1998:
231:
366:
normally have no place in the college," wrote
Elizabeth James in 2015. "Research papers, debates, and literary exercises gave vitality to intellectual life within the college. The societies provided a place where student voices and opinions could be heard, and their questions or thoughts about the world around them interrogated by their classmates." These societies helped pave Yale's way toward a broader European model of education.
29:
123:
2075:
247:
394:
239:
2087:
362:, discussed scientific questions and gravitated towards literary pursuits. This is substantiated by the Brothers' public documentation, which says the society sought "lofty places in science, literature, and oratory" fields, as well as general "intellectual improvement." It also produced plays, including contemporary British dramas and works by its members.
370:
and "generous rivals."When Yale built its first central library in 1846, Linonia and
Brothers in Unity accepted the library's invitation to house their collections in the new building. For several decades, the collections were maintained separately, each with a librarian, staff, catalogs, and building entrance. However, the society declined during the
346:
The notion of including freshmen was challenged by two or three existing literary groups that waged "an incessant war" against the new society, as described in
Brothers in Unity's 1841 catalog of members. But within a year, Brothers became fully independent, its popularity influencing other societies
369:
Both groups held expansive literary collections, which they used to compete against each other. Between 1780 and 1841, the
Brothers claimed to own more volumes than Linonia, although these assertions are disputed. Despite their rivalry, the two societies described each other as "ornaments" of Yale
264:
The
Society of Brothers in Unity at Yale College was founded in 1768 by 21 members of the Yale classes of 1768, 1769, 1770, and 1771. The society was founded chiefly to reduce class separation among literary societies; at the time, Yale freshmen were not "received" into any society, and junior
485:
Members of the group between 1768 and 1841 include 26 Yale valedictorians, several
Supreme Court justices, one Chief Justice, six governors, 13 Senators, 45 Congressional representatives, a Secretary of the Navy, a Secretary of the Treasury, a Postmaster General, 14 presidents of colleges and
365:
By the beginning of the 19th century, most Yale
College students joined either the Brothers or Linonia. "While the official curriculum remained extraordinarily rigid, the student body built a rich extra-curriculum through the literary societies that allowed them to explore subjects that would
401:
In 2021, 21 Yale undergraduates revived the defunct society in a different form. While the original
Brothers had a relatively open admissions policy and a large membership, its new incarnation follows the model of Yale's restrictive and smaller senior
271:, a freshman of the class of 1771, persuaded two members of the senior class, three junior class members, two sophomores, and 14 freshmen to support the establishment of a new society. Its founding members were:
481:
Membership in
Brother in Unity admits 10 new members each spring. A current Yale professor acts as an ex-officio member to advise the society. As of October 2023, it had 120 alumni and current members.
351:
accepted four—the first recorded time in which underclassmen were publicly accepted into a Yale society. It is speculated that this struggle launched the
Brothers' century-long rivalry with Linonia.
2138:
1504:
382:. The reading room contains the Linonia and Brothers (L&B) collection, a travel collection, a collection devoted to medieval history, and books recently added to Sterling's collections.
378:. Linonia and Brothers proposed donating their collections to Yale in 1860, and this was finally done in 1872. These donations are commemorated in the Linonia and Brothers Room of Yale's
354:
Through at least 1841, the society is said to have followed the template of other debating societies, although operating under "Masonic secrecy," according to 19th-century Yale historian
220:
that encompassed nearly half the student body at its 19th-century peak, the group disbanded in the late 1870s after donating its collection of books to help form Yale's central library.
