902:
1028:
987:
1010:
33:
968:
106:
232:
855:, and cultivated areas and pastures with some remaining trees. In Colombia, it reaches an elevation of 2,600 m (8,500 ft) but is found mostly below 1,200 m (3,900 ft) elsewhere. It is also widely distributed in Venezuela, but shows preference for areas with open vegetation with higher probabilities of occurrence in the savannas of the Llanos bioregion and the arid scrublands of northwestern Venezuela.
64:
1043:
544:
have a yellow forehead, face, and chin. Their crown, nape, and upperparts are green. Their breast is dull olive and their belly grass green with an orange patch in its center. Their wings are mostly green with dullish blue edges and tips on the flight feathers; their tail feathers are also green with
947:
has assessed the brown-throated parakeet as being of Least
Concern. It has a very large range and its estimated population of at least five million mature individuals is believed to be stable. No immediate threats have been identified. It is the most numerous parrot in much of its range. Subspecies
876:
The brown-throated parakeet's diet includes seeds, fruits, nuts, flowers, leaves, and sometimes insects. A study in
Venezuela found that up to 70% of its food in the study area came from human-planted, rather than wild, sources. The species is a significant crop pest, especially on maize and other
934:
Brown-throated parakeet contact calls show character shifts between different locations, and by most measures the calls from islands are more variable. These changes in island parakeets' calls may be a response to both the windy environment with poor sound transmission, and the isolation of the
892:. Furthermore, it also nests in natural cavities in a tree, on a cliff face, or in an earthen bank. Often several pairs will nest in a single rotten tree. The clutch size is two to seven eggs. In captivity, the incubation period is 23 days. In the wild, the time to fledge is 36 to 37 days.
930:
The brown-throated parakeet is very vocal. Its flight calls "include high-pitched screeching and harsh grating 'scraart scraart' cries, rapidly repeated." It also makes "shorter, bisyllabic 'tchrit tchrit' and 'cherr cheedit'" calls, and from a perch "similar calls and chattering notes."
885:
The brown-throated parakeet's nesting season varies throughout its range. It may nest at almost any time of year in
Suriname and the Antilles, and from February to April in Colombia and Venezuela. It usually excavates a cavity in a nest of an arboreal termite, often one from the genus
877:
field crops in
Colombia and Venezuela, and in fruit plantations in the Leeward Antilles. It has been observed feeding on cactus. The species typically forages in pairs or small flocks. Flocks will call in flight, and if an actively foraging flock responds, the others may join it.
1320:
955:
Nest poaching is a concern in island populations, and in
Venezuela both young and adult individuals are locally traded as cage birds for the pet market. However, compared to other species of psittacids, it is not very frequent in global wildlife trade.
1555:
Eberhard, Jessica R; Zager, Irene; Ferrer-Paris, JosĂ© R; RodrĂguez-Clark, Kathryn (1 January 2022). "Contact calls of island Brown-throated
Parakeets exhibit both character and variance shifts compared to calls of their mainland relatives".
1341:
Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. 30 January 2023. Species Lists of Birds for South
American Countries and Territories.
1177:
Sandoval, L., Sánchez, C., Biamonte, E., Zook, J.R., Sánchez, J.E., MartĂnez, D., Loth, D. and O’Donahoe, J. (2010). Recent records of new and rare bird species in Costa Rica. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 130(4):
1606:
Sánchez-Mercado, Ada; AsmĂĽssen, Marianne; RodrĂguez, Jon Paul; Moran, Lisandro; Cardozo-Urdaneta, Arlene; Morales, Lorena Isabel (January 2020). "Illegal trade of the
Psittacidae in Venezuela".
834:
1516:
Buhrman-Deever, Susannah C.; Hobson, Elizabeth A.; Hobson, Aaron D. (2008). "Individual recognition and selective response to contact calls in foraging brown-throated conures,
1406:
Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada (September 2020). "Making inferences about non-detection observations to improve occurrence predictions in
Venezuelan Psittacidae".
1027:
986:
967:
1289:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1009:
504:
1826:
537:
The brown-throated parakeet is 23 to 28 cm (9.1 to 11 in) long and weighs 76 to 102 g (2.7 to 3.6 oz). The sexes are alike. Adults of the
1947:
299:, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, the northern mainland of South America, and islands off the South American coast.
