66:
208:
41:
283:, typically deeper than 300 m (980 ft). This species can be distinguished from other lanternsharks by its coloration, which is a uniform dark gray or brown without the ventral surface being much darker and clearly delineated from the rest of the body. The brown lanternshark feeds on small
466:
The dermal denticles of this shark are tiny and densely placed with no regular pattern; each denticle has a four-cornered base and rises to a narrow, slightly curved point. The denticles of females are firmly attached, while those of males are easily removed. The coloration is a plain dark gray or
446:
The brown lanternshark has a robust, almost cylindrical body with a wide, flattened head. Around 28 tooth rows are in the upper jaw and 34 tooth rows are in the lower jaw. The upper teeth have a pointed central cusp flanked by fewer than three pairs of lateral cusplets, while the bottom teeth are
467:
brown, slightly darker below and lighter on the dorsal fin margins. Unlike other lanternsharks, there is a not a sharp contrast between the dorsal and ventral colors. There is a horizontal black line on the base of the tail, and another fainter black mark over the
437:
at a depth of 402–1,380 m (1,319–4,528 ft), though is most common below 900 m (3,000 ft). It is generally found deeper than other lanternsharks that share its range, and may have midwater habits.
531:
by Yano and Tanaka (1989) found a 23% prevalence of hermaphroditism within the population. Of the 16 hermaphrodites examined, 15 were functional females (and some were pregnant) that also possessed well-developed
2825:
2667:
565:
2866:
2706:
2876:
2812:
2641:
573:
569:
2680:
946:
2732:
669:
2886:
904:
605:
789:
343:"sp. B" (known as the "bristled lanternshark") is now tentatively believed to be the same as this species. It is grouped with the
2838:
2758:
2881:
527:
at a length of 46 cm (18 in), and females at a length of 50 cm (20 in). A study of brown lanternsharks in
1315:
2685:
2411:
1324:
890:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018).
891:
425:
sp. B are also considered, then the known range of this species is extended to off South Africa (and possibly southern
2602:
2589:
2463:
455:
is low with a minute leading spine; the second dorsal fin is twice as high as the first with a much larger spine. The
65:
2711:
1761:
939:
727:. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 June 2015.
344:
548:. The reason why so many sharks in Suruga Bay are hermaphroditic is unclear, but has been speculated to relate to
2252:
2118:
2034:
1725:
560:
Although it may be caught as bycatch and discarded, the brown lanternshark is harmless and of no significance to
2490:
2472:
2393:
1977:
1734:
1671:
1626:
1565:
1524:
515:
Like other lanternsharks, the brown lanternshark is ovoviviparous, meaning the young hatch inside the mother's
368:
2580:
2314:
2305:
2193:
2010:
1662:
1608:
471:. The maximum reported length is 64 cm (25 in) for males and 75 cm (30 in) for females.
2517:
2542:
2508:
2402:
1779:
1743:
1653:
1644:
1601:
1583:
1542:
1155:
1104:
376:
360:
352:
2607:
2160:
1797:
1770:
1635:
1574:
1086:
1068:
932:
488:
180:
197:
2843:
2763:
2332:
2298:
2169:
1900:
1689:
1533:
1372:
1234:
1225:
572:
classified the brown lanternshark as "Not
Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the
2871:
2445:
2375:
2085:
1918:
1752:
1716:
1558:
1122:
1113:
1095:
1077:
430:
30:
523:. The litter size is 9–18. Newborns measure 17 cm (6.7 in) in length. Males reach
2454:
2127:
1968:
1927:
1909:
1806:
1707:
1698:
1680:
1617:
1551:
1381:
1306:
1041:
872:
762:
706:
537:
401:
384:
220:
60:
299:, with females giving birth to 9–18 young. An unusually high proportion of individuals in
2830:
2698:
2672:
2799:
2745:
2615:
2436:
2243:
2067:
1986:
1830:
1821:
1592:
1478:
1418:
1409:
1173:
1164:
1059:
910:
900:
665:
601:
207:
2750:
2429:
2420:
2357:
2348:
2323:
2261:
2094:
1496:
1469:
1460:
1146:
864:
826:
754:
698:
2594:
2719:
2481:
2339:
2151:
1891:
1442:
1210:
1201:
598:
Sharks of the World: An
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date
524:
456:
392:
815:"Depth Distribution and Food Habits of Three Species of Small Squaloid Sharks off Choshi"
2499:
2384:
2202:
2076:
2058:
2001:
1487:
1433:
1032:
1009:
993:
987:
117:
107:
45:
2860:
2693:
2366:
2289:
2043:
1959:
1854:
1845:
1451:
1282:
1273:
893:
Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
876:
785:
741:, from the waters around New Zealand, and comparison with the southern lanternshark,
324:
304:
296:
50:
766:
2804:
2620:
2234:
2025:
1399:
1258:
1249:
1050:
1023:
956:
724:
413:
Confirmed specimens of the brown lanternshark have been captured from off southern
276:
264:
260:
147:
137:
851:
Yano, K. & Tanaka, S. (September 1989). "Hermaphroditism in the lantern shark
2790:
2654:
2574:
1945:
1348:
1339:
480:
399:
is a questionably valid species as it may be based on the brown lanternshark or
272:
2565:
924:
1872:
1511:
1363:
1191:
981:
914:
564:. Its conservation status has not been evaluated beyond Data Deficient by the
528:
468:
460:
452:
328:
300:
292:
288:
157:
685:
Springer, S. & Burgess, G.H. (August 5, 1985). "Two New Dwarf
Dogsharks (
2220:
2142:
2109:
561:
549:
448:
284:
280:
77:
447:
large and tipped with a strongly angled triangular cusp. The five pairs of
335:. In 1965, Tokiharu Abe redescribed this species and moved it to the genus
2724:
831:
814:
479:
The most important prey of the brown lanternshark are bony fishes (mainly
2784:
2628:
2559:
1882:
1297:
975:
798:
533:
520:
501:
434:
97:
2817:
2646:
2276:
868:
758:
710:
505:
426:
2659:
2633:
2184:
1137:
969:
545:
516:
414:
87:
2536:
702:
899:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 10.
315:
The brown lanternshark was first described by Robert
Engelhardt as
999:
541:
493:
484:
332:
268:
127:
2737:
2540:
928:
737:
Yano, K. (1996). "First record of the brown lanternshark,
689:, Squalidae), Found off the Caribbean Coast of Colombia".
429:) and southern Australia. The brown lanternshark inhabits
600:. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization. p. 86.
660:
Compagno, L.J.V.; Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005).
2774:
2549:
2274:
2232:
2219:
2182:
2140:
2107:
2056:
2023:
1999:
1957:
1944:
1880:
1871:
1843:
1819:
1509:
1431:
1407:
1398:
1361:
1337:
1295:
1271:
1247:
1223:
1199:
1190:
1135:
1021:
1008:
846:
844:
842:
664:. Princeton University Press. pp. 108–109.
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
463:with the upper lobe much larger than the lower.
391:) in having irregularly arranged, needle-shaped
813:Baba, O.; Taniuchi, T. & Nose, Y. (1987).
566:International Union for Conservation of Nature
940:
307:, with both male and female characteristics.
8:
2537:
2229:
1954:
1877:
1404:
1196:
1018:
947:
933:
925:
780:
778:
776:
591:
589:
206:
39:
20:
830:
723:McCormack, C. & Valenti, S.V. 2009.
574:New Zealand Threat Classification System
540:), while one was a functional male with
259:) is a little-known species of deep-sea
628:Abe, T. (February 15, 1965). "Notes on
585:
483:), followed by cephalopods (mainly the
623:
621:
619:
617:
7:
2867:IUCN Red List data deficient species
417:, Japan, and around New Zealand. If
492:), and finally crustaceans (mainly
319:in 1912, in the scientific journal
14:
1316:South China cookiecutter shark (
451:are relatively large. The first
215:Range of the brown lanternshark
64:
2877:Taxa named by Robert Engelhardt
2412:Indonesian shortsnout spurdog (
1325:Largetooth cookiecutter shark (
634:Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
568:. In June 2018 the New Zealand
855:(Squalidae, chondrichthyes)".
