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characteristics found in the juveniles of other opisthoproctids, such as poorly developed muscles (for example the lack of ventral muscles, meaning the gut is enclosed only by the peritoneum and the skin), rudimentary scales and coloration, and the placement of the pectoral and pelvic fins on
506:
eye allows the fish to see both up and down at the same time. In addition, the mirror system is superior to a lens in gathering light. It is likely that the main eye serves to detect objects silhouetted against the sunlight, while the diverticulum serves to detect
305:
at a depth of 500–2,400 meters (1,600–7,900 ft), but usually occurs below 1,000 meters (3,300 feet). In the Gulf of Mexico it is found shallower, at 310–460 meters (1,020–1,510 ft).
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to focus its image, as in other fishes. However, inside the diverticulum the light is reflected and focused onto the retina by a curved composite mirror derived from the
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to the position of dorsal fin, and two blotches on the base of the tail. The snout is dusky in color. The maximum known length is 18 cm (7.1 in).
329:
are cylindrical and face upward, with an accessory outgrowth to the side, and are covered with a silvery layer called the "argentea" for camouflage. The
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optics in sight. The main tubular eye contains a lateral ovoid swelling called a "diverticulum", largely separated from the eye by a septum. The
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openings, one directed up and the other down, that allow light into the main eye and the diverticulum respectively. The main eye employs a
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460:. 1: Diverticulum with retina (a) and reflective crystals (b). 2: Main eye with lens (c) and retina (d).
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in the formation of the caudal fin) occurs at around a standard length of 13 mm (0.51 in), and
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at a standard length of 30 mm (1.2 in). The pectoral and pelvic fins form early, as does the
554:
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673:
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472:
412:. The larvoid juveniles and adults are covered in a gelatinous sheath. Flexion (the curvature of the
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have been observed in a 36 mm (1.4 in) male and a 40 mm (1.6 in) female. Their
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397:, though as food is scarce in the deep sea it may take anything it can catch. Reproduction is
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Wagner, H.J.; Douglas, R.H.; Frank, T.M.; Roberts, N.W.; Partridge, J.C. (27 January 2009).
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361:. The body is transparent, covered by thin scales. There are four pairs of blotches on the
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848:"Double-duty deep sea fish eye has one mirrored and one refractive lens system"
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The New York Times > Science > Slide Show > Slide 5 of 8 (photograph)
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321:. The head comprises 29-32.4% of the standard length, with a long, pointed
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778:. Ichthyoplankton Information System. Alaska Fisheries Science Center.
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491:, composed of many layers of small reflective plates possibly made of
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Cohen, D.M. (29 June 1960). "New records of the opisthoproctid genus
480:
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660:"A novel vertebrate eye using both refractive and reflective optics"
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peduncles that are not connected to the body by muscles. Developed
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349:, 10–11 rays in the dorsal fin, 8–9 rays in the
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lines most of the interior of the eye, and there are two
714:"Fish with four eyes can see through the deep sea gloom"
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357:. The pelvic fins are elongated, and there may be an
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765:
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16:
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582:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
555:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58241062A60800084.en
333:is toothless, and there is a single row of small
805:, with a notice of neoteny in the related genus
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744:McEachran, J.D. & Fechhelm, J.D. (1998).
8:
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498:, acting as the reflector equivalent of a
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317:is slender, the depth 12.6–14.3% of the
257:. This species probably has a worldwide
519:
7:
1082:IUCN Red List least concern species
541:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
511:flashes from the sides and below.
14:
467:is unusual in that it uses both
73:
846:Wallace, John (20 March 2014).
720:. London, UK: Times Newspapers
598:California Academy of Sciences
1:
748:. University of Texas Press.
502:. The split structure of the
712:Smith, L. (8 January 2009).
1112:Taxa named by Léon Vaillant
353:, and 8–9 rays in the
253:, to focus an image in its
1128:
1092:Fish of the Atlantic Ocean
1102:Fish of the Pacific Ocean
687:10.1016/j.cub.2008.11.061
201:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1097:Fish of the Indian Ocean
642:. February 2022 version.
628:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
548:: e.T58241062A60800084.
