360:
348:
372:
1112:
51:
1758:
1530:
387:
There is no specific treatment for rib fractures, but various supportive measures can be taken. In simple rib fractures, pain can lead to reduced movement and cough suppression; this can contribute to formation of secondary chest infection. Flail chest is a potentially life-threatening injury and
1578:
439:
There are different specialist rib fixation systems on the market. They have two options: a precontoured metal plate that uses screws to secure the plate to the rib; and/or an intramedullary splint which is tunneled into the rib and secured with a set
1679:
1660:
332:
Because children have more flexible chest walls than adults do, their ribs are more likely to bend than to break; therefore the presence of rib fractures in children is evidence of a significant amount of force and may indicate severe
1300:
Riley, B.; Malla, U.; Snels, N.; Mitchell, A.; Abi-Fares, C.; Basson, W.; Anstey, C.; White, L. (2020). "Erector spinae and serratus anterior blocks for the management of rib fractures: A retrospective exploratory matched study".
443:
Anterior locking plates are metal plates that have holes for screws throughout the plate. The plate is positioned over the rib and screwed into the bone at the desired position. The plates may be bent to match the contour of the
214:
may also result in a broken rib. The middle ribs are most commonly fractured. Fractures of the first or second ribs are more likely to be associated with complications. Diagnosis can be made based on symptoms and supported by
293:. They can also occur as a consequence of diseases such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis. While for elderly individuals a fall can cause a rib fracture, in adults automobile accidents are a common event for such an injury.
241:
may be another option. While fractured ribs can be wrapped, this may increase complications. In those with a flail chest, surgery may improve outcomes. They are a common injury following trauma.
400:) or remotely (e.g., cervical spine injury). Spontaneous fractures in athletes generally require a cessation of the cause, e.g., time off rowing, while maintaining cardiovascular fitness.
842:
Coughlin, TA; Ng, JW; Rollins, KE; Forward, DP; Ollivere, BJ (August 2016). "Management of rib fractures in traumatic flail chest: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials".
347:
736:
359:
1126:
Mladenovic, Jordanna; Erskine, Ryan N.; Riley, Brooke; Mitchell, Andrew; Abi-fares, Catherine; Basson, Willem; Anstey, Chris; White, Leigh (2022-11-01).
1400:
1096:
2429:
937:
1524:
670:
1899:
519:
1804:
607:
2292:
1572:
1516:
Master
Techniques in Surgery: Thoracic Surgery: Transplantation, Tracheal Resections, Mediastinal Tumors, Extended Thoracic Resections
1514:
1128:"The association between erector spinae plane block timing and reduced rib fracture related respiratory complications: A cohort study"
601:
513:
371:
1284:
1106:
686:
Murphy CE, 4th; Raja, AS; Baumann, BM; Medak, AJ; Langdorf, MI; Nishijima, DK; Hendey, GW; Mower, WR; Rodriguez, RM (27 May 2017).
436:
Judet and/or sanchez plates/struts are a metal plate with strips that bend around the rib and then is further secured with sutures.
2048:
1967:
1562:
408:
Nerve blocks may be used to help with pain and reduce respiratory complications related to rib fractures. These include
286:
1230:
Wardhan, R (October 2013). "Assessment and management of rib fracture pain in geriatric population: an ode to old age".
424:. There is very little evidence to support the use of one nerve block over another on the basis of analgesia or safety.
2053:
392:. Flail chest and first rib fractures are high-energy injuries and should prompt investigation of damage to underlying
626:
Wanek, Sandra; Mayberry, John C (2004). "Blunt thoracic trauma: flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and blast injury".
795:"Operative management versus non-operative management of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a systematic review"
2422:
1942:
1817:
421:
409:
2277:
2043:
1947:
1894:
750:
Brown, SD; Walters, MR (2012). "Patients with rib fractures: use of incentive spirometry volumes to guide care".
2467:
1698:
1344:
White, L.; Riley, B.; Malla, U.; Snels, N.; Mitchell, A.; Abi-Fares, C.; Basson, W.; Anstey, C. (2020-08-15).
2583:
2552:
2518:
2123:
2108:
1797:
1773:
203:
85:
1399:
White, L. D.; Riley, B.; Davis, K.; Thang, C.; Mitchell, A.; Abi-fares, C.; Basson, W.; Anstey, C. (2021).
