526:
1930:
1764, the
British military finally recognised Simón de Anda y Salazar as the legitimate Governor of the Philippines, sending him a letter addressed to the "Real Audiencia Gobernadora y Capitanía General", after which Anda agreed to an armistice on the condition that the British forces withdraw from Manila by March. However, the British finally received their orders to withdraw in early March, and by mid-March the overdue Spanish governor for the Philippines, Brigadier Don Francisco de la Torre, finally arrived. This Spanish governor brought with him orders from London for Brereton and Backhouse to eventually hand over Manila to himself. Drake departed Manila on 29 March 1764, and the Manila Council elected
1943:
51:
88:
1859:
paid by Spain. Anda refused to recognise any of the agreements signed by Rojo as valid, claiming that the
Archbishop had been made to sign them under duress, and therefore, according to the statutes of the Council of the Indies, they were invalid. He also refused to negotiate with the British until he was addressed as the legitimate Governor-General of the Philippines, returning to the British the letters that were not addressed to that effect. All of these initiatives were later approved by Charles III, who rewarded him and other members of the Audiencia, such as
1802:
1685:. Several times the Archbishop wished to capitulate, but was prevented. That same day with very heavy battery fire, the British had successfully breached the walls of the bastion of San Diego. The British had emptied the water in the ditch, dismounted the cannons of that bastion and the two adjoining bastions, San Andes and San Eugeno. In addition they set fire to parts of the town, and drove the Spanish forces from the walls. At dawn of 6 October, British forces attacked the breach and took the fortifications, meeting little resistance.
1725:
325:
300:
1444:
1917:. The treaty stated that "All conquests not known about at the time of the signing of the treaty were to be returned to the original owners." The impasse continued in Manila however, as the British order to withdraw would not arrive for another six months, and Anda reinforced his blockade of the city. "During the final winter of the British occupation all pretence of cooperation amongst the British leaders was abandoned."
4431:
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1740:, assumed office as the Governor of Manila. He was assisted by a council of four, consisting of John L. Smith, Claud Russel, Henry Brooke and Samuel Johnson. When after several attempts, Drake realised that he was not obtaining as many financial assets as he expected, he formed a war council which he termed the "
2014:
made the expedition and the occupation rewarding more to the
British government than the East India Company as well as representing a severe loss to Spain. However, the British failure to extend control beyond Manila and Cavite made their occupation's continuation unviable: Captain Backhouse reported
1544:
but Spain remained neutral despite diplomatic approaches from both sides. The war began badly for the
British but as it progressed the tide of the war turned strongly in their favour and the neutral Spanish government became alarmed that the string of major French losses was transforming the British
1929:
on 10 February 1763. At the time of the signing, the signatories were not aware that Manila had been captured by the
British, and consequently, it fell under the general provision that all other lands not otherwise provided for be returned to the Spanish Crown. After Archbishop Rojo died in January
1858:
and its episcopal government, secured private property, and granted the citizens of the former
Spanish colony the rights of peaceful travel and of trade as British subjects. Under British control, the Philippines would continue to be governed by the Real Audiencia, the expenses of which were to be
1850:
which allowed for the devolution of authority from the
Governor to the Audiencia in cases of riot or invasion by foreign forces, as was the case presently. Anda, being the highest member of the Audiencia not under British control, assumed all powers and demanded the royal seal. Rojo declined to
1976:, who had signed a treaty of alliance with the British after they had freed him from Fort Santiago in Manila, where he had been imprisoned accused of treason, was also taken with the evacuating forces, in the hope that he could be of help to the aspirations of the East India Company in the
1704:
Once Manila was captured, "the soldiers turned to pillage." Rojo wrote that the sack actually lasted thirty hours or more, although he laid the blame on the
Spanish, Chinese and Filipino denizens of Manila, as much as upon the marauding soldiers. Rojo described the events in his journal.
2005:
The conflict over payment by Spain of the outstanding part of the ransom promised by Rojo in the terms of surrender, and compensation by
Britain for the excesses committed by Drake in Manila, continued in Europe for years afterwards. The capture of the Spanish treasure galleons
1549:
which was signed on 15 August 1761. By an ancillary secret convention, Spain committed to making preparations for war against
Britain. Britain first declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762, and on 18 January 1762, Spain issued their own declaration of war against Britain.
1589:
signed the instructions which permitted Draper to implement his scheme, emphasising that by taking advantage of the 'existing war with Spain', Britain might be able to assure her post-war mercantile expansion. Manila was one of the most important trading cities in
1696:, besides many wounded. Among the Filipino troops, there were 300 killed and 400 wounded. The British suffered 147 killed and wounded, of whom sixteen were officers. The British fleet expended more than 20,000 cannonballs and 5,000 bombs during their bombardment.
1825:
to organise continued resistance to the British. The Real Audiencia also appointed Anda as Lieutenant Governor and Visitor-General. That night, Anda took a substantial portion of the treasury and official records with him, departing Fort Santiago through the
1713:) objected at the end of the twenty-four hours, the pillage really continued, in spite of the orders of the British general (Draper) for it to cease. Rojo himself killed with his own hands a soldier he found transgressing his orders, and had three hanged."
1520:. In addition, the Spanish governor agreed to deliver a ransom to the British in exchange for the city being spared from any further sacking. However, the resistance from the provisional Spanish colonial government, established by members of the
76:
362:
1886:
which was reinforced by 400 Chinese civilians after Anda had ordered their executions for aiding the British. "In Bulacan alone 180 Chinese had been murdered in cold blood or had hanged themselves in fear." The British took
2034:, in his re-appointment of both Anda and Basco. It was not the first time that the Audiencia had assumed responsibility for the defence of the Philippines in the absence of a higher authority; in 1646, during the
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1270:
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87:
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1717:
Drake then demanded a ransom from the Spanish authorities in exchange for agreeing to stop his troops from any further acts of pillage. Rojo agreed to the ransom, which amounted to four million
1082:
348:
1934:
Provisional Deputy Governor. The British ended the occupation by embarking from Manila and Cavite in the first week of April 1764. The 79th Regiment finally arrived in Madras on 25 May 1765.