1982:
1906:
1787:
1987:
1042:
847:
The brown-throated parakeet inhabits a wide variety of landscapes including savannas, arid scrublands, mangroves, tropical deciduous forests,
1390:
1365:
1251:
1243:
1239:
2002:
1977:
1194:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
802:
1992:
786:
1957:
316:
221:
868:
Some populations on the mainland make seasonal movements and others are somewhat nomadic to follow the availability of food.
952:, however, appears to be in decline, and the populations in mainland Venezuela are persecuted because they feed on crops.
837:
are known or suspected to be of escaped or released cage birds rather than deliberate introductions or natural arrivals.
1019:
412:
1972:
1751:
1452:
680:
105:
1967:
1831:
32:
1962:
1839:
1208:
448:
345:
1924:
1716:
1583:
Zager, Irene; RodrĂguez-Clark, Kathryn; Eberhard, Jessica; RodrĂguez, Jon; Millán, Pablo (19 December 2023).
1844:
1738:
1678:
822:
1756:
494:
478:
332:
200:
1585:"Nest Poaching in the Venezuelan Insular Subspecies of the Brown-throated Parakeet (aratinga Pertinax)"
1584:
1094:
508:
1486:
1730:
1952:
538:
308:
53:
1633:
Sánchez-Mercado, Ada; Ferrer-Paris, JosĂ© R.; RodrĂguez, Jon Paul; L. Tella, JosĂ© (29 April 2021).
1997:
1537:
1433:
798:
772:
239:
100:
758:
648:
1818:
1386:
1361:
1247:
723:
1656:
1646:
1615:
1565:
1529:
1460:
1423:
1415:
1089:
852:
818:
733:
694:
363:
1743:
1197:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 98.
1852:
1343:
458:
321:
1071:
821:
from them by about 1982. More recent sightings in Puerto Rico and those in Florida, the
231:
1000:
848:
806:
474:
422:
388:
1453:"Monitoring Psittacidae in Venezuela: Distribution data and occupancy models for 2010"
1941:
1870:
1813:
1437:
1188:
1080:
915:
667:
432:
402:
392:
349:
312:
217:
73:
68:
1541:
1464:
1309:(7th ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. p. 236.
1212:
901:
888:
1766:
1569:
1533:
1192:
1149:
1897:
1701:
1428:
609:, whitish forehead, rich brown face with orange below the eye, and greener breast
1800:
1710:
814:
749:
518:
296:
167:
567:, buff forehead, orange-yellow crown and nape, and olive-gray cheeks and breast
1865:
1619:
1419:
782:
703:
377:
340:
288:
177:
338:. The brown-throated parakeet is now one of five species placed in the genus
356:
327:
117:
1116:
529:
has sometimes been treated as a separate species, the "Veraguas parakeet".
1891:
1857:
1695:
1290:
841:
830:
826:
137:
1661:
1919:
1911:
1792:
1725:
977:
810:
790:
762:
713:
671:
1805:
1651:
1634:
545:
dullish blue edges and tips. Immature birds have very little yellow.
292:
157:
127:
1779:
1672:
591:, buff forehead and orange-yellow crown, nape, and sides of the head
1217:
Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences
1774:
1635:"A Literature Synthesis of Actions to Tackle Illegal Parrot Trade"
1213:"Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre"
996:
690:
657:
370:
90:
84:
45:
1285:
Collar, N. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Brown-throated Parakeet (
573:, buff forehead and orange-yellow crown, nape, and around the eye
944:
147:
1676:
640:
The subspecies of the brown-throated parakeet are found thus:
603:, whitish forehead, olive-brown face, and yellowish upperparts
1381:
McMullan, Miles; Donegan, Thomas M.; Quevedo, Alonso (2010).
1148:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023).
797:
The nominate subspecies of the brown-throated parakeet was
621:, darker than all others and all a green forehead and crown
805:
and was established by the 1860s. From there it spread to
761:
state in southeastern Venezuela, southwestern Guiana, and
647:, southwestern Costa Rica, and Panama from Costa Rica to
1344:
https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm
325:. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus
344:
that was introduced in 1853 by the French naturalist
1451:
Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada (2020).
548:
The other subspecies differ from the nominate thus:
1881:
1685:
380:are recognized; some of them are island endemics:
1360:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 124.
1095:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22685745A163773830.en
895:
561:: buff forehead and orange-yellow crown and nape
916:Listen to brown-throated parakeet on xeno-canto
8:
1236:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1673:
1497:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1173:
1171:
230:
62:
31:
22:
1660:
1650:
1427:
1301:
1299:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1093:
840:The species is a non-breeding visitor to
291:, is a species of bird in the subfamily
1059:
963:
597:, whitish forehead and olive-brown face
1291:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.brtpar1.01
1065:
1063:
775:'s middle basin in northwestern Brazil
615:, whitish forehead and rich brown face
579:, yellow face with some brown mixed in
1321:"Brown-throated Parakeet Species Map"
1238:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
935:populations living on small islands.
