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Unlike some mutual self-help organization in the
African-American community, the Brown Society was not linked to any church, even banning discussion of religion. Many of the members of the Brown Fellowship Society had their own businesses and some were prosperous. In 1843, another group was formed by
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in 1790 with the motto “Charity and
Benevolence”. It was founded by five free non-whites who attended St. Philip’s Episcopal Church: James Mitchell, George Bampfield, William Cattel, George Bedon, and Samuel Saltus. It was founded “to provide benefits which the white church denied them like a proper
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membership fee, and went through three different votes before being admitted. The organization forbid talks about political or religious matters. The organization also cared for widows of members, provided a primary school, supported its members' businesses, and lobbied towards the white society.
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In 1843, the free black man Thomas Smalls applied for a membership in the Brown
Fellowship Society and was turned down because he was too black. He set up his own society, The Society for Free Blacks of Dark Complexion (later renamed the Brotherly Society). He opened a graveyard for pure African
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For many years afterwards, the
Catholic Diocese kept affirming that the cemetery had been cleared of corpses, but in 2001, four gravesites were discovered when the construction of the College of Charleston's Addlestone Library was launched. The whole cemetery was paved over. The records of the
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The Brown
Fellowship Society did not intervene in the status of slaves at the time. The organization was focused on creating a cemetery for "brown" black people. The Society was able to buy a ground for the cemetery and a meeting house. The Society had merely 50 members. Each had to pay a $ 50
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burial ground, widow and orphan care, and assistance in times of sickness”. The group’s cemetery was an important part of its function. Those who joined the club considered themselves “brown”,
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In 1943, the city of
Charleston passed an ordinance prohibiting private organizations from maintaining graveyards. The Century Fellowship Society sold the original BFS cemetery in 1945 to
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Fitchett, E. Horace. "The Status of the Free Negro in
Charleston, South Carolina, and His Descendants in Modern Society: Statement of the Problem."
75:"After the Civil War, the Brown Fellowship Society expanded to include more African Americans, including women and those of darker skin".
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African
American men in Charleston, the Humane Brotherhood, modeled after the Brown Fellowship Society, but less class conscious.
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descent, the MacPhelah cemetery, adjacent to the Brown
Fellowship Graveyard, and another one, Ephrath (still intact today).
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Greenbaum, Susan D. "A comparison of
African American and Euro-American mutual aid societies in 19th century America."
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Harris, Robert L. "Charleston's Free Afro-American Elite: The Brown Fellowship Society and the Humane Brotherhood."
218:"Addlestone Library & Rivers Green - Former site of African American cemeteries and Bishop England High School"
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Poole, Jason. "On Borrowed Ground: Free African-American Life in Charleston, South Carolina 1810-1861."
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Thomas, Richard W. "The Historical Roots of Contemporary Urban Black Self-Help in the United States."
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35:, was an African-American self-help organization in South Carolina. It eventually became the
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Gatewood, Willard B. "Aristocrats of Color: South and North The Black Elite, 1880-1920."
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Fitchett, E. Horace. "The Traditions of the Free Negro in Charleston, South Carolina."
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Browning, James B. "The beginnings of insurance enterprise among Negroes."
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African American fraternities and sororities: The legacy and the vision
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Brown Fellowship Society Graveyard, Charleston, South Carolina (2015).
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Brown, Tamara L., Gregory S. Parks, and Clarenda M. Phillips, eds.
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Harris, Robert L. "Early black benevolent societies, 1780-1830."
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In 1892, The Society was renamed the Century Fellowship Society.
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Contemporary urban America: problems, issues, and alternatives
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Avery Research Center for African American History and Culture
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African-American history in Charleston, South Carolina
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Inventory of the Brown Fellowship Society, 1794 - 1990
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Discovering Our Past: College of Charleston Histories
309:Black Charlestonians: A Social History, 1822-1885
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349:Service organizations based in the United States
16:African-American self-help society (1790–1945)
311:. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press.
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47:The Brown Fellowship Society was founded in
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288:The South Carolina Historical Magazine
155:"Brown Fellowship Society (1790-1945)"
124:"Brown Fellowship Society (1790-1945)"
248:. University Press of Kentucky, 2012.
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153:Sarah Bartlett (14 September 2010).
122:Michael Barga (4 September 2012).
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274:The Journal of Southern History
191:"The Brown Fellowship Society"
128:Social Welfare History Project
31:(1790-1945), which became the
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281:The Journal of Ethnic Studies
267:The Journal of Negro History
260:The Journal of Negro History
253:The Journal of Negro History
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83:Bishop England High School
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295:The Massachusetts Review
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159:Black Past
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