2093:
1937:
1874:
389:
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2557:
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2415:
2301:
730:
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2157:
1952:
1127:
687:
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2306:
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2118:
1345:
929:
2542:
2162:
2113:
2103:
1957:
1884:
1851:
1841:
1836:
1683:
447:
U-plates can also be used as they clamp on to the superior aspect of the ribs using locking screws.
417:
413:
338:
270:
192:
90:
2506:
2452:
2391:
2381:
2077:
1962:
1790:
1623:
1446:
1381:
1326:
1255:
1163:
775:
718:
75:
68:
2311:
1464:
Fitzpatrick, D. C.; Denard, P. J.; Phelan, D.; Long, W. B.; Madey, S. M.; Bottlang, M. (2010).
500:
2588:
2496:
2282:
2231:
2190:
2147:
2098:
2015:
2010:
2002:
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1155:
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1102:
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1010:
979:
894:
859:
824:
767:
710:
666:
643:
597:
591:
509:
457:
211:
115:
63:
1401:"Safety of Continuous Erector Spinae Catheters in Chest Trauma: A Retrospective Cohort Study"
2537:
2340:
2330:
2263:
2253:
2246:
2152:
2063:
2034:
1992:
1879:
1605:
1485:
1477:
1466:"Operative stabilization of flail chest injuries: review of literature and fixation options"
1420:
1412:
1357:
1310:
1239:
1202:
1194:
1139:
1067:
1059:
1018:
971:
886:
851:
814:
806:
759:
702:
635:
561:
290:
58:
An X ray showing multiple old fractured ribs of the person's left side as marked by the oval
877:
Senekjian, L; Nirula, R (January 2017). "Rib
Fracture Fixation: Indications and Outcomes".
2501:
2491:
2371:
2226:
2221:
2195:
2182:
2089:
1932:
1914:
1904:
1856:
216:
121:
1346:"ESB vs SAB in chest wall trauma, which is better?: A response and decision making guide"
912:
289:(CPR) has also been known to cause thoracic injury, including but not limited to rib and
1763:
2386:
2376:
2241:
2212:
2167:
1927:
1889:
1490:
1465:
1243:
1207:
1182:
1072:
1047:
1023:
998:
819:
794:
1692:
1688:
706:
639:
2572:
2442:
2363:
2321:
2172:
2139:
2082:
2072:
1846:
1813:
1450:
1385:
1330:
1167:
183:
may occur at the site of the break. When several ribs are broken in several places a
172:
2407:
1738:
1627:
1259:
779:
722:
285:
Rib fractures can occur with or without direct trauma during recreational activity.
2527:
2438:
2349:
2025:
1549:
1143:
266:
222:
207:
188:
108:
94:
50:
1782:
1703:
1416:
962:
Dennis, BM; Bellister, SA; Guillamondegui, OD (October 2017). "Thoracic Trauma".
855:
763:
2482:
1741:
262:
238:
226:
184:
133:
1714:
1361:
1314:
566:
549:
2532:
2396:
1866:
1673:
1669:
1481:
1198:
975:
890:
810:
128:
1610:
1593:
1544:
1434:
1369:
1151:
1014:
202:
Rib fractures usually occur from a direct blow to the chest such as during a
1733:
1063:
917:
274:
196:
148:
98:
1619:
1499:
1442:
1377:
1322:
1251:
1216:
1159:
1081:
1032:
983:
898:
863:
828:
771:
714:
647:
179:
bone. This typically results in chest pain that is worse with inspiration.
341:. Rib fractures are also a sign of more serious injury in elderly people.
17:
2462:
432:
Treatment options for internal fixation/repair of rib fractures include:
250:
180:
1652:
1594:"Surgical Management of Rib Fractures: Strategies and Literature Review"
1425:
1183:"Efficacy of rhomboid intercostal block for analgesia after thoracotomy"
1003:
Annals of
Advances in Automotive Medicine / Annual Scientific Conference
593:
Emergency
Medicine E-Book: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult – Online)
325:
often pick up displaced fractures but often miss undisplaced fractures.
326:
234:
141:
1592:
de Jong, M. B.; Kokke, M. C.; Hietbrink, F.; Leenen, L. P. H. (2014).
1098:
Brunner & Suddarth's
Textbook of Canadian Medical-surgical Nursing
1664:
397:
393:
334:
322:
249:
This typically results in chest pain that is worse with inspiration.
