43:
255:
arrived at
Barbados on 9 February 1788 with 230 captives. She sailed from Barbados on 6 March and arrived back at Liverpool on 12 April. When she arrived her master was again Joseph Clark. It is not clear when the substitution occurred. She had left Liverpool with 27 crew members and had suffered
298:
sailed from Africa on 22 April and arrived at
Montego Bay on 29 May. She had embarked 214 captives and she arrived with 212, for a mortality rate of 1%. She arrived back at Liverpool on 28 September. She had left Liverpool with 31 crew members and had suffered five crew deaths on her voyage.
276:
sailed from Africa on 3 August and arrived at
Montego Bay on 25 September. She had embarked 211 captives and arrived with 209, for a mortality rate of 1%. She arrived back at Liverpool on 16 January 1792. She had left with 17 crew members and had suffered three crew deaths on her voyage.
211:
arrived at
Grenada on 2 April 1784 with 180 captives, and landed 179. She sailed from Grenada on 11 May and arrived back at Liverpool on 14 June. She had left Liverpool with 23 crew member and had suffered eight crew deaths on her voyage.
222:
arrived at
Grenada on 9 March 1785 with 253 captives and landed 248. She sailed from Grenada on 29 March and arrived back at Liverpool on 17 May. She had left Liverpool with 27 crew members and had suffered one crew death on her voyage.
482:(Dolben's Act), which permitted her to carry without penalty only up to 184 or 199 captives (depending on what burthen measurement was used for the calculation). On three of her four prior voyages
245:
arrived at
Dominica on 18 April 1786 with 220 captives. She arrived back at Liverpool on 29 June. She had left Liverpool with 26 crew members and had suffered five crew deaths on her voyage.
266:
arrived at
Grenada on 5 June 1789 with 188 captives. She arrived back at Liverpool on 18 September. She had left with 23 crew members and had suffered three crew deaths on her voyage.
435:
arrived at Havana on 22 March 1795, under the command of
Captain Pica. She had embarked 216 captives and arrived with 208, for a 4% mortality rate. Philip Allwood, an agent for
122:
in enslaved people. A French privateer captured her in 1795, on her eighth voyage after she had embarked her captives. In a highly unusual move, the privateer sold
1027:
Ortega, José Guadalupe (2009). "Chapter 15: From
Obscurity to Notoriety: Cuban Slave Merchants, and the Atlantic World". In Falola, Toyin; Childs, Matt D. (eds.).
520:
and John Dawson was the largest firm in Great
Britain in the slave trade. Dawson went bankrupt in 1793, but afterwards returned to the trade in enslaved people.
229:
Captain Joshua Pugmor (or Pugmore), sailed from Liverpool on 29 June 1785. Pugmore died on 1 October 1785. Captain Joseph Clarke replaced Pugmore.
538:
Between 1793 and 1796, Charleston hosted numerous privateers built in the United States, equipped at Charleston, and sailing under French
402:
had suffered structural damage, had lost some of her provisions, and water, and had suffered a death among the captives she was carrying.
1036:
272:
Captain Alexander Finley sailed from Liverpool on 14 November 1790. He started acquiring captives at Cape Mount on 1 January 1791.
197:
Captain Robert Kendall sailed from Liverpool on 18 April 1783. He acquired captives in the Sierra Leone estuary. On 1 January 1784
364:
with goods and provisions for a slaving expedition in 1794. While sailing in the Caribbean, she encountered the French privateer
529:
Captain Payne was a leading captain of slave ships. Between 1792 and 1804 he made nine voyages in five ships, for three owners.
1060:
126:
and the captives she was carrying to the master of a Spanish vessel that the privateer had captured. The purchaser then took
507:
may have undergone lengthening in 1790 as her burthen now was reported as 130-131 tons. This gave her a cap of 217 captives.
459:
was in Havana as a French privateer had captured her but two Spanish frigates had recaptured her and taken her into Havana.
