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462:'s Kampfgruppe (taskforce) Gilsa II. In autumn 1942, Kaminski ordered a compulsory draft into the militia of able-bodied men in the area. Units were also reinforced with "volunteers" drafted from Soviet POWs at nearby Nazi concentration camps. Kaminski ordered the collection of abandoned (usually because of minor mechanical failures, or lack of fuel) Soviet tanks and armored cars. By November 1942, his unit was in possession of at least two
342:.) Under Kaminski's command, the unit committed numerous war crimes and atrocities in the German-occupied Soviet Union and in Poland. The unit is regarded as one of the most brutal units, with Kaminski himself feared by his subordinates. Kaminski's behavior made the Germans lose confidence in him: in August 1944, he was court-martialed and executed. His Brigade was later disbanded and its remaining personnel absorbed into General
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606:: Regenschauer (up to 7,000 "bandits" reported as killed), Frühlingsfest (7,011 "bandits" reported as killed and 1,065 weapons captured) and Kormoran (7,697 "bandits" reported as killed and 325 weapons captured). During these operations, local civilians were murdered as "suspected partisans" or deported as slave laborers, their villages burnt down.
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unmarried men and sending them (some sources mentioned that they had four T-34 tanks, one SU-76 and a few artillery pieces) to Warsaw as a mixed regiment under field command of
Kaminski's brigade chief-of-staff, SS-Sturmbannführer Yuri Frolov. Later in 1945 Frolov stated that the regiment had up to 1,600 men and 7 artillery pieces and 4 mortars.
407:, approached the German military administration with a proposal to assist the Germans in establishing a civil administration and local police. Voskoboinik was appointed by the Germans as the Starosta (or Mayor) of the "Lokot volost" and the head of the German-controlled local militia. Kaminski became Voskoboinik's deputy. Working with
696:, as the stolen property was to have been delivered to Himmler, but Kaminski and his men had attempted to keep it for themselves. Also executed with Kaminski was his brigade chief-of-staff Waffen-Obersturmbannführer Ilya Shavykin, his driver, and his brigade surgeon, F.N. Zabora, and his translator, G. Sadovsky.
543:, Soviet counter offensives forced the brigade to retreat. On 29 July 1943 Kaminski issued orders for the evacuation of the property and families of the RONA brigade and the Lokot authorities. Up to 30 thousand persons (10-11 thousand of them were brigade members) were transferred by the Germans to the
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The brigade's structure was reorganized in the spring of 1943. After the reorganization, the brigade consisted of 5 regiments with 3 battalions each, an anti-aircraft battalion (3 AA guns and 4 heavy machine guns) and an armored unit. A separate "guard" battalion was also created, bringing the total
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with all his regiment (he was offered amnesty if his entire regiment joined the partisans), Kaminski flew to his headquarters and according to one account, strangled him and eight others in front of his men. Despite this, up to 200 people deserted within the following two days. By the beginning of
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In the summer of 1943, the brigade began to suffer major desertions, due in part to the recent Soviet victories, but also due in part to the efforts of the partisans to "turn" as many of
Kaminski's troops as possible. As a part of these efforts, there were several attempts on Kaminski's life. Each
645:, in the Ochota area, where the Kaminski Brigade committed numerous atrocities (murder, rape and robbery). His troops committed almost 700 murders though numbering only 1% of German forces at the time of the Warsaw uprising. Kaminski thought himself to have direct authority from the SS commander
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the two collaborators organized a militia of 10,000 armed hands with the aim of crushing the
Russian partisans. After the death in combat of Voskoboinik on 8 January 1942, Kaminski took over as Mayor and leader of the militia. In 1942 the militia was named Russian Liberation National Army (RONA)
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was placed in charge of
Kampfgruppe Reinefarth, a pacification unit which consisted of the Kaminski along with the Dirlewanger and several other Ordnungspolizei and SS rear area units. Hitler personally requested Kaminski's assistance, and the latter obliged by gathering a task force of 1,700
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At the end of 1943, after German withdrawal from Russia to
Belarus, local Belarus police, Soviet prisoners of war and convicts freed from prison were incorporated into the brigade. The force became part of the Waffen-SS and was formed as Stormtroopers Brigade "Kaminski". On 27 January 1944,
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By
October 1941, the German military advance into the Soviet Union reached the area of Lokot near the city of Bryansk, which was itself captured by German forces on 6 October 1941. In November 1941, Bronislav Kaminski, along with his close friend, a local technical school teacher,
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The death of
Kaminski and the unreliability of his troops as a combat unit brought the plans to expand the Kaminski Brigade to a division to an end. After Kaminski's death, his unit was placed under the command of SS-Brigadeführer and Generalmajor der Polizei
633:. Plans were made for a non-German SS Division, and the structure was laid down for the 29.Waffen-Grenadier-Division der SS (russische Nr.1). On 1 August 1944 Kaminski received a new rank - Waffen-Brigadeführer and Major-General of the Waffen-SS.