504:of this shark is a species of
1:
2464:Indonesian greeneye spurdog (
327:was a 55-cm-long female from
1762:Velvet belly lantern shark (
459:is short, leading to a long
2253:Southern mandarin dogfish (
2119:Smallmouth velvet dogfish (
2035:Largespine velvet dogfish (
1726:Dense-scale lantern shark (
2903:
2887:Marine fish of New Zealand
2491:Western longnose spurdog (
2473:Western longnose spurdog (
2394:Eastern longnose spurdog (
1978:Shortnose velvet dogfish (
1735:West Indian lanternshark (
1672:Slendertail lanternshark (
1627:Broadbanded lanternshark (
1566:Cylindrical lanternshark (
1525:New Zealand lanternshark (
570:Department of Conservation
345:velvet belly lantern shark
239:Myagkov & Pavlov, 1986
2315:Western highfin spurdog (
2306:Eastern highfin spurdog (
2194:Japanese velvet dogfish (
2011:Longnose velvet dogfish (
1663:Blackbelly lanternshark (
1609:Blackmouth lanternshark (
964:
596:Compagno, L.J.V. (1984).
226:
219:
214:
205:
186:
179:
61:Scientific classification
59:
37:
28:
23:
2509:Kermadec spiny dogfish (
2403:Northern spiny dogfish (
1780:Tasmanian lanternshark (
1744:Fringefin lanternshark (
1654:Smalleye lantern shark (
1645:Caribbean lanternshark (
1584:Combtooth lanternshark (
1543:Shorttail lanternshark (
1156:Rough longnose dogfish (
1105:Leafscale gulper shark (
788:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
409:Distribution and habitat
369:broadbanded lanternshark
2518:Spotted spiny dogfish (
2161:Pacific sleeper shark (
1798:Hawaiian lanternshark (
1771:Splendid lanternshark (
1636:Southern lanternshark (
1575:Tailspot lanternshark (
1087:Smallfin gulper shark (
1069:Blackfin gulper shark (
857:Ichthyological Research
819:Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi
747:Ichthyological Research
519:and are sustained by a
236:Etmopterus tasmaniensis
2882:Fish described in 1912
2170:Little sleeper shark (
1901:Caribbean roughshark (
1690:African lanternshark (
1534:Blurred lanternshark (
1373:Smalleye pygmy shark (
1235:Longnose pygmy shark (
377:combtooth lanternshark
361:fringefin lanternshark
353:Caribbean lanternshark
2446:Blacktailed spurdog (
2086:Sparsetooth dogfish (
1919:Japanese roughshark (
1753:Thorny lanternshark (
1717:Smooth lanternshark (
1123:Little gulper shark (
1114:Mosaic gulper shark (
1096:Taiwan gulper shark (
1078:Lowfin gulper shark (
832:10.2331/suisan.53.417
489:Watasenia scintillans
321:Zoologischer Anzeiger
253:bristled lanternshark
2455:Shortspine spurdog (
2128:Knifetooth dogfish (
1969:Portuguese dogfish (
1928:Sailfin roughshark (
1910:Angular roughshark (
1807:Green lanternshark (
1789:Brown lanternshark (
1708:False lanternshark (
1699:Great lanternshark (
1681:Dwarf lanternshark (
1618:Pygmy lanternshark (
1382:Spined pygmy shark (
1307:Cookiecutter shark (
1042:Dwarf gulper shark (
802:. July 2009 version.
397:Etmopterus compagnoi
275:, and possibly also
2595:Etmopterus_unicolor
2581:Etmopterus unicolor
2551:Etmopterus unicolor
2437:Shortnose spurdog (
2244:Roughskin spurdog (
2068:Whitetail dogfish (
1987:Roughskin dogfish (
1831:Rasptooth dogfish (
1710:E. pseudosqualiolus
1593:Pink lanternshark (
1479:Combtooth dogfish (
1419:Hooktooth dogfish (
1174:Longsnout dogfish (
1165:Arrowhead dogfish (
1060:Dumb gulper shark (
853:Etmopterus unicolor
792:Etmopterus unicolor
739:Etmopterus unicolor
725:Etmopterus unicolor
662:Sharks of the World
630:Etmopterus unicolor
544:tissue in the left
538:intromittent organs
475:Biology and ecology
431:continental shelves
257:Etmopterus unicolor
190:Etmopterus unicolor
31:Conservation status
24:Brown lanternshark
2421:Japanese spurdog (
2376:Edmund's spurdog (
2358:Fatspine spurdog (
2349:Greeneye spurdog (
2324:Longnose spurdog (
2262:Mandarin dogfish (
2095:Sherwood dogfish (
1497:Whitefin dogfish (
1470:Bareskin dogfish (
1461:Granular dogfish (
1147:Birdbeak dogfish (
869:10.1007/BF02905618
759:10.1007/BF02672759
556:Human interactions
402:Etmopterus baxteri
385:dwarf lanternshark
295:. Reproduction is
267:. It is found off
249:brown lanternshark
2854:
2853:
2746:Open Tree of Life
2543:Taxon identifiers
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2482:Bartail spurdog (
2340:Bighead spurdog (
2215:
2214:
2152:Greenland shark (
1940:
1939:
1892:Prickly dogfish (
1867:
1866:
1586:E. decacuspidatus
1443:Highfin dogfish (
1394:
1393:
1211:Taillight shark (
1186:
1185:
1176:D. quadrispinosum
1044:C. atromarginatus
671:978-0-691-12072-0
381:E. decacuspidatus
339:. The Australian
245:
244:
240:
233:
54:
2894:
2847:
2846:
2834:
2833:
2821:
2820:
2808:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2767:
2766:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2740:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2714:
2702:
2701:
2689:
2688:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2662:
2650:
2649:
2637:
2636:
2624:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2538:
2500:Cyrano spurdog (
2385:Taiwan spurdog (
2283:
2230:
2226:
2225:(Dogfish sharks)
2203:Velvet dogfish (
2154:S. microcephalus
2077:Azores dogfish (
1980:C. cryptacanthus
1955:
1951:
1950:(Sleeper sharks)
1878:
1629:E. gracilispinis
1518:
1517:(Lantern sharks)
1488:Ornate dogfish (
1405:
1226:Heteroscymnoides
1202:Euprotomicroides
1197:
1033:Needle dogfish (
1019:
1015:
949:
942:
935:
926:
919:
918:
898:
887:
881:
880:
848:
837:
836:
834:
810:
804:
803:
782:
771:
770:
734:
728:
721:
715:
714:
682:
676:
675:
657:
642:
641:
625:
612:
611:
593:
393:dermal denticles
373:E. gracilispinis
238:
232:Engelhardt, 1912
231:
210:
192:
172:E. unicolor
69:
68:
48:
43:
42:
21:
16:Species of shark
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2829:
2824:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2776:Spinax unicolor
2770:
2762:
2757:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2720:Observation.org
2718:
2710:
2705:
2697:
2692:
2684:
2679:
2671:
2666:
2658:
2653:
2645:
2640:
2632:
2627:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2545:
2535:
2526:
2484:S. notocaudatus
2367:Cuban dogfish (
2360:S. crassispinus
2334:S. brevirostris
2300:S. acutirostris
2290:Spiny dogfish (
2281:
2280:
2270:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2178:
2136:
2103:
2052:
2044:Plunket shark (
2037:P. macracanthus
2019:
1995:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1863:
1855:Viper dogfish (
1839:
1815:
1782:E. tasmaniensis
1577:E. caudistigmus
1516:
1515:
1505:
1452:Black dogfish (
1427:
1390:
1357:
1333:
1309:I. brasiliensis
1291:
1283:Kitefin shark (
1267:
1243:
1219:
1213:E. zantedeschia
1182:
1131:
1014:(Gulper sharks)
1013:
1012:
1004:
960:
953:
923:
922:
907:
896:
889:
888:
884:
850:
849:
840:
812:
811:
807:
784:
783:
774:
736:
735:
731:
722:
718:
703:10.2307/1444748
684:
683:
679:
672:
659:
658:
645:
627:
626:
615:
608:
595:
594:
587:
582:
558:
525:sexual maturity
477:
457:caudal peduncle
444:
411:
317:Spinax unicolor
313:
234:
229:Spinax unicolor
201:
194:
188:
175:
63:
55:
44:
40:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2900:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2599:
2586:
2571:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2470:
2461:
2452:
2443:
2434:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2351:S. chloroculus
2346:
2337:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2227:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2205:Z. squamulosus
2200:
2190:
2188:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2059:Scymnodalatias
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2005:
2002:Centroselachus
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1846:Trigonognathus
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1603:E. dislineatus
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1434:Centroscyllium
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1369:
1367:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1259:Pocket shark (
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1171:
1167:D. profundorum
1162:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1116:C. tessellatus
1111:
1102:
1093:
1089:C. moluccensis
1084:
1080:C. lusitanicus
1075:
1066:
1057:
1051:Gulper shark (
1048:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1010:Centrophoridae
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:Elasmobranchii
990:
988:Chondrichthyes
984:
978:
972:
965:
962:
961:
954:
952:
951:
944:
937:
929:
921:
920:
905:
882:
863:(3): 338–345.