542:. This involved a certain amount of subterfuge on the part of American owners and crew to avoid the restrictions of the
405:
While Captain Gariscan was deciding what to do with his two prizes, Captain Pica made him an offer. Pica offered to buy
91:
547:
517:
262:
Captain Joseph Clark sailed from Liverpool on 14 September 1789. He acquired captives in the Sierra Leone estuary.
251:
Captain Richard Kendall sailed from Liverpool on 27 August 1786. He acquired captives in the Sierra Leone estuary.
455:, a vessel that John Dawson also owned. Galbraith sailed from Havana on 13 May and arrived at Liverpool in July.
409:
and her 207 captives for a note worth "$ 25000 pesos". As France and Spain were at war, Gariscan could not take
1065:
234:
543:
337:
218:
Captain Kendall sailed from Liverpool on 28 July 1784. He acquired captives in the Sierra Leone estuary.
907:
779:
709:
546:. For an example of a British merchant vessel that fell prey to such a Franco-American privateer, see
290:
Captain Thomas Payne sailed from Liverpool on 6 May 1792. He started acquiring captives on 13 June at
665:
479:
1055:
1022:. Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology Number 1. United States Government Printing Office.
995:
495:
Dolben's Act mandated a bonus of £100 to captains who achieved a mortality of under 2% on a voyage.
439:, requested that the Merchant Tribunal in Havana issue an injunction returning the 207 captives to
143:
450:
999:
1032:
539:
202:
903:
775:
705:
119:
588:. She arrived at Charleston on 24 November 1794 and was immediately sold. By 8 April 1795
20:
307:
241:, late Pugmore, master, was reported to have been there on 2 December with 207 captives.
201:
was reported on the coast of Africa, together with several other slave ships, including
1020:
Privateers in Charleston 1794–1796: An account of a French palatinate in South Carolina
882:
864:
825:
807:
792:
742:
722:
684:
1049:
305:
In May 1795, Captain Archibald Galbraith sailed from Liverpool. At end-April 1795
291:
115:
111:
565:
1029:
The Changing Worlds of Atlantic Africa: Essays in Honor of Robin Law
1007:
Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
383:
took her captive under tow and sailed back towards Charleston.
1000:"The Captains in the British slave trade from 1785 to 1807"
592:
had returned to Charleston and was sailing under the name
315:, Galbraith, master, had arrived at Grenada from Africa.
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
280:
The Liverpool merchant John Dawson became co-owner of
303:
8th voyage transporting enslaved people (1794–loss):
288:
7th voyage transporting enslaved people (1792–1793):
270:
6th voyage transporting enslaved people (1790–1792):
260:
5th voyage transporting enslaved people (1788–1789):
249:
4th voyage transporting enslaved people (1786–1788):
227:
3rd voyage transporting enslaved people (1785–1786):
216:
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1784–1785):
195:
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1783–1784):
633:gave rise to a case before the US Supreme Court.
425:), sailed to Charleston. From there Pica and
8:
878:
876:
821:
819:
398:, but eventually was forced to strike after
738:
736:
734:
680:
678:
676:
568:, by some records sailing from Barcelona.
646:ultimately gave rise to a case in Madrid.
352:to a Spaniard, who took her into Havana.
852:
840:
757:
368:, Jean Gariscan, master, in April 1795.
153:
19:For other ships with the same name, see
956:
944:
932:
920:
658:
468:
114:. She made seven complete voyages as a
110:was launched in 1782 at Liverpool as a
979:
883:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
865:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
826:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
808:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
793:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
743:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
723:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
685:Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database –
27:
39:
7:
478:had sailed after the passage of the
516:Between 1783 and 1792, the firm of
486:had carried more than 200 captives.
14:
580:had been launched in New York as
294:. He then went on to Cape Mount.
256:seven crew deaths on her voyage.
774:. No. 1762. 24 March 1786.
413:into Havana. The three vessels (
41:
902:. No. 2727. 23 June 1795.
