146:'s office for Joseph Gruttola, who had been accused of shooting a police officer, he set it at $ 500. After Gruttola posted bail and was released the same day, another judge revoked it and ordered him rearrested. When Grullota was brought into court the next day, Wright again set bail at $ 500. (Grutolla was eventually acquitted of attempted murder but convicted of assault and robbery.) In another case involving a man named Seymour Popkin, who had been charged in the beating of another man to death in a fistfight in
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Judge Wright released
Singleton on his own recognizance, saying that he had no previous criminal record, strong family and community ties, and that prosecutors had offered no convincing reason to bar Singleton's release. (Singleton was eventually found guilty of second-degree assault and acquitted of first-degree assault and attempted murder.)
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bench in 1970. Judge Wright was soon publicly critical of the judicial system and voiced his belief that race and class all too frequently determined the outcomes of trials. He denounced what he called racism in the criminal justice system, and created a furor by often setting low bail, and sometimes
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in 1974 by David Ross, the city's administrative judge, who said it was just part of the usual rotations of judges and denied that the move had anything to do with his bail policies. Judge Wright then sued in federal court, seeking reinstatement, but in 1978, as hearings on his long-delayed lawsuit
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making their first complaint about Judge Wright a week after he returned to the
Criminal Court bench. It peaked in April 1979, when Jerome Singleton was charged with slashing the throat of a white decoy officer, Robert Bilodeau. After bail had initially been set at $ 10,000 cash by another judge,
203:
Judge Wright spent 25 years on the bench hearing criminal and civil cases, and had a reputation as a scholarly and provocative jurist who sprinkled his opinions with literary quotations. He taught as visiting scholar at
Adelphi University, Garden City, New York in the African American Studies
199:. To say that I would've done things differently means to me I would have been a good boy, kept my mouth shut and availed myself of the benefits of the system. I don't think I can do that. I don't think I could ever do that.
212:. He later authored an autobiography, "Black Justice In A White World." Sixty-five years after being denied admission because of his race, the Princeton Class of 2001 made him an honorary member of their class.
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declined to release the name of a potential witness, despite Popkin's criminal record extending back 20 years. (The charge was eventually reduced to simple assault, and Popkin was acquitted at trial.)
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However, while some criticized Wright, others thought he was fair. Despite his outspoken views and practices, Wright was elected to the New York State
Supreme Court in 1979.
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in 1979, he said that a more appropriate name for him would have been "Civil" Wright. He retired on
December 31, 1994. Several days before his retirement, he said,
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219:" at the local, Old Saybrook, Wal-Mart. He explained this, saying he needed to supplement his retirement income in order to visit Italy, which he loved doing.
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Throughout his career, Wright held onto his belief that the judicial system, including bail, was stacked against poor and minority defendants. In a lecture at
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745:"Con Ed Takeover Action Fails in Westchester - Simon Wins in Bronx Simon Getting 55% of Vote Transit Bond Issues Approved in New York and Jersey"
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116:. Wright's first book of poetry, "From the Shaken Tower," was edited by Hughes and published in 1944. He studied at
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27:. Judge Wright was also the father of Geoffrey D.S. Wright, a New York State Supreme Court Justice, and
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no bail, for poor or minority suspects. In one case, in which bail of $ 100,000 was requested by the
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664:"Wright Is Assailed for Comments on Police and Release of Suspect - Man Freed Again, on Bond"
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Wright's early ambition was to become a poet and was introduced and later became a friend of
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American
Patriots: The Story of Blacks in the Military from the Revolution to Desert Storm
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Department a course entitled, Law
Against Minorities. He was the author of a 1987 book,
245:""Princeton University Does Not Discriminate…": African American Exclusion at Princeton"
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557:"Bar Unit To Study Shift of a Judge - lnquiry Asked by Legal Aid on Outside Pressure"
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because of his bail practices, and it was repeated often in the New York newspapers.
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19:(born Marion Bruce Wright, December 19, 1917 – March 24, 2005) was an American
485:"Murder Suspect Is Cleared In Case - Acquitted on Lesser Charge After Fatal Beating"
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429:"Gruttola Guilty In Robbery Case - His Release on $ 500 Bail in '72 Drew Criticism"
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After continued protests by the police officer's unions, Wright was transferred to
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283:"Bruce McM. Wright, Erudite Judge Whose Bail Rulings Caused an Uproar, Dies at 86"
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584:"Judge Wright Sues to Be Reassigned To His Seat on Criminal Court Bench"
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150:, Judge Wright released him on his own recognizance after an assistant
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611:"Judge Wright, Focus of Dispute, Is Reassigned to Criminal Court"
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Judge Wright died in his sleep on March 24, 2005, at his home in
89:. He volunteered for combat duty, and was assigned to Company K,
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about the role of race in the judicial system, which won a 1991
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were about to begin, he was transferred back to
Criminal Court.
