881:
tritium leak as a low priority despite public concern and the laboratory's agreement to follow local environmental regulations. DOE's on-site oversight office, the
Brookhaven Group, was directly responsible for Brookhaven's performance, but it failed to hold the laboratory accountable for meeting all of its regulatory commitments, especially its agreement to install monitoring wells. Senior DOE leadership also shared responsibility because they failed to put in place an effective system that encourages all parts of DOE to work together to ensure that contractors meet their responsibilities on environmental, safety and health issues. Unclear responsibilities for environment, safety and health matters has been a recurring problem for DOE management.
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675:(EIC) in the United States. In addition to the site selection, it was announced that the BNL EIC had acquired CD-0 (mission need) from the Department of Energy. BNL's eRHIC design proposes upgrading the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, which collides beams light to heavy ions including polarized protons, with a polarized electron facility, to be housed in the same tunnel.
216:
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interested in or affected by the actions of the
Laboratory. It consists of representatives from 26 local business, civic, education, environment, employee, government, and health organizations. The CAC sets its own agenda, brings forth issues important to the community, and works to provide consensus recommendations to Laboratory management.
888:
Shortly after winning the contract to operate the lab in 1997, BSA formed a
Community Advisory Council (CAC) to advise the laboratory director on cleanup projects and other items of interest to the community. The CAC represents a diverse range of interests and values of individuals and groups who are
872:
In
January 1997, ground water samples taken by BNL staff revealed concentrations of tritium that were twice the allowable federal drinking water standards—some samples taken later were 32 times the standard. The tritium was found to be leaking from the laboratory's High Flux Beam Reactor's spent-fuel
296:
BNL operations are overseen by a
Department of Energy Site office, is staffed by approximately 2,750 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support personnel, and hosts 4,000 guest investigators every year. The laboratory is guarded by a Department of Energy Protective Force, has a full service fire
639:
project to develop and build two proton intersecting storage rings. The groundbreaking for the project was in
October 1978. In 1981, with the tunnel for the accelerator already excavated, problems with the superconducting magnets needed for the ISABELLE accelerator brought the project to a halt, and
859:
For other than approved Public Events, the
Laboratory is closed to the general public. The lab is open to the public on several Sundays during the summer for tours and special programs. The public access program is referred to as 'Summer Sundays' and takes place in July, and features a science show
880:
The responsibility for failing to discover
Brookhaven's tritium leak has been acknowledged by laboratory managers, and DOE admits it failed to properly oversee the laboratory's operations. Brookhaven officials repeatedly treated the need for installing monitoring wells that would have detected the
860:
and a tour of the lab's major facilities. The laboratory also hosts science fairs, science bowls, and robotics competitions for local schools, and lectures, concerts, and scientific talks for the local community. The Lab estimates that each year it enhances the science education of roughly 35,000
876:
DOE's and BNL's investigation of this incident concluded that the tritium had been leaking for as long as 12 years without DOE's or BNL's knowledge. Installing wells that could have detected the leak was first discussed by BNL engineers in 1993, but the wells were not completed until 1996. The
884:
Since 1993, DOE has spent more than US$ 580 million on remediating soil and groundwater contamination at the lab site and completed several high-profile projects. These include the decommissioning and decontamination of the
Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor, removal of mercury-contaminated
275:
Research at BNL includes nuclear and high energy physics, energy science and technology, environmental and bioscience, nanoscience, and national security. The 5,300 acre campus contains several large research facilities, including the
659:(RHIC) was put forward. The construction got funded in 1991 and RHIC has been operational since 2000. One of the world's only two operating heavy-ion colliders, RHIC is as of 2010 the second-highest-energy collider after the
2752:
654:
After ISABELLE'S cancellation, physicist at BNL proposed that the excavated tunnel and parts of the magnet assembly be used in another accelerator. In 1984 the first proposal for the accelerator now known as the
734:(NSLS-II), Brookhaven's newest user facility, opened in 2015 to replace the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), which had operated for 30 years. NSLS was involved in the work that won the 2003 and 2009
2936:
666:
On
January 9, 2020, It was announced by Paul Dabbar, undersecretary of the US Department of Energy Office of Science, that the BNL eRHIC design has been selected over the conceptual design put forward by
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381:(DOE). DOE subcontracts the research and operation to universities and research organizations. It is currently operated by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC, which is an equal partnership of
885:
sediment from the Peconic River, and installation and operation of 16 on- and off-site groundwater treatment systems that have cleaned more than 25 billion gallons of groundwater since 1996.