373:meaning "tenacious" or "persistent".
7:
1925:3BA3CB5F-0F94-4FA6-9B55-F407FEC08960
1383:Field Guide to the Birds of Colombia
1358:A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil
1036:; a juvenile kept as a pet in Panama
1948:IUCN Red List least concern species
1081:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
670:of northeastern Colombia; possibly
1307:Check-list of North American Birds
311:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
14:
1983:Birds of the Netherlands Antilles
803:Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
748:, northeastern Venezuela through
487:(Zimmer, J.T. & Phelps, 1951)
1041:
1026:
1008:
985:
966:
900:
742:, northern and central Venezuela
307:The brown-throated parakeet was
104:
1465:10.6084/m9.figshare.12869957.v1
1408:Bird Conservation International
1385:. Bogotá: ProAves. p. 61.
1070:BirdLife International (2021).
683:state in southwestern Venezuela
1988:Birds of the Amazon rainforest
585:, orange-yellow crown and nape
348:. The genus name combines the
1:
1534:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.08.007
362:meaning "little parrot". The
1323:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1020:Caribbean Region of Colombia
2003:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1570:10.1093/ornithology/ukab076
765:in adjacent northern Brazil
631:with an orange-yellow belly
2019:
1978:Birds of the Guiana Shield
1346:retrieved January 30, 2023
1234:Jobling, James A. (2010).
1620:10.1017/S003060531700120X
1420:10.1017/S0959270919000522
1209:Bonaparte, Charles Lucien
1088:: e.T22685745A163773830.
1072:"Brown-throated Parakeet
660:in northwestern Venezuela
245:
238:
229:
206:
199:
101:Scientific classification
99:
82:
60:
51:
39:
30:
25:
1491:brown-throated parakeet"
1293:retrieved March 16, 2023
656:, northern Colombia and
636:Distribution and habitat
355:meaning "good" with the
346:Charles Lucien Bonaparte
303:Taxonomy and systematics
26:Brown-throated parakeet
1993:Birds described in 1758
1589:OrnitologĂa Neotropical
1356:van Perlo, Ber (2009).
679:, eastern Colombia and
271:brown-throated parakeet
1958:Birds of the Caribbean
980:, Netherlands Antilles
823:British Virgin Islands
793:, north-central Brazil
736:off northern Venezuela
726:off northern Venezuela
627:, darker than all but
1429:1959.4/unsworks_67010
285:brown-throated conure
279:), also known as the
1495:Animal Diversity Web
1150:"Parrots, cockatoos"
1117:"Appendices | CITES"
1871:Eupsittula-pertinax
1717:Eupsittula pertinax
1687:Eupsittula pertinax
1485:Markowitz, Rachel.
1287:Eupsittula pertinax
1154:IOC World Bird List
1074:Eupsittula pertinax
730:E. p. margaritensis
595:E. p. margaritensis
539:nominate subspecies
465:E. p. margaritensis
413:Meyer de Schauensee
276:Eupsittula pertinax
260:Linnaeus, 1758
252:Linnaeus, 1758
210:Eupsittula pertinax
54:Conservation status
1973:Birds of Venezuela
1883:Psittacus pertinax
716:, Leeward Antilles
706:, Leeward Antilles
555:: olive-brown face
336:Psittacus pertinax
309:formally described
249:Psittacus pertinax
1968:Birds of Colombia
1935:
1934:
1679:Taxon identifiers
1652:10.3390/d13050191
1518:Aratinga pertinax
1489:Aratinga pertinax
1392:978-0-9827615-0-2
1367:978-0-19-530155-7
1253:978-1-4081-2501-4
976:on the island of
974:E. p. xanthogenia
950:E. p. tortugensis
922:
921:
853:evergreen forests
769:E. p. chrysogenys
755:E. p. chrysophrys
724:La Tortuga Island
720:E. p. tortugensis
710:E. p. xanthogenia
664:E. p. griseipecta
619:E. p. chrysogenys
613:E. p. chrysophrys
589:E. p. tortugensis
583:E. p. xanthogenia
565:E. p. griseipecta
501:E. p. chrysogenys
491:E. p. chrysophrys
455:E. p. tortugensis
445:E. p. xanthogenia
409:E. p. griseipecta
281:St. Thomas conure
267:
266:
257:Aratinga pertinax
94:
77:
2010:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1821:
1809:
1808:
1796:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1747:
1746:
1734:
1733:
1731:C96642592C6262A2
1721:
1720:
1719:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1674:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1528:(5): 1715–1725.