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African
Americans in the Military: A to Z of African Americans
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Wright was given the nickname "Cut 'Em Loose Bruce" by the
691:"Suspect in '79 Bail-Case Furor Guilty in Police Slashing"
415:"A Different Judge | News | the Harvard Crimson"
455:"An Ex-Convict Held In Slaying Is Freed By Judge Wright"
51:, and spent the majority of his adult life living in
367:"Suspect in Police Attack Freed Twice in $ 500 Bail"
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In 1939, Wright was awarded a scholarship to attend
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511:"Controversial Memorial for 'Turn 'Em Loose Bruce'"
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109:, who later became his country's first president.
530:"P.B.A. Assails Bronx Judge for Leniency in Bail"
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135:New York City Human Resources Administration
133:appointed Wright as general counsel for the
851:"Bruce Wright, former New York Judge, dies"
831:"Pomp, Circumstance, and a Little Levity".
176:The controversy promptly resumed, with the
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637:"Police Association to Complain of Judge"
365:Tomasson, Robert E. (December 26, 1972).
215:In retirement, Judge Wright worked as a "
2694:New York University School of Law alumni
799:Black Justice in a White World: A Memoir
243:Armstrong, April C. (4 February 2015).
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195:I have never changed my mind about the
281:McFadden, Robert D. (March 26, 2005).
2709:People from Old Saybrook, Connecticut
7:
609:Goldstein, Tom (February 28, 1978).
582:Goldstein, Tom (February 11, 1975).
555:Goldstein, Tom (December 21, 1974).
795:Wright, Bruce (September 1, 1996).
662:Cummings, Judith (April 14, 1979).
120:, and obtained his law degree from
70:on the same grounds. He studied at
718:"Democrats Give Wright Top Rating"
399:. January 15, 1973. Archived from
14:
2704:People from Princeton, New Jersey
2689:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)
803:(1st ed.). Barricade Books.
689:Shipp, E.R. (December 18, 1980).
66:. Wright was denied admission to
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743:Lynn, Frank (November 7, 1979).
528:Johnson, Rudy (August 4, 1973).
465:. December 23, 1973. p. 25
85:segregated medical unit during
716:Fowler, Glenn (May 20, 1979).
189:Columbia University Law School
137:in 1967, and named him to the
1:
118:Fordham University Law School
101:, where he was befriended by
2268:Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
643:. March 3, 1978. p. A20
491:. March 29, 1974. p. 39
139:New York City Criminal Court
25:New York State Supreme Court
2714:American Book Award winners
2684:United States Army soldiers
1927:Mill Hunk Herald Collective
435:. June 29, 1973. p. 42
393:"The Law: The Game of Bail"
309:Gail Lumet Buckley (2002).
206:Black Robes, White Justice,
144:Manhattan District Attorney
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2324:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
772:Black Robes, White Justice
463:United Press International
2481:Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
1755:Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
1165:Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
833:Princeton Weekly Bulletin
224:Old Saybrook, Connecticut
170:New York City Civil Court
93:. After the war, he went
72:Virginia Union University
1714:Josephine Gattuso Hendin
317:. Random House Digital.
81:Wright then served in a
1541:Septima Poinsette Clark
1531:Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
344:. Infobase Publishing.
338:Catherine Reef (2009).
159:police officer's unions
33:New York State Assembly
1150:Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
839:(30): 8. 18 June 2001.
770:Wright, Bruce (1990).
251:. Princeton University
201:
91:16th Infantry Regiment
1985:José Antonio Burciaga
1960:A'Lelia Perry Bundles
1932:Nora Marks Dauenhauer
1250:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
1114:Ronald Phillip Tanaka
954:Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
403:on December 14, 2008.
193:
74:, and graduated from
49:Princeton, New Jersey
17:Bruce McMarion Wright
2567:E. Donald Two-Rivers
2440:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
2415:Guillermo Gómez-Peña
2102:Francisco X. AlarcĂłn
1970:Benjamin Alire Sáenz
1838:Shirley Geok-lin Lim
1799:José Emilio González
1734:William Minoru Hohri
1704:J. California Cooper
1545:Cynthia Stokes Brown
1365:Robert Edward Duncan
1273:Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
995:Bienvenido N. Santos
919:American Book Awards
774:. Carol Publishing.