360:Captain Ignacio Pica outfitted
16:British slave ships (1782–1795)
704:. No. 1567. 11 May 1784.
1:
371:Captain Pica, realizing that
449:Galbraith became captain of
332:, from Charleston, captured
1018:Jackson, Melvin H. (1969).
379:, immediately surrendered.
1082:
344:was on her way to Havana.
151:), in the issue for 1783.
18:
631:Nuestra Señora del Carmen
562:Nuestra Señora del Carmen
419:Nuestra Señora del Carmen
377:Nuestra Señora del Carmen
362:Nuestra Señora del Carmen
90:Originally: 110, or 119 (
79:
34:
30:
908:2027/hvd.32044105233118
780:2027/mdp.39015020212893
710:2027/hvd.32044105232995
375:was more powerful than
80:General characteristics
544:Neutrality Act of 1794
338:Cape San Antonio, Cuba
1061:Liverpool slave ships
609:Spanish records name
394:. Galbraith resisted
336:in mid-March 1795 at
328:The French privateer
233:acquired captives at
996:Behrendt, Stephen D.
935:, p. 85, fn.52.
669:(1783), Seq.no.B382.
480:Slave Trade Act 1788
284:with Thomas Clarke.
898:"The Marine List".
843:, pp. 104–105.
770:"The Marine List".
700:"The Marine List".
429:sailed to Havana.
141:first appeared in
959:, pp. 84–85.
584:, and had become
540:letters of marque
386:Five days later,
192:
191:
183:Liverpool–Africa
180:Kewley & Co.
103:
102:
1073:
1042:
1023:
1014:
1004:
983:
977:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
911:
895:
889:
880:
871:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
823:
814:
805:
799:
790:
784:
783:
767:
761:
755:
749:
740:
729:
720:
714:
713:
697:
691:
682:
671:
663:
647:
640:
634:
627:
621:
607:
601:
594:Brutus Francaise
575:
569:
559:
553:
536:
530:
527:
521:
514:
508:
502:
496:
493:
487:
473:
445:
154:
144:Lloyd's Register
120:triangular trade
97:1790: 130 or 131
49:
46:
45:
44:
28:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1026:
1017:
1002:
994:
991:
986:
978:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
897:
896:
892:
881:
874:
863:
859:
853:Behrendt (1990)
851:
847:
841:Behrendt (1990)
839:
835:
824:
817:
806:
802:
791:
787:
769:
768:
764:
758:Behrendt (1990)
756:
752:
741:
732:
721:
717:
699:
698:
694:
683:
674:
664:
660:
656:
651:
650:
642:The capture of
641:
637:
629:The capture of
628:
624:
608:
604:
576:
572:
560:
556:
537:
533:
528:
524:
515:
511:
503:
499:
494:
490:
474:
470:
465:
443:
358:
326:
321:
136:
67:1782, Liverpool
47:
42:
40:
24:
21:Brothers (ship)
17:
12:
11:
5:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1066:Captured ships
1063:
1058:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1024:
1015:
990:
987:
985:
984:
982:, p. 287.
961:
957:Jackson (1969)
949:
945:Jackson (1969)
937:
933:Jackson (1969)
925:
921:Jackson (1969)
913:
890:
887:voyage #80684.
872:
869:voyage #80683.
857:
855:, p. 105.
845:
833:
830:voyage #80682.
815:
812:voyage #80681.
800:
797:voyage #80680.
785:
762:
760:, p. 132.
750:
747:voyage #80679.
730:
727:voyage #80678.
715:
692:
689:voyage #80677.
672:
657:
655:
652:
649:
648:
635:
622:
602:
570:
554:
549:Grenada Packet
531:
522:
509:
497:
488:
467:
466:
464:
461:
357:
354:
325:
324:Initial report
322:
320:
317:
311:reported that
190:
189:
184:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
135:
132:
101:
100:
99:
98:
95:
86:
82:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1078:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1038:9781594605949
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
988:
981:
980:Ortega (2009)
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
962:
958:
953:
950:
947:, p. 69.