838:
825:(3): 417–424.
805:
786:Froese, Rainer
772:
729:
716:
697:(3): 584–591.
677:
670:
643:
613:
606:
584:
583:
581:
578:
557:
554:
476:
473:
443:
440:
410:
407:
312:
309:
305:hermaphrodites
263:in the family
243:
242:
224:
223:
217:
216:
212:
211:
203:
202:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
118:Elasmobranchii
115:
111:
110:
108:Chondrichthyes
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
46:Data Deficient
38:
35:
34:
29:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2899:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2845:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2511:S. raoulensis
2507:
2505:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2466:S. montalbani
2462:
2460:
2458:
2457:S. mitsukurii
2453:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2414:S. hemipinnis
2410:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2342:S. bucephalus
2338:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2326:S. blainville
2322:
2320:
2318:
2317:S. altipinnis
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2013:C. crepidater
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1971:C. coelolepis
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1960:Centroscymnus
1956:
1953:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1903:O. caribbaeus
1899:
1897:
1895:
1894:O. bruniensis
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1773:E. splendidus
1769:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1728:E. pycnolepis
1724:
1722:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1638:E. granulosus
1634:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1545:E. brachyurus
1541:
1539:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1463:C. granulatum
1459:
1457:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1384:S. laticaudus
1380:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1351:E. bispinatus
1349:Pygmy shark (
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1340:Euprotomicrus
1336:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1158:D. hystricosa
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1062:C. harrissoni
1058:
1056:
1054:
1053:C. granulosus
1049:
1047:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
989:
985:
983:
979:
977:
973:
971:
967:
966:
963:
958:
957:dogfish shark
950:
945:
943:
938:
936:
931:
930:
927:
916:
912:
908:
906:9781988514628
902:
895:
894:
886:
883:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
847:
845:
843:
839:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
809:
806:
801:
800:
795:
793:
787:
781:
779:
777:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
743:E. granulosus
740:
733:
730:
726:
720:
717:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
681:
678:
673:
667:
663:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:(3/6): 64–69.
639:
635:
631:
624:
622:
620:
618:
614:
609:
607:92-5-101384-5
603:
599:
592:
590:
586:
579:
577:
575:
571:
567:
563:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
508:in the genus
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:
486:
482:
481:lanternfishes
474:
472:
470:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
441:
439:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
408:
406:
404:
403:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:type specimen
322:
318:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:ovoviviparous
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
261:dogfish shark
258:
254:
250:
241:
237:
230:
225:
222:
218:
213:
209:
204:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Selachimorpha
126:
124:Subdivision:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
52:
47:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2775:
2550:
2519:
2510:
2502:S. rancureli
2501:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2456:
2448:S. melanurus
2447:
2438:
2430:
2423:S. japonicus
2422:
2413:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2316:
2308:S. albifrons
2307:
2299:
2292:S. acanthias
2291:
2275:
2263:
2255:C. australis
2254:
2245:
2235:Cirrhigaleus
2233:
2204:
2196:Z. ichiharai
2195:
2183:
2172:S. rostratus
2171:
2163:S. pacificus
2162:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2120:
2108:
2097:S. sherwoodi
2096:
2087:
2078:
2070:S. albicauda
2069:
2057:
2045:
2036:
2026:Proscymnodon
2024:
2012:
2000:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1958:
1930:O. paradoxus
1929:
1921:O. japonicus
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1881:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1822:Miroscyllium
1820:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1656:E. litvinovi
1655:
1647:E. hillianus
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1559:
1552:
1544:
1535:
1526:
1510:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1472:C. kamoharai
1471:
1462:
1453:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1400:Etmopteridae
1383:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1115:
1107:C. squamosus
1106:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1024:Centrophorus
1022:
998:Subdivision
892:
885:
860:
856:
852:
822:
818:
808:
797:
791:
753:(1): 61–72.