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2019:
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such that this city would be at their geographic center. In March 1946 a nonprofit corporation was established that consisted of representatives from nine major research universities —
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393:(AUI), but AUI lost its contract in the wake of two incidents: a 1994 fire at the facility's high-flux beam reactor that exposed several workers to radiation and reports in 1997 of a
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877:
resulting controversy about both BNL's handling of the tritium leak and perceived lapses in DOE's oversight led to the termination of AUI as the BNL contractor in May 1997.
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Interdisciplinary Science Building, with unique laboratories for studying high-temperature superconductors and other materials important for addressing energy challenges.
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during the latter. Following the war, Camp Upton was no longer needed, and a plan was conceived to convert the military camp into a research facility.
2004:
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was eventually chosen as the most suitable in consideration of space, transportation, and availability. The camp had been a training center for the
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department, and has its own ZIP code (11973). In total, the lab spans a 5,265-acre (21 km) area that is mostly coterminous with the hamlet of
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and the sources of proton spin. Until 2009 it was the world's most powerful heavy ion collider. It is the only collider of spin-polarized protons.
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Nuclear and high-energy physics, materials science, nanomaterials, chemistry, energy, and environmental, biological, and climate sciences
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series supercomputer that is among the fastest in the world for scientific research, run jointly by Brookhaven National Laboratory and
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Although originally conceived as a nuclear research facility, Brookhaven Lab's mission has greatly expanded. Its foci are now:
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569:. This reactor, which opened in 1950, was the first reactor to be constructed in the United States after World War II. The
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operated from 1965 to 1999. In 1959 Brookhaven built the first US reactor specifically tailored to medical research, the
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operated from 1982 to 2014 and was involved with two Nobel Prize-winning discoveries. It has since been replaced by the
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454:. Involvement was quickly solicited from representatives of northeastern universities to the south and west of
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608:. At the time the Cosmotron was the world's highest energy accelerator, being the first to impart more than 1
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1299:"U.S. Department of Energy Selects Brookhaven National Laboratory to Host Major New Nuclear Physics Facility"
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1633:"BNL Newsroom | Doors Open at New Interdisciplinary Science Building for Energy Research at Brookhaven Lab"
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students on Long Island, more than 200 undergraduates, and 550 teachers from across the United States.
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of energy to a particle. The Cosmotron was retired in 1966, after it was superseded in 1960 by the new
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was created to support government-sponsored peacetime research on atomic energy. The effort to build a
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2005:
Annotated bibliography for Brookhaven Laboratory from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
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Brookhaven plays a role in a range of neutrino research projects around the world, including the
522:
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View of Brookhaven National Laboratory campus, with the High Flux Beam Reactor in the foreground
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Brookhaven was also responsible for the design of the SNS accumulator ring in partnership with
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1318:
Aschenauer, E. C.; et al. (2014). "eRHIC Design Study: An Electron-Ion Collider at BNL".
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1603:"New York Blue, Blue Gene/L, Parallel Supercomputer, Brookhaven National Laboratory, (BNL)"
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1995:
Physics Today: DOE Shuts Brookhaven Lab's HFBR in a Triumph of Politics Over Science 404
1955:"Nobel Prize | 2009 Chemistry Prize, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz"
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pool into the aquifer that provides drinking water for nearby Suffolk County residents.
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facility in 2012, during a Brookhaven National Laboratory "Summer Sundays" public tour.