230:
137:
2411:
1786:
225:
is an important part of treatment. This may include the use of
1979:
1564:
Skeletal Trauma: Basic
Science, Management, and Reconstruction
176:
997:
Kent, Richard; Woods, William; Bostrom, Ola (2008-01-01).
353:
Illustration showing rib fracture at 3rd, 4th and 5th rib
1048:"Recommendations for the management of cough in adults"
793:
Schuurmans, J; Goslings, JC; Schepers, T (April 2017).
329:
is generally able to pick up both types of fractures.
1642:
2515:
2449:
2362:
2339:
2320:
2291:
2262:
2211:
2204:
2181:
2138:
2062:
2033:
2024:
2001:
1978:
1913:
1865:
1824:
1724:
1646:
157:
147:
127:
114:
104:
84:
74:
62:
40:
35:
999:"Fatality Risk and the Presence of Rib Fractures"
261:When several ribs are broken in several places a
1470:European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
799:European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery
548:May, L; Hillermann, C; Patil, S (January 2016).
508:. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013. p. 1567.
1095:Paul, Pauline; Williams, Beverly (2009-01-01).
1101:. Lippincott Williams & Wil. p. 637.
2423:
1798:
317:Coughing up blood (rib may have damaged lung)
8:
1046:Morice, A H; McGarvey, L; Pavord, I (2006).
1273:Grant, Stuart A.; Auyong, David B. (2016).
735:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
688:"Rib Fracture Diagnosis in the Panscan Era"
265:results. Potential complications include a
187:results. Potential complications include a
2430:
2416:
2408:
2208:
2030:
1805:
1791:
1783:
1643:
1350:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
1303:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
1279:. Oxford University Press. p. PT388.
957:
955:
495:
493:
377:Two broken ribs as seen on parasagittal CT
365:Right sided pneumothorax and rib fractures
80:Chest pain that is worse with breathing in
49:
32:
1609:
1489:
1424:
1206:
1071:
1022:
818:
621:
619:
617:
596:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 682.
565:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
533:
531:
529:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
1567:. Elsevier Health Scien. p. 1418.
469:
343:
728:
1276:Ultrasound Guided Regional Anesthesia
964:The Surgical Clinics of North America
7:
1900:Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture
253:may occur at the site of the break.
940:from the original on 20 August 2015
301:Signs of a broken rib may include:
2293:Combined tibia and fibula fracture
1244:10.1097/01.aco.0000432516.93715.a7
663:PET-CT: Rare Findings and Diseases
25:
1232:Current Opinion in Anesthesiology
707:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.04.011
420:, erector spinae plane block and
1756:
1581:from the original on 2016-05-08.
1561:Browner, Bruce D. (2009-01-01).
1533:from the original on 12 May 2016
1115:from the original on 2016-06-29.
610:from the original on 2017-10-13.
522:from the original on 2017-10-13.
370:
358:
346:
1598:Scandinavian Journal of Surgery
388:will often require a period of
1968:Vertebral compression fracture
1144:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110940
1132:Journal of Clinical Anesthesia
314:Increasing shortness of breath
1:
640:10.1016/S0749-0704(03)00098-8
422:serratus anterior plane block
287:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
1417:10.1213/ANE.0000000000005730
856:10.1302/0301-620X.98B8.37282
844:The Bone & Joint Journal
764:10.1097/JTN.0b013e31825629ee
695:Annals of Emergency Medicine
2605:
1943:Craniocervical instability
1513:Mathison, Douglas (2014).
1405:Anesthesia & Analgesia
1362:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.08.004
1315:10.1016/j.ajem.2020.01.007
1187:The Korean Journal of Pain
502:Mosby's Medical Dictionary
410:rhomboid intercostal block
153:Pain improves over 6 weeks
2278:Le Fort fracture of ankle
1948:Flexion teardrop fracture
1895:Le Fort fracture of skull
1519:. Walters-Kluwer Health.
1482:10.1007/s00068-010-0027-8
1199:10.3344/kjp.2019.32.2.129
1181:Ökmen, K (1 April 2019).
976:10.1016/j.suc.2017.06.009
891:10.1016/j.ccc.2016.08.009
811:10.1007/s00068-016-0721-2
752:Journal of Trauma Nursing
665:. Springer. p. 257.