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
719:
694:
690:
686:
680:
661:
637:
633:
629:
597:
559:
514:
509:
498:Acanthephyra
497:
487:
478:
465:
445:
422:
419:E. compagnoi
418:
412:
400:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
357:E. hillianus
356:
348:
340:
336:
320:
316:
314:
277:South Africa
265:Etmopteridae
256:
252:
248:
246:
235:
228:
227:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
148:Etmopteridae
138:Squaliformes
18:
2655:iNaturalist
2575:Wikispecies
2520:S. suckleyi
2439:S. megalops
2431:S. lalannei
2405:s. griffini
2387:S. formosus
2378:S. edmundsi
2369:S. cubensis
2264:C. barbifer
2121:S. obscurus
2088:S. oligodon
2079:S. garricki
2046:P. plunketi
1946:Somniosidae
1912:O. centrina
1800:E. villosus
1791:E. unicolor
1755:E. sentosus
1746:E. schultzi
1719:E. pusillus
1701:E. princeps
1595:E. dianthus
1560:E. burgessi
1536:E. bigelowi
1454:C. fabricii
1445:C. excelsum
1327:I. plutodus
1318:I. labialis
1250:Mollisquama
1098:C. niaukang
500:). A known
469:pelvic fins
442:Description
365:E. schultzi
293:crustaceans
289:cephalopods
285:bony fishes
273:New Zealand
2872:Etmopterus
2861:Categories
2493:S. nasutus
2475:S. nasutus
2396:S. grahami
2282:(Spurdogs)
2130:S. ringens
1989:C. owstoni
1873:Oxynotidae
1857:T. kabeyai
1833:M. sheikoi
1737:E. robinsi
1674:E. molleri
1665:E. lucifer
1568:E. carteri
1553:E. bullisi
1527:E. baxteri
1512:Etmopterus
1499:C. ritteri
1490:C. ornatum
1364:Squaliolus
1237:H. marleyi
1192:Dalatiidae
982:Vertebrata
980:Subphylum
915:1042901090
687:Etmopterus
580:References
529:Suruga Bay
510:Lerneopoda
461:caudal fin
453:dorsal fin
449:gill slits
341:Etmopterus
337:Etmopterus
329:Sagami Bay
301:Suruga Bay
198:Engelhardt
159:Etmopterus
114:Subclass:
2791:Q56161015
2699:124696811
2221:Squalidae
2143:Somniosus
2110:Scymnodon
1809:E. virens
1764:E. spinax
1683:E. perryi
1611:E. evansi
1481:C. nigrum
1261:M. parini
1149:D. calcea
1071:C. isodon
992:Subclass
877:198499035
562:fisheries
550:pollution
435:seamounts
389:E. perryi
349:E. spinax
281:Australia
166:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
2831:10156196
2785:Wikidata
2673:10148539
2629:FishBase
2566:Q3760674
2560:Wikidata
2246:C. asper
1883:Oxynotus
1692:E. polli
1620:E. fusus
1421:A. nigra
1410:Aculeola
1375:S. aliae
1298:Isistius
1285:D. licha
1274:Dalatias
1125:C. uyato
1000:Selachii
976:Chordata
970:Animalia
968:Kingdom
799:FishBase
767:20162951
534:claspers
521:yolk sac
502:parasite
496:such as
311:Taxonomy
221:Synonyms
144:Family:
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
51:IUCN 3.1
2818:5216407
2647:2421051
2277:Squalus
1035:C. acus
974:Phylum
959:species
955:Extant
711:1444748
542:ovarian
506:copepod
427:Namibia
383:), and
200:, 1912)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
104:Class:
49: (
2844:321633
2764:271645
2751:592868
2738:271645
2725:804751
2712:496069
2686:551504
2660:100599
2608:183101
2185:Zameus
1138:Deania
986:Class
913:
903:
875:
765:
709:
691:Copeia
668:
604:
546:testis
536:(male
517:uterus
494:prawns
415:Honshu
323:. The
291:, and
2839:WoRMS
2826:IRMNG
2805:4Z59K
2759:WoRMS
2668:IRMNG
2621:3BM8D
897:(PDF)
873:S2CID
763:S2CID
707:JSTOR
485:squid
333:Japan
269:Japan
2813:GBIF
2733:OBIS
2707:NCBI
2694:IUCN
2681:ITIS
2642:GBIF
2603:BOLD
911:OCLC
901:ISBN
695:1985
666:ISBN
602:ISBN
433:and
421:and
303:are
279:and
271:and
247:The
2800:CoL
2634:688
2616:CoL
2590:AFD
865:doi
827:doi
755:doi
745:".
699:doi
632:".
375:),
367:),
359:),
351:),
251:or
2863::
2841::
2828::
2815::
2802::
2787::
2761::
2748::
2735::
2722::
2709::
2696::
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