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663:. RHIC is housed in a tunnel 2.4 miles (3.9 km) long and is visible from space.
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1165:"Brookhaven National Laboratory Nonproliferation and National Security Programs"
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305:. Co-located with the laboratory is the Upton, New York, forecast office of the
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1907:"Nobel Prize | 1988 Prize in Physics, Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberger"
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On March 21, 1947, the Camp Upton site was officially transferred from the
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Computational Science resources, including access to a massively parallel
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1978:"Dr. Strangelet or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Big Bang"
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394:
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1448:"Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory"
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85:
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1231:"The New York Times - Breaking News, US News, World News and Videos"
321:
Location of Brookhaven National Laboratory relative to New York City
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to the new U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), predecessor to the
438:
leave for new remote research sites following the departure of the
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59:
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1249:"Laboratory Loses Federal Contract - News - The Harvard Crimson"
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In 1958, Brookhaven scientists created one of the world's first
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Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
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Out of 17 considered sites in the Boston-Washington corridor,
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1499:"Nobel Prize | 2003 Chemistry Prize, Roderick MacKinnon"
1268:
Making Physics: A Biography of Brookhaven National Laboratory
1054:
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in the American northeast was fostered largely by physicists
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434:, who during the war witnessed many of their colleagues at
2014:
Digitized Brookhaven National Laboratory reports from the
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1929:"Nobel Prize | 2002 Physics Prize, Raymond Davis jr"
1881:"Nobel Prize | 1980 Physics Prize, Cronin and Fitch"
835:
in China and the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment at
442:
from its campus. Their effort to house this reactor near
301:. BNL is served by a rail spur operated as-needed by the
2937:
United States Department of Energy national laboratories
288:
have been awarded for work conducted at Brookhaven Lab.
1855:"Nobel Prize | 1976 Prize in Physics, Samuel Ting"
1779:"Environmental Cleanup, Brookhaven National Laboratory"
616:(AGS). The AGS was used in research that resulted in 3
242:
United States Department of Energy national laboratory
215:
27:
United States Department of Energy national laboratory
1989:
1829:"Nobel Prize | 1957 Physics Prize, Lee and Yang"
1187:"Biology Department – Brookhaven National Laboratory"
252:. It was formally established in 1947 at the site of
191:
2169:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
1340:"The anatomy of the first video game - On the Level"
373:
Brookhaven National Lab was originally owned by the
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2100:
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2942:Federally Funded Research and Development Centers
377:and is now owned by that agency's successor, the
2214:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
2194:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
2000:Summer Sundays at Brookhaven National Laboratory
1683:"BNL | Brookhaven and the Large Hadron Collider"
1010:—operates the US National Laboratory on the ISS.
2962:Tourist attractions in Suffolk County, New York
2713:Armed Forces Radiobiological Research Institute
509:site, which would in 1947 be repurposed as BNL
2997:Energy infrastructure on Long Island, New York
2736:National Institute of Standards and Technology
2151:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
2110:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
1658:"BNL | NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL)"
1008:Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
669:Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
640:the project was eventually cancelled in 1983.
