612:(DFO) considers this species endangered based on a 2012 Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada assessment. The status report identified that catches of cusk in the DFO summer bottom-trawl survey had declined by roughly 90% from 1970 to the late 1990s. A landings limit of 1000 mt was put in place in 1999 in the 4X North American Fisheries Organization area and was further restricted to 750 t and expanded to include the 4VWX5Z NAFO areas in 2003. Cusk are still commonly caught as bycatch in the longline and lobster fisheries and can be found in supermarkets in Atlantic Canada despite its threatened status. A study that was conducted in the Gulf of Maine region showed that the conservation status of cusk was partly dependent on future greenhouse gas emissions. Higher emissions showed greater habitat reduction, as much as 80% by the end of the century.
399:; they are continuous at the base, but separated by very deep notches so that they are obviously distinct. Moreover, the caudal fin is evenly rounded. It is variable in color, from slate to reddish brown above, and paling to gray on the lower sides and underneath. Older fish are usually plain-colored, while the young often have transverse yellow bands on their sides. Their maximum length is about 4 ft (120 cm) and top weight is about 45 lb (20 kg). The IGFA world record stands at 37 lb 14 oz (17,20 kg), caught by Anders Jonasson outside Sørøya in northern Norway.
55:
555:
509:
593:
342:
42:
188:
858:
500:
Studies conducted in
Western Norway, Central Europe, and the Mediterranean have shown that mercury concentrations within fish are highest in wild-marine fish, which sometimes exceed food-safety guidelines of 500 ÎĽg/kg, whereas wild-freshwater and farmed fish have less mercury within their
521:
It spawns in the spring and summer, usually between April and early July. A medium-sized female has been known to produce more than two million buoyant eggs. The young live near the surface until they are about 2 in (5 cm) long, and then seek out rocky ocean floors in deep water.
584:
coast, and most of them are caught during the winter and spring. The commercial catch individuals run between 1 and 2 feet long (30–60 cm), and average about 5 lb (2 kg). It is an excellent food fish. It is marketed as fresh or frozen fillets; a part of the catch is
862:
501:
system. This is probably due to the fact that most mercury first enters rivers from inland sources and then accumulates in marine environments where the cusk live. In addition to this, it has also been shown that mercury concentrations are higher within
902:
Hare, Jonathan; Manderson, John; Nye, Janet; Alexander, Michael; Auster, Peter; Borggaard, Diane; Capotondi, Antonietta; Damon-Randall, Kimberly; Heupel, Eric; Mateo, Ivan; O'Brien, Loretta; Richardson, David; Stock, Charles; Biegel, Sarah (2012).
814:
Zupo, Valerio; Graber, Gunnar; Kamel, Samar; Plichta, Veronika; Granitzer, Sebastian; Gundacker, Claudia; Wittmann, Karl J. (December 2019). "Mercury accumulation in freshwater and marine fish from the wild and from aquaculture ponds".
441:
It is normally found in water deeper than 600 ft (200 m), and practically always is taken over rough bottoms where rocks, ledges, or gravel are common. Good fishing areas are usually much more limited than is the case with
693:
Knutsen, H.; Jorde, P. E.; Sannaes, H.; Hoelzel, R. A.; Bergstad, O. A.; Stefanni, S.; Johansen, T.; Stenseth, N. C. (2009). "Bathymetric barriers promoting genetic structure in the deepwater demersal fish tusk
438:. This suggests deep-water areas are barriers for adult movements, and though they have pelagic eggs and larvae, dispersal during early life stages is not effective over long distances.
623:, has some concerns regarding its conservation status and current threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the
746:"Tracing Mercury Pollution along the Norwegian Coast via Elemental, Speciation, and Isotopic Analysis of Liver and Muscle Tissue of Deep-Water Marine Fish (Brosme brosme)"
627:. On March 9, 2007, the National Marine Fisheries Service announced the initiation of a status review to determine whether the species warrants listing under the act.
434:
Cusk show little genetic differentiation over large distances, except where populations are surrounded by deep-water areas, namely on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the
1106:
497:. Cusk are a food source for many other organisms, so the toxins they accumulate over time directly affect any other organism that consumes them, including humans.
