332:
33:
186:
176:
166:
555:
468:
546:, with Bronisława to be its director. She supervised the construction and recruitment, while Marie raised funds in the United States and elsewhere, and despite the death of Kazimierz in 1930, Bronisława continued to run and oversee the creation of the facility. On 29 May 1932, the Institute was officially opened, with Bronisława as the first director.
398:
The father was eventually fired by his
Russian supervisors for pro-Polish sentiments, and forced to take lower-paying posts; the family also lost money on a bad investment, and eventually chose to supplement their income by lodging boys in the house. Her mother, Bronisława, operated a prestigious
403:
in May 1878, when the young Bronisława was only 13 years old, leaving the teenager, now the eldest woman in the family, to care for Helena, Maria, and Józef. Less than three years earlier, Bronisława's older sister, Zofia, had died of
505:, who took refuge there with his family. The patriotic Bronisława Dłuska scolded him for using his great literary talent for purposes other than bettering the future of his native Poland, which Conrad had left at age 16.
362:
On both the paternal and maternal sides, the family had lost their property and fortunes through patriotic involvements in Polish national uprisings aimed at restoring Poland's independence (the most recent had been the
605:
424:. Maria helped her sister financially, under an agreement that Maria would help Bronisława during her medical studies, in exchange for similar assistance when Maria went to study in Paris.
347:
Bronisława was born 28 March 1865 in Warsaw to Władysław Skłodowski and Bronisława Skłodowska, both of whom were teachers. The second eldest of five children, she had three sisters—Zofia,
395:
for boys. After
Russian authorities eliminated laboratory instruction from the Polish schools, he brought much of the laboratory equipment home, and instructed his children in its use.
416:
In 1882 Bronisława graduated from secondary school with a gold medal. Unable to study at institutions of higher learning that did not admit women, she joined the underground
439:. The couple were active in the local community; she ran a medical clinic, many of her clients being workers and their families, and the couple's apartment functioned as a
562:
On 15 April 1939, Bronisława died of natural causes, aged 74. She is interred in the family tomb with her parents, her sisters Zofia and Helena, and her brother Józef.
1063:
597:
446:
At her sister's insistence, Maria joined the couple in Paris in 1891 to start her own studies at the
Sorbonne. Maria lived with them for a time before renting a
1108:
1103:
389:, who would become a leading figure in Polish literature. Her father, Władysław Skłodowski, taught mathematics and physics, and was also director of two Warsaw
631:
909:
331:
1118:
1113:
1073:
1035:
727:
803:
1093:
1098:
942:
542:, began work setting up a second Radium Institute in Warsaw. Building began in 1925 with the laying of the foundation stone of the
1078:
972:
32:
873:
688:
879:
694:
763:
663:
165:
836:
1068:
517:
356:
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185:
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554:
901:
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535:
462:
304:
254:
222:
179:
513:
90:
657:
467:
189:
1088:
1083:
735:
715:
491:
436:
421:
420:, tutoring to fund her future studies. At age 19 she left for Paris, where she studied medicine at
399:
Warsaw boarding school for girls; she resigned from the position after Maria was born. She died of
376:
311:
203:
121:
1003:
811:
391:
954:
930:
453:
Bronisława and
Kazimierz had a daughter, Helena, in 1892, then a son, Jakub, a few years later.
523:
Now free to return to a Warsaw no longer under
Russian rule, the Dłuskis set up a tuberculosis
367:
of 1863–65). This left the subsequent generation to a difficult struggle to get ahead in life.
995:
938:
869:
723:
684:
440:
417:
987:
571:
386:
364:
636:
483:
278:
67:
450:
closer to the university than Bronisława's apartment - a one-hour carriage ride distant.
71:
1057:
502:
293:
1007:
1011:
524:
400:
863:
678:
516:
regained its independence, and
Kazimierz joined the Polish delegates at the 1919
986:(Special issue: Radioanalytics–Dedicated to Marie Skłodowska–Curie): 1547–1554.
767:
509:
498:
476:
428:
352:
336:
315:
38:
991:
479:
432:
335:
Bronisława Dłuska (centre right) with father Władysław Skłodowski and sisters
284:
840:
296:
109:
999:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
487:
244:
240:
937:, translated by Halina Najder, Rochester, New York, Camden House, 2007,
538:
in Paris in 1918, Maria, now known by her adopted French given name of
447:
405:
382:
300:
63:
553:
528:
466:
330:
16:
Polish physician, first director of the Radium-Institut in Warsaw
831:
829:
598:"Program indeksacji aktów stanu cywilnego i metryk kościelnych"
973:"Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867–1934)—her life and discoveries"
497:
Beginning in early August 1914, one of
Zakopane's notable
644:(13): 16–17. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009
475:
She and
Kazimierz returned to Poland in 1898 to set up a
837:"Marie Curie – Student in Paris (1891–1897) Part 1"
764:"Marie Curie – Polish Girlhood (1867–1891) Part 1"
501:
visitors was the Polish-born
English-language novelist
292:; 28 March 1865 – 15 April 1939) was a
1036:"Warsaw in the footsteps of Maria Skłodowska-Curie"
250:
236:
217:
209:
199:
160:
143:
115:
105:
97:
78:
52:
23:
435:and married political exile and fellow-physician
625:
623:
490:. Kazimierz was not permitted to travel to the
443:for Polish exiles, immigrants, and expatriates.