1709:"The city was given over the pillage, which was cruel and lasted for forty hours, without excepting the churches, the archbishopric, and a part of the palace. Although the captain-general (
1654:
The Spanish defeat at Manila was in part due to the neglect of the city's military preparedness and poor military leadership during the battle. This had come about because the former
1112:
2634:
1183:
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1863:, who had fought against the British. Anda eventually raised an army which amounted to over 10,000 combatants, most of them volunteer Filipinos, and although they lacked enough
3088:
1472:
4560:
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1528:, whose mostly Filipino troops prevented British forces from expanding their control beyond the neighbouring towns of Manila and Cavite, led to the project's abandonment.
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1609:. A secret committee of the East India Company agreed to provide a civil governor for the administration of the Islands, and in July 1762, they appointed
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Court". Drake imprisoned several Manilans on charges known "only known to himself", according to Captain Thomas Backhouse, who denounced Drake's court
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at Manila, through which on 5 October 1762, Lieutenant Governor Simón de Anda y Salazar escaped the British bombardment during the conquest of Manila.
1768:
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wished to extend its influence in the archipelago. As a result, there was an expectation that the commerce of Spain would suffer a 'crippling blow'.
4540:
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1465:
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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
2044:"the English conquest of the Philippines was just an imagined one, as the English never owned any land beyond the range of the cannons in Manila.
1846:. On 8 October 1762, Anda wrote to Rojo informing him that he had assumed the position of Governor and Capitan-General under the statutes of the
3435:
1964:, who was emboldened by Spanish vulnerability, was promised military assistance by the British if he began a revolt against the Spanish in the
1404:
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999:
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3796:
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When Britain ruled the Philippines, 1762-1764: the story of the 18th century British invasion of the Philippines during the Seven Years War
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and withdrew from there on 7 February. In the spring of 1763, Backhouse undertook another expedition against Anda, advancing as far as
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1855:
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3147:
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The old Spanish maps Alexander Dalrymple took from Manila gave the British information about the Pacific, encouraging the quest for
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577:
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3827:
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in "Maritime China in Transition, 1750-1850", ed. by Wang Gungwu and Ng Chin Keong, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 355–372.
1505:
for eighteen months, from the 6th October 1762 to the first week of April 1764. The occupation was an extension of the larger
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attack. As Francisco Leandro Viana, who was in Manila during the 18-month occupation, explained to King Charles III in 1765,
1354:
775:
644:
629:
535:
1972:, who had taken over the leadership, was captured and executed by the Spanish along with the remaining rebel forces. Sultan
1658:, Pedro Manuel de Arandia, had died in 1759 and his replacement, Francisco de la Torre, had not arrived due to the British
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3000:
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1573:'s scheme for taking Manila with his forces, which were already in the East Indies. Draper was commanding officer of the
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1574:
1399:
1389:
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1968:, but such aid never materialised. Silang was later assassinated by his own friends, and the revolt was aborted after
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753:
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had already appointed Simón de Anda y Salazar as the new Governor-General as provided for under the statutes of the
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The British had accepted the written surrender of the Philippines from Archbishop Rojo on 30 October 1762, but the
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into a major threat to Spanish overseas interests. France successfully negotiated a treaty with Spain known as the
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as a temporary Lieutenant Governor. As a result, many military mistakes were made by the defenders of the city.
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3103:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
1882:. Then on 19 January, the following year, the British sent an expedition commanded by Captain Sleigh against
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4266:
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1980:. As British forces suffered increasing frustration and the unity of the commanders broke down, a number of
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1710:
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728:
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989:
253:
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2027:
1973:
1847:
1582:
1193:
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969:
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1721:. By the time the British left, only a quarter of the ransom was paid, and the matter quietly dropped.
587:
420:
444:
4393:; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
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1950:
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405:
17:
1913:. On 24 July, news arrived of the cessation of fighting and on 26 August a preliminary draft of the
463:
434:
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3544:
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3379:
3367:
3335:
3247:
3038:
2950:
1931:
1903:
1805:
Map showing the chronological advance of British troops from Manila toward parts of Northern Luzon.
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to go around, they were successful in keeping the British largely confined to Manila and Cavite.
1737:
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1448:
1072:
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964:
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597:
572:
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2038:, it temporarily assumed the government and maintained the defence of the Philippines against a
2537:
Chinese Merchants, Catholic Clerics and Spanish Colonists in British-Occupied Manila, 1762-1764
340:
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2283:
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1981:
1977:
1606:
1537:
780:
758:
69:
1748:. The British expedition was further rewarded after the capture of the Spanish treasure ship
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Cornish and the East Indies Squadron departed in early 1763, leaving two frigates behind,
1659:
1300:
790:
723:
557:
157:
2430:. Philippine Center for Advanced Studies, University of the Philippines. pp. 17–18.
1854:
The surrender agreement between Archbishop Rojo and the British military guaranteed the
1509:
between Britain and France, which Spain had recently entered on the side of the French.