2727:Missouri University of Science and Technology
2677:
2539:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
2199:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
2044:
1396:"RHIC | Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider"
1113:"Homepage, Basic Energy Sciences Directorate"
8:
2139:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
1579:. Bnl.gov. February 28, 2008. Archived from
698:, a transportation technology that utilizes
32:
1553:. Bnl.gov. January 31, 2008. Archived from
1527:. Bnl.gov. January 31, 2008. Archived from
1141:. Bnl.gov. February 4, 2009. Archived from
805:, one of the four detectors located at the
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47:
31:
1323:
600:In 1952 Brookhaven began using its first
260:. Located approximately 60 miles east of
2159:National Nuclear Security Administration
2120:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
1990:Brookhaven National Lab official website
714:(RHIC), which was designed to research
561:In 1947 construction began on the first
446:was rivalled by a similar effort at the
389:. From 1947 to 1998, it was operated by
3002:Research institutes in New York (state)
2977:1947 establishments in New York (state)
1024:
694:In 1968 Brookhaven scientists patented
758:, generates, accelerates and monitors
2857:Rhode Island Atomic Energy Commission
2732:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
837:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
809:(LHC). It is currently operating at
448:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
2651:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
853:National Synchrotron Light Source II
833:Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment
748:that was used in three of the lab's
732:National Synchrotron Light Source II
649:National Synchrotron Light Source II
567:Brookhaven Graphite Research Reactor
282:National Synchrotron Light Source II
2972:Superfund sites in New York (state)
2020:University of North Texas Libraries
1470:"National Synchrotron Light Source"
1139:"Environmental Sciences Department"
722:Center for Functional Nanomaterials
575:Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor
2792:University of Massachusetts Lowell
2060:United States Department of Energy
1804:"BNL | Community Advisory Council"
1758:"Lab reactor fully decommissioned"
1525:"Alternating Gradient Synchrotron"
1346:. October 23, 2008. Archived from
1077:"NWS Forecast Office New York, NY"
379:United States Department of Energy
341:Environmental and climate research
338:Physics and chemistry of materials
183:Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC
25:
2251:Western Area Power Administration
2246:Southwestern Power Administration
2241:Southeastern Power Administration
2115:Energy Information Administration
1708:"BNL | Neutrino Research History"
1282:"BNL - Our History: Accelerators"
1213:"BNL | Accelerator-based Science"
1189:. Biology.bnl.gov. Archived from
645:National Synchrotron Light Source
620:, including the discovery of the
397:leak into the groundwater of the
2830:
2767:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
2128:
801:It is a contributing partner to
742:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
614:Alternating Gradient Synchrotron
399:Long Island Central Pine Barrens
214:
207:
90:Over US$ 550 million (2015)
38:
2992:Institutes associated with CERN
2823:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
2815:University of Wisconsin-Madison
2740:North Carolina State University
2692:United States research reactors
2236:Bonneville Power Administration
790:NASA Space Radiation Laboratory
712:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
657:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
594:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
278:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
2987:Theoretical physics institutes
2927:Brookhaven National Laboratory
2885:Brookhaven National Laboratory
2873:with nuclear research reactors
2228:Power Marketing Administration
1472:. Nsls.bnl.gov. Archived from
234:Brookhaven National Laboratory
33:Brookhaven National Laboratory
1:
2901:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
2809:University of Texas at Austin
2699:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
724:(CFN), used for the study of
577:, which operated until 2000.
391:Associated Universities, Inc.
303:New York and Atlantic Railway
2863:U.S. Veterans Administration
592:posed with a magnet for the
401:on which the facility sits.
2982:Physics research institutes
2967:Battelle Memorial Institute
2952:Particle physics facilities
2947:Nuclear research institutes
2880:Argonne National Laboratory
2819:Washington State University
2072:James V. Forrestal Building
1551:"Accelerator Test Facility"
1167:. Bnl.gov. February 2, 2010
768:, once the world's largest
635:In 1970 in BNL started the
420:US Atomic Energy Commission
387:Battelle Memorial Institute
270:Battelle Memorial Institute
3018:
2644:Related Independent Agency
2261:National Laboratory System
2102:Deputy Secretary of Energy
2092:Deputy Secretary of Energy
1266:Crease, Robert P. (1999).
484:University of Pennsylvania
2896:Idaho National Laboratory
2828:
2126:
2066:
1957:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1931:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1883:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1857:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1831:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1501:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1372:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
1304:January 14, 2020, at the
1115:. Bnl.gov. Archived from
822:Spallation Neutron Source
770:electrostatic accelerator
756:Accelerator Test Facility
546:U.S. Department of Energy
202:
46:
37:
2854:General Electric Company
2848:Aerotest Operations Inc.