1158:
1080:
1119:
1281:
1197:
1276:
1054:
905:"Cusk (Brosme brosme) and climate change: assessing the threat to a candidate marine fish species under the US Endangered Species Act"
1266:
1171:
260:
1223:
678:
1286:
1271:
1261:
651:
1124:
1145:
744:
Rua-Ibarz, Ana; Bolea-Fernandez, Eduardo; Maage, Amund; Frantzen, Sylvia; Sanden, Monica; Vanhaecke, Frank (2019-02-19).
1028:
609:
674:
505:
rather than coastal and open areas. This is likely due to the morphology of the fjords, or to local human activity.
1163:
298:
271:
249:
1256:
238:
54:
886:
968:
937:
Endangered and
Threatened Species; Initiation of a Status Review under the Endangered Species Act for Cusk
1033:
561:
Cusk are primarily fished on the North
American North Atlantic coastal shelf near the American state of
318:
160:
1228:
1015:
757:
411:, mostly in moderately deep water. On the North American coast, it is regularly found southward to
1137:
1006:
840:
723:
566:
428:
200:
49:
1111:
1210:
832:
793:
785:
715:
478:
1251:
1215:
916:
824:
775:
765:
707:
486:
619:, which are those species about which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
1184:
490:
761:
485:(MeHg), which is one of the most toxic species of mercury compounds. MeHg is subject to
408:
177:
137:
96:
1245:
844:
711:
647:
573:
482:
329:
727:
554:
387:
It is easily distinguished at a glance from other cod-like fish, as it has only one
592:
539:
508:
435:
419:. Its maximum range covers most of the North Atlantic, including the waters around
828:
1150:
1132:
1093:
1000:
581:
470:
187:
133:
1020:
616:
1176:
535:
416:
392:
388:
341:
106:
1059:
991:
921:
904:
789:
17:
1041:
770:
745:
474:
461:, which is also called the "freshwater cusk", of a different Lotidae genus.
66:
836:
797:
719:
41:
1189:
1067:
985:
892:(PDF) - Fisheries and Oceans Canada report on the state of cusk fisheries
780:
660:
577:
494:
412:
396:
86:
624:
1085:
875:
543:
531:
451:
447:
420:
362:
116:
1098:
1072:
586:
502:
458:
424:
76:
962:
1046:
591:
562:
553:
507:
340:
1202:
966:
391:. Also characteristic of the fish is the nature of its dorsal,
597:
481:(Hg). Within aquatic ecosystems, mercury can get converted to
454:. It is an offshore fish and rarely is one taken in a harbor.
443:
358:
345:
Brosme for sale at the fish market in Bergen, Norway, in 2012
534:
species, and is sluggish and a rather weak swimmer. It eats
620:
600:
statistics. The highest catch was 55,000 tonnes in 1980.
512:
Mercury trophic transfer within an aquatic environment.
477:. A specific pollutant that affects them is inorganic
941:
Federal
Register;; v72, (March 9, 2007), 10710-10711.
975:
580:account for most of the commercial catch off the
576:, cusk are chiefly taken on hook and line. Line
615:Cusk is a US National Marine Fisheries Service
596:Global annual cusk catches in 1950-2003 from
8:
963:
642:
640:
473:animals, the cusk is directly affected by
186:
40:
31:
920:
779:
769:
688:
686:
636:
407:It is distributed on both sides of the
859:"COSEWIC Species Database : Cusk"
750:Environmental Science & Technology
365:. It is the only species in the genus
7:
809:
807:
739:
737:
457:It should not be confused with the
25:
957:The Wise Fishermen's Encyclopedia
621:National Marine Fisheries Service
371:. Its other common names include
874:COSEWIC Species Database: Cusk.
712:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04253.x
679:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
53:
427:coast. It is also found on the
195:Distribution of cusk (in blue)
909:ICES Journal of Marine Science
677:Fish and seafood fact sheets.