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1087:
914:
810:
488:
483:
478:
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451:
271:
213:
2390:
Zaide, Gregorio F, Philippine History and Government, National Bookstore, Manila, 1984
4459:
4276:
4096:
3277:
3161:
1999:
1995:
1965:
1879:
1794:
1689:
1636:
1414:
1224:
634:
125:(Spanish Philippine colonial government retains control outside of Manila and Cavite)
2427:
Diego Silang and the Origins of Philippine Nationalism - Issue 5 of Monograph series
4306:
4014:
3575:
3569:
3550:
3315:
3050:
2957:
2896:
2890:
2512:
Pitt's 'Gallant Conqueror': The Turbulent Life of Lieutenant General William Draper
1961:
1843:
1517:
825:
805:
624:
2491:
2425:
2252:
75:
4423:
3919:
3820:
3631:
3235:
3135:
2850:
2844:
1831:
1602:
1566:
1513:
1502:
1046:
1031:
1789:
1677:
On 5 October 1762 (4 October local calendar), the night before the fall of the
3696:
3677:
3420:
3199:
2818:
2735:
1678:
1640:
1586:
1305:
1142:
820:
183:
92:"The Attack of Manilla, October 1762", depicting the British capture of Manila
4342:
3195:
2944:
2728:
2237:
The English expedition to Manila and the Philippine Islands in the year 1762
1987:
1774:
1667:
959:
894:
562:
1666:. In the interim, the Spanish Crown appointed the militarily inexperienced
1651:, captured Manila, "the greatest Spanish fortress in the western Pacific".
2282:. Donostia-San Sebastián: Jean-Claude Larronde ed. lit. pp. 535–538.
1842:, which was more secure, and quickly obtained the powerful support of the
4270:
4185:
3464:
3416:
3165:
3092:
3078:
3074:
3044:
2832:
2589:
1896:
1892:
1839:
1760:
1753:
1741:
1280:
795:
770:
738:
718:
673:
609:
122:
2573:
4179:
3512:
3472:
3065:
2822:
2781:
2586:. Translated by James Alexander Robertson. The Arthur H. Clark Company.
2570:. Translated by James Alexander Robertson. The Arthur H. Clark Company.
2330:
Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office.
1946:
1888:
1883:
1835:
1827:
1693:
1632:
869:
830:
688:
118:
27:
Occupation of the Philippine city by the British between 1762 and 1764
4189:
3564:
3329:
3107:
2709:
2544:
Manila Ransomed: The British Assault on Manila in the Seven Years War
1875:
1864:
1756:
1688:
During the siege, the Spanish lost three officers, two sergeants, 50
1578:
1562:
1498:
713:
708:
698:
113:
2030:, as was pointed out by Anda and retrospectively confirmed by King
1635:, and four store ships with a force of 6,839 regulars, sailors and
3690:
3412:
2884:
1991:
1984:
1941:
1871:
1814:
1800:
1788:
1723:
800:
1797:, Manila, marking the departure point of Simón de Anda y Salazar.
3241:
1851:
surrender it and refused to recognise Anda as Governor-General.
1591:
703:
4294:
4206:
3943:
3452:
3124:
2799:
2692:
2616:
1870:
On 26 November, Captain Backhouse dispersed Anda's troops from
1781:
alone was valued at $ 1.5 million and the ship at $ 3 million.
344:
1834:, and then to Bulacan. He moved headquarters from Bulacan to
524:
2567:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 Volume XLIX, 1762-1765
2457:. Sevilla: Archivo General de Indias. pp. V. 718.
3428:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
2583:
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 Volume L, 1762-1765
2473:
The Seven Years' War: Global Views History of Warfare
2280:
The contribution of the Basque men to the Philippines
1925:The Seven Years' War ended with the signing of the
267:
250:
237:
223:
207:
193:
177:
163:
153:
139:
129:
109:
97:
34:
1891:on 22 January, but failed to advance upon Anda in
1681:, the Spanish military persuaded Rojo to summon a
2240:. University of California, Berkeley. p. 52.
1878:and sepoys so they could ensure their control of
2017:the enemy are in full possession of the country
2214:. Public Record Office (PRO), Admiralty Papers.
1707:
1627:On 24 September 1762, a British fleet of eight
1540:were belligerents in what was later termed the
1874:and soon after, established a post, manned by
1728:Map of the British conquest of Manila in 1762.
3955:
2628:
2338:. Republic of the Philippines. Archived from
2325:
2323:
1466:
356:
8:
4556:1764 disestablishments in the British Empire
4390:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
4373:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
4251:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2366:The Secretary at War to Mr. Secretary Conway
2359:
2357:
2050:
1813:had organised a war council and dispatched
1516:for trade in the region, particularly with
4291:
4203:
3977:
3962:
3948:
3940:
3449:
3121:
2796:
2689:
2635:
2621:
2613:
2368:. London: British Library. pp. v. 40.
1830:of Our Lady of Solitude, to a boat on the
1473:
1459:
499:
363:
349:
341:
86:
31:
4561:1764 disestablishments in the Philippines
4546:1762 establishments in the British Empire
1497:occupied the Spanish colonial capital of
925:Igorot resistance to Spanish colonization
3434:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
2471:Danley, Mark; Speelman, Patrick (2012).
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2087:
1512:The British wanted to use Manila as an
664:Historically documented states/polities
534:
513:
502:
128:
4551:1762 establishments in the Philippines
4419:Historical flags of the British Empire
4403:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
2440:
2306:. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. 2003.
2103:
2212:Cornish to Council at Fort St. George
2067:Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
249:
236:
232:
206:
202:
192:
176:
172:
162:
18:British occupation of the Philippines
7:
4496:Philippines–United Kingdom relations
2603:British Occupation of Manila article
2411:
2399:
2378:
2197:
2185:
2015:to the Secretary of War in London, "
1643:from Madras. The expedition, led by
319:Captaincy General of the Philippines
306:Captaincy General of the Philippines
4230:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
3073:. British Cameroons is now part of
1656:Governor-General of the Philippines
1491:colonial history of the Philippines
3089:unilaterally declared independence
2784:1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802
2304:When Britain Ruled the Philippines
2094:Danley & Speelman pp. 463-464.
25:
4296:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
4275:Occupied by Argentina during the
2453:Viana, Francisco Leandro (1765).