661:Nanni, Christina (2012).
550:"Rib fracture management"
57:
48:
2468:Traumatic aortic rupture
1611:10.1177/1457496914531928
930:"Broken or bruised ribs"
758:(2): 89–91, quiz 92–03.
590:Adams, James G. (2012).
567:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkv011
2553:Tracheobronchial injury
2519:lower respiratory tract
2124:Essex-Lopresti fracture
2054:Holstein–Lewis fracture
1064:10.1136/thx.2006.065144
204:motor vehicle collision
44:Broken rib, cracked rib
1938:Clay-shoveler fracture
1875:Basilar skull fracture
308:Swelling in chest area
2558:Diaphragmatic rupture
2473:Thoracic aorta injury
2302:Trimalleolar fracture
879:Critical Care Clinics
628:Critical Care Clinics
2548:Pulmonary laceration
2488:Myocardial contusion
2307:Bimalleolar fracture
2273:Maisonneuve fracture
390:assisted ventilation
311:Bruise in chest area
2543:Pulmonary contusion
1958:Holdsworth fracture
1885:Mandibular fracture
1852:Pathologic fracture
1842:Greenstick fracture
1837:Chalkstick fracture
418:paravertebral block
414:epidural anesthesia
339:pulmonary contusion
271:pulmonary contusion
193:pulmonary contusion
120:Based on symptoms,
91:Pulmonary contusion
27:Break in a rib bone
2507:Myocardial rupture
2453:circulatory system
2237:Toddler's fracture
2078:Monteggia fracture
1963:Jefferson fracture
1953:Hangman's fracture
1725:External resources
1058:(Suppl 1): i1–24.
305:Pain on inhalation
245:Signs and symptoms
69:Emergency medicine
2566:
2565:
2497:Cardiac tamponade
2405:
2404:
2358:
2357:
2283:Bosworth fracture
2232:Gosselin fracture
2191:Duverney fracture
2134:
2133:
2003:Shoulder fracture
1923:Cervical fracture
1832:Avulsion fracture
1751:
1750:
1526:978-1-46988-903-0
1356:(10): 2221–2223.
672:978-3-642-24698-2
458:Pulmonary hygiene
337:injuries such as
291:sternum fractures
229:(acetaminophen),
212:metastatic cancer
165:
164:
136:(acetaminophen),
116:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2596:
2538:Hemopneumothorax
2432:
2425:
2418:
2409:
2341:Femoral fracture
2331:Patella fracture
2264:Fibular fracture
2254:Tillaux fracture
2247:Plafond fracture
2209:
2064:Forearm fracture
2035:Humerus fracture
2031:
1993:Sternal fracture
1880:Blowout fracture
1818:cartilage damage
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1760:
1759:
1644:
1632:
1631:
1613:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1558:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1428:
1411:(5): 1296–1302.
1396:
1390:
1389:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1309:(8): 1689–1691.
1297:
1291:
1290:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1210:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1026:
994:
988:
987:
970:(5): 1047–1064.
959:
950:
949:
947:
945:
926:
920:
909:
903:
902:
874:
868:
867:
839:
833:
832:
822:
790:
784:
783:
747:
741:
740:
734:
726:
692:
683:
677:
676:
658:
652:
651:
623:
612:
611:
587:
572:
571:
569:
545:
524:
523:
507:
497:
374:
362:
350:
53:
33:
21:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2517:
2511:
2502:Hemopericardium
2492:Commotio cordis
2451:
2445:
2436:
2406:
2401:
2354:
2335:
2316:
2312:Pott's fracture
2287:
2258:
2227:Segond fracture
2222:Bumper fracture
2200:
2196:Pipkin fracture
2183:Pelvic fracture
2177:
2130:
2090:Radius fracture
2058:
2020:
1997:
1974:
1933:Chance fracture
1915:Spinal fracture
1909:
1905:Zygoma fracture
1861:
1857:Spiral fracture
1820:
1811:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1720:
1719:
1655:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1536:
1534:
1527:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1109:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1045:
1044:
1040:
996:
995:
991:
961:
960:
953:
943:
941:
928:
927:
923:
910:
906:
876:
875:
871:
841:
840:
836:
792:
791:
787:
749:
748:
744:
727:
690:
685:
684:
680:
673:
660:
659:
655:
625:
624:
615:
604:
589:
588:
575:
547:
546:
527:
516:
505:
499:
498:
471:
466:
454:
430:
406:
385:
378:
375:
366:
363:
354:
351:
299:
283:
259:
247:
217:medical imaging
122:medical imaging
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:Bone fractures
2581:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2242:Pilon fracture
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2213:Tibia fracture
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2069:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Burst fracture
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:Nasal fracture
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1762:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1695:
1676:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:Classification
1640:
1639:External links
1637:
1634:
1633:
1584:
1574:978-1416022206
1573:
1553:
1525:
1505:
1456:
1391:
1336:
1292:
1285:
1265:
1222:
1193:(2): 129–132.