1522:Animal Behaviour
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1403:
1397:
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1371:
1353:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1332:
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1328:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1294:
1283:
1258:
1257:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1145:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1067:
1045:
1030:
1016:E. p. aeruginosa
1012:
993:E. p. venezuelae
989:
970:
904:
896:
789:river basins in
740:E. p. venezuelae
734:Margarita Island
695:Leeward Antilles
654:E. p. aeruginosa
601:E. p. venezuelae
559:E. p. aeruginosa
471:E. p. venezuelae
441:(Linnaeus, 1758)
399:E. p. aeruginosa
364:specific epithet
261:
253:
234:
212:
192:E. pertinax
109:
108:
88:
71:
66:
65:
35:
23:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1963:Birds of Panama
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1877:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1853:Observation.org
1851:
1843:
1838:
1830:
1825:
1817:
1812:
1804:
1799:
1791:
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1778:
1773:
1765:
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1742:
1737:
1729:
1724:
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1714:
1709:
1700:
1699:
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1681:
1671:
1670:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1284:
1261:
1254:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1037:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
990:
981:
971:
962:
941:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
910:Songs and calls
883:
874:
866:
861:
849:gallery forests
779:E. p. paraensis
687:E. p. arubensis
649:Panamá Province
638:
625:E. p. paraensis
577:E. p. arubensis
535:
515:E. p. paraensis
429:E. p. arubensis
331:and coined the
322:Systema Naturae
305:
259:
251:
225:
214:
208:
195:
103:
95:
78:
67:
63:
56:
42:E. p. arubensis
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2016:
2014:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1916:
1903:
1887:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1707:
1691:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1625:
1598:
1575:
1547:
1508:
1477:
1443:
1414:(3): 406–422.
1398:
1391:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1334:
1312:
1295:
1259:
1252:
1226:
1200:
1189:Linnaeus, Carl
1180:
1167:
1133:
1108:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1034:E. p. ocularis
1032:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1007:
1005:
991:
984:
982:
972:
965:
961:
958:
940:
937:
927:
924:
920:
919:
914:
908:
906:
894:
882:
879:
873:
870:
865:
862:
860:
857:
807:Culebra Island
795:
794:
776:
766:
752:
746:E. p. surinama
743:
737:
727:
717:
707:
700:E. p. pertinax
697:
684:
677:E. p. lehmanni
674:
661:
651:
645:E. p. ocularis
637:
634:
633:
632:
622:
616:
610:
607:E. p. surinama
604:
598:
592:
586:
580:
574:
571:E. p. lehmanni
568:
562:
556:
553:E. p. ocularis
542:E. p. pertinax
534:
531:
527:E. p. ocularis
523:
522:
512:
498:
488:
485:E. p. surinama
482:
468:
462:
452:
442:
439:E. p. pertinax
436:
426:
419:E. p. lehmanni
416:
406:
396:
385:E. p. ocularis
304:
301:
295:of the family
265:
264:
263:
262:
254:
243:
242:
236:
235:
227:
226:
215:
204:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
158:Psittaciformes
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
97:
96:
83:
80:
79:
61:
58:
57:
52:
49:
48:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2015:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
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828:
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817:but had been
816:
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389:Sclater, P.L.
386:
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350:Ancient Greek
347:
343:
342:
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334:
333:binomial name
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
317:tenth edition
314:
313:Carl Linnaeus
310:
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201:Binomial name
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69:Least Concern
59:
55:
50:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
19:
1882:
1686:
1662:10261/241538
1642:
1638:
1628:
1614:(1): 77–83.
1611:
1607:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1494:
1488:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1456:
1446:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1382:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1315:
1306:
1286:
1235:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1193:
1183:
1158:. Retrieved
1153:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1085:
1079:
1073:
1048:A pet parrot
1033:
1015:
992:
973:
954:
949:
942:
933:
929:
926:Vocalization
909:
899:
889:Nasutitermes
887:
884:
875:
867:
846:
839:
796:
778:
768:
754:
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719:
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541:
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524:
514:
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490:
484:
475:Zimmer, J.T.