2806:University of New Mexico
2778:University of California
2771:Texas A&M University
2220:Office of Nuclear Energy
2204:Office of Nuclear Energy
988:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
971:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
736:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
535:Japanese internment camp
450:to have a facility near
432:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
375:Atomic Energy Commission
307:National Weather Service
18:Brookhaven National Labs
2748:Oregon State University
2723:Kansas State University
1093:. Bnl.gov. May 12, 2008
552:Research and facilities
488:University of Rochester
64:"Passion for discovery"
2932:Stony Brook University
2860:U.S. Geological Survey
2802:University of Missouri
2797:University of Michigan
2787:University of Maryland
2720:Idaho State University
2702:Licensed and operating
1733:"BNL | Summer Sundays"
1577:"Tandem Van de Graaff"
898:Nobel Prize in Physics
856:
797:Off-site contributions
781:Stony Brook University
597:
571:High Flux Beam Reactor
510:
383:Stony Brook University
322:
266:Stony Brook University
2840:U.S. company-operated
2782:University of Florida
2775:University of Arizona
2753:Penn State University
2744:Ohio State University
2189:Office of Electricity
1418:"RHIC | Spin Physics"
1376:on September 12, 2009
1033:"Nobel Prizes at BNL"
868:Environmental cleanup
850:
807:Large Hadron Collider
673:Electron–ion collider
661:Large Hadron Collider
588:
500:
320:
2957:Brookhaven, New York
2851:Dow Chemical Company
1583:on February 19, 2010
1091:"Physics Department"
1079:. September 5, 2017.
826:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
766:Tandem Van de Graaff
746:particle accelerator
602:particle accelerator
223:Location in New York
2906:Savannah River Site
2083:Secretary of Energy
2018:project, hosted at
1531:on January 13, 2010
700:magnetic levitation
581:Accelerator history
565:at Brookhaven, the
542:U.S. War Department
436:Columbia University
363:Accelerator physics
334:high-energy physics
264:, it is managed by
173:21 km (5,265 acres)
148: /
34:
2871:U.S. National Labs
2812:University of Utah
2717:Cornell University
2706:(university-based)
1253:www.thecrimson.com
978:Roderick MacKinnon
961:Raymond Davis, Jr.
857:
716:quark–gluon plasma
598:
511:
358:Structural biology
323:
250:Town of Brookhaven
248:, a hamlet of the
246:Upton, Long Island
77:Research type
2914:
2913:
2842:research reactors
2758:Purdue University
2704:research reactors
2659:
2658:
2561:Kansas City Plant
2477:Pacific Northwest
2177:Office of Science
2079:Jennifer Granholm
1613:on April 26, 2015
1476:on March 15, 2010
1193:on March 13, 2009
1014:Goldhaber fellows
933:Val Logsdon Fitch
919:Samuel C. C. Ting
679:Other discoveries
440:Manhattan Project
428:Isidor Isaac Rabi
231:
230:
152:40.875°N 72.877°W
16:(Redirected from
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2566:Nevada Test Site
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1609:. Archived from
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1428:on July 26, 2009
1424:. Archived from
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992:Thomas A. Steitz
951:Jack Steinberger
943:Leon M. Lederman
803:ATLAS experiment
706:Major facilities
501:Soldiers during
353:Nonproliferation
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179:Operating agency
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2887:(All Shut down)
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1306:Wayback Machine
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563:nuclear reactor
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1963:. Retrieved
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1027:
937:CP-violation
929:James Cronin
893:Nobel Prizes
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
858:
851:Exterior of
830:
819:
800:
750:Nobel prizes
693:
682:
665:
653:
642:
634:
630:CP violation
618:Nobel prizes
599:
560:
539:
531:World War II
525:during both
512:
416:World War II
413:
372:
324:
295:
286:Nobel Prizes
274:
237:
233:
232:
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2593:Rocky Flats
2546:Fernald NLO
1808:www.bnl.gov
1783:www.bnl.gov
1737:www.bnl.gov
1712:www.bnl.gov
1687:www.bnl.gov
1662:www.bnl.gov
1637:www.bnl.gov
1607:www.bnl.gov
1422:www.bnl.gov
1286:www.bnl.gov
1217:www.bnl.gov
1055:"About BNL"
982:Ion channel
913:parity laws
685:video games
626:charm quark
527:World War I
519:Long Island
503:World War I
410:Foundations
256:, a former
244:located in
192:www.bnl.gov
155: /
69:Established
2921:Categories
2421:Los Alamos
2343:Brookhaven
2088:David Turk
1813:August 23,
1788:August 23,
1763:August 23,
1742:August 23,
1717:August 23,
1692:August 23,
1667:August 23,
1642:August 23,
1432:August 23,
1020:References
728:materials.