839:. American Institute of Physics. Archived from
766:. American Institute of Physics. Archived from
722:. University of California Press. p. 291.
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
534:Following the successful opening of the first
8:
305:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology
255:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology
223:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology
734:Undoubtedly the most important novelist of
31:
20:
630:Wierzewski, Wojciech A. (21 June 2008).
1064:Polish obstetricians and gynaecologists
583:
314:, and was an older sister of physicist
299:, and co-founder and first director of
136: 1890; died 1930)
912:from the original on 24 September 2015
655:
591:
589:
587:
310:She was married to political activist
37:Bronisława Dłuska (right) with sister
608:from the original on 18 November 2017
283:
277:
7:
1109:19th-century Polish women physicians
1104:20th-century Polish women physicians
868:. New American Library. p. 32.
683:. New American Library. p. 12.
634:[Maria's Mazowsze Roots].
427:In 1890 Bronisława graduated as a
381:, had been a respected teacher in
14:
221:Co-founder and first director of
720:The History of Polish Literature
558:Skłodowski family tomb in Warsaw
184:
174:
164:
971:Skwarzec, Bogdan (March 2011).
882:from the original on 2023-07-26
697:from the original on 2023-07-26
133:
1119:19th-century Polish physicians
1114:20th-century Polish physicians
1074:People from Warsaw Governorate
900:Sarv, Henn (3 November 2014).
471:Bronisława Dłuska, before 1901
1:
677:Reid, Robert William (1974).
150:
42:
862:Robert William Reid (1974).
632:"Mazowieckie korzenie Marii"
385:, where he taught the young
279:[brɔɲiˈswavaˈdwuska]
1094:People from Congress Poland
596:Genealogia, Genealodzy.PL.
518:Versailles Peace Conference
492:Russian partition of Poland
412:Education and life in Paris
408:contracted from a boarder.
1135:
1099:University of Paris alumni
460:
370:Her paternal grandfather,
170:Order of Polonia Restituta
992:10.1007/s00216-011-4771-3
662:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
264:
260:
229:
195:
147:Helena Dłuska (1892—1922)
30:
527:in the Warsaw suburb of
1038:. Warsaw Tourist Office
544:Warsaw Radium Institute
463:Curie Institute, Warsaw
1079:Physicians from Warsaw
959:Joseph Conrad: A Life
935:Joseph Conrad: A Life
559:
472:
344:
91:Second Polish Republic
602:metryki.genealodzy.pl
557:
470:
334:
275:Polish pronunciation:
190:Medal of Independence
57:Bronisława Skłodowska
738:was Bolesław Prus...
902:"Bronisława Dłuska"
804:"Bronisława Dłuska"
418:Floating University
213:University of Paris
204:University of Paris
180:Gold Cross of Merit
1069:Polish oncologists
770:on 2 November 2011
560:
473:
345:
980:Anal Bioanal Chem
808:Unlearned Lessons
802:Podogrocka, Ewa.
729:978-0-520-04477-7
482:in the southern,
271:Bronisława Dłuska
268:
267:
231:Scientific career
25:Bronisława Dłuska
1126:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1010:. Archived from
977:
968:
962:
952:
946:
928:
922:
921:
919:
917:
897:
891:
890:
888:
887:
859:
853:
852:
850:
848:
833:
824:
823:
821:
819:
810:. Archived from
799:
780:
779:
777:
775:
760:
741:
740:
712:
706:
705:
703:
702:
674:
668:
667:
661:
653:
651:
649:
627:
618:
617:
615:
613:
593:
536:Radium Institute
457:Return to Poland
437:Kazimierz Dłuski
380:
372:Józef Skłodowski
365:January Uprising
355:—and a brother,
312:Kazimierz Dłuski
291:
281:
276:
188:
178:
168:
155:
152:
137:
135:
122:Kazimierz Dłuski
85:
47:
44:
35:
21:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1018:
1014:
975:
970:
969:
965:
955:Zdzisław Najder
953:
949:
931:Zdzisław Najder
929:
925:
915:
913:
899:
898:
894:
885:
883:
876:
861:
860:
856:
846:
844:
835:
834:
827:
817:
815:
814:on 1 April 2018
801:
800:
783:
773:
771:
762:
761:
744:
730:
716:Miłosz, Czesław
714:
713:
709:
700:
698:
691:
676:
675:
671:
654:
647:
645:
637:Gwiazda Polarna
629:
628:
621:
611:
609:
595:
594:
585:
580:
568:
552:
486:resort town of
484:Tatra Mountains
465:
459:
441:"culture salon"
414:
374:
329:
324:
274:
210:Alma mater
183:
173:
153:
148:
139:
131:
127:
124:
93:
87:
83:
74:
68:Congress Poland
61:
59:
58:
48:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1132:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
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1096:
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1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1027:
963:
961:, 2007, p. 44.