361:-like fish in the ling family
1:
1282:Taxa named by Peter Ascanius
829:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.112975
610:Fisheries and Oceans Canada
1303:
1277:Fish of the North Atlantic
206:
199:
194:
185:
166:
159:
50:Scientific classification
48:
39:
34:
1267:Fauna of Atlantic Canada
887:SARA registry report on
650:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
403:Distribution and habitat
817:Environmental Pollution
771:10.1021/acs.est.8b04706
1287:Fish described in 1772
922:10.1093/icesjms/fss160
625:Endangered Species Act
601:
558:
538:and other soft-bodied
513:
357:) is a North Atlantic
346:
1272:Fish of the North Sea
1262:Marine fish of Europe
595:
557:
511:
415:and occasionally off
344:
955:E. C. Raney "Cusk."
762:2019EnST...53.1776R
664:. May 2006 version.
605:Conservation status
326:Brosmius americanus
268:Brosmius flavescens
617:species of concern
602:
567:Canadian Maritimes
559:
514:
429:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
347:
279:Brosmerus flavesny
227:Enchelyopus brosme
1239:
1238:
1211:Open Tree of Life
969:Taxon identifiers
706:(15): 3151–3162.
700:Molecular Ecology
550:Fishing technique
530:It is strictly a
339:
338:
333:
322:
311:
306:Brosmius vulgaris
302:
291:
287:Brosmius flavesny
283:
275:
264:
253:
242:
231:
223:
214:
141:
16:(Redirected from
1294:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1192:
1180:
1179:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1153:
1151:NBNSYS0000179935
1141:
1140:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1009:
996:
995:
994:
964:
943:
933:
927:
926:
924:
899:
893:
884:
878:
873:
871:
870:
861:. Archived from
855:
849:
848:
823:(Pt 1): 112975.
811:
802:
801:
783:
773:
756:(4): 1776–1785.
741:
732:
731:
690:
681:
672:
666:
665:
644:
487:biomagnification
469:Like many other
328:
317:
315:Brosmius scotica
309:
297:
295:Brosmus vulgaris
289:
281:
270:
259:
248:
237:
230:(Ascanius, 1772)
229:
221:
212:
190:
172:
132:
58:
57:
44:
32:
21:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1257:Commercial fish
1242:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1188:
1185:Observation.org
1183:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1110:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1005:
1004:
999:
990:
989:
984:
971:
952:
950:Further reading
947:
946:
934:
930:
901:
900:
896:
885:
881:
868:
866:
857:
856:
852:
813:
812:
805:
743:
742:
735:
692:
691:
684:
673:
669:
646:
645:
638:
633:
607:
552:
532:bottom-dwelling
528:
519:
491:bioaccumulation
467:
405:
385:
290:(Lesueur, 1819)
222:Ascanius, 1772)
218:Brosmius brosme
181:
174:
168:
155:
131:
52:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1300:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1220:
1207:
1194:
1181:
1168:
1155:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1090:
1077:
1064:
1051:
1038:
1025:
1012:
997:
981:
979:
973:
972:
967:
961:
960:
951:
948:
945:
944:
928:
894:
879:
850:
803:
733:
682:
667:
648:Froese, Rainer
635:
634:
632:
629:
606:
603:
551:
548:
527:
524:
518:
515:
493:within marine
466:
463:
409:North Atlantic
404:
401:
384:
381:
337:
336:
335:
334:
323:
312:
310:Fleming, 1828)
303:
292:
284:
276:
265:
257:Blennius torsk
254:
243:
232:
224:
215:
213:Ascanius, 1772
204:
203:
197:
196:
192:
191:
183:
182:
175:
164:
163:
157:
156:
152:B. brosme
149:
147:
143:
142:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:Actinopterygii
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1299:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1007:Brosme brosme
1002:
998:
993:
987:
983:
982:
980:
978:
977:Brosme brosme
974:
970:
965:
958:
954:
953:
949:
942:
938:
932:
929:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
898:
895:
891:
890:
883:
880:
877:
865:on 2014-02-02
864:
860:
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
810:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
782:
781:11250/2636594
777:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
738:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:Brosme brosme
689:
687:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
663:
662:
657:
655:
654:Brosme brosme
649:
643:
641:
637:
630:
628:
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
604:
599:
594:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
574:Gulf of Maine
570:
568:
564:
556:
549:
547:
545:
541:
540:invertebrates
537:
533:
525:
523:
516:
510:
506:
504:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:methylmercury
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
439:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
382:
380:
378:
374:
373:European cusk
370:
369:
364:
360:
356:
355:Brosme brosme
352:
343:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
313:
307:
304:
300:
296:
293:
288:
285:
282:Lesueur, 1819
280:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
225:
219:
216:
211:
208:
207:
205:
202:
198:
193:
189:
184:
179:
173:
171:
170:Brosme brosme
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
139:
135:
130:
129:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Brosme brosme
976:
956:
940:
936:
931:
915:(10): 1764.