515:Camp Upton
507:Camp Upton
414:Following
254:Camp Upton
143:72°52′37″W
140:40°52′30″N
2450:Oak Ridge
2404:Livermore
2010:Headlines
1939:March 17,
1913:March 17,
1909:. Bnl.gov
1891:March 17,
1865:March 17,
1839:March 17,
1587:March 17,
1561:March 17,
1535:March 17,
1509:March 17,
1480:March 17,
1454:March 17,
1450:. Bnl.gov
1402:March 17,
1398:. Bnl.gov
1380:March 17,
1370:"'+alt+'"
1354:March 17,
1325:1409.1633
1197:March 17,
1171:March 17,
1149:March 17,
1123:March 17,
1097:March 17,
1057:. BNL.gov
1035:. Bnl.gov
777:Blue Gene
726:nanoscale
606:Cosmotron
480:Princeton
369:Operation
2375:Fermilab
2306:Berkeley
1344:NBC News
1302:Archived
1061:June 21,
1039:July 25,
1002:See also
996:Ribosome
637:ISABELLE
533:, and a
460:Columbia
292:Overview
284:. Seven
130:New York
117:Location
96:Director
2576:Area 20
2571:Area 19
2551:Hanford
2363:NSLS II
2274:Argonne
1965:May 20,
1617:May 13,
986:2009 –
976:2003 –
959:2002 –
941:1988 –
927:1980 –
917:1976 –
903:1957 –
596:in 1991
548:(DOE).
523:US Army
505:at the
468:Harvard
464:Cornell
405:History
395:tritium
330:Nuclear
240:) is a
188:Website
2588:Pantex
2511:Sandia
2438:Albany
2426:DARHTF
2326:NERSCC
815:Geneva
696:Maglev
628:, and
624:, the
604:, the
490:, and
452:Boston
418:, the
169:Campus
86:Budget
2583:NHHOR
2409:NARAC
2387:Idaho
2294:ATLAS
2024:TRAIL
2016:TRAIL
1320:arXiv
1308:2020.
813:near
121:Upton
112:2,750
108:Staff
60:Motto
2630:Y-12
2625:WIPP
2603:ETEC
2598:SSFL
2556:K-25
2528:SSRL
2523:SLAC
2506:SRNL
2499:TFTR
2494:NSTX
2489:PPPL
2482:EMSL
2470:NCCS
2465:HFIR
2460:CNMS
2445:NREL
2433:NETL
2399:JLab
2392:RESL
2368:RHIC
2358:NSLS
2321:NCEM
2269:Ames
2182:OSTI
2022:and
1967:2010
1941:2010
1915:2010
1893:2010
1867:2010
1841:2010
1815:2016
1790:2016
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1669:2016
1644:2016
1619:2019
1589:2010
1563:2010
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1511:2010
1482:2010
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1434:2016
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1199:2010
1173:2010
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1125:2010
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1041:2012
990:and
931:and
907:and
862:K-12
811:CERN
744:, a
643:The
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2608:SRE
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2380:TeV
2353:CFN
2348:AGS
2336:JGI
2331:ESN
2311:ALS
2299:EMC
2289:APS
2284:CNM
2279:NBL
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610:GeV
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