178:Transit Police union
97:, making his way to
60:Princeton University
2168:Janet Campbell Hale
1907:Karen Tei Yamashita
1819:Michelle T. Clinton
1659:Alma Luz Villanueva
1596:Jimmy Santiago Baca
1526:Juan Felipe Herrera
1265:Ruthanne Lum McCunn
1109:Lorna Dee Cervantes
949:Leslie Marmon Silko
921:winners (1980–1999)
249:blogs.princeton.edu
210:American Book Award
128:New York City Mayor
122:New York Law School
45:Baltimore, Maryland
43:Wright was born in
2699:People from Harlem
2629:LuĂs Alberto Urrea
2491:Brenda Marie Osbey
2178:Lawson Fusao Inada
2035:Verlyn Klinkenborg
1936:Richard Dauenhauer
1897:John Edgar Wideman
1846:Margarita Donnelly
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1318:Colleen J. McElroy
1313:John Kuo Wei Tchen
1288:William J. Kennedy
1283:Venkatesh Kulkarni
1230:Imamu Amiri Baraka
1099:Joyce Carol Thomas
749:The New York Times
722:The New York Times
695:The New York Times
668:The New York Times
641:The New York Times
615:The New York Times
588:The New York Times
561:The New York Times
534:The New York Times
489:The New York Times
459:The New York Times
433:The New York Times
371:The New York Times
288:The New York Times
226:at the age of 87.
76:Lincoln University
31:, a member of the
23:who served on the
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2010:Peter Kalifornsky
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1629:Salvatore La Puma
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1094:Jerome Rothenberg
1076:Hilton Obenzinger
1040:Toni Cade Bambara
351:978-0-8160-7839-4
324:978-0-375-76009-9
152:district attorney
29:Keith L.T. Wright
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2455:Tom De Haven
2405:Derrick Bell
2283:Sandra Martz
2263:Li-Young Lee
2253:Thomas Avena
2243:John Egerton
2153:Eric Drooker
2107:Gerald Graff
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2044:Amiri Baraka
1912:Lucia Berlin
1882:D. H. Melhem
1872:Bruce Wright
1871:
1770:Hualing Nieh
1639:Wing Tek Lum
1609:Egyirba High
1536:Michael Mayo
1521:John Wieners
1511:Harvey Pekar
1506:Gary Giddins
1481:Ana Castillo
1355:Maureen Owen
1195:Seán Ó Tuama
1124:Tato Laviera
1081:Him Mark Lai
1061:Duane Niatum
1025:Robert Kelly
944:Jayne Cortez
854:
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814:. Retrieved
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751:. p. A1
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724:. p. B3
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617:. p. 37
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563:. p. 34
560:
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536:. p. 21
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401:the original
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47:, raised in
42:
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2679:2005 deaths
2674:1917 births
2601:Jerry Lipka
2552:Anna Linzer
2496:Don DeLillo
2420:Louis Owens
2353:Kimiko Hahn
2348:Edward Said
2293:Tricia Rose
2278:Peter Quinn
2188:Paul Gilroy
2173:Jill Nelson
2112:Jack Beatty
2082:Cornel West
2005:Peter Bacho
2000:Norma Field
1828:Miles Davis
1794:John Norton
1674:Carolyn Lau
1669:Audre Lorde
1643:Tek Lum Lum
1576:Daisy Bates
1516:James Welch
1460:Toshio Mori
1430:Linda Hogan
1341:Sojin Takei
1328:Peter Irons
1235:JesĂşs ColĂłn
1225:Mark Podwal
1216:Gary Snyder
1211:Cecil Brown
939:Edward Dorn
670:. p. 1
373:. p. 1
2668:Categories
2614:Trey Ellis
2557:Brian Ward
2501:Jim Barnes
2314:Arthur Sze
1867:bell hooks
1804:Sergei Kan
1689:Frank Chin
1450:Susan Howe
1360:May Sarton
1345:Muin Ozaki
1333:Keiho Soga
1255:Miné Okubo
1180:Judy Grahn
1175:Joy Kogawa
1071:Frank Chin
1066:E. L. Mayo
1035:Susan Howe
1000:Helen Adam
781:0818405236
230:References
103:Senegalese
68:Notre Dame
2644:Gary Gach
2344:Joe Sacco
2248:John Ross
2229:Herb Boyd
1902:Joy Harjo
1486:Cyn Zarco
1370:Ron Jones
1323:Gary Soto
1089:Judy Yung
1085:Genny Lim
83:U.S. Army
78:in 1942.
2400:Alurista
1056:Al Young
816:25 April
755:25 April
728:25 April
701:25 April
674:25 April
647:25 April
621:25 April
594:25 April
567:25 April
540:25 April
495:25 April
469:25 April
439:25 April
377:25 April
294:25 April
255:25 April
859:. 2005.
515:NPR.org
217:greeter
807:
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348:
321:
21:jurist
105:poet
99:Paris
64:black
2540:1999
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1953:1992
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1133:1983
1049:1982
985:Alta
978:1981
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818:2016
805:ISBN
776:ISBN
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730:2016
703:2016
676:2016
649:2016
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596:2016
569:2016
542:2016
497:2016
471:2016
441:2016
397:Time
379:2016
346:ISBN
319:ISBN
296:2016
257:2016
95:AWOL
39:Life
856:Jet
161:in
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327:.
298:.
259:.
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