2128:
1892:
1440:
454:
Brothers in Unity holds debates and invites speakers to discuss contemporary entrepreneurship, foreign policy, literature, and politics. In 2021, it hosted a lecture named for
2029:
1931:
1979:
1862:
1833:
347:
to reconsider their exclusion of first-year students. The Yale College freshman class of 1771 ultimately yielded 15 members to the new group, while the older
2133:
1969:
1496:
1258:
2060:
1800:
1924:
1694:
769:
422:
409:
The new group says it seeks members with professional experience in, or simply passion for, certain types of public service, including the
1407:
2123:
1884:
1103:
663:
519:
403:
1373:
1206:
1432:
2118:
730:
2090:
486:
universities, two U.S. Attorneys General, and a U.S. Vice President. By 1841, a total of 2,828 students had belonged to the group.
234:
References to Brothers in Unity can be found throughout Yale's campus, including several within the courtyards of Branford College
2113:
2078:
1917:
601:
654:
2039:
1130:
1126:
1037:
970:
1770:
418:
1854:
1825:
1733:
1974:
1268:
1078:
2014:
1467:
951:
410:
1613:
1334:
385:
Brothers in Unity disbanded after the library donation; various sources say this happened in 1871, 1872, or 1878.
1956:
942:
671:
379:
306:
268:
690:
577:
463:
1665:
1940:
1296:
893:
470:
414:
166:
1997:
1984:
1189:
1088:
529:
425:; and, in "exceptional circumstances", people who demonstrate business leadership or entrepreneurship.
1723:
Kathy M. Umbricht Straka The Yale University Library Gazette, Vol. 54, No. 4 (April 1980), pp. 183-192
446:, meaning "From small things come great things". Its values are chivalry, openness, and selflessness.
440:
Internally, members call the society the Brotherhood. In 1768 or 1769, the Brothers adopted the motto
1792:
786:
778:
630:
511:
265:
society members were forced into the servitude of seniors "under dread of the severest penalties".
1054:
874:
1686:
2024:
1546:
1250:
1143:
1028:
715:
459:
371:
359:
1399:
1064:
908:
883:
844:
568:
2034:
1281:
1156:
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804:
611:
355:
230:
2055:
1365:
1225:
1134:
814:
760:
592:
375:
213:
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52:
1540:
1640:
1198:
1166:
859:
829:
700:
645:
455:
224:
122:
63:
28:
469:
In 2022, the Brothers donated photographs and documents concerning its revival to the
2107:
1118:
796:
544:
1497:"Linonian and Brothers in Unity: The Societies that Built Yale University's Library"
1964:
1216:
1046:
995:
961:
923:
681:
1542:
A Catalogue of the Members of the Society of Brothers in Unity, Yale College, 1841
1181:
1152:
980:
932:
745:
559:
466:. The Brothers also award the David Humphreys Prize for a valedictory oration.
172:
1762:
246:
1004:
1741:
1400:"Yale University Library Research Guides: Yale History Timeline: 1870 - 1879"
1235:
1073:
620:
585:
Revolutionary War officer, a state legislator, and a Berkshire County judge
429:
393:
238:
1243:
First Chinese student to graduate from an American university, businessman
1909:
1642:
History of Yale College: From Its Foundation, A.D. 1700, to the Year 1838
1793:"Series Accession 2023-A-0011: Brothers in Unity photographs, 2021-2022"
1714:
The Linonian Society Library of Yale College: The First Years, 1768—1790
1475:
1605:
1326:
348:
217:
358:. Baldwin wrote that the group, in conjunction with Linonia and the
1657:
1021:
U.S. Representative from New York, Attorney General for New York.
392:
245:
237:
229:
188:
1645:. B. and W. Noyes. pp. 235–236 – via Internet Archive.
1913:
638:
Surgeon, pioneer of French sign language in the United States
374:
and against the competition of newer secret societies such as
1545:. New Haven, Connecticut: Hitchcock & Stafford. pp.
1433:"Yale's Extracurricular and Social Organizations 1780-1960"
1658:"The History of the Yale Dramatic Association, 1900-1980s"
1885:"Yale College's first black grad: it's not who you think"
1366:"The True University: Yale's Library from 1843 to 1931"
1883:
Bass, Carole; Branch, Mark Alden (February 28, 2014).
