,519
1642:
1598:
1571:1895 ~ 5,395,830
1560:
1551:1894 ~ 3,883,452
1548:1893 ~ 8,161,737
1533:1888 ~ 5,125,020
1527:1886 ~ 6,087,759
1524:1885 ~ 7,145,862
1518:1883 ~ 6,327,438
1509:1881 ~ 2,302,362
1506:1880 ~ 3,000,831
1503:1879 ~ 7,666,476
1500:1878 ~ 2,764,470
1497:1877 ~ 9,624,747
1482:1874 ~ 5,621,865
1479:1873 ~ 8,494,200
1476:1872 ~ 8,494,572
1473:1871 ~ 1,290,318
1470:1870 ~ 5,695,022
1467:1869 ~ 2,580,480
1464:1868 ~ 1,182,720
1461:1867 ~ 5,483,520
1458:1866 ~ 9,999,360
1455:1865 ~ 8,601,600
1452:1864 ~ 3,440,640
1440:1860 ~ 5,053,440
1429:
1417:1859 ~ 1,075,200
1414:1858 ~ 1,559,040
1408:1856 ~ 1,212,288
1405:1855 ~ 5,273,866
1402:1854 ~ 6,720,000
1399:1853 ~ 1,021,440
1358:
1334:
1326:1827 ~ 1,451,520
1323:1826 ~ 5,913,000
1320:1825 ~ 1,075,200
1310:
1259:
1256:
1239:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1196:
1192:
1155:
1134:
1129:
1115:
1110:
1091:
1086:
1067:
1055:to either side.
1054:
1019:
989:
965:
950:
936:
931:
916:
912:
879:
875:
862:
849:
845:
841:
825:
791:
761:
749:
733:
719:
705:
701:
689:
685:
671:
667:
666:GEORGIVS DEI GRA
653:
649:
593:
586:
579:
575:
572:
566:
540:
539:
532:
510:Second World War
323:The kingdoms of
310:
309:
305:
302:
238:
237:
233:
224:
223:
219:
213:sterling coinage
167:
141:
124:Years of minting
50:
21:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3537:
3519:
3395:
3354:
3171:
3166:
3136:
3131:
3107:Jubilee coinage
3085:
3068:
3012:
2971:
2947:Guinea (£1/1/–)
2895:Half crown (2/6
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:Half farthing (
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2650:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2579:
2574:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2494:. Coin database
2490:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2472:. Coin database
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2450:. Coin database
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2428:. Coin database
2424:
2423:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2401:. Coin database
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2379:. Coin database
2375:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2141:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2099:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1911:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1831:
1784:
1731:
1636:
1592:
1554:
1491:1875h ~ 752,640
1423:
1308:
1258: 600–1066
1257:
1249:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1218:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1140:
1138:
1052:
1046:
1034:
1029:
987:
847:
843:
839:
823:
759:
747:
687:
683:
669:
665:
652:ANNA DEI GRATIA
651:
647:
631:
587:
576:
570:
567:
560:
541:
537:
530:
525:
471:
418:
402:Matthew Boulton
321:
307:
303:
300:
299:
235:
231:
230:
221:
217:
216:
119:
55:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3600:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3525:Cryptocurrency
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:Half sovereign
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Sovereign (£1)
2939:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2892:
2887:
2873:
2871:Shilling (1/–)
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2827:(Ceylon &
2800:
2791:
2767:
2743:
2719:
2690:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2587:
2585:
2584:Decimal system
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2526:
2505:
2483:
2461:
2439:
2412:
2390:
2368:
2346:
2321:
2293:
2268:
2243:
2216:
2194:
2172:
2154:
2139:
2117:
2097:
2077:
2046:
2039:
2016:
1994:
1972:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:External links
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1879:
1865:
1849:
1846:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1781:1951 ~ 120,000
1779:
1778:1950 ~ 240,000
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1411:1857 ~ 752,640
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:1851 ~ 432,224
1394:
1393:1849 ~ 268,800
1391:
1390:1848 ~ 161,280
1388:
1387:1847 ~ 430,080
1385:
1384:1846 ~ 483,840
1382:
1381:1845 ~ 322,560
1379:
1378:1844 ~ 215,040
1376:
1375:1843 ~ 483,830
1373:
1372:1841 ~ 913,920
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:1837 ~ 174,720
1348:
1347:1834 ~ 322,560
1345:
1344:1831 ~ 806,400
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1135:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1039:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
986:
983:
980:
979:
972:
969:
966:
959:
955:
954:
943:
940:
937:
925:
921:
920:
901:
898:
896:
892:
891:
872:
869:
866:
863:
856:
852:
851:
804:
798:
795:
792:
785:
781:
780:
779:Short summary
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
758:
755:
752:
751:
744:
742:
738:
737:
730:
728:
724:
723:
716:
714:
710:
709:
698:
696:
692:
691:
680:
678:
674:
673:
662:
660:
656:
655:
636:
625:
622:
619:
617:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