1173:
1118:
1107:
1087:
1038:
989:
951:
921:
904:
869:
850:(8): 1119–25.
834:
785:
742:
701:(6): 904–909.
678:
671:
653:
613:
603:978-1455733941
602:
573:
525:
515:978-0323112581
514:
468:
467:
465:
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461:
460:
453:
450:
449:
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441:
437:
429:
426:
405:
402:
384:
381:
380:
379:
376:
369:
367:
364:
357:
355:
352:
345:
319:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
298:
295:
282:
279:
258:
255:
246:
243:
210:. Coughing or
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
145:
144:
131:
125:
124:
118:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
82:
81:
78:
72:
71:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2601:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2364:Foot fracture
2361:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:Crus fracture
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2173:Broken finger
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2140:Hand fracture
2137:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2094:Distal radius
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:Hume fracture
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2073:Ulna fracture
2071:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Supracondylar
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Open fracture
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1638:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1604:(2): 120–25.
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:(5): 427–33.
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1286:9780190630478
1282:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:(5): 626–31.
1237:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1108:9780781799898
1104:
1100:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
956:
952:
939:
935:
931:
925:
922:
919:
915:
914:
908:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:(1): 153–65.
884:
880:
873:
870:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
838:
835:
830:
826:
821:
816:
812:
808:
805:(2): 163–68.
804:
800:
796:
789:
786:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
743:
738:
732:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
682:
679:
674:
668:
664:
657:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
620:
618:
614:
609:
605:
599:
595:
594:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
574:
568:
563:
559:
555:
554:BJA Education
551:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
526:
521:
517:
511:
504:
503:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
470:
463:
459:
456:
455:
451:
446:
442:
438:
435:
434:
433:
427:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
382:
373:
368:
361:
356:
349:
344:
342:
340:
336:
330:
328:
324:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
303:
302:
296:
294:
292:
288:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
257:Complications
256:
254:
252:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
218:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
160:
156:
152:
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:
87:
86:Complications
83:
79:
77:
73:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2579:Chest trauma
2528:Pneumothorax
2481:
2461:
2441:, excluding
2439:Chest injury
2350:Hip fracture
2026:Arm fracture
1988:Rib fracture
1987:
1774:Rib fracture
1772:
1771:
1770:profile for
1767:
1732:
1708:
1697:
1678:
1659:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1563:
1556:
1550:Google Books
1545:Rib fracture
1543:
1535:. Retrieved
1515:
1508:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1426:10072/407871
1408:
1404:
1394:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1275:
1268:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1097:
1090:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1006:
1002:
992:
967:
963:
942:. Retrieved
933:
924:
913:Rib Fracture
911:
907:
882:
878:
872:
847:
843:
837:
802:
798:
788:
755:
751:
745:
731:cite journal
698:
694:
681:
662:
656:
634:(1): 71–81.
631:
627:
592:
560:(1): 26–32.
557:
553:
501:
431:
407:
404:Nerve blocks
396:(e.g., lung
386:
331:
320:
300:
284:
267:pneumothorax
260:
248:
223:Pain control
221:
208:crush injury
201:
189:pneumothorax
169:rib fracture
168:
166:
109:Chest trauma
95:pneumothorax
36:Rib fracture
2450:Cardiac and
2109:Chauffeur's
327:CT scanning
263:flail chest
239:nerve block
227:paracetamol
185:flail chest
134:Paracetamol
41:Other names
2573:Categories
2533:Hemothorax
2397:Broken toe
1710:DiseasesDB
1138:: 110940.