946:
941:
938:
934:
929:
926:
923:, p. 11.
922:
917:
914:
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
888:
886:
879:
877:
873:
870:
868:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
837:
834:
831:
829:
822:
820:
816:
813:
811:
804:
801:
798:
796:
789:
786:
781:
777:
773:
766:
763:
759:
754:
751:
748:
746:
739:
737:
735:
731:
728:
726:
719:
716:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
690:
688:
681:
679:
677:
673:
670:
668:
662:
659:
653:
645:
639:
636:
632:
626:
623:
619:
615:
612:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
550:
545:
541:
535:
532:
526:
523:
519:
513:
510:
506:
501:
498:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
453:
447:
442:
438:
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
318:
316:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
283:
278:
275:
271:
267:
265:
261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
150:
146:
145:
140:
133:
131:
130:into Havana.
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
96:
93:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:Great Britain
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1006:
952:
940:
928:
916:
900:Lloyd's List
899:
893:
884:
866:
860:
848:
836:
827:
809:
803:
794:
788:
772:Lloyd's List
771:
765:
753:
744:
724:
718:
702:Lloyd's List
701:
695:
686:
666:
661:
643:
638:
630:
625:
618:Two Brothers
617:
614:Dos hermanos
613:
610:
605:
597:
596:, or simply
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
561:
557:
548:
534:
525:
512:
504:
500:
491:
483:
475:
471:
456:
451:
448:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
404:
399:
395:
391:
390:encountered
387:
385:
380:
376:
372:
370:
365:
361:
359:
356:Fuller story
349:
345:
341:
333:
329:
327:
312:
308:Lloyd's List
306:
302:
301:
295:
287:
286:
281:
279:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
230:
226:
225:
219:
215:
214:
208:
203:
198:
194:
193:
186:
148:
142:
138:
137:
127:
123:
106:
105:
104:
85:Tons burthen
57:
25:
518:Peter Baker
292:Iles de Los
1056:1782 ships
1050:Categories
989:References
446:s owners.
235:Cape Mount
116:slave ship
75:April 1795
654:Citations
177:R.Kendal
112:Guineaman
998:(1990).
885:Brothers
867:Brothers
828:Brothers
810:Brothers
795:Brothers
745:Brothers
725:Brothers
687:Brothers
644:Brothers
611:Brothers
590:Pichgeru
586:Pichgeru
505:Brothers
484:Brothers
476:Brothers
437:Brothers
433:Brothers
427:Brothers
423:Brothers
411:Brothers
407:Brothers
400:Brothers
392:Brothers
350:Brothers
342:Brothers
334:Brothers
313:Brothers
296:Brothers
282:Brothers
274:Brothers
264:Brothers
253:Brothers
243:Brothers
239:Brothers
231:Brothers
220:Brothers
209:Brothers
199:Brothers
139:Brothers
128:Brothers
124:Brothers
107:Brothers
72:Captured
64:Launched
58:Brothers
582:Pulaski
566:polacre
441:Brother
169:Source
160:Master
118:in the
35:History
1035:
598:Brutus
578:Brutus
564:was a
457:Chaser
452:Chaser
421:, and
415:Brutus
396:Brutus
388:Brutus
381:Brutus
373:Brutus
366:Brutus
346:Brutus
330:Brutus
166:Trade
163:Owner
134:Career
1003:(PDF)
616:, or
463:Notes
444:'
348:sold
340:, as
204:Bloom
174:1783
157:Year
1033:ISBN
319:Fate
54:Name
1011:140
904:hdl
776:hdl
706:hdl
1052::
1031:.
1009:.
1005:.
964:^
875:^
818:^
733:^
675:^
667:LR
417:,
237:.
207:.
187:LR
149:LR
92:bm
1041:.
1013:.
910:.
906::
782:.
778::
712:.
708::
620:.
600:.
552:.
147:(
94:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.