2254:The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803
1773:which carried a cargo of Chinese
1601:Upon arriving in India, Draper's
865:Voyage of Miguel López de Legazpi
578:Lal-lo and Gattaran Shell Middens
4471:1760s in the Spanish East Indies
4439:
4430:
4429:
3842:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
2546:. (University of Exeter Press).
2332:"The British Conquest of Manila"
1442:
323:
298:
73:
49:
4541:1764 in the Spanish East Indies
4536:1763 in the Spanish East Indies
4531:1762 in the Spanish East Indies
2607:Presidential Museum and Library
2336:Presidential Museum and Library
2234:Leebrick, Karl Clayton (2007).
1553:On 6 January 1762, the British
1524:and led by Lieutenant Governor
4338:Australian Antarctic Territory
3194:since 1965 (before as part of
3191:British Indian Ocean Territory
3077:, while Tanganyika is part of
2708:since 1960 (before as part of
2609:. Republic of the Philippines.
2580:Emma Helen Blair, ed. (1907).
2564:Emma Helen Blair, ed. (1907).
2278:B. Rodríguez, Eulogio (2003).
2165:. University of Exeter Press.
1577:, which was then stationed at
1271:2000 campaign against the MILF
776:Laguna Copperplate Inscription
630:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
1:
2036:Battles of La Naval de Manila
935:Battles of La Naval de Manila
4486:Wars involving Great Britain
2649:British Overseas Territories
2257:. BiblioBazaar. p. 18.
1672:Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra
1594:during this period, and the
1487:British occupation of Manila
786:Limestone tombs of Kamhantik
390:British occupation of Manila
36:British occupation of Manila
4365:British Antarctic Territory
4075:Western Pacific Territories
2455:Manifiesto del Fiscal Viana
2224:British naval calendar date
1670:-born Archbishop of Manila
1587:George III of Great Britain
1276:2nd People Power Revolution
1266:1997 Asian financial crisis
1000:Declaration of Independence
101:Occupation of Manila by the
4577:
4526:1764 in the British Empire
4521:1763 in the British Empire
4516:1762 in the British Empire
4476:Military history of Manila
4466:British invasion of Manila
4103:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
3520:British Arctic Territories
2364:Backhouse, Thomas (1765).
2251:Blair, Emma Helen (2008).
1821:to the provincial town of
1620:
1617:British conquest of Manila
1005:American capture of Manila
4414:
4383:
4343:Commonwealth of Australia
4301:
4290:
4261:
4213:
4202:
4168:
3975:
3939:
3745:Newfoundland and Labrador
3459:
3448:
3426:League of Nations mandate
3407:
3131:
3120:
3101:Lancaster House Agreement
3071:League of Nations mandate
3060:
2806:
2795:
2699:
2688:
2655:
2424:Routledge, David (1979).
2053:Terra Australis Incognita
1536:At the time, Britain and
885:Spanish capture of Manila
386:
277:
263:
233:
219:
203:
189:
173:
85:
64:
46:
41:
3873:Turks and Caicos Islands
3180:(protectorate) 1907–1949
2752:(integrated into the UK)
2210:Cornish, Samuel (1761).
2161:Tracy, Nicholas (1995).
2024:Royal Audience of Manila
1811:Royal Audience of Manila
1522:Royal Audience of Manila
1495:Kingdom of Great Britain
1345:Administrative divisions
1060:American colonial period
980:Republic of Biak-na-Bato
816:Butuan Silver Paleograph
801:Batanes Ijang fortresses
744:Sultanate of Maguindanao
615:Cordillera Rice Terraces
104:Kingdom of Great Britain
4511:1764 in the Philippines
4506:1763 in the Philippines
4501:1762 in the Philippines
4156:1919–1942 and 1945–1968
3981:18th and 19th centuries
3797:Queen Charlotte Islands
3757:North-Western Territory
3729:1665–1674 and 1702–1776
3332:1781–1784 and 1795–1819
2997:1923–1965 and 1979–1980
2680:Commonwealth of Nations
2590:other formats available
2574:other formats available
2542:Tracy, Nicholas (1995)
2535:Borschberg, P. (2004),
1819:Simón de Anda y Salazar
1711:Simon de Anda y Salazar
1623:Battle of Manila (1762)
1569:, and approved Colonel
1526:Simón de Anda y Salazar
1240:People Power Revolution
1020:Philippine–American War
854:Spanish colonial period
130:Official languages
3906:West Indies Federation
3095:) and continued as an
2678:Current member of the
2605:on the website of the
2510:Draper, James (2006).
2490:Fish, Shirley (2003),
2051:
1958:
1806:
1798:
1729:
1715:
1557:led by Prime Minister
1489:was an episode in the
1449:Philippines portal
1425:Science and technology
1042:UST Baybayin Documents
990:Treaty of Paris (1898)
568:Austronesian expansion
553:Early hominin activity
529:
3828:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3099:state until the 1979
2705:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2028:Council of the Indies
1974:Azim ud-Din I of Sulu
1945:
1848:Council of the Indies
1809:In the meantime, the
1804:
1792:
1736:, an official of the
1727:
1679:walled city of Manila
1575:79th Regiment of Foot
1370:Cultural achievements
1194:Filipino First policy
1184:Mutual Defense Treaty
1138:Philippine resistance
970:Philippine Revolution
930:Spanish–Moro conflict
920:Revolts and uprisings
806:Golden Tara of Agusan
528:
228:Spanish colonial rule
140:Common languages
4481:Wars involving Spain
4356:Realm of New Zealand
4354:(transferred to the
4341:(transferred to the
4174:Realm of New Zealand
3775:Prince Edward Island
3653:1671–1816, 1833–1960
2496:, 1stBooks Library,
2032:Charles III of Spain
1990:and settled down in
1951:Our Lady of Solitude
1732:On 2 November 1762,
1585:. Weeks later, King
1430:World Heritage Sites
1296:Territorial disputes
1199:North Borneo dispute
1189:Hukbalahap Rebellion
1153:Philippines campaign
1148:Battle of Leyte Gulf
1128:Battle of Corregidor
1103:Tydings–McDuffie Act
995:Battle of Manila Bay
985:Spanish–American War
593:Precolonial barangay
4387:Since 2009 part of
4279:of April–June 1982.