464:References
206:or from a
129:Medication
18:Broken rib
2443:fractures
2392:Calcaneal
2382:Cuneiform
2158:Bennett's
1814:Fractures
1742:radio/609
1739:emerg/204
1734:eMedicine
1537:15 August
1451:237400070
1435:0003-2999
1386:221328812
1370:0735-6757
1331:210194417
1168:251206240
1152:0952-8180
1015:1943-2461
1009:: 73–84.
944:15 August
918:eMedicine
398:contusion
383:Treatment
297:Diagnosis
275:pneumonia
197:pneumonia
158:Frequency
149:Prognosis
99:pneumonia
64:Specialty
2589:Injuries
2521:injuries
2516:Lung and
2463:vascular
2455:injuries
2372:Lisfranc
2148:Scaphoid
2119:Barton's
2099:Galeazzi
2044:Proximal
2016:Scapular
2011:Clavicle
1628:11113635
1620:24782038
1579:Archived
1531:Archived
1500:21841954
1443:34473654
1378:32843243
1323:31932127
1260:35082310
1252:23995061
1217:31091512
1160:35917775
1113:Archived
1082:16936230
1033:19026224
984:28958357
938:Archived
936:. 2015.
899:27894495
864:27482027
829:27572897
780:45547470
772:22673074
723:23442272
715:28559032
648:14979330
608:Archived
520:Archived
506:(E-Book)
452:See also
444:section.
335:thoracic
251:Bruising
181:Bruising
76:Symptoms
2168:Busch's
2163:Boxer's
2153:Rolando
2114:Smith's
2104:Colles'
1825:General
1764:Scholia
1704:D012253
1491:3150812
1208:6549589
1073:2080754
1024:3256783
820:5378742
428:Surgery
394:viscera
235:opioids
142:opioids
1766:has a
1626:
1618:
1571:
1523:
1498:
1488:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1329:
1321:
1283:
1258:
1250:
1215:
1205:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1105:
1080:
1070:
1052:Thorax
1031:
1021:
1013:
982:
934:NHS.UK
897:
862:
827:
817:
778:
770:
721:
713:
669:
646:
600:
512:
440:screw.
323:X-rays
321:Plain
281:Causes
273:, and
231:NSAIDs
195:, and
161:Common
138:NSAIDs
105:Causes
2483:heart
2387:March
2377:Jones
1768:topic
1715:11553
1693:807.1
1689:807.0
1674:S22.4
1670:S22.3
1624:S2CID
1447:S2CID
1382:S2CID
1327:S2CID
1256:S2CID
1164:S2CID
776:S2CID
719:S2CID
691:(PDF)
233:, or
175:in a
173:break
171:is a
1980:Ribs
1867:Head
1816:and
1699:MeSH
1684:9-CM
1616:PMID
1569:ISBN
1539:2015
1521:ISBN
1496:PMID
1439:PMID
1431:ISSN
1374:PMID
1366:ISSN
1319:PMID
1281:ISBN
1248:PMID
1213:PMID
1156:PMID
1148:ISSN
1103:ISBN
1078:PMID
1029:PMID
1011:ISSN
980:PMID
946:2015
895:PMID
860:PMID
848:98-B
825:PMID
768:PMID
737:link
711:PMID
667:ISBN
644:PMID
598:ISBN
510:ISBN
237:. A
2205:Leg
1680:ICD
1661:ICD
1606:doi
1602:103
1548:at
1486:PMC
1478:doi
1421:hdl
1413:doi
1409:133
1358:doi
1311:doi
1240:doi
1203:PMC
1195:doi
1140:doi
1068:PMC
1060:doi
1019:PMC
972:doi
916:at
887:doi
852:doi
815:PMC
807:doi
760:doi
703:doi
636:doi
562:doi
177:rib
2575::
1737::
1713::
1702::
1691:,
1687::
1668::
1665:10
1622:.
1614:.
1600:.
1596:.
1577:.
1529:.
1494:.
1484:.
1474:36
1472:.
1468:.
1445:.
1437:.
1429:.
1419:.
1407:.
1403:.
1380:.
1372:.
1364:.
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1317:.
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1305:.
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1191:32
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1146:.
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1050:.
1027:.
1017:.
1007:52
1005:.
1001:.
978:.
968:97
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932:.
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883:33
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813:.
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729:{{
717:.
709:.
699:70
697:.
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518:.
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412:,
277:.
269:,
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739:)
725:.
705::
675:.
650:.
638::
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564::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