2139:
Student organizations established in the 18th century
1289:
United States Representative from Vermont (1815-1817
852:
U.S. Senator, 8th lieutenant governor of Connecticut
768:
Missionary, reformer, and activist for the rights of
428:
The society is funded by the 1768 Foundation Inc., a
250:
Linonia and Brothers Room, Sterling Memorial Library
2048:
2005:
1949:
183:
161:
153:
145:
137:
129:
117:
101:
93:
85:
77:
69:
58:
35:
21:
2030:Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies
1861:. New Haven, Connecticut. 1894-01-26. p. 2.
343:The group picked Stanley as its first president.
1832:. Hartford, Connecticut. 1841-12-10. p. 2.
1304:President of Yale College, author, and academic
2129:College literary societies in the United States
537:Supreme Court justice and U.S. Representative
242:Brothers in Unity and Linonia Society memorial
1925:
8:
227:by members of the senior class and alumni.
208:) is an undergraduate literary and debating
1970:Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library
623:; Brigadier General of Connecticut militia
441:
106:
1932:
1918:
1910:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
493:
18:
552:Abolitionist and congregational preacher
473:'s Manuscript and Archives collection.
1318:
753:U.S. Representative from Massachusetts
432:public charity administered by alumni.
16:Literary society at Yale University, US
1820:
1818:
1803:from the original on November 2, 2022
1773:from the original on November 1, 2022
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1426:
1424:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
113:(From small things come great things)
7:
2086:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1582:
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1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1507:from the original on 2 November 2023
1462:
1460:
1458:
1443:from the original on 26 October 2021
1276:Geographer and educational reformer
1096:Founder of Shearling & Sterling
216:. Founded in 1768 as a literary and
1656:Tsourapas, Gerasimos (April 2004).
1057:, senator, and U.S. representative
458:, the seventh chief justice of the
2134:2021 establishments in Connecticut
2061:Windham–Campbell Literature Prizes
1539:Robinson, W.E. (1841). "Preface".
1431:Havemayer, Loomis (January 1961).
1370:MSSA Kaplan Prize for Yale History
901:U.S. Senator and Attorney General
822:U.S. Representative from New York
674:, U.S. senator and Representative
567:Ambassador to France, drafted the
14:
1826:"Brothers In Unity, Yale College"
1261:and 24th governor of Connecticut
389:Second incarnation (2021-present)
2085:
2074:
2073:
1996:
954:colonel, Ambassador to Portugal
397:Brothers in Unity, December 2021
157:The Society of Brothers in Unity
121:
27:
1980:Cushing/Whitney Medical Library
1895:from the original on 2023-07-07
1865:from the original on 2023-07-07
1836:from the original on 2023-07-07
1697:from the original on 2022-10-28
1687:"An Irrepressible Urge to Join"
1668:from the original on 2023-07-07
1616:from the original on 2023-05-30
1410:from the original on 2022-10-27
1376:from the original on 2022-10-27
1364:James, Elizabeth (2015-05-01).
1337:from the original on 2023-05-30
969:U.S. Senator from Connecticut,
693:, Mayor of Oakland, California
655:Case Western Reserve University
2040:Oral History of American Music
1259:U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
971:Secretary of State of New York
1:
1855:"Death of Dr. Carroll Cutler"
1159:captain, U.S. representative
462:, who helped strike down the
1474:. 2021-11-28. Archived from
1151:Spymaster and leader of the
223:It was revived in 2021 as a
206:Society of Brothers in Unity
41:; 256 years ago
1872:– via Newspapers.com.
1859:The Morning Journal-Courier
1843:– via Newspapers.com.
1269:William Channing Woodbridge
1224:founding father, author of
1079:American Journal of Science
988:U.S. Senator from New York
738:U.S. Senator from Georgia.