589:
588:
544:
542:
535:
529:
526:
524:
521:
476:Queen Victoria
470:
467:
439:Queen Victoria
417:
414:
353:Scots currency
335:, to form the
320:
317:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
160:
159:
155:
154:
147:
143:
142:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
111:
105:
98:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
57:
56:
54:United Kingdom
53:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3599:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:Commemorative
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2844:Threepence (3
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2204:
2203:"Edward VIII"
2198:
2195:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1880:
1877:
1866:
1863:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1793:Elizabeth II
1792:
1791:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1420:1860 ~ 32,256
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
984:
977:
973:
970:
964:
960:
957:
956:
948:
944:
941:
935:
930:
926:
923:
922:
910:
906:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
885:
873:
870:
861:
857:
854:
853:
837:
833:
829:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
803:
799:
790:
786:
783:
782:
772:
769:
762:
756:
745:
743:
740:
739:
731:
729:
726:
725:
717:
715:
712:
711:
699:
697:
694:
693:
681:
679:
676:
675:
663:
661:
658:
657:
645:
641:
638:The original
637:
635:
630:
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
604:
598:
594:
585:
582:
574:
564:
559:
555:
551:
550:
543:
534:
533:
527:
522:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
493:
488:
485:
481:
477:
468:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:Thomas Graham
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:copper tokens
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
318:
316:
314:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:English penny
252:
248:
247:
242:
228:
214:
210:
207:
204:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
166:
161:
156:
153:design shown)
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
122:
116:
112:
110:
106:
104:
100:
99:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3008:Maundy money
2934:
2915:
2896:
2890:Florin (2/–)
2877:
2863:
2854:
2853:Fourpence (4
2845:
2836:
2822:
2795:
2793:
2786:
2762:
2738:
2709:
2680:
2535:
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2464:
2452:. Retrieved
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2403:. Retrieved
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2371:
2359:. Retrieved
2357:. Royal Mint
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2308:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2197:
2185:. Retrieved
2181:"1933 penny"
2175:
2166:
2157:
2126:
2120:
2111:
2090:
2086:Pye, Charles
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2029:
2007:. Retrieved
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1975:
1967:the original
1953:
1929:
1862:Money portal
1843:
1836:
1197:thereafter.
1182:95.5% copper
1137:95.5% copper
1071:
975:
971:100% copper
942:100% copper
905:William Wyon
900:100% copper
871:100% copper
577:
568:
561:Please help
557:
546:
514:
507:
500:
489:
472:
469:20th century
443:
419:
416:19th century
399:
372:
368:Maundy money
364:Queen Anne's
361:
333:Act of Union
322:
312:
293:
278:
273:
269:
267:
245:
244:
208:
200:
151:Elizabeth II
113:(1860–1970)
107:(1797–1859)
101:(1707–1796)
64:
40:
36:Maundy money
3177:Circulating
2909:Crown (5/–)
2862:Sixpence (6
2835:Twopence (2
2829:West Indies
2770:Halfpenny (
1839:Heaton Mint
1601:Edward VII
1337:William IV
882:. Engraver
565:if you can.
492:Edward VIII
345:£1 sterling
281:Decimal Day
206:pre-decimal
192:Design date
95:Composition
3566:Categories
3086:(currency)
2746:Farthing (
2656:£sd system
1945:References
1740:George VI
1313:George IV
1233:2.5% zinc
1229:97% copper
1226:1961–1970
1202:1953–1954
1186:1.5% zinc
1179:1945–1952
1174:2.5% zinc
1170:97% copper
1148:1937–1943
1141:1.5% zinc
1122:1925–1936
1103:1911–1922
1096:Edward VII
1079:1902–1910
1060:1895–1901
1028:95% copper
1012:1860–1894
976:Young Head
958:1841–1860
947:William IV
924:1831–1837
895:1825–1827
855:1806–1807
836:Union Jack
820:George III
741:1817–1820
727:1795–1800
695:1763–1786
677:1729–1760
659:1716–1727
616:1708–1713
571:March 2022
482:'s reign.
480:Edward VII
446:Royal Mint
435:William IV
427:George III
410:Birmingham
383:George III
3084:Sterling
3039:Sovereign
3024:Britannia
2884:Australia
2339:March 11,
2314:March 11,
2286:March 11,
2261:March 11,
2236:March 11,
1645:George V
1160:George VI
1053:ONE PENNY
1049:Britannia
1004:Material
998:Diameter
888:Soho Mint
840:BRITANNIA
832:Britannia
776:Material
608:Material
503:George VI
496:abdicated
462:new coins
431:George IV
406:Soho Mint
389:e.g. the
379:George II
257:, and in
176:Britannia
127:1707–1970
3077:See also
2805:1
2794:Penny (1
2149:19512571
2088:(1801).