912:
908:
897:
888:
882:
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
853:
820:
816:
753:
749:
703:
699:
695:
670:
659:
653:
614:
608:
571:
560:
529:
520:
499:
468:
456:
440:
436:Rockall Bank
433:
406:
386:
376:
372:
367:
366:
354:
350:
348:
325:
314:
305:
294:
286:
278:
267:
256:
245:
234:
226:
217:
210:Gadus brosme
209:
169:
167:
151:
150:
127:
126:
29:
1133:NatureServe
1094:iNaturalist
1001:Wikispecies
582:New England
536:crustaceans
383:Description
235:Gadus torsk
1246:Categories
869:2014-01-23
631:References
417:New Jersey
389:dorsal fin
246:Gadus lubb
239:Bonnaterre
107:Gadiformes
845:201226087
790:0013-936X
495:food webs
475:pollution
465:Pollution
425:Norwegian
397:anal fins
250:Euphrasen
146:Species:
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1138:2.101012
1112:10144920
1068:FishBase
986:Wikidata
837:31541831
798:30652479
728:27898655
720:19549108
661:FishBase
565:and the
544:mollusks
423:and the
413:Cape Cod
377:brosmius
319:Swainson
261:Lacepède
201:Synonyms
178:Ascanius
113:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1252:Lotidae
1086:2415505
992:Q850056
876:COSEWIC
758:Bibcode
572:In the
479:mercury
452:pollock
448:haddock
421:Iceland
363:Lotidae
299:Fleming
272:Lesueur
180:, 1772)
140:), 1817
123:Genus:
117:Lotidae
103:Order:
93:Class:
1229:126447
1216:863699
1203:126447
1190:644363
1125:164740
1099:215458
1060:124019
1047:BROSBR
1021:Brosme
959:(1951)
935:NMFS.
843:
835:
796:
788:
726:
718:
587:smoked
578:trawls
517:Habits
503:fjords
471:marine
459:burbot
395:, and
393:caudal
375:, and
368:Brosme
332:, 1863
321:, 1839
301:, 1828
274:, 1819
263:, 1800
252:, 1794
241:, 1788
138:Cuvier
128:Brosme
1224:WoRMS
1164:81638
1107:IRMNG
1055:EUNIS
1034:52756
841:S2CID
724:S2CID
563:Maine
450:, or
35:Cusk
1198:OBIS
1177:cusk
1172:NOAA
1159:NCBI
1120:ITIS
1081:GBIF
1042:EPPO
1029:BOLD
889:Cusk
833:PMID
794:PMID
786:ISSN
716:PMID
698:)".
675:Cusk
542:and
526:Diet
489:and
351:cusk
349:The
330:Gill
136:(ex
134:Oken
1146:NBN
1016:ADW
917:doi
825:doi
821:255
776:hdl
766:doi
708:doi
598:FAO
444:cod
359:cod
1248::
1226::
1213::
1200::
1187::
1174::
1161::
1148::
1135::
1122::
1109::
1096::
1083::
1073:51
1070::
1057::
1044::
1031::
1018::
1003::
988::
913:69
911:.
907:.
839:.
831:.
819:.
806:^
792:.
784:.
774:.
764:.
754:53
752:.
748:.
736:^
722:.
714:.
704:18
702:.
685:^
658:.
639:^
589:.
569:.
546:.
446:,
431:.
379:.
939:.
925:.
919::
872:.
847:.
827::
800:.
778::
768::
760::
730:.
710::
694:(
656:"
652:"
353:(
308:(
220:(
176:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