423:U.S. intelligence community
89:Public and military service
2155:
2124:Student debating societies
1209:of the U.S. Supreme Court
1072:chemist, first to distill
520:U.S. Secretary of the Navy
2069:
1994:
1957:Sterling Memorial Library
1662:Yale Dramatic Association
1639:Ebenezer Baldwin (1841).
672:Governor of Massachusetts
380:Sterling Memorial Library
26:
2119:Secret societies at Yale
867:U.S. Postmaster General
691:University of California
578:John Brown of Pittsfield
464:Civil Rights Act of 1875
2114:Yale University Library
1942:Yale University Library
1797:Yale University Library
1503:. CT State Government.
1501:Connecticut History.Org
1297:Theodore Dwight Woolsey
1076:, and a founder of the
935:, Governor of Michigan
602:U.S. Secretary of State
471:Yale University Library
443:E parvis oriuntur magna
108:E parvis oriuntur magna
1985:Lewis Walpole Library
1740:. 2021. Archived from
1111:Supreme Court justice
973:. U.S. Representative
886:to graduate from Yale
442:
436:Symbols and traditions
398:
251:
243:
235:
107:
2015:Babylonian Collection
1131:U.S. Attorney General
1127:U.S. Secretary of War
1089:John William Sterling
1038:U.S. Secretary of War
396:
249:
241:
233:
1889:Yale Alumni Magazine
1769:. October 31, 2022.
1691:Yale Alumni Magazine
1478:on November 28, 2021
916:U.S. Representative
837:U.S. Representative
787:Mayor of Los Angeles
779:Stephen Clark Foster
631:Mason Fitch Cogswell
512:George Edmund Badger
419:U.S. foreign service
1975:Goldman Law Library
1439:. Yale University.
1055:Governor of Vermont
875:Richard Henry Green
50:–1878; revived 2021
2025:Calliopean Society
1437:Eli Scholar's Page
1251:Oliver Wolcott Jr.
1144:Benjamin Tallmadge
1029:Peter Buell Porter
716:Christopher Ellery
460:U.S. Supreme Court
399:
360:Calliopean Society
314:Achilles Mansfield
252:
244:
236:
2101:
2100:
2020:Brothers in Unity
1763:"1768 Foundation"
1738:Brothers in Unity
1610:Brothers in Unity
1472:Brothers in Unity
1331:Brothers in Unity
1310:
1309:
1065:Benjamin Silliman
952:Revolutionary War
909:Thomas H. Hubbard
845:Chauncey Goodrich
807:of the U.S. Army
653:President of the
569:Treaty of Tripoli
411:U.S. armed forces
338:Joseph Woodbridge
320:Sylvester Muirson
260:First incarnation
202:Brothers in Unity
199:
198:
22:Brothers in Unity
2146:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2035:Linonian Society
2000:
1988:
1987:(Farmington, CT)
1961:
1943:
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1927:
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1911:
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1901:
1900:
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1830:Hartford Courant
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1381:
1361:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1323:
1282:Chauncey Langdon
1157:Continental Army
1014:Thomas J. Oakley
884:African American
805:Adjutant General
770:Native Americans
612:Moses Cleaveland
494:
445:
404:secret societies
356:Ebenezer Baldwin
349:Linonian Society
311:Mark Leavenworth
297:Phinehas Fanning
218:debating society
195:
192:
191:.brothersinunity
190:
179:
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125:
110:
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42:
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19:
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2097:
2091:
2079:
2065:
2056:Bollingen Prize
2044:
2007:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1959:
1945:
1941:
1938:
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1315:
1226:Merriam-Webster
1135:Skull and Bones
943:David Humphreys
931:General in the
815:Ezekiel Gilbert
761:Jeremiah Evarts
621:Cleveland, Ohio
604:, U.S. Senator
593:John M. Clayton
522:, U.S. Senator
492:
490:Notable members
479:
452:
438:
391:
376:Skull and Bones
341:
307:David Humphreys
285:William Burrall
269:David Humphreys
262:
257:
214:Yale University
204:(formally, the
187:
177:
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171:
165:
112:
53:Yale University
51:
45:
43:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2017:
2011:
2009:
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1995:
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1982:
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1967:
1962:
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1922:
1914:
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1814:
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1725:
1716:
1707:
1693:. March 2021.