1987:27 April
1935:George V
1848:See also
1804:1954 ~ 1
1306:Mintages
1231:0.5% tin
1172:0.5% tin
1072:Old Head
1022:31.0 mm
1007:Summary
621:12.0 mm
611:Summary
547:require
484:George V
395:Anglesey
375:George I
357:shilling
341:£1 Scots
329:Scotland
263:pre-1707
259:Scotland
251:denarius
241:shilling
182:Designer
79:Diameter
3587:Pennies
3017:Bullion
2820:
2784:
2772:
2760:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2707:
2695:
2678:
2666:
2604:
2592:
2519:8 April
2131:509–511
2003:"Penny"
1959:"Penny"
1001:Weight
992:Minted
865:34.0mm
816:obverse
794:36.0mm
773:Weight
764:Minted
640:reverse
605:Weight
596:Minted
549:cleanup
456:, then
325:England
319:History
306:⁄
298:, with
279:Before
239:of one
234:⁄
225:of one
220:⁄
203:British
158:Reverse
132:Obverse
2687:Ceylon
2498:18 May
2476:18 May
2454:18 May
2432:18 May
2405:18 May
2383:18 May
2209:18 May
2187:18 May
2147:
2137:
2070:15 May
2037:
2009:10 May
1184:3% tin
1139:3% tin
1025:9.4 g
995:Image
985:Bronze
968:18.8g
939:18.6g
868:18.8g
814:. The
802:copper
797:28.3g
767:Image
757:Copper
634:copper
629:silver
627:92.5%
624:0.5 g
599:Image
528:Silver
215:worth
172:Design
146:Design
115:Bronze
109:Copper
103:Silver
3054:Lunar
2716:Malta
2361:4 May
1933:King
1921:Notes
1167:1944
800:100%
784:1797
770:Size
713:1792
632:7.5%
602:Size
270:pence
227:pound
209:penny
90:Plain
60:Value
48:penny
3003:£100
2521:2019
2500:2014
2478:2014
2456:2014
2434:2014
2407:2014
2385:2014
2363:2014
2341:2022
2316:2022
2288:2022
2263:2022
2238:2022
2211:2014
2189:2014
2145:OCLC
2135:ISBN
2072:2014
2035:ISBN
2011:2014
1989:2014
1037:zinc
974:The
848:SOHO
844:1797
433:and
377:and
343:and
327:and
201:The
195:1936
87:Edge
71:Mass
44:One
3464:Pts
3444:ℒ𝓈
3419:₢$
3414:Դր.
2998:£50
2993:£20
2983:25p
2636:50p
2631:20p
2626:10p
1035:1%
1032:tin
1030:4%
408:in
393:on
289:£sd
229:or
222:240
46:old
3568::
3515:𐆘
3510:𐆗
3505:𐆙
3493:𐆚
3469:ℛℳ
3344:Rs
3324:රු
3319:रू
3217:$
2988:£5
2935:d.
2916:d.
2897:d.
2878:d.
2864:d.
2855:d.
2846:d.
2837:d.
2823:d.
2796:d.
2787:d.
2763:d.
2739:d.
2710:d.
2704:12
2681:d.
2675:16
2646:£2
2641:£1
2621:5p
2616:2p
2611:1p
2415:^
2332:.
2307:.
2296:^
2279:.
2254:.
2227:.
2165:.
2143:.
2133:.
2100:^
2049:^
2019:^
1961:.
1255:c.
1240:.
1221:.
919:.
890:.
886:,
812:in
808:oz
750:.
654:.
498:.
429:,
359:.
315:.
236:12
3550:¤
3533:₿
3481:₷
3459:ℳ
3454:₥
3449:₶
3439:₤
3434:₠
3429:₯
3424:₰
3409:₳
3391:円
3386:¥
3381:₩
3376:₮
3371:₸
3366:₺
3361:৳
3355:C
3349:₪
3339:꠸
3334:௹
3329:૱
3314:₹
3309:₽
3304:៛
3299:﷼
3294:元
3289:₱
3277:₦
3272:£
3267:₾
3262:₭
3257:₴
3252:₲
3247:F
3242:ƒ
3237:€
3232:₼
3227:֏
3222:₫
3205:¢
3200:₡
3195:₵
3190:฿
3185:؋
3161:e
3154:t
3147:v
2937:)
2918:)
2899:)
2886:)
2882:(
2880:)
2866:)
2857:)
2848:)
2839:)
2831:)
2825:)
2817:2
2814:/
2811:1
2807:+
2798:)
2789:)
2781:2
2778:/
2775:1
2765:)
2757:4
2754:/
2751:1
2741:)
2733:8
2730:/
2727:1
2718:)
2714:(
2712:)
2701:/
2698:1
2689:)
2685:(
2683:)
2672:/
2669:1
2606:p
2601:2
2598:/
2595:1
2569:e
2562:t
2555:v
2523:.
2502:.
2480:.
2458:.
2436:.
2409:.
2387:.
2365:.
2343:.
2318:.
2290:.
2265:.
2240:.
2213:.
2191:.
2169:.
2151:.
2074:.
2043:.
2013:.
1991:.
1260:)
1045:.
644:I
584:)
578:(
573:)
569:(
313:d
308:2
304:1
301:+
287:(
274:d
246:d
232:1
218:1
65:d
63:1
38:.
20:)
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