3866:Trinidad and Tobago
3480:Antigua and Barbuda
3380:Straits Settlements
2402:, pp. 132–133.
2008:Santissima Trinidad
1932:Alexander Dalrymple
1861:José Basco y Vargas
1777:. The cargo of the
1561:, agreed to attack
1291:Philippine drug war
1253:Contemporary period
1220:Communist rebellion
1118:Japanese occupation
1083:Military Government
1037:Doctrina Christiana
945:Propaganda Movement
900:Spanish East Indies
890:Battle of Bangkusay
836:Magellan expedition
754:Sultanates of Lanao
749:Sultanate of Buayan
3539:Cape Breton Island
3430:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
3272:Unfederated States
3087:Southern Rhodesia
2674:Commonwealth realm
2530:Additional sources
2342:on 20 October 2014
1959:
1807:
1799:
1785:Spanish resistance
1770:Santísima Trinidad
1738:East India Company
1730:
1690:troops of the line
1596:East India Company
1093:Insular Government
1078:Zamboanga Republic
975:Tejeros Convention
965:Cry of Pugad Lawin
950:1872 Cavite mutiny
658:Precolonial period
598:Maritime Silk Road
573:Angono Petroglyphs
545:Prehistoric period
530:
146: •
4453:
4452:
4410:
4409:
4286:
4285:
4218:Providence Island
4198:
4197:
4163:
4162:
4031:Western Australia
3999:Van Diemen's Land
3935:
3934:
3912:Associated States
3610:Columbia District
3444:
3443:
3298:Manila and Cavite
3116:
3115:
2995:Southern Rhodesia
2989:South-West Africa
2939:Northern Rhodesia
2851:Cape of Good Hope
2791:
2790:
2668:Current territory
2503:978-1-4107-1069-7
2264:978-0-559-25329-4
1978:Sultanate of Sulu
1765:battle off Cavite
1660:capture of Havana
1629:ships of the line
1607:brigadier general
1483:
1482:
1330:Ancient religions
1311:COVID-19 pandemic
1166:Post-independence
905:Captaincy General
781:Butuan Ivory Seal
759:Sultanate of Sulu
640:Prehistoric beads
497:
496:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
311:
310:
209:• 1762–1764
179:• 1760–1820
158:Roman Catholicism
78:
70:God Save the King
16:(Redirected from
4568:
4491:Seven Years' War
4443:
4433:
4432:
4398:Antarctic Treaty
4359:
4346:
4331:Falkland Islands
4323:Tristan da Cunha
4315:Ascension Island
4292:
4243:Falkland Islands
4204:
4172:Now part of the
4044:Pitcairn Islands
4009:Auckland Islands
3978:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3941:
3926:Windward Islands
3880:Vancouver Island
3657:MassachusettsBay
3526:British Columbia
3450:
3266:Federated States
3122:
3032:Tristan da Cunha
3001:Southern Nigeria
2933:Northern Nigeria
2812:Ascension Island
2797:
2753:
2690:
2664:Former territory
2661:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2614:
2587:
2571:
2525:
2506:
2486:
2459:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2158:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2056:
1542:Seven Years' War
1507:Seven Years' War
1475:
1468:
1461:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1179:Treaty of Manila
1123:Battle of Bataan
1068:Tagalog Republic
1010:Malolos Congress
955:La Liga Filipina
940:British invasion
910:Tondo Conspiracy
880:Blockade of Cebu
841:Battle of Mactan
765:Events/Artifacts
668:(north to south)
604:Events/Artifacts
588:Sa Huỳnh culture
518:
500:
489:2nd Binalatongan
459:1st Binalatongan
381:
375:
374:Seven Years' War
365:
358:
351:
342:
327:
326:
315:
314:
302:
301:
295:
294:
279:
278:
241:Battle of Manila
195:Governor-General
90:
80:
79:
53:
32:
21:
4576:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4406:
4379:
4353:
4351:Ross Dependency
4340:
4297:
4282:
4257:
4209:
4194:
4164:
4159:
4115:
4110:Solomon Islands
4057:North Australia
4037:South Australia
3993:New South Wales
3971:
3968:
3931:
3651:Leeward Islands
3455:
3440:
3403:
3310:Muscat and Oman
3127:
3112:
3056:
2802:
2787:
2751:
2695:
2684:
2659:
2651:
2641:
2599:
2579:
2563:
2560:
2558:Further reading
2532:
2522:
2509:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2439:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2163:Manila Ransomed
2160:
2159:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2072:Siege of Havana
2063:
1940:
1927:Treaty of Paris
1923:
1856:Catholic Church
1787:
1719:Spanish dollars
1702:
1625:
1619:
1534:
1501:and the nearby
1479:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1375:Diet and health
1324:
1316:
1315:
1301:Siege of Marawi
1256:
1245:
1244:
1235:Fourth Republic
1215:
1204:
1203:
1169:
1158:
1157:
1133:Second Republic
1073:Negros Republic
1063:
1052:
1051:
857:
846:
845:
791:Kabayan Mummies
661:
650:
649:
558:Homo luzonensis
548:
517:the Philippines
516:
509:
498:
493:
382:
373:
371:
369:
324:
299:
256:
254:Treaty of Paris
243:
210:
180:
117:
102:
93:
81:
74:
60:
55:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4394:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4348:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4224:Willoughbyland
4221:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4176:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4125:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4040:
4034:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
3996:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3944:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3887:Virgin Islands
3883:
3877:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3854:South Carolina
3851:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3751:North Carolina
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3685:Mosquito Coast
3682:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3614:Oregon Country
3607:
3603:Cayman Islands
3599:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3561:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3517:
3509:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3423:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3392:Trucial States
3389:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3104:
3085:Self-governing
3082:
3068:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2857:Central Africa
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2816:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2745:
2742:Ionian Islands
2739:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2645:British Empire
2642:
2640:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:External links
2595:
2594:
2593:
2577:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2514:. I.B.Tauris.
2507:
2502:
2487:
2481:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2445:
2443:, p. 116.
2433:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2383:
2371:
2353:
2319:
2312:
2295:
2288:
2270:
2263:
2243:
2226:
2217:
2202:
2190:
2178:
2171:
2108:
2106:, p. 101.
2096:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2059:
1939:
1936:
1922:
1919:
1915:Peace of Paris
1786:
1783:
1734:Dawsonne Drake
1701:
1698:
1683:council of war
1649:Samuel Cornish
1645:William Draper
1639:, sailed into
1621:Main article:
1618:
1615:
1613:for the post.
1611:Dawsonne Drake
1571:William Draper
1547:Family Compact
1533:
1530:
1503:port of Cavite
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1395:Historiography
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:Communications
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Queen consorts
1337:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Oakwood mutiny
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1261:Fifth Republic
1257:
1255:(1986–present)
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Third Republic
1170:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1088:Moro Rebellion
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1015:First Republic
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Manila galleon
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:Treaty of Cebu
872:
867:
858:
852:
851:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
811:Monreal Stones
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
762:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
662:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
532:
531:
521:
520:
511:
510:
503:
495:
494:
492:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
448:
447:
442:
437:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
387:
384:
383:
370:
368:
367:
360:
353:
345:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
321:
312:
309:
308:
303:
291:
290:
285:
275:
274:
272:Spanish dollar
269:
265:
264:
261:
260:
257:
251:
248:
247:
246:6 October 1762
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
225:
224:Historical era
221:
220:
217:
216:
214:Dawsonne Drake
211:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
91:
83:
82:
72:
62:
61:
56:
48:
47:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4573:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4436:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4293:
4289:
4278:
4277:Falklands War
4274:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4208:South America
4205:
4201:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4097:Union Islands
4095:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3965:
3960:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3809:Rupert's Land
3807:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3769:Paulet affair
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3715:New Hampshire
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:New Brunswick
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3454:North America
3451:
3447:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:South Vietnam
3372:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2798:
2794:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2624:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2552:9780859894265
2549:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2521:9781845111779
2517:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2482:9789004236448
2478:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2414:, p. 158
2413:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2381:, p. 126
2380:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2313:1-4107-1069-6
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2291:
2289:84-8419-931-2
2285:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2172:0-8598-9426-6
2168:
2164:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:Ilocos Region
1963:
1956:
1955:Fort Santiago
1952:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:Laguna de Bay
1877:
1873:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1796:
1795:Fort Santiago
1791:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1583:British India
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:Moro conflict
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
855:
850:
849:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
768:
767:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
670:
669:
665:
659:
654:
653:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Manunggul Jar
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
605:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
541:
540:
537:
533:
527:
523:
522:
519:
512:
507:
501:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:
453:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
432:
431:
430:
429:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
393:
392:
391:
385:
380:
376:
366:
361:
359:
354:
352:
347:
346:
343:
322:
320:
317:
316:
313:
307:
304:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
276:
273:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
245:
242:
229:
226:
222:
218:
215:
212:
198:
196:
188:
185:
182:
168:
166:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
132:
124:
120:
115:
112:
108:
105:
100:
96:
89:
84:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4388:
4371:
4363:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4307:Saint Helena
4305:
4249:
4241:
4091:Cook Islands
4042:
4015:New Hebrides
3984:20th century
3900:West Florida
3885:
3871:
3803:Rhode Island
3781:Pennsylvania