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451:. Kaminski was appointed the Chief Mayor of the republic of Lokot, and brigade commander of the local militia. He administered local government and established his own courts, jails and newspaper. Private enterprise was encouraged and
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tanks and one 76 mm artillery piece. Owing to a lack of military uniform and boots, the
Germans provided Kaminski's brigade with enough used uniforms to outfit four battalions. However, by late 1942, the militia of the
478:, around 8,000 men under arms. By January 1943 the brigade had 9,828 men, including an armored unit with one heavy KV-II, two medium T-34, three BT-7 and two BT-5 light tanks and three armoured cars (one BA-10, two BA-20).
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and many did. Kaminski's brigade soon lost any combat worthiness and
Kaminski himself focused entirely on collecting valuables stolen from civilian homes. Perhaps 10,000 residents of Warsaw were killed in the
412:(rus. Русская Освободительная Народная Армия), which reached a force of tens of thousands. During this time Kaminski was leader of the Lokot Republic, which had half a million inhabitants in its territory.
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During the retreat, desertions from the brigade increased greatly, and the entire formation seemed close to disintegration. When the commander of the Second
Regiment, Major Tarasov, decided to join the
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October 1943, the brigade had lost two thirds of its personnel, while still in possession of 12 tanks (8 of them T-34s), one 122 mm, three 76 mm and eight 45 mm artillery pieces.
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outside Kaminski's headquarters. Fearing a breakdown in command, a German liaison staff was attached to Kaminski's HQ to restructure the brigade and return stability to the unit.
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time, Kaminski narrowly avoided death and any captured conspirators were punished by execution. Several German officers passing through Lokot reported seeing bodies hanging from
500:. This operation was followed by similar operations, Freischütz and Tannhäuser, where the brigade, together with other units under German command, was involved in action against
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Bronislav (also transliterated German-style as "Bronislaw") Kaminski was born in Vitebsk Governorate, the Russian Empire, now in Polotsk District, Belarus. His father was an
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The Warsaw Uprising began 1 August 1944. On 4 August 1944, a combat-ready regiment of the brigade was ordered to assist in crushing the rebellion. SS-Gruppenführer
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area in western Belarus. At this point, the brigade's ranks were replenished by the addition of police forces from Belarus. In March 1944, the brigade was renamed
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711:, and smeared goose blood all over it, as evidence. The demoralized unit was soon moved out of town and stationed to the north, far from any partisan activity.
390:, as well as working with Germans and Poles. He was accused of "belonging to a counter-revolutionary group". In 1941 he was released from prison and settled in
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443:, Schmidt and the 532 Area commander, Kaminski received a degree of autonomy and nominal self-governing authority, under the supervision of Major
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assured the commanders that Kaminski's unit was "ready to actively fight the guerrillas" as well as to carry on a propaganda campaign against "
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378:. After demobilization he returned to the institute, and after graduation worked at a chemical plant. In 1935 he was expelled from the
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According to post-war Soviet estimates, up to 10,000 civilians were killed during the existence of the Kaminski formation in Lokot.
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1076:"Протокол судебного заседания Военной коллегии Верховного суда СССР по делу военнослужащих бригады РОНА Ивана Фролова и других"
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From June 1942, Kaminski's militia took part in the major action codenamed "Operation Vogelsang", as a part of General
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On 15 February 1944, Kaminski issued an order for the brigade and Lokot administration to retreat further west to the
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used the misconduct of the Warsaw group as a pretext for having Kaminski and his leadership executed after trial by
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in Belarus by the end of August 1943. The brigade, together with "evacuated" civilians, finally settled in the
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559:. This area had active partisans, and the brigade was involved in heavy combat for the rest of the year.
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The men of the brigade were given the false explanation that Kaminski had been killed by
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In mid March 1942, Kaminski's representative at the German Second Panzer Army at
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Janusz Marszalec: Z krzyżem świętego Jerzego, "Polityka" nr 31/2001, ss.66-68
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and renamed Waffen-Sturm-Brigade RONA, with Kaminski being given the rank of
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The brigade took part, alongside other German units, in the May–June 1943
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The Kings and the Pawns: Collaboration in Byelorussia during World War II
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338:, RONA). (Older publications mistakenly give Kaminski's first name as
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Justice Behind the Iron Curtain: Nazis on Trial in Communist Poland
489:("Gypsy Baron"). Following this operation, the brigade was part of
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580:, 2nd Class, and on the same day with the Iron Cross, 1st Class.
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took Kaminski's car, pushed it into a ditch, shot it up with a
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Frolov noted in 1944 that Kaminski gave his men permission to
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rewarded Kaminski's "achievements" by decorating him with the
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Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
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Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR)
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Annihilation: Volume II: The European Rimlands 1939-1953
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In June 1944, the brigade was absorbed as a part of the
594:. From 11 April 1944, it was attached to SS-Kampfgruppe
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535:, during operation "Frühlingsfest", Belarus, May 1944
703:. When Kaminski's men rejected this explanation, the
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and he did not want to accept orders from SS General
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brigade strength up to an estimated 12 thousand men.
1054:(in Polish). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. p. 367.
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The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939-45
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641:In 1944 Kaminsky took part in the crushing of the
915:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 220–221.
1625:People from the Russian Empire of Polish descent
1620:People from the Russian Empire of German descent
1585:Executed Russian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1185:Janusz Marszalec: "Z krzyżem świętego Jerzego",
653:, who was in charge of German forces in Warsaw.
326:. The Kaminski Brigade later became part of the
16:Russian Axis collaborator and military commander
314:formation made up of people from the so-called
1635:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class
1600:Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad
302:, 16 June 1899 – 28 August 1944) was a Soviet
1258:Russian collaborationism with the Axis powers
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508:operations against the civilian population.
883:. Staplehurst: Spellmount. pp. 91–92.
374:and then served in the Red Army during the
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1150:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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963:Charles D. Winchester, Ian Drury (2011).
372:Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University
336:Russkaya Osvoboditelnaya Narodnaya Armiya
1534:National Alliance of Russian Solidarists
1363:30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
531:Bronislav Kaminski and personnel of the
334:(Russian People Liberation Army –
84:8 January 1942 – 26 August 1943
1655:Russian people executed by Nazi Germany
1112:(in Polish). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza.
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493:, the massive offensive to destroy the
1650:Russian people convicted of war crimes
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1078:. Wolfschanze.narod.ru. Archived from
969:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 343.
942:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 348.
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318:territory (1941–1943) in part of the
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748:Anti-Partisan Guerrilla Warfare Badge
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692:). They were tried for stealing the
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370:in Nazi Germany). He studied at the
300:Бронисла́в Владисла́вович Ками́нский
1590:Executed Soviet people from Belarus
1194:The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922-1945
673:, most murdered by Kaminski's men.
604:mass murder and security operations
380:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1282:National Socialist Party of Russia
1165:Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw
427:. Soon after the commander of the
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850:Rising '44: The Battle for Warsaw
471:had expanded to the size of a 14-
292:Bronislav Vladislavovich Kaminski
48:Bronislav Vladislavovich Kaminski
1595:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
539:After the failure of the German
280:Waffen-Sturm-Brigade der SS RONA
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1685:Soviet people of German descent
1358:1st SS Special Regiment Waräger
816:. Berghahn Books. p. 317.
622:, the only man with such rank.
312:anti-partisan and rear-security
1675:Executed Soviet mass murderers
1605:People executed by Nazi courts
1348:Russian National People's Army
939:Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939-45
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1705:Warsaw Uprising German forces
1514:Eastern Front of World War II
1302:Russian People's Labour Party
880:SS: Hell on the Western Front
202:Warlord of the Bryansk Forest
21:Eastern Slavic naming customs
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1338:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
1660:Russian Waffen-SS personnel
1570:Deaths by firearm in Poland
1343:First Russian National Army
1333:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
786:. Oxford University Press.
651:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
620:Waffen-Brigadeführer der SS
270:Waffen-Brigadeführer der SS
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1196:(1981) ASIN: B001KNA5RO
1011:Operation Zigeunerbaron
737:2nd Class (27 Jan 1944)
734:1st Class (27 Jan 1944)
487:Operation Zigeunerbaron
348:Russian Liberation Army
1645:Russian mass murderers
1486:Konstantin Voskoboinik
991:"After The Blitzkrieg"
966:Hitler's War on Russia
877:Bishop, Chris (2003).
723:Awards and decorations
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504:and also took part in
405:Konstantin Voskoboinik
362:and his mother was an
322:-occupied area of the
163:German-occupied Poland
95:Konstantin Voskoboinik
1529:Russian Fascist Party
1110:Powstanie warszawskie
1052:Powstanie warszawskie
810:Rein, Leonid (2011).
780:Levene, Mark (2013).
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242:Years of service
70:Ober-Burgomeister of
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1192:Reitlinger, Gerald,
1189:nr 31/2001, ss.66-68
1033:Operation Tannhäuser
1022:Operation Freischütz
936:Chris McNab (2013).
909:Prusin, Alexander V.
332:SS Sturmbrigade RONA
159:Reichsgau Wartheland
60:Kaminski in May 1944
1436:Vyacheslav Naumenko
743:Eastern Front Medal
627:Operation Bagration
170:Cause of death
135:Vitebsk Governorate
1394:Sultan Klych-Girey
1389:Bronislav Kaminski
1379:Sergei Bunyachenko
1199:Stein, George H.,
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905:Finder, Gabriel N.
688:in Litzmannstadt (
589:Volksheer-Brigade
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107:Position abolished
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1524:Lienz extradition
1471:Sergey Taboritsky
1409:Antonina Makarova
1316:Combat formations
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976:978-1-849-08995-1
949:978-1-472-80644-4
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866:978-0-670-03284-6
625:As the result of
541:Operation Citadel
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441:Günther von Kluge
437:Army Group Centre
421:Jewish Bolshevism
376:Russian Civil War
304:Nazi collaborator
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1491:Milety Zykov
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1384:Vladimir Gil
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1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
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993:. Scribd.com
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324:Soviet Union
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236:Nazi Germany
224:Soviet Union
150:(1944-08-28)
132:16 June 1899
106:
102:Succeeded by
79:
36:
28:
1560:1944 deaths
1555:1899 births
1494: [
1422: [
1285: [
1140:. Warszawa.
1138:Ochota 1944
760:Wound Badge
709:machine gun
455:abolished.
384:Great Purge
360:ethnic Pole
194:, 1st Class
90:Preceded by
33:family name
1549:Categories
1086:2013-11-23
997:2013-11-23
767:References
729:Iron Cross
578:Iron Cross
523:In Belarus
473:battalions
354:Early life
340:Mieczyslaw
212:Allegiance
192:Iron Cross
128:1899-06-16
25:patronymic
1203:. (1994)
1167:. (2004)
1146:cite book
852:. (2004)
631:Neuhammer
616:Waffen-SS
610:In the SS
585:Dzyatlava
502:partisans
328:Waffen-SS
261:1941–1943
252:1918–1921
80:In office
1700:Warlords
1510:See also
1187:Polityka
1136:(1970).
1108:(1978).
1050:(1978).
911:(2018).
762:in Black
731:of 1939
591:Kaminski
555:area of
547:area of
506:reprisal
429:2nd Army
276:Commands
199:Nickname
38:Kaminski
705:Gestapo
574:Himmler
557:Vitebsk
549:Vitebsk
514:gallows
498:salient
476:brigade
392:Bryansk
330:as the
296:Russian
1372:People
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449:Rübsam
423:" and
320:German
233:
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188:Awards
23:, the
1498:]
1426:]
1297:]
677:Death
553:Lepel
545:Lepel
495:Kursk
310:, an
1213:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1169:ISBN
1152:link
1114:ISBN
1056:ISBN
971:ISBN
944:ISBN
917:ISBN
885:ISBN
862:ISBN
854:ISBN
818:ISBN
788:ISBN
690:Łódź
666:loot
464:BT-7
417:Orel
266:Rank
145:Died
122:Born
346:'s
35:is
27:is
1551::
1496:ru
1424:ru
1295:pl
1293:;
1291:uk
1289:;
1287:ru
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294:(
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126:(
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