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1199:Morrison Waite
1195:
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1167:Thomas Thacher
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1104:William Strong
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868:
865:
862:
860:Gideon Granger
856:
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838:
835:
832:
830:Thomas R. Gold
826:
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718:
712:
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709:
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703:
701:William Edmond
697:
696:
694:
687:
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332:Oliver Stanley
330:
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326:Josiah Pomeroy
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1965:Bass Library
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
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1858:
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1838:. Retrieved
1829:
1805:. Retrieved
1796:
1787:
1775:. Retrieved
1766:
1757:
1746:. Retrieved
1742:the original
1737:
1734:"Membership"
1728:
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1710:
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1661:
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1500:
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1476:the original
1471:
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1436:
1412:. Retrieved
1404:Yale Library
1403:
1378:. Retrieved
1369:
1339:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1217:Noah Webster
1190:U.S. senator
1077:
1047:Israel Smith
1003:Inventor of
996:Samuel Morse
962:James Lanman
924:William Hull
731:John Elliott
689:Founded the
682:Henry Durant
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335:Simeon Tryon
317:Allyn Mather
303:Levi Hubbell
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162:Headquarters
118:Member badge
105:
2008:collections
2006:History and
1807:November 1,
1777:October 31,
1447:28 November
1228:dictionary
1182:Uriah Tracy
1153:Culper Ring
981:Henry Meigs
933:War of 1812
746:William Ely
708:politician
560:Joel Barlow
506:References
503:Notability
500:Class Year
288:David Close
279:Lewis Beebe
173:Connecticut
73:Independent
70:Affiliation
2108:Categories
1950:Facilities
1899:2023-07-06
1869:2023-07-06
1840:2023-07-06
1748:2022-10-27
1701:2022-11-01
1672:2023-07-06
1620:2023-07-06
1511:12 October
1482:2022-11-01
1414:2022-10-27
1380:2022-10-27
1341:2023-07-08
1313:References
1005:Morse code
894:Ray Greene
664:John Davis
477:Membership
450:Activities
282:John Brown
1767:Guidestar
1606:"History"
1236:Yung Wing
1074:petroleum
950:American
430:501(c)(3)
372:Civil War
329:Seth Sage
300:John Hart
167:New Haven
154:Full Name
2080:Category
1893:Archived
1863:Archived
1834:Archived
1801:Archived
1771:Archived
1695:Archived
1666:Archived
1614:Archived
1505:Archived
1441:Archived
1408:Archived
1374:Archived
1335:Archived
619:Founded
149:Brothers
146:Nickname
130:Chapters
86:Emphasis
2092:Commons
1468:"About"
1174:lawyer
255:History
210:society
184:Website
138:Members
62:Senior
44: (
36:Founded
2049:Prizes
1960:(main)
1553:4 June
1327:"Home"
882:First
421:, and
417:, the
81:Active
78:Status
1301:1820
1286:1787
1273:1812
1255:1778
1240:1854
1221:1778
1203:1837
1186:1778
1171:1872
1148:1773
1123:1833
1108:1828
1093:1864
1069:1796
1051:1781
1036:12th
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1000:1810
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898:1784
879:1857
864:1787
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735:1794
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668:1812
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635:1780
616:1777
600:18th
597:1815
582:1771
564:1778
549:1820
534:1797
516:1816
497:Name
102:Motto
97:Local
94:Scope
1809:2022
1779:2022
1555:2015
1513:2023
1449:2021
193:.org
59:Type
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39:1768
212:at
189:www
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1563:^
1549:–6
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