470:
464:
454:
444:
438:
428:
418:
408:
398:
384:
375:
366:
359:
357:Modern Latin
352:
339:
335:
326:
320:
306:
284:
280:
275:
274:
270:
268:
256:
248:
209:
207:
191:
190:
178:
41:
20:
18:
1840:Neotropical
1801:iNaturalist
1711:Wikispecies
1558:Ornithology
1223:: 806–810 .
1160:18 February
1003:, Venezuela
995:; a pet in
815:Puerto Rico
750:the Guianas
668:SinĂş Valley
629:chrysogenys
533:Description
525:Subspecies
433:Hartert, E.
297:Psittacidae
168:Psittacidae
87:Appendix II
40:Subspecies
1953:Eupsittula
1942:Categories
1866:Xeno-canto
1645:(5): 191.
1054:References
835:San Andrés
819:extirpated
799:introduced
467:Cory, 1918
378:subspecies
341:Eupsittula
289:aviculture
179:Eupsittula
1998:Parakeets
1898:Q27956742
1702:Q27074965
1639:Diversity
1501:March 16,
1438:213996993
1327:March 16,
1121:cites.org
773:Rio Negro
449:Bonaparte
376:These 14
328:Psittacus
186:Species:
124:Kingdom:
118:Eukaryota
1892:Wikidata
1819:22685745
1744:22685745
1739:BirdLife
1696:Wikidata
1542:53165482
1457:figshare
1211:(1853).
1191:(1758).
1156:. v 13.1
1101:16 March
881:Breeding
864:Movement
859:Behavior
842:Trinidad
831:Dominica
827:Anguilla
681:Amazonas
495:Swainson
403:Linnaeus
367:pertinax
360:psittula
240:Synonyms
218:Linnaeus
164:Family:
138:Chordata
134:Phylum:
128:Animalia
114:Domain:
74:IUCN 3.1
1920:ZooBank
1912:9228387
1845:brtpar1
1793:7926461
1780:brtpar1
1767:brtpar1
1726:Avibase
1470:5 March
1178:237–245
1126:4 March
1018:in the
978:Bonaire
960:Gallery
872:Feeding
811:Tortola
783:TapajĂłs
763:Roraima
759:BolĂvar
714:Bonaire
704:Curaçao
672:extinct
521:, 1959)
511:, 1854)
509:Souancé
505:Massena
497:, 1838)
481:, 1951)
461:, 1909)
451:, 1850)
435:, 1892)
425:, 1943)
415:, 1950)
405:, 1758)
395:, 1865)
319:of his
315:in the
174:Genus:
154:Order:
144:Class:
89: (
72: (
1832:492513
1806:367560
1757:745548
1540:
1436:
1389:
1364:
1250:
1001:Aragua
939:Status
833:, and
813:, and
787:Cururu
781:, the
771:, the
507:&
479:Phelps
477:&
423:Dugand
393:Salvin
391:&
293:Arinae
1858:71560
1775:eBird
1764:BOW:
1564:(1).
1538:S2CID
1434:S2CID
997:Cagua
691:Aruba
658:Zulia
371:Latin
91:CITES
85:CITES
46:Aruba
1907:GBIF
1827:NCBI
1814:IUCN
1788:GBIF
1752:BOLD
1608:Oryx
1595:(1).
1503:2023
1472:2024
1387:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1329:2023
1248:ISBN
1162:2023
1128:2023
1103:2023
1086:2021
945:IUCN
943:The
791:Pará
785:and
519:Sick
459:Cory
269:The
222:1758
148:Aves
1657:hdl
1647:doi
1616:doi
1566:doi
1562:139
1530:doi
1520:".
1461:doi
1424:hdl
1416:doi
1244:299
1240:153
1090:doi
801:in
369:is
287:in
283:or
44:in
1944::
1922::
1909::
1894::
1868::
1855::
1842::
1829::
1816::
1803::
1790::
1777::
1754::
1741::
1728::
1713::
1698::
1655:.
1643:13
1641:.
1637:.
1612:54
1610:.
1593:20
1591:.
1587:.
1560:.
1536:.
1526:76
1524:.
1493:.
1459:.
1455:.
1432:.
1422:.
1412:30
1410:.
1298:^
1262:^
1246:.
1242:,
1221:37
1215:.
1170:^
1152:.
1136:^
1119:.
1084:.
1078:.
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999:,
851:,
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1426::
1418::
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1092::
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517:(
503:(
493:(
473:(
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421:(
411:(
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273:(
224:)
216:(
93:)
76:)
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