3739:Newfoundland
3676:
3601:
3551:East Florida
3522:16th c.–1880
3511:
3463:
3360:Crown Colony
3348:Pulo Condore
3322:Crown Colony
3316:North Borneo
3297:
3189:
3148:Protectorate
3097:unrecognised
3091:in 1965 (as
3030:
2983:South Africa
2971:Sierra Leone
2958:Saint Helena
2956:
2951:Orange River
2829:Bechuanaland
2810:
2768:Protectorate
2727:
2703:
2667:
2647:and Current
2582:
2566:
2543:
2536:
2511:
2492:
2472:
2454:
2448:
2436:
2426:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2386:
2374:
2365:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:the original
2335:
2303:
2298:
2279:
2273:
2253:
2246:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2162:
2099:
2090:
2048:
2043:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2004:
1962:Diego Silang
1960:
1954:
1924:
1921:Final months
1910:
1905:
1901:
1869:
1853:
1844:Augustinians
1808:
1778:
1769:
1749:
1731:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1687:
1676:
1664:Spanish Cuba
1653:
1626:
1600:
1552:
1535:
1511:
1486:
1484:
1113:World War II
1108:Commonwealth
1025:
1024:
939:
859:
826:Barter rings
764:
763:
667:
666:
663:
625:Kalanay Cave
603:
602:
583:Jade culture
450:
449:
426:
425:
389:
388:
288:Succeeded by
287:
282:
65:
29:
4424:Anglosphere
4142:New Zealand
4051:New Zealand
3920:West Jersey
3835:Saint Lucia
3821:Saint Kitts
3815:Saint Croix
3795:1763–1791*
3763:Nova Scotia
3709:New England
3665:, 1691–1776
3632:East Jersey
3620:Connecticut
3499:Bay Islands
3386:Transjordan
3304:Mesopotamia
3142:Afghanistan
3136:Aden Colony
2921:Niger Coast
2887:) 1874–1957
2863:East Africa
2845:Cape Colony
2835:) 1884–1966
2825:) 1868–1966
2441:Draper 2006
2200:, p. 3
2188:, p. 2
2104:Draper 2006
1953:inside the
1832:Pasig River
1763:, and in a
1752:, carrying
1603:brevet rank
1567:West Indies
1559:John Stuart
1355:Archaeology
1350:Agriculture
1230:Martial law
1214:(1965–1986)
1168:(1946–1965)
1062:(1898–1946)
1047:Velarde map
1032:Boxer Codex
856:(1565–1898)
645:Shell tools
620:Grave goods
515:History of
474:Barrio Pias
416:2nd Bulacan
411:1st Bulacan
379:Philippines
283:Preceded by
259:31 May 1764
4460:Categories
4376:since 1908
4368:since 1908
4334:since 1833
4326:since 1816
4318:since 1815
4310:since 1658
4267:department
4254:since 1908
4246:since 1833
4047:since 1838
4027:Swan River
4021:Queensland
3908:1958–1962
3890:since 1666
3876:since 1799
3727:New Jersey
3697:New Albion
3681:since 1632
3678:Montserrat
3659:1629–1691
3606:since 1670
3528:1858–1866
3516:since 1619
3468:since 1650
3421:Bangladesh
3356:1841–1946
3318:1882–1963
3284:Federation
3262:1819–1826
3200:Seychelles
3144:1839–1842
3035:since 1816
3019:Tanganyika
2977:Somaliland
2965:Seychelles
2961:since 1658
2881:Gold Coast
2875:The Gambia
2819:Basutoland
2815:since 1815
2757:Free State
2750:1542–1800
2736:Heligoland
2732:since 1713
2465:References
2346:20 October
1700:Occupation
1694:militiamen
1641:Manila Bay
1532:Background
1306:Bangsamoro
1212:Marcos era
1143:Hukbalahap
821:Piloncitos
660:(900–1565)
452:Pangasinan
184:George III
4360:1841–1947
4347:1841–1933
4238:1831–1966
4232:1670–1688
4226:1651–1667
4220:1631–1641
4150:1914–1962
4144:1907–1947
4137:1901–1942
4135:Australia
4130:1900–1974
4124:1900–1970
4112:1893–1978
4105:1892–1979
4099:1889–1948
4093:1888–1901
4087:Rarotonga
4083:1884–1902
4077:1877–1976
4071:1874–1970
4065:1851–1901
4059:1846–1847
4053:1841–1907
4039:1836–1901
4033:1829–1901
4023:1824–1901
4017:1824–1980
4011:1807–1863
4005:1803–1901
3995:1788–1901
3928:1833–1960
3922:1674–1702
3914:1967–1983
3902:1763–1783
3896:1607–1776
3882:1849–1866
3868:1889–1962
3862:1862–1863
3856:1712–1776
3850:1635–1644
3844:1627–1979
3837:1605–1979
3830:1882–1983
3823:1623–1983
3817:1625–1650
3811:1670–1870
3805:1636–1776
3799:1853–1863
3789:1620–1691
3783:1681–1776
3777:1763–1873
3765:1713–1867
3759:1859–1870
3753:1712–1776
3747:1583–1907
3741:1907–1949
3735:1664–1776
3723:1637–1662
3721:New Haven
3717:1680–1776
3711:1686–1689
3705:1784–1867
3693:1628–1983
3687:1655–1860
3673:1632–1776
3647:1655–1962
3640:1733–1776
3634:1674–1702
3628:1701–1776
3622:1636–1776
3616:1818–1846
3598:1663–1712
3590:1867–1931
3584:1841–1867
3578:1791–1841
3572:1791–1841
3560:1762–1974
3553:1763–1783
3547:1763–1978
3541:1754–1820
3532:1866–1871
3508:1871–1981
3501:1643–1860
3495:1624–1966
3489:1670–1973
3482:1860–1981
3475:1632–1860
3400:1898–1930
3394:1892–1971
3388:1921–1946
3382:1826–1946
3376:1945–1946
3370:1946–1963
3368:Singapore
3362:1946–1963
3350:1702–1705
3344:1786–1946
3338:1923–1948
3336:Palestine
3324:1946–1963
3312:1891–1971
3306:1920–1932
3300:1762–1764
3294:1796–1965
3286:1948–1957
3280:1946–1948
3274:1885–1946
3268:1895–1946
3256:1848–1946
3250:1918–1961
3244:1811–1816
3238:1858–1947
3232:1841–1997
3230:Hong Kong
3226:1878–1960
3220:1795–1948
3214:1888–1984
3208:1824–1948
3196:Mauritius
3186:1874–1963
3174:1757–1947
3168:1812–1824
3158:1685–1824
3156:Bencoolen
3150:1879–1919
3138:1839–1967
3053:1887–1897
3047:1890–1963
3041:1890–1962
3027:1900–1910
3025:Transvaal
3021:1922–1961
3015:1899–1956
3009:1893–1968
3007:Swaziland
3003:1900–1914
2991:1915–1931
2985:1910–1931
2979:1884–1960
2973:1792–1961
2967:1903–1976
2953:1900–1910
2947:1891–1964
2945:Nyasaland
2941:1924–1964
2935:1900–1914
2929:1914–1960
2923:1884–1900
2917:1856–1910
2911:1810–1968
2909:Mauritius
2905:1807–1808
2899:1862–1906
2893:1920–1963
2877:1816–1965
2871:1882–1922
2865:1895–1920
2859:1891–1907
2853:1806–1910
2847:1795–1803
2841:1919–1961
2839:Cameroons
2776:1813–1964
2770:1800–1813
2759:1921–1931
2744:1809–1864
2738:1807–1890
2729:Gibraltar
2724:1878–1960
2718:1794–1796
2672:*Current
2475:. Brill.