1107:Fish described in 1888
887:Dolichopteryx longipes
773:"Brownsnout spookfish"
632:Dolichopteryx longipes
586:Dolichopteryx longipes
534:Dolichopteryx longipes
461:
389:consists primarily of
226:Dolichopteryx longipes
179:Dolichopteryx longipes
580:Eschmeyer, William N.
455:
297:. It is found in the
289:it is known from the
265:distribution; in the
221:brown-snout spookfish
24:Brownsnout spookfish
530:Knudsen, S. (2015).
341:. There are 13
217:brownsnout spookfish
678:2009CBio...19..108W
381:Biology and ecology
249:, in addition to a
239:glasshead barreleye
40:Conservation status
462:
424:on the left side.
303:bathypelagic zones
291:California Current
245:known to employ a
241:fish are the only
229:) is a species of
204:Aulostoma longipes
1069:
1068:
1041:Open Tree of Life
879:Taxon identifiers
852:Laser Focus World
593:Catalog of Fishes
444:is 5 years.
363:peritoneal cavity
269:it is known from
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212:
208:
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1119:
1087:Opisthoproctidae
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504:D. longipes
465:D. longipes
458:D. longipes
429:D. longipes
393:and other small
387:D. longipes
279:Greater Antilles
235:Opisthoproctidae
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161:D. longipes
137:Opisthoproctidae
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665:Current Biology
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489:retinal tapetum
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319:standard length
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295:South China Sea
293:region and the
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127:Argentiniformes
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862:External links
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819:(2): 147–149.
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672:(2): 108–114.
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626:Froese, Rainer
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518:
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509:bioluminescent
449:
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371:chromatophores
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283:Gulf of Mexico
267:Atlantic Ocean
233:in the family
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207:Vaillant, 1888
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807:Dolichopteryx
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803:Bathylychnops
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755:0-292-75206-7
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418:metamorphosis
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347:pectoral fins
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287:Pacific Ocean
285:, and in the
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237:. It and the
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170:Binomial name
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148:Dolichopteryx
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55:Least Concern
45:
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784:. Retrieved
745:
722:. Retrieved
718:Times Online
717:
669:
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601:. Retrieved
591:
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559:. Retrieved
545:
539:
533:
503:
500:Fresnel lens
464:
463:
457:
433:paedomorphic
428:
426:
386:
385:The diet of
384:
375:lateral line
369:, a line of
365:beneath the
314:
313:The body of
312:
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178:
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18:
963:iNaturalist
782:. July 2008
456:The eye of
395:crustaceans
359:adipose fin
351:pelvic fins
315:D. longipes
309:Description
299:mesopelagic
243:vertebrates
1076:Categories
850:. Optics.
515:References
473:reflective
469:refractive
373:below the
281:, and the
414:notochord
399:oviparous
339:lower jaw
331:upper jaw
263:temperate
231:barreleye
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1007:58241062
981:11011001
937:FishBase
896:Wikidata
786:14 March
724:14 March
696:19110427
639:FishBase
496:crystals
442:lifespan
431:exhibit
391:copepods
355:anal fin
343:fin rays
259:tropical
196:Synonyms
187:Vaillant
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1046:3642817
1020:1311437
955:2411172
902:Q142533
833:1440218
674:Bibcode
603:12 June
561:12 June
493:guanine
481:corneal
422:stomach
403:pelagic
401:, with
345:in the
337:in the
275:Bahamas
271:Bermuda
189:, 1888)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1059:126731
1033:126731
994:162103
968:618796
929:124714
831:
812:Copeia
752:
694:
477:retina
438:gonads
427:Adult
410:larvae
325:. The
277:, the
273:, the
247:mirror
1054:WoRMS
976:IRMNG
924:EUNIS
916:3766N
829:JSTOR
776:(PDF)
335:teeth
323:snout
1028:OBIS
1015:NCBI
1002:IUCN
989:ITIS
950:GBIF
942:9121
817:1960
788:2009
750:ISBN
726:2009
692:PMID
605:2022
563:2022
546:2015
485:lens
471:and
448:Eyes
408:and
406:eggs
327:eyes
301:and
261:and
255:eyes
251:lens
215:The
911:CoL
821:doi
809:".
682:doi
550:doi
367:gut
219:or
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991::
978::
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827:.
815:.
764:^
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668:.
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223:(
185:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