947:
923:
892:
874:
854:
843:on 7 June 2007
825:
781:
742:
728:
707:
689:
669:
619:
582:
581:
579:
576:
575:
574:
567:
564:
551:
548:
477:pulmonological
458:
455:
413:
410:
328:
325:
323:
320:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
248:
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238:
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227:
226:
219:
218:Known for
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
162:
158:
157:
154: 1896/97
149:Jakub Dłuski (
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:
120:
119:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
86:(aged 74)
80:
76:
75:
72:Russian Empire
62:
56:
54:
50:
49:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1131:
1120:
1117:
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1110:
1107:
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1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
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1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1017:on 2016-03-04
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
974:
967:
964:
960:
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951:
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943:1-57113-347-X
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769:
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749:
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696:
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686:
682:
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673:
670:
665:
659:
643:
639:
638:
633:
626:
624:
620:
607:
603:
599:
592:
590:
588:
584:
577:
573:
572:Bolesław Prus
570:
569:
565:
563:
556:
549:
547:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
503:Joseph Conrad
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
478:
469:
464:
456:
454:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:gynaecologist
425:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
402:
396:
394:
393:
388:
387:Bolesław Prus
384:
378:
373:
368:
366:
360:
358:
354:
350:
343:(right), 1890
342:
338:
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82:15 April 1939
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:28 March 1865
55:
51:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1040:. Retrieved
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1012:the original
983:
979:
966:
958:
950:
934:
926:
914:. Retrieved
905:
895:
884:. Retrieved
864:
857:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
816:. Retrieved
812:the original
807:
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
733:
719:
710:
699:. Retrieved
679:
672:
658:cite journal
646:. Retrieved
641:
635:
610:. Retrieved
601:
561:
539:
533:
525:preventorium
522:
507:
496:
474:
452:
445:
433:obstetrician
426:
422:the Sorbonne
415:
401:tuberculosis
397:
390:
369:
361:
346:
309:
288:
270:
269:
251:Institutions
230:
84:(1939-04-15)
18:
1089:1939 deaths
1084:1865 births
865:Marie Curie
680:Marie Curie
612:17 November
510:World War I
499:World War I
375: [
339:(left) and
316:Marie Curie
98:Nationality
46: 1886
1058:Categories
1021:2015-09-03
886:2016-11-02
875:0002115395
847:7 November
774:7 November
736:the period
701:2016-11-02
690:0002115395
578:References
480:sanitarium
461:See also:
327:Early life
289:Skłodowska
106:Occupation
1042:22 August
945:, p. 463.
916:23 August
818:22 August
648:23 August
297:physician
200:Education
110:Physician
1008:40787185
1000:21390567
910:Archived
906:Geni.com
880:Archived
718:(1983).
695:Archived
606:Archived
566:See also
488:Zakopane
392:gymnasia
245:Oncology
241:Medicine
225:, Warsaw
144:Children
89:Warsaw,
138:
130:
126:
1006:
998:
941:
872:
726:
687:
514:Poland
508:After
448:garret
406:typhus
383:Lublin
351:, and
349:Helena
341:Helena
301:Warsaw
294:Polish
287:
237:Fields
161:Awards
156:—1903)
116:Spouse
101:Polish
64:Warsaw
1015:(PDF)
1004:S2CID
976:(PDF)
550:Death
540:Marie
379:]
357:Józef
353:Maria
337:Maria
132:(
128:
39:Maria
1044:2015
996:PMID
939:ISBN
918:2015
870:ISBN
849:2011
820:2015
776:2011
724:ISBN
685:ISBN
664:link
650:2015
614:2017
529:Anin
322:Life
79:Died
53:Born
988:doi
984:400
642:100
307:.
303:'s
285:née
1060::
1002:.
994:.
982:.
978:.
957:,
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908:.
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656:{{
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273:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