2412:Fish 2003
2400:Fish 2003
2379:Fish 2003
2198:Fish 2003
2186:Fish 2003
2083:Citations
2078:Citations
1938:Aftermath
1909:and HMS
1904:HMS
1775:porcelain
1746:as a sham
1692:, and 30
1493:when the
1400:Languages
1390:Geography
1380:Education
1365:Conflicts
1098:Jones Law
1026:Artifacts
960:Katipunan
895:New Spain
563:Tabon Man
547:(pre-900)
469:Bayambang
440:2nd Vigan
435:1st Vigan
154:Religion
42:1762–1764
4435:Category
4271:Colombia
4186:Kiribati
4063:Victoria
4003:Tasmania
3894:Virginia
3860:Stickeen
3848:Saybrook
3787:Plymouth
3733:New York
3671:Maryland
3663:Province
3626:Delaware
3596:Carolina
3588:Dominion
3582:Province
3545:Dominica
3493:Barbados
3465:Anguilla
3436:disputed
3417:Pakistan
3292:Maldives
3166:Billiton
3093:Rhodesia
3079:Tanzania
3075:Cameroon
3051:Zululand
3045:Zanzibar
2833:Botswana
2061:See also
2012:Filipina
2010:and the
1988:deserted
1970:his wife
1906:Falmouth
1897:Batangas
1893:Pampanga
1840:Pampanga
1793:Sign at
1779:Trinidad
1761:Acapulco
1754:American
1750:Filipina
1633:frigates
1631:, three
1514:entrepôt
1420:Politics
1410:Military
1405:Medicine
1323:By topic
1281:EDSA III
796:Baybayin
771:Maragtas
739:Sanmalan
719:Madja-as
674:Caboloan
610:Balangay
536:Timeline
506:a series
504:Part of
484:Calasiao
421:Batangas
268:Currency
123:Pampanga
4426:culture
4180:Vanuatu
3970:Oceania
3645:Jamaica
3638:Georgia
3558:Grenada
3513:Bermuda
3487:Bahamas
3473:Antigua
3354:Sarawak
3066:Namibia
2927:Nigeria
2903:Madeira
2823:Lesotho
2782:Minorca
2748:Ireland
2716:Corsica
2643:Former
1947:Postern
1911:Seaford
1889:Malolos
1884:Bulacan
1876:lascars
1865:muskets
1836:Bacolor
1828:postern
1823:Bulacan
1742:Chottry
1668:Mexican
1637:marines
1605:became
1565:in the
1555:Cabinet
1385:Economy
870:Sandugo
831:Luzones
724:Dapitan
694:Maynila
689:Namayan
479:Dagupan
377:in the
252:•
239:•
165:Monarch
148:Spanish
144:Tagalog
134:English
119:Bacolor
110:Capital
66:Anthem:
4445:Portal
4265:Now a
4236:Guiana
4190:Tuvalu
3793:Quebec
3565:Canada
3506:Belize
3398:Weihai
3342:Penang
3330:Padang
3260:Malaya
3254:Labuan
3248:Kuwait
3224:Cyprus
3218:Ceylon
3212:Brunei
3184:Borneo
3178:Bhutan
3172:Bengal
3108:Zambia
3039:Uganda
2801:Africa
2774:Colony
2764:Malta
2722:Cyprus
2710:Cyprus
2694:Europe
2660:Legend
2550:
2518:
2500:
2479:
2310:
2286:
2261:
2169:
2000:Cainta
1998:, and
1996:Taytay
1985:sepoys
1982:Indian
1757:silver
1579:Madras
1563:Havana
1538:France
1499:Manila
1335:Rulers
860:Events
734:Butuan
714:Sandao
709:Pulilu
699:Ibalon
679:Cainta
508:on the
445:Piddig
428:Ilocos
406:Laguna
401:Cavite
396:Manila
199:
169:
114:Manila
98:Status
68:
4188:and *
4154:Nauru
4148:Samoa
4122:Tonga
4081:Papua
3691:Nevis
3576:Upper
3570:Lower
3413:India
3278:Union
3236:India
3206:Burma
3162:Banka
3013:Sudan
2915:Natal
2897:Lagos
2891:Kenya
2885:Ghana
2869:Egypt
2040:Dutch
1992:Pasig
1872:Pasig
1815:Oidor
1759:from
1518:China
1415:Names
684:Tondo
4184:Now
4178:Now
4128:Niue
4069:Fiji
3771:1843
3699:1579
3419:and
3411:Now
3242:Java
3198:and
3164:and
3126:Asia
3106:Now
3064:Now
2548:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2477:ISBN
2348:2014
2308:ISBN
2284:ISBN
2259:ISBN
2167:ISBN
1817:Don
1767:the
1647:and
1592:Asia
1485:The
729:Cebu
704:Ma-i
464:Agno
58:Flag
4269:of
2019:".
1949:of
1662:in
1581:in
4462::
3415:,
2356:^
2334:.
2322:^
2111:^
2057:.
2046:"
2002:.
1994:,
1899:.
1838:,
121:,
116:,
4400:.
4358:)
4345:)
4140:*
4133:*
4108:*
4089:/
4029:/
4001:/
3963:e
3956:t
3949:v
3840:*
3833:*
3826:*
3643:*
3612:/
3563:*
3556:*
3504:*
3485:*
3478:*
3471:*
3202:)
3081:.
2883:(
2831:(
2821:(
2712:)
2636:e
2629:t
2622:v
2592:)
2588:(
2576:)
2572:(
2524:.
2485:.
2350:.
2316:.
2292:.
2267:.
2175:.
1474:e
1467:t
1460:v
364:e
357:t
350